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3G RANOP RU20
Soc Classification level
1 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Module 3 Air interface and neighbour optimization
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Course Content
KPI overview
Performance monitoring
Air interface and neighbour optimizationCapacity & traffic optimization
Paging and inter-RNC optimization
Soc Classification level
2 Nokia Siemens Networks /
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Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be
able to:Describe the main measurementelements/parameters to optimize neighbour cells,
Soc Classification level
3 Nokia Siemens Networks /
for neighbour list optimization
Match counters with KPI to tune the overall NWperformance
Know how neighbours & RF optimization can bedone with tool Optimizer 2.0
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Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
Propagation Delay
Neighbour optimization methods
Adjacency based measurementsNetAct tools (optimiser)
Content
Soc Classification level
4 Nokia Siemens Networks /
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Content
Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
- RNC database structure
- 3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20
- Ec/Io versus RSCP (discussed under adjacency based measurements)
- Little i (cell overlap by Tx power, discussed under adjacency based measurements)
- UL RTWP and DL TCP
- Code power improvement for initial access and active set update
- HSPA quality
Soc Classification level
5 Nokia Siemens Networks /
- AMR features
Propagation Delay
Neighbour optimization methods
Adjacency based measurementsNetAct tools (optimiser)
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WBTS
RNCWSMLC
COCO
FMCS
HOPG
HOPI
HOPS
IUR
HOPL
2 New Parameter Objects:
HOPL (max 10 x, templates)
ADJL (max 8 x)
LTELTE -- HOHO
RNC database structure with LTE objects RU20 (1/2)
7 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / AA / 08_2009
Soc Classification level
WCEL
FMCI
FMCG
WLCSE
CMOB
ADJS
ADJI
ADJG
WANE
WSG
One-to-one
One-to-many
IUCS
IUPS
ADJL
ADJD
ADJL newADJL new
HOPL newHOPL new
Indicates LTEIndicates LTE
LTELTE --NeighboursNeighbours
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RNC = Radio Network Controller
WBTS = WCDMA Base Station
IUPS, IUCS, IUR have been introduced to simplify management
IPNB relates to optional feature IP-based Iub for Flexi
TQM relates to optional feature Iub Transport QoS
WRAB parameters are used by Admission Control
IPQM relates to IP transport on Iu
RNC database structure with LTE objects RU20 (2/2)
8 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / AA / 08_2009
Soc Classification level
WCEL = WCDMA Cell ADJ = Adjacency for WCDMA cell
ADJS = intra-frequency adjacency
ADJI = inter-frequency adjacency
ADJG = inter-system adjacency
ADJL = LTE adjacency (new)ADJL = LTE adjacency (new)
ADJD = detected adjacency
HOP = Handover Path
HOPS, HOPI, HOPG, HOPL (new)HOPL (new)
FMC = Frequency Measurement Control
FMCS, FMCI, FMCG
COCO = Radio Network Connection Configuration
CMOB = Congestion Management OBject
WANE = WCDMA Authorized Network
WSG = WCDMA subscriber group
WLCSE = WCDMA Location service entity
WSMLC = WCDMA Serving Mobile Location Center
IPNB = IP NodeB
IPQM = IP transmission QoS
TQM = Transmission Quality Management
WRAB = WCEL RAB parameters
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3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (1/5)
PSTN
LTE Interworking feature provides 3G support for:
- cell reselection from 3G to LTE
- PS inter-system handover from LTE to 3G
Soc Classification level
9 Nokia Siemens Networks /
GGSNRNCNode B
eNode B(incl. RRM)
aGW:Access
Gateway
IMS
Internet
Intranets
E-UTRA
E-UTRAN
RU20 RNWParameters
HSPA/LTE cell selectionHSPA/LTE cell selection
HOHO
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Three types of transition between 3G and LTE are supported by the RU20LTE interworking feature
Cell re-selection 3G to LTE in RRC idle
Cell re-selection 3G to LTE in Cell/URA_PCH
HO LTE to 3G, but NOT HO 3G to LTE in Cell_DCH
GSM Connected
Supported byfeature
3G LTE GSM
3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (2/5)
Soc Classification level
10 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Handover
CELL_PCH
URA_PCH
CELL_DCH
UTRA_Idle
E-UTRA
RRC_CONNECTED
E-UTRA
RRC_IDLE
GSM_Idle/GPRS
Packet_Idle
GPRS Packet
transfer mode
_
Handover
Reselection Reselection
Reselection
Connection
establishment/release
Connection
establishment/release
Connection
establishment/release
CCO,
Reselection
CCO with
optional
NACC
CELL_FACH
CCO, Reselection
Supported byfeature
No measurementwithin FACH
OccasionalMM by othervendors
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New RU20 RNW Parameter Objects HOPL and ADJL
WCDMA System Information Block 19 (SIB 19) Informs UE about parameters controlling interworking to
LTE
new
3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (3/5)
Soc Classification level
11 Nokia Siemens Networks /
RSRP = LTE counterpart of CPICH RSCP RSRQ = RSRP / RSSI = LTE counterpart of CPICH Ec/Io Reference signal
received power(RSRP)
Reference signalreceived quality(RSRQ)
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LTE Interworking feature provides 3G support for:
cell reselection from 3G to LTE
PS inter-system handover from LTE to 3G
Feature implementation is based upon 3GPP release 8
Cell re-selection from 3G to LTE is applicable to UE which are in RRC Idlemode, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH
3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (4/5)
Soc Classification level
12 Nokia Siemens Networks /
3G, LTE and GSM cells can be prioritized with 8 distinct absolute priorities In RRC Idle, URA_PCH and Cell_PCH states, UE camping on WCDMA will
periodically measure all higher priority RAT cells
measure lower priority RAT cells when 3G quality falls below a threshold
NSN RL10 LTE system provides support for LTE to 3G inter-RAT handover
