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acid base conjugate conjugate base acid

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base acid conjugate conjugate acid base

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Kw = [H+][OH!] = 1.0 " 10!14 at 25°C

pH = ! log10[H+] low pH = acidic high pH = basic pOH= ! log10[OH!] pKw = ! log10 Kw = 14 pH + pOH = ! log10[H+] + ! log10[OH!] = 14

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What is an electrolyte? A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in solution

MJ Bojan Chem 112

Which Bulbs Light Up? Distilled H2O

Tap H2O

NaCl(aq)

0.1M HCl(aq)

0.1M CH3COOH

sugar(aq)

CH3OH

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Bulb Wattage 2.5 7.5 25 40

19

STRONG ACIDS

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When dissolved in water, weak acids only partially dissociate to form H+ and the corresponding BrJnsted conjugate base.

WEAK ACIDS

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General Approach to Equilibrium Constant Problems

1.  Write the balanced reaction.

2. Write the expression for Keq.

3.  Set up a data table: (may need algebraic unknowns) I initial conditions C changes in concentrations E equilibrium concentrations

4. Substitute equilibrium concentrations into the expression for Keq and solve.

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CHA = 0.10 M acetic acid: CH3COOH What is the pH? What is the % dissociation? %%%Compare this to the [H+] of 0.10 M HI. %%%%HI%(=J&'% 12*G%55K% KF%

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Examples: H2CO3(aq) ⇆ H+ (aq) + HCO3

!(aq) Ka1 = 4.3 ! 10"7 HCO3

!(aq) ⇆ H+(aq) + CO32!(aq) Ka2 = 5.6 ! 10"11

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H3PO4 (aq) ⇆ H+(aq) + H2 PO4!(aq) Ka1 = 7.5 ! 10"3

H2PO4!(aq) ⇆ H+(aq) + HPO4

2!(aq) Ka2 = 6.2 ! 10"8

HPO42!(aq) ⇆ H+(aq) + PO4

3!(aq) Ka3 = 4.2 ! 10"13

WEbaWhE@_L*+L_]V*

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P#)40#/-B='%"-08*%V=0%32=)32=0#"%&"#$%NaOH is added to a solution of H3PO4 until the pH

reaches 12. Which species are present in the solution?

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D40='E%(&)*)%^%+Y&G3.*)%•  What is the pH of a 0.028 M solution of NaOH?

•  What is the [H+] concentration of a solution of Ca(OH)2 with pH 11.68?

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Hydrolysis: when a cation or anion reacts with H2O to form H3O+(aq) or OH"(aq)

M+!q%(!D+D%Weak bases can be neutral molecules Example: NH3T*amines NH3(aq) + H2O(!) ⇆ NH4

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]2#'E)%4=%q\RM%Acid Dissociation HA + H2O(l) ⇆ H3O+(aq) + A!(aq)

Equilibrium constant = Ka

3q&%r%T.=E%q&%

Ka = [H+][A!][HA]

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Kb = [HB+][OH!][B]

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