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© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Presented to:

2013 Hawaii Aerospace Summit

Transformative Energy Generation


Energy

Required for all Productive Activities

Conversion

Sources:• Oil & Gas• Solar• Wind• Others

Output:• Suitable• Reliable• Accessible• Usable

• Efficient• Environmentally Sound• Cost Effective


Replace traditional power generation systems with practical renewable distributed energy with no compromise in performance or reliability at much lower life-cycle cost than fossil-fuel generators.

© Planetary Power, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.Planetary Power, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential

ELIMINATE DEPENDENCY ON UNSUSTAINABLE POWER SOURCES

ENABLE UBIQUITOUS RENEWABLE ENERGY TO FUEL THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

ELIMINATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSOF POWER GENERATION

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VISION


Market Strategy

Remote, Off-Grid Distributed Utility ScaleIn Space


Balanced Solutions

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Representative Daily Solar Panel Output

Daily Load Profile

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Clean reliable power using solar or traditional

fuels at40% conversion

efficiency

Diesel-Renewable Hybrid uses 80% less fuel than traditional generators

HYGEN™ Hybrid Generator SUNsparq™ Solar+ Generator

Planetary Power Delivers the Lowest Cost Off-Grid Power Available

SOLUTION: Planetary Power Hybrids


Hawaiian Energy Opportunities• mm

• Strong demand for energy, most sources currently imported

• Strong desire to protect the environment and culture for forward looking leadership

• Segmented Electric Grid with significant remote needs

• Central location in the Pacific Rim

PISCES Sustainable Concrete Project

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Collaborative Partners

The Goal

To increase Hawaii’s self-sufficiency in construction

materials

The ProblemOver 300,000 metric tons of Portland cement

per year imported into HawaiìEconomic Cost

Shipping cost passed on to State and consumersEnvironmental Cost

5-7% global CO2 produced in Portland Cement production

Massive producer to consumer fuel useMaintains Hawaiian Dependence on Imports

A SolutionIndigenous basalt aggregate and alternative

binding methods from available materials, both indigenous and “waste” byproductsFly and Bottom Ash

From waste-to-power and coal-fire plantsSintering

Using basalt aggregate and Sub-200 micron rock dust

Proteins (for biocomposites) Lignins

Polymers

Hurdles to Overcome for Commercialization of TechnologyLab validated technologies have not been

scaled-up and durability tested in an intended-use environment

Technologies have not been ASTM tested and/or certified

Project Concept of Operations

PISCES and County of Hawaiì Department of Public Works selection of sites for sustainable concrete test pads

Sidewalk sections with moderate to heavy foot traffic Exposure to elements

Emplacement of test pads by PISCES and collaborative partners

Quarterly (every 3 months) removal of small sections for analysis to ASTM Standards for compressive strength, flexural strength, UV/weathering, and others

Publication of data and results with the American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE)

NASA-Ames & Stanford UniversityBiocomposite Concrete

Technology• Synthetic Biology (SynBio)

binders• SynBio applies existing biological

systems for useful purposes• Utilizing BSA and lignins

Team Members• David Loftus, PhD, MD, Innovation Lab

Head, Division of Space Biosciences, NASA Ames Research Center

• Michael Lepech, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University

• Jon Rask, Innovation Lab Researcher, Division of Space Biosciences, NASA Ames Research Center

NASA-Kennedy Surface Systems Office (Swampworks)

Team Members• Rob Mueller – Senior Technologist• Dr. Phil Metzger – Senior Scientist• Dr. Paul Hintze – Materials Research

Scientist• Ivan Townsend –Mechanical Lead

EngineerTechnology• Sintering• Polymer

Binders

University of Hawaiì, Manoa Team Members• Lin Shen, PhD, Assistant Professor,

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa

• Yanping Li, Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Technology• Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash

Fly Ash Also called coal ash, is an industrial by-product of coal-burning power plants Has long been used to replace small percentage of cement to improve

durability and reduce cost Each tone of cement replaced by fly ash will cut CO2 emission by 0.85 ton