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Idle mode cell reselection from a WCDMA cell to LTE cell
Idle mode situationIdle mode situation
Priority for cell layers &Priority for cell layers &
3G mobility interworking to LTE within RU20 (5/5)
Soc Classification level
13 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Operator can control reselection for the UEs by applying higher priority to LTE
ec no og esec no og es
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Common Measurements for cell load
C-NBAP - RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT
Dedicated Measurements for RLpower for active users in Cell_DCH
D-NBAP - DEDICATED MEASUREMENT REPORT
BTS load measurements
Soc Classification level
14 Nokia Siemens Networks /
IuB
C - NBAP
D - NBAP
Node B RNC
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UL performance (1/7)
Intermodulation
LRT UnloadedRT(2%) and
noise risenoise rise
(dB)(dB)
I own cellI own cell
PrxOffset
PrxTarget
I other cellsI other cells
High interference level due tointermodulation limits realtraffic load and thus serviceand throughput in the cell per
user It limits also coverage area of
cell
PrxNoiseWCEL: -130..-50; 0.1; -105 dBm
Soc Classification level
15 Nokia Siemens Networks /
LNRT UnloadedNRT(1%)Sum (3%)Sum (3%)
loadload
Thermal noise + noise figureThermal noise + noise figure
60 %60 %3%3% 25 % 25 % 30 %30 %
PrxNoiseAutotuningWCEL: 0 (Off) / 1 (On)
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PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]
Noise Rise [dB]
Overloaded area
UL (RTWP)
Decrease
adjacentcellinterference
Causes of IMP on ULCauses of IMP on UL Satellite dish (DTH) CATV Radio transmission Wireless cameras MHA/TMA non linearity
Other cell interference
UL performance (2/7)
High little i Low little i
Soc Classification level
16 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Prx Target [dB]
OWN cell load () [0..1]
FeasibleLoad Area
More total capacity
*IMP = Inter-modulation products
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Noise rise and little i
Noise Risei-factor
Maximum
throughputDCH
Throughput thresholds calculated from new,configurable Prx thresholds
Decreaseinterferencedue to cell
overlap
UL performance (3/7) PrxLoadMarginDCH; WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1;2dBdefault: 2 dB: equals 37% own cell load
Soc Classification level
17 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Own Cell Load Factor (throughput)
PrxOffset
Minimumthroughput
DCH
PrxLoadMarginDCH
PrxLoadMarginMaxDCH
PrxTarget
PrxLoadMarginMaxDCH
WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1;0dB = off
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Good cellGood cell
In generalIn general the RTWP remains lowthe RTWP remains lowduring most of the time. There areduring most of the time. There areonly few short term conditions ofonly few short term conditions of
high UL interference.high UL interference.
UL performance (4/7)
Soc Classification level
18 Nokia Siemens Networks /
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Bad cellBad cell effected by electronic screeneffected by electronic screen
High RTWP in spite of low TCPHigh RTWP in spite of low TCP -->> no or limited traffic in the cellno or limited traffic in the cell
RTWP (per NBAP RRI)
High average RTWP in spite of lowaverage TCP (low DL traffic)
Sometimes extreme UL
UL performance (5/7)
Soc Classification level
19 Nokia Siemens Networks /
TCP (per NBAP RRI) as % of maximum power
no se r se n s ce
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RTWP (per NBAP RRI)
UL performance (6/7)
Bad cellBad cell effected by electronic screeneffected by electronic screen
High RTWP during most of the timeHigh RTWP during most of the time
Soc Classification level
20 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Time
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RTWP (per NBAP RRI)
UL performance (7/7)
Wrong RTWP reporting due to false commissioningWrong RTWP reporting due to false commissioning
RTWP (reported) = RTWP (measured at antenna connector)
+ feeder loss (commissioned)
MHA gain (commissioned)
Soc Classification level
21 Nokia Siemens Networks /
BTS indicates RTWP = -112 dB = no signal
But there is very high traffic in the cell
TCP (per NBAP RRI)
As % of maximum power
Check the following commissioning parameters
MHA in use
Cable lossDetails in chapter 5 sl. 9-11
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total transmitted power Ptx Total area 2 [dBm]
Overloaded area for 20 W
Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]
Marginal Load Area 1
41dBm
43 dBm
40 dBm
46 dBm
Overloaded area for 40 W
Marginal Load Area 2
total transmitted power Ptx Total area 1 [dBm]
DL performance (1/3)
Soc Classification level
22 Nokia Siemens Networks /
load ()
ore eas e
load andcoverage withmore PwR
but much more
interference inreceived part
More visible capacity and coverage, but more inter cell interferenceMore visible capacity and coverage, but more inter cell interference
Causes of DL interference:Causes of DL interference:
Too much common Ch PwR User down link service allocation
TX IMP (3rd order) CPICH over shooting
CCCH
37.5 dBm
FixedPwR.
capacity
Decrease power to
perform more capacityby less neighbour
interference in RSSIpart
max,_
_
BTStx
totaltx
DLP
P=
max,_
_
BTStx
totaltx
DLP
P=More coverage
*IMP = Inter-modulation products
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In general the TCP increases in theIn general the TCP increases in theafternoon, and sometimes goes up toafternoon, and sometimes goes up toalmost 100% of the maximum poweralmost 100% of the maximum power
DL performance (2/3)
TCP (per NBAP RRI)
As % of maximum power
Soc Classification level
23 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Time
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Ec/I0 (per call setup)
Red = RT
Green = NRT
DL performance (3/3)With increasing TCP the Ec/Io quality of theWith increasing TCP the Ec/Io quality of the
cell goes down. So low Ec/Io of this cell iscell goes down. So low Ec/Io of this cell ismainly a consequence of high DL load.mainly a consequence of high DL load.
