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SUMMARY of TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Depends on Ion-Ion Q ionic bond Ion-Dipole Q, µ Ions in aqueous solutions of electrolytes Dipole-Dipole µ Ion-Induced Dipole Q, ! ions in nonpolar solvents

3

Depends on Dipole-Induced Dipole µ, ! polar molecules in nonpolar solvents Dispersion ! induced-dipole induced-dipole Hydrogen Bonding directional must have H bonded dipole-dipole to N,O,F

Mary J. Bojan Chem 110

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hardest substance known (Gem) abrasive, drill bits, cutting tools

conducts current, soft: lubricant batteries (as electrode), pencils

Uses Graphite:

Carbon Black (amorphous) tires, ink pigments, carbon paper Charcoal (amorphous) adsorb molecules in filters Coke (amorphous) reducing agent in metallurgical operation

Uses Diamond:

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-3@@#+=2&&7'56,58&,5&-'",6$&MAIN GROUPS MAIN GROUPS

1A 1

7A 17

8A 18

1 H

1.008

2A 2

3A 13

4A 14

5A 15

6A 16

1 H

1.008

2 He

4.003 3 Li

6.941

4 Be

9.012

5 B

10.811

6 C

12.011

7 N

14.007

8 O

15.999

9 F

18.998

10 Ne

20.180 11 Na

22.990

12 Mg

24.305

13 Al

26.982

14 Si

28.086

15 P

30.974

16 S

32.066

17 Cl

35.453

18 Ar

39.948 19 K

39.098

20 Ca

40.078

31 Ga

69.723

32 Ge 72.61

33 As

74.992

34 Se

78.96

35 Br

79.904

36 Kr

83.80 37 Rb

85.468

38 Sr

87.62

49 In

114.82

50 Sn

118.71

51 Sb

121.76

52 Te

127.60

53 I

126.90

54 Xe

131.29 55 Cs

132.91

56 Ba

137.33

81 Tl

204.38

82 Pb

207.2

83 Bi

208.98

84 Po [209]

85 At

[210]

86 Rn [222]

87 Fr

[223]

88 Ra [226]

114

[285]

116

[289]

118

[293]

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