Fly Ash Usage in the US: 43% used as supplementary material in concrete 57% (50M tons/yr) landfilled, $12 Billion/yr disposal cost

Fly Ash Usage in Hawaii: 300,000 tons/yr by local power plants (HPOWER, AES, HC&S…) Most is not used due to high sulfate content Some are blended with oversea fly ash to meet specifications

Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash (Geopolymer) Concrete Geopolymer Concrete: A type of alumino-silicate materials such as alkali-activated

(NaOH, Na2SiO3, KOH,…) fly ash and slag

Old generation Geopolymer Concrete has existed for 40yrs. low strength undesired setting time complicated mixing procedure.

New generation Geopolymer Concrete use zero cement and can achieve strength, durability, and cost similar to, sometimes much better than normal concrete.

Looks like traditional concrete Placed at ambient temperature Controlled setting time Superior durability

Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash Concrete Research Objective

Using Hawaii local fly ash to develop high performance cementless geopolymer concrete (GPC) with

Low shrinkage High Durability High bonding strengths Low coefficient of thermal expansion Modulus of elasticity consistent with

Portland cement concrete Low permeability Placement temperature tolerant …

Deliverables

ASCE conference paperData on ASTM test resultsCost and energy comparison for each method vs. Portland cement

Michael SnyderDirector of Research and Development

at Made In Space

Lunar Resource Utilization with Terrestrial Applications

Made In Space Background• MIS Founded in 2010 to Build AM tech for Space

– Identified extrusion printing as a low cost, low mass solution that could be implemented within a few years

– 3 goals: Study 3D Printing, Test in Micro-g, and Fly 3D Printer on ISS

• Conducted Multiple Trade Studies on AM in Space:– OTS Components, Extrusion Printers– Metal AM, Space Qualified Polymers, Robotic Assembly

• Designed / Built / Modified Printer Concepts – ESAMM, Modified BFB, DC3P Prototype, AMF, etc.

• MIS has an Innovative 3D Printing Lab – More than a dozen OTS and custom 3D printers– Elite, UP!, Cube, ESAMM, BFB, Ultimaker, Felix– Testing unique functionalities and capabilities – 10,000+ hours of extrusion printing use

• Made in Space’s Printers Development– Microgravity Flights in 2011, 2013- 400 parabolas or 2+ hours of

microgravity.– SBIR Phase 1 in 2012, Phase 2 & 3 in 2013– 3DPrint Experiment and Additive Manufacturing Facility

• Made in Space’s Advanced Concepts R & D– Local Resource Printers– Advanced Materials Printers– Terrestrial Printers

Resources• Wide Range of Materials

o Heavy metals to non-homogenous regolith Known metals mostly locked in oxides-need extraction/refinement Regolith varying size and compositions

• Wide Range of Applicationso Habitatso Vehicle Componentso Pressure Vessels

• Favorable Locationso Most resources no not require substantial miningo Varies along surface

Resources• Terrestrial Locations Have Similar Resources

o Volcanic Regions High amounts of Basalts Closely relates to Lunar “Seas” also chemically

equivalent to large portion of Highlands composition

o Other Regions generally have resources trapped below surfaces

• Utilizations Allow Efficiencyo Use local resources for local activitieso Not reliant an extensive supply chainso Reduces costs for projects

Progress

• Made In Space In-Lab Regolith Printingo Created Regolith Printer

Capable of Printing Regolith into complex geometries

• Traditional Methods limited to blocks and rods

Operates with Lunar Simulant and Hawaiian volcanic soil

Strong Parts Low Heat Low Power Fast Setting

o High Technology Readiness Level

Future Work• Continue work on laboratory devices

o Enhance Capabilitieso Fine-tune Mechanicso Expand Build Envelop

• Develop Future Lunar and Terrestrial Deviceso Focus on applications and reliabilityo Provide new manufacturing methods for Earth projectso Enable economical Lunar/Earth infrastructure

developmento Create new uses for these common materials