Soc Classification level
24 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Trend towards lower EC/I0 with increasing TCP
(own cell interference)
TCP as % of maximum power
(per call setup)
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Code power improvement (1/2)
Idea:Better QoS within cell area, without change request for SHO window setting/upgradeApplicable for areas with more request of SHO state/probability (high mobility)
Expected improvement: RT/speech improvement
More total capacity Not for NRT service
Soc Classification level
25 Nokia Siemens Networks /
coverage/coverage/
CPICH areaCPICH area
QoS at cell edge andQoS at cell edge andaddition more coverage byaddition more coverage byextending of CPICH area,extending of CPICH area,but due to more PwRbut due to more PwRdistribution at cell edgedistribution at cell edge --less # of usersless # of users -- lower totallower total
capacitycapacity
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Code Power allocation within initial access & ASU
Initial Code Power of the first Radio LinkInitial Code Power of the first Radio Link
Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 options
Initial Code Power of a SHO BranchInitial Code Power of a SHO Branch
Code power improvement (2/2)
Soc Classification level
26 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 2 options
Target:
MML Bit 8: Improvement of initial CDR,MML Bit 2: CSSR improvement within SHO more QoS
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When the RL is established (RRC connection setup) the following equation is used todefined the initial DL power
= tx_totalCPICHtx,_0
1PP
RP
E
NE
initxc
b
RU10 implementation
Code power for initial access (2/6)
Soc Classification level
28 Nokia Siemens Networks /
The determination of the transmission power requires knowledge about several parametervalues:
planned Eb/Noof the connection (EbNo RM + EbNo Cell)
signal-to-interference ratio per chip of the CPICH ( ) measured by the UE
W is the chip rate, Ris bit rate, Ptx_total is measured by the base station (and reportedback to the RNC in Radio Resource Indication)
Ptx_CPICHis the CPICH power (determined by PtxPrimaryCPICH)
is the orthogonality factor (WRAB: DLOrthog: 0 .. 1; 0.01; 0.5)
0
IEc
0
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R = 64 kbit/s service with required DL Eb/No: 4.5dB = 2.82
PtxCPICH: 33dBm = 2 W
= 0.5,
Ptx_total = 37dBm = 5.011 W
Ec/Io (measured by UE) = -10dB = 0.1
Code power for initial access (3/6)RU10 implementation
Soc Classification level
29 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Ptx_init = 2.82*64/3840 (1/0.1 2W - 0.5 5.011W) = 822.5 mW (29.15 dBm)
mWWW
schip
bpsowerInitialDLP 822)011,5*5.02*
1.0
1(*
/3840000
64000*82.2==
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Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link - Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 option a
MML BusinessMML Business -- Bit 8 option a),Bit 8 option a),It is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILEIt is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILE
Option a)CPICH Ec/No value, which UE hasreported for the target cell, is useddirectly in defining the initial code
power, e.g -10 dB CPICH.
Option a) not modified = 0 dB
No influence of HO but PwR
distributionPwR
(dBm)
Code power for initial access (4/6)
Soc Classification level
30 Nokia Siemens Networks /
reported from UE
RSSI
coverage
sensitivity
Ec/No
RRC
setup
29.15dBm29.15dBmTxPwPTxPwP DCHDCH
-10 dB33 dBm33 dBm
TxPwPTxPwP CPICHCPICH
-10 dB
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Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link - Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 option b
MML BusinessMML Business -- Bit 8 option b),Bit 8 option b),It is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILEIt is all about a 8 bit parameter in PRFILE
reported from UE
This feature will increase DCHTx PwR and make coverage
bigger (only for initial access)
PwR
(dBm)
Code power for initial access (5/6)
Soc Classification level
31 Nokia Siemens Networks /
ar w more up o se ar w more up o se
Ec/Io
RRC setupInitial report from UE
-6 dB offset
Increase of initial TXPwR of DCH+6.46 dB more up+6.46 dB more up
6 dB subtracted frommeasured CPICH Ec/Io
Option b)6 dB is subtracted from the measured CPICHEc/No value, which UE has reported, for increasingthe initial code power value. This is the originalimplementation in RU10 and RAS06.
