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SUMMARY of TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Depends on Ion-Ion Q ionic bond Ion-Dipole Q, µ Ions in aqueous solutions of electrolytes Dipole-Dipole µ Ion-Induced Dipole Q, ! ions in nonpolar solvents
3
Depends on Dipole-Induced Dipole µ, ! polar molecules in nonpolar solvents Dispersion ! induced-dipole induced-dipole Hydrogen Bonding directional must have H bonded dipole-dipole to N,O,F
Mary J. Bojan Chem 110
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hardest substance known (Gem) abrasive, drill bits, cutting tools
conducts current, soft: lubricant batteries (as electrode), pencils
Uses Graphite:
Carbon Black (amorphous) tires, ink pigments, carbon paper Charcoal (amorphous) adsorb molecules in filters Coke (amorphous) reducing agent in metallurgical operation
Uses Diamond:
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-3@@#+=2&&7'56,58&,5&-'",6$&MAIN GROUPS MAIN GROUPS
1A 1
7A 17
8A 18
1 H
1.008
2A 2
3A 13
4A 14
5A 15
6A 16
1 H
1.008
2 He
4.003 3 Li
6.941
4 Be
9.012
5 B
10.811
6 C
12.011
7 N
14.007
8 O
15.999
9 F
18.998
10 Ne
20.180 11 Na
22.990
12 Mg
24.305
13 Al
26.982
14 Si
28.086
15 P
30.974
16 S
32.066
17 Cl
35.453
18 Ar
39.948 19 K
39.098
20 Ca
40.078
31 Ga
69.723
32 Ge 72.61
33 As
74.992
34 Se
78.96
35 Br
79.904
36 Kr
83.80 37 Rb
85.468
38 Sr
87.62
49 In
114.82
50 Sn
118.71
51 Sb
121.76
52 Te
127.60
53 I
126.90
54 Xe
131.29 55 Cs
132.91
56 Ba
137.33
81 Tl
204.38
82 Pb
207.2
83 Bi
208.98
84 Po [209]
85 At
[210]
86 Rn [222]
87 Fr
[223]
88 Ra [226]
114
[285]
116
[289]
118
[293]
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