3642 mW/822mW= 4 times more
PwR for DL RL(DCH)
RSSI
More coverage for service
sensitivity
Ec/No
-6 dBEc/Io
29.15dBm29.15dBm
TxPwPTxPwP DCHDCH
35.61dBm - 29.15dBm = 6.46 dB
RRC setup
35.61 TxPwP35.61 TxPwPDCHDCH
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R = 64 kbit/s service with required DL Eb/No: 4.5dB = 2.82
PtxCPICH: 33dBm = 2 W
= 0.5,
Ptx_total = 37dBm = 5.011 W
Ec/Io (measured by UE + modified by RNC) = -10dB - 6dB= -16dB = 0.025
reported from UE
Initial Code Power of the first Radio Link - Bitmap RN4.0 - Bit 8 option b
Code power for initial access (6/6)
Soc Classification level
32 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Ptx_init = 2.82*64/3840 (1/0.025 2W - 0.5 5.011W) = 3642 mW (35.61 dBm)
WWW
schip
bpsowerInitialDLP 642.3)011,5*5.02*
025.0
1(*
/3840000
64000*82.2==
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Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 options
Initial code power of soft handover branch (1/5)
The aim is to keep the code powers of the radio links equal
In In
each cell of the active set.
Soc Classification level
33 Nokia Siemens Networks /
DL transmit power allocation happens in the following way:
Measured EcNo of AS cell and target cells are available in CRNC
CPICH Ec/No of the best cell is not present in the CRNC
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Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 options
Initial code power of soft handover branch (2/5)
Option a)Option a)
(Measured EcNo of AS cell and target cells are available in CRNC)
6 dB is added to the highest CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported forthe target cell and the active set cells in defining the initial code power value,so that the value equals to -6 dB of the RL specific maximum value at most.
Soc Classification level
34 Nokia Siemens Networks
.
Option b)Option b)
(Measured EcNo of AS cell and target cells are available in CRNC)
Highest CPICH Ec/No value, which UE has reported for the target cell and the
active set cells, is used directly in defining the initial code power value so thatthe value equals to -6 dB of the RL specific maximum value at most.
(This is the original RU10 implementation.)
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It is all about bit 2a parameter in PRFILEIt is all about bit 2a parameter in PRFILE
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 option a)
PwR(dBm)
Option a)If measured Ec/No of AS cell and target cells areavailable in RNC, than 6 dB is addedthan 6 dB is added to the highestCPICH Ec/No value, which UE has re orted for the
Ec/No = MIN(Ec/No + 6 dB, 0)
Less required Ec/Io or QoS forSHO branch less powerneeded. This feature will increase
-
RLPwR config.RLPwR config.
-- not used for add Window changenot used for add Window change
Initial code power of soft handover branch (3/5)
Soc Classification level
35 Nokia Siemens Networks /
SHO E1Areport from UE
RSSI
CPICH RSCP
coverage
Target cell
target cell and the active set cells in defining the initial
code power value so that the value "equals" to -- 6 dB of6 dB ofthe RL specific maximum PwRthe RL specific maximum PwR.
. -risk on radio link failure (DCH)
Ec/No Ec/Io
6 dB offsetTarget cell
SHO E1Areport from UE
117.5 mW/ 822.5 mW =Only 15% PwR for RL
(DCH) needed ,improves capacity
RSCP DCHDCH
offsetoffset of 8.45of 8.45dB for DCHdB for DCHwithin ASwithin AS
+6 dB+6 dBEc/Io upEc/Io up
sensitivity
29.15 dBm - 20.70 dBm= 8.45 dB
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R = 64 kbit/s service with required DL Eb/No: 4.5dB = 2.82
PtxCPICH: 33dBm = 2 W
= 0.5,
Ptx_total = 37dBm = 5.011 W
Ec/Io (measured by UE + modified by RNC) = -10dB + 6dB= - 4dB = 0.4
reported from UE
Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 option a)
Initial code power of soft handover branch (4/5)
Soc Classification level
36 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Ptx_init = 2.82*64/3840 (1/0.4 2W - 0.5 5.011W) = 117.5 mW (20.70 dBm)
mWWWschip
bpsowerInitialDLP 5.117)011,5*5.02*
4.0
1(*
/3840000
64000*82.2==
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Initial Code Power of a SHO Branch RN4.0 - Bit 2 option b)
It is all about a bit 2 parameter in PRFILEIt is all about a bit 2 parameter in PRFILE
This feature works correctThis feature works correctwith MML Bit 2b, no offsetwith MML Bit 2b, no offset
for initial RRC RL setupfor initial RRC RL setup
Option b)If UE measured Ec/No of AS cell and targetcells in CRNC, highest CPICH Ec/No value isused in the initial code ower.
Initial code power of soft handover branch (5/5)
Soc Classification level
37 Nokia Siemens Networks /
RSCP CPICH(dBm)
RSSI
RSCP DCHDCH
coverage
Target cell
Initial SHO report from UE
PwR (dBm)
Ec/No
Used directly indefining the initial
code power value -
Feature deactivated
No additional offset is in use !
No offsetNo offset forforDCH within ASDCH within AS
C d ll i (1/2)
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MML example:MML example:
Bit 2
Less PwR for RL improvesquick forcing of HO to newtarget cell, and decrease totalPwR of each RL and increasetotal cell capacity - but due to
Code power allocation summary (1/2)
Soc Classification level
38 Nokia Siemens Networks /
CPICH areaCPICH area
effectively gain for capacity
New shortterm service
area for DCHOne or two links
SHOThreshold
area
This solution is "eating" for set up of first RL high power. In case of low SHO probability - toomuch reserved PwR for RL set up at cell edge, this PwR is missing for NRT service on cellcentre; (NRT services needs more PwR)
C d ll ti (2/2)
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Bit 8
No change
Change here
Code power allocation summary (2/2)Parameter settings and conclusion
Soc Classification level
39 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Bit 2
No change
Change here
HSDPA Quality (1/8)
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HSDPA Quality (1/8)
Inner loop PC
DL DCH
UE calculates SIR valuesand compares BLER
Power
commandup/down
HS-DSCH RL-Adaptation/AMCDCH
RL PwR
PC
R99
BLER-targetRNC/via DCHRRC signalling
HS-SCCH
R99 power control and HSDPA link adaptation
Soc Classification level
40 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Iub
UE sends CQI values toW-BTS (based onevaluation of CPICH Ec/Iovalues
HSDPA
target values from RNC
via DPCCH (DL). UE usedautonomic CRC check &BER for DPDCHestimation & PC feedback
via DPCCH (UL)
R99
DPCCH (PC)
HS-DPCCHOuter loop
link adaptation(correction of CQI,
internal - NACK/ACK,
HSDPA packet,HARQ)
CQI/TBS
(inner loop)
HSDPAAMC
Resourcemanagement:
RNC dynamic
code allocation,Dynamic powerallocation
BLER adaptation/at AC
HSDPA/R99
BLER target adjustableBLER target adjustableonly for R99only for R99
HSPA hard codedHSPA hard coded
HSDPA Quality (2/8)
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HSDPA Channels
HS-PDSCHHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-PDSCHHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCH -
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HS-PDSCHHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-PDSCHHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCH -
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HSDPA Quality (2/8)
Soc Classification level
41 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Fast power control in dependence onCQI Feedback of UE
Fast power control parallel to DPCCHwith offset for CQI ACK/NACK
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
HSDPA Quality (3/8)
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Link adaptation on HS-PDSCH
Link adaptation algorithm UE monitors Ec/Io and learns about HS-PDSCH
transmission power (PHS-PDSCH SIG )
UE converts Ec/Io to CQI measured based on
internal algorithm UE reports CQI every 4 ms (NSN solution)
Node B corrects reported CQI measured to CQIcompensated based on
- - --
HSDPA Quality (3/8)
Soc Classification level
42 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Number of ACK and NACK
Node B decides about transport block size fornext sub-frame
Modulation
Coding rate
Number of codes
-High-Speed Physical DL Shared ChannelHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
-High-Speed Physical DL Shared ChannelHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
Iub
HSDPA Quality (4/8)
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CQI inner loop benchmark
new Es/Ionew Es/Io
BandwidthBandwidth
CQICQI
RSSIRSSIPwRPwR
HSHS
DSCHDSCH
Es/IoEs/Io
HSDPA connection re-transmission originatesfrom: MAC-hs layer between UE and Node B(HARQ)
AMC (QPSK/16 QAM, & convolution) - no PC
HSDPA Quality (4/8)
Soc Classification level
43 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Link adaptations
QPSK
16 QAM
HSDPA Quality (5/8)
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CQI outer loop benchmark with HARQ
HARQHARQretransmission stepsretransmission steps
Es/NoEs/No
MoreMoreretransmissionsretransmissions
Outer loop link adaptation
ACK received transmission ofa packet
NACK/ACK receivedtransmission of a packet
HSDPA Quality (5/8)
Soc Classification level
44 Nokia Siemens Networks /
convolutionNET 3 retransmissions3 retransmissions
Incremental redundancy = more Gp (processing gain)
Es/NoEs/No
HSHS
DSCHDSCH
GpGp
RSSIRSSI
convolutionNET
Es/NoEs/No
HSHS
DSCHDSCH
RSSIRSSI
convolutionNET
HSHS
DSCHDSCH
RSSIRSSI
less BLERless BLER
RLC layer between UE andRNC
TCP layer between UE andapplication server
HSDPA Quality (6/8)
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CQIMEASURED = 3233 bits per TB (117 K)e.g. PHS-PDSCH SIG = 37 dBm
CQI compensation makes it difficult to map reported CQI from UE log filesinto expected HSDPA transport block size
=
CQI benchmark with compensation
HSDPA Quality (6/8)
Soc Classification level
45 Nokia Siemens Networks /
e.g. PHS-PDSCH TRUE = 40 dBm
X = (40 37) dB = 3 dBCQICOMPENSATED = 3 + 3 = 6461 bits per TB (230 K)
in high-speed downlink packet access,
an indicator of the relative instantaneouschannel quality that is calculated usingthe transmission time interval andinstantaneous and relative channelthroughput
HSDPA Quality (7/8)
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--
Automatic PwR management
process no individual
improvement possible
CQI based power control on HS-SCCH
HSDPA Quality (7/8)
Soc Classification level
46 Nokia Siemens Networks /
-High-Speed Physical DL Shared ChannelHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
-High-Speed Physical DL Shared ChannelHigh-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
HS-SCCHShared Control Channel for HS-DSCH
associated DCHDedicated Channel
associated DCHDedicated Channel
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
HS-DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Channel (UL) for HS-DSCH
Iub
Outer loop PCInner loop PC
HSDPA Quality (8/8)
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6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
CQI Class CQI cdf
CQI 27 is10.8 Mbps atBLER 10%
9.8 MbpsCQI 28 is11.7 Mbps atBLER 10%10.7 Mbps
Most typical
CQI= 22
DPA* improved
CQI benchmark example
HSDPA Quality (8/8)
Soc Classification level
47 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Look at CQI distribution- better throughput with higher CQI
0.00%
2.00%
.
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
0
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
1
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
2
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
3
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
4
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
5
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
6
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
7
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion-Class
8
Repo
rtedCQ
IDistribu
tion
-Class
9
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
10
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
11
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
12
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
13
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
14
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
15
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution-Class
16
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
17
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
18
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
19
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
20
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
21
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
22
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
23
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
24
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
25
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
26
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
27
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
28
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
29
Repo
rtedCQ
IDist
ribution
-Class
30
0.00%
20.00%
.
6W->12W) CQI by 3dB
*DPA = Dynamic Power Allocation
HSUPA Quality (1/3)
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Comparing ofSIR target /SIR measured
in W-BTS
For R99/R6
AGCH, RGCH (PwR ratio)
Fast Link adaptation
HSUPA (DL)
R99
UE calculates SIRtarget & BLER/BERfor DCH (OLPC)
R99and E-DCH(OLPC)targets/differences
HSUPA
E-AGCH/E-RGCH isrelative to PtxCPICH!
AGCH, RGCH ->
E-TFC selection
HSUPA link adaptation and power control
SU Qua ty ( /3)
Soc Classification level
48 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Fast Link adaptation (UL)
Happy bits, E-DPCCH
Scheduling info E-DPDCH
HSUPA (UL)
IubInner loop PC
Outer loop PCDPCCH (R99)
SIR measured
E-DPCCH (R6)
SIR measured
Resourcemanagement:
RNC dynamiccode allocation,Dynamic powerallocation
BLER adaptation/at AC
HSUPA/R99
BLER (defined by RNC)
(frame protocol) SIRtarget send to W-BTS
SIR TARGET min/max for R99 adjustable onlySIR TARGET min/max for R99 adjustable only
HSUPA Quality (2/3)
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SchedulingGrants
E-AGCH
Absolute Grant: E-RNTI & max. power ratio E-DPDCH/DPCCH
E-RGCHRelative Grant: UP / HOLD / DOWN
E-DPCCH - -
Node B
Scheduling Request
Scheduling information (MAC-e) or happy bit (E-DPCCH)
SchedulingGrants
E-AGCH
Absolute Grant: E-RNTI & max. power ratio E-DPDCH/DPCCH
E-RGCHRelative Grant: UP / HOLD / DOWN
E-DPCCH - -
Node B
Scheduling Request
Scheduling information (MAC-e) or happy bit (E-DPCCH)
y ( )
HSUPA Channels
Soc Classification level
49 Nokia Siemens Networks /
UE
, ,
E-DPDCHUser data & CRC
E-HICHACK/NACK
UE
, ,
E-DPDCHUser data & CRC
E-HICHACK/NACK
UE determines gain factor ed,k based on maximum Aedgiven by service grant and selected E-TFC
HSUPA Quality (3/3)
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HSUPA benchmark (link adaptation)
Fast Link Adaptation
new C/Inew C/I
RTWPRTWP
AGHAGH
RGHRGH
PwRPwR
EE--DCHDCH
C/IC/I
OLP SIR target R99/R6OLP SIR target R99/R6
Change of SIR target basedon difference current BLERrelated to target BLER
new SIR targetnew SIR target
PwRPwR
Outer Loop PC
y ( )
Soc Classification level
50 Nokia Siemens Networks /
E-DPDCHked = c* AedE-DPDCHked = c* Aed
e.g. from 26 to27 for RGCH
Transmissionpower offset ofthe E-AGCH/E-RGCH is relativeto PtxCPICH!
BandwidthBandwidth
BandwidthBandwidth
RTWPRTWPEE--DCHDCH
Comparing ofSIR target /SIR measuredin W-BTS
For R99/R6
DPCCH (R99)
SIR measured
E-DPCCH (R6)
SIR measured
AMR features (1/3)
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( )
Coverage enhancement
Definition:
Procedure for the AMR speechcodec that is used to select the
most appropriate speech andchannel codec mode to apply ata given time.
PwRPwR(dBm)(dBm)
Receved powerReceved power
DCHDCH
RSSIRSSI
Soc Classification level
51 Nokia Siemens Networks /
With strong codec moreprocessing will improvecoverage area.
distancedistance
Min sensitivity AMR
Min sensitivity no AMR
Coverage improvement
due to more processing
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AMR features (3/3)
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Quality improvement
QoS class Radio Access Bearer
Speech AMR 12.2
AMR (12.2, 7.95, 5.90, 4.75)
AMR (5.90, 4.75)
AMR-WB (12.65, 8.85, 6.6)
CS Conversational CS C DCH:64/DCH:64
New:
AMR related to load -standard Codec
4.75 / 5.9 / 7.95 / 12.2 andenhanced 6.6 / 8.85 /
Soc Classification level
53 Nokia Siemens Networks /
QoS class Radio Access Bearer
PS Interactive / Background
PS I/B DCH/DCHPS I/B DCH(16,64,128,384)/DL:HS-DSCH
PS I/B UL:E-DCH/DL:HS-DSCH
PS Streaming PS S DCH(8,16,32,64,128)/DCH(8,16,32,64,128,256)
PS S DCH(16,64,128)/DL:HS-DSCH
PS S UL:E-DCH/DL:HS-DSCH
CS Streaming
CS S DCH(14.4)/DCH(14.4)
CS S DCH(57.6)/DCH(57.6)
Different criterion atAdmission Control for
CS speech and PSstreaming (StreamingLoad = Semi-controllable load)
.
Air interface and neighbour optimization
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Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
ImprovementImprovement
accomplishedaccomplished
Soc Classification level
54 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Content
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Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
Propagation Delay
Neighbour optimization methods
Adjacency based measurements
NetAct tools (optimiser)
Soc Classification level
55 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Propagation delay counters (1/3)
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Range 60 km (this is fixed in RAS06)
bin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
from(m) 0 234 468 936 1170 1638 2106 3042 3978 4914 6084 7020 7956 10062 14976 19890 25038 29952 34866 40014 50076
PROP_DELAY (from) 0 1 2 4 5 7 9 13 17 21 26 30 34 43 64 85 107 128 149 171 214
to(m) 234 468 936 1170 1638 2106 3042 3978 4914 6084 7020 7956 10062 14976 19890 25038 29952 34866 40014 50076 infinite
PROP_DELAY (to) 0 1 3 4 6 8 12 16 20 25 29 33 42 63 84 106 127 148 170 213
bin size(m) 234 234 468 234 468 468 936 936 936 1170 936 936 2106 4914 4914 5148 4914 4914 5148 10062
1 PD step at Iub =1 PD step at Iub =
PRACH delay classes
For PRACHDelayRange = 60 km
Soc Classification level
56 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Remember !Remember !
Multipath delays due tomultipath propagation (1 s 300 m path difference).Components with delay
separation more than 1 chip(0.260 s = 78 m) can beseparated and combined.
Via interface Iub PD isgiven with 3 chip resolutiononly.
78 m x 3 = 234 m distance78 m x 3 = 234 m distance
Distance (PD with 3 chipresolution)
P-RACH
PRACH propagation delay statistics is presented
using a distribution consisting of 21 countersM1006C128-M1006C148.
Propagation delay counters (2/3)
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One of the counters is updated by value 1 when the UEsends RRC Connection Request or RRC Cell Update.
Each counter covers one or more PROP_DELAY values
and the mapping of measured values to counters can becontrolled by WCEL parameter PRACHDelayRangethat
defines five different mapping tables for various cell sizes(5, 10, 20, 60 and 180 km)
Soc Classification level
57 Nokia Siemens Networks /
M1006C128 the number of propagation delay values reported by BTS in which thedelay is in class 0 range
Classes from 0 to 20
Estimating of UE BTS distancesbased on PRACHpropagationdelay
Class 2seenext slide (from468 to 936 m)
Propagation delay counters (3/3)
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300000
400000
500000
600000
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
average
PRACH example, RNC level, 2 weeks data
Main Distance 468-936 m
Soc Classification level
58 Nokia Siemens Networks /
0
100000
200000
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_0
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_1
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_2
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_3
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_4
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_5
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_6
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_7
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_8
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_9
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_10
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_11
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_12
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_13
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_14
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_15
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_16
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_17
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_18
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_19
PRAC
H_DE
LAY_
CLAS
S_20
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
Propagation delay analysis RT versus NRT
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It should be verified, whethercells showing distant accesshave fragmented dominanceoutside the intended cell area
(introduced e.g. by reflectiondue to the hilly terrain).
Furthermore it should be
RT/NRT services monitored at Iub
Soc Classification level
59 Nokia Siemens Networks
proved, whether with a higher
setting of the open loop powercontrol parameter PRACHRequired Received C/I(default = -25 dB, e.g. shift to -20 dB) unwanted distant accesswill be avoided.
TOOearly
Access
1 chip approx. 78 m120 chips approx. 936 m
Propagation delay analysis user mobility and cell overlap (1/2)
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Worst cell during late afternoon
Average little i = 8.2
Impact of cell performance
Soc Classification level
60 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Most access requests at cell edge
Check PRACH settings, not only strongestinterferers
Propagation delay / 3 chips
Propagation delay analysis user mobility and cell overlap (2/2)
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Soc Classification level
61 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Now most access requestsclose to Node B
Take into account mobilityof the UEs Worst cell much better in the morning
Average little i = 1.5
Propagation delay / 3 chips
Air interface and neighbour optimization
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Propagation Delay
Soc Classification level
62 Nokia Siemens Networks /
DelayDelay
improvedimproved
Air interface and neighbor optimization
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Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
Propagation Delay
Neighbour optimization methods
- Neighbour evaluation- Cell matrix structure
- Cell overshooting
-
Soc Classification level63 Nokia Siemens Networks /
- Combined neighbour lists
Adjacency based measurements
NetAct tools (optimiser)
Neighbour evaluation (1/2)
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Adjacency Based Measurements
Each cell has its own neighbouring cell list initiallydefined by radio network planning. This is a list of thoseneighbouring cells to which handover can be made.
The results of neighbour cell measurements can be used
to optimise those lists. The benefits of optimised lists arebetter call quality and shorter handover delays.
RNC
Serving
BTS
UEs
Soc Classification level64 Nokia Siemens Networks /
missing from actual definitionmissing from actual definition
Locate and delete unused adjacenciesLocate and delete unused adjacencies
Identify and optimise badly performingIdentify and optimise badly performingadjacenciesadjacencies
Neighbour evaluation (2/2)
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First evaluate Ec/Io and little i ofFirst evaluate Ec/Io and little i ofserving cell due to overlap withserving cell due to overlap withnearby cellsnearby cells
Then check neighbour list to detectThen check neighbour list to detectstrong nearby cells not defined asstrong nearby cells not defined asadjacencies yetadjacencies yet
Soc Classification level65 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Neighbour candidatesNeighbour candidates
-- # SC of CPICH canditates (visable)
- Ec/Io, RSCP- Propagation delay (distance)- # of reportings- Intra/inter Node B relations
own
other
powerRxTotalpowerRxTotali____
ceinterferencellownceinterferencellother
==
Cell matrix structure (1/2)
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ExampleExample,153 from total 163 event
1A reports indicate ADJSC 25The average additionwindow offset is only 1.24
Soc Classification level66 Nokia Siemens Networks /
e a r x repor s ow a acen cee a r x repor s ow a acen ceproperties in particular serving cell:properties in particular serving cell:
N (number) - Serving cell visibility =Number of 1a reports indicating serving cell
ADJ DL SC DL SC of adjacent cell ADJ N (number) - Adjacent cell visibility =
Number of 1a reports indicating adjacent cell
ADJ WIN_E1A - Average adjacent cellwindow offset (dB)
ADJ i - Adjacent cell Little i * visibility INTRA - Adjacent cell is from same site asserving cell
dB, recommended
parameter setting is 4 dB-too late access to thiscell-too much overlap withthis cell
Visibility =
Number of reportsindicating neighbour n /
Total number of reports
Cell matrix structure (2/2)
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Frequently reported
But not very strong
Very strong
But fortunately veryseldom reported
Very seldom reported
AND very weak
Remove from neighbor list
Soc Classification level67 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Check e.g. for localreflection
Frequently reportedAND very strong
Check downtilt of neighbors
Check overshooting of neighbors
Check user distribution in server
Check SHO performance in server
Cell overshooting (1/2)
Low cell quality due to distant interferer overshooting problem
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Low cell quality due to distant interferer overshooting problem
CPICH
Soc Classification level68 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Identify and optimise badly performing adjacenciesIdentify and optimise badly performing adjacencies
Too much Interference power from cell out of the clusterToo much Interference power from cell out of the cluster
(LOS / low path loss problem)(LOS / low path loss problem)
Cell overshooting (2/2)
Example
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Example
Number of RRC connection setups in cell 12671
Extremely distantaccess because ofstreet can on effect
Soc Classification level69 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Cell overlap and impact for RT/NRT traffic (1/2)
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0.60.6
0.250.25
00
0.50.5
Little i values indicates grade ofcell power overlap.
More overlap -> less throughputper cell
0.750.751.51.5
510 kbps (I = 1.5) /850 kbps (i = 0.75)= 67% more throughput
Soc Classification level70 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Two times better little i2/3 more speed per cell !
850 Kbps850 Kbps
510 Kbps510 Kbps
Little i = 1,Little i = 1,ThroughputThroughput
710 Kbps710 Kbps
1150 Kbps, e.g little i 0.61150 Kbps, e.g little i 0.6
Cell overlap and impact for RT/NRT traffic (2/2)
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Example of DL/ULdistribution of differentservices with fixed littlei value
From number of trunks-> CE equivalent
Soc Classification level71 Nokia Siemens Networks /
3 users a 384 k =3 users a 384 k =1200 Kbps1200 Kbps
Dashed lines = ULSolid lines = DL
Combined neighbour lists (1/2)Neighbour list combination procedure-
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Active Set may contain cells, which are not necessary adjacencies with each other.
The list of cells to be measured is send by the RNC in a MEASUREMENT CONTROLmessage and is changed at every Active Set Update. The RNC then combinesthe Neighbour lists according to the following rules:
1. Active set cells are included
2. Nei hbour cells which are common to three active set cells are included
SHO/ISHO to undefined neighbour possible
Soc Classification level72 Nokia Siemens Networks /
3. Neighbours which are common to the controlling cell and a second active setcell are included. (cell, other than the controlling cell, which has the highestCPICH Ec/Io)
4. Neighbour cells which are common to two active set cells are included
5. Neighbour cells which are defined for only one active set cell are included
6. Neighbours which are defined only for the second ranked cell are included7. Neighbours which are defined only for the third ranked cell are included
If the total number of cells to be measured exceeds the maximum value of 32 during any step thenhandover control stops the Neighbour list generation
Combined neighbour lists (2/2)
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Because of the combination explained inthe previous slide, it is possible to measure
handover activity between 2 cells which donot have an adjacency defined betweenthem.
Neighboured1
23 4
5
Neighboured1
23 4
5
Soc Classification level73 Nokia Siemens Networks /
-adjacencies exist between cells 2-6 and 6-7, but not between 2-7. Activity ismeasured when the lists of cells 2 and 6are combined and 7 can be added, while 2is still the best cell in the Active Set. The
same effect applies for Inter-System listcombining
Not neighboured
6
7
89
UE path
Not neighboured
6
7
89
UE path
Air interface and neighbour optimizationNeighbour optimization methods
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Soc Classification level74 Nokia Siemens Networks /
I found my new
neighbour but he is stillless strong than me!
Content
Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
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Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
Propagation Delay
Neighbour optimization methods
Adjacency based measurements
- Advanced measurement methods for adjacencies and adjacent cell interference
- Filters and SHO window analysis
Soc Classification level75 Nokia Siemens Networks /
NetAct tools (optimiser)
Advanced measurement methods
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SHO + DSR measurements RSCP over Ec/Io analysis
Little i distribution and service detection SHO/HHO share
Soc Classification level76 Nokia Siemens Networks /
SHO + DSR measurements (1/2)
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Also non-neighbours can be measured with DSR. Both - incoming andongoing interference levels can be studied with certain cell pairs.
Interference information is based on UE measurements where the
signal strength and quality of every Primary Scrambling code isreported to RNC.
Soc Classification level77 Nokia Siemens Networks /
non-neighbour
Detected set measurements are notcoming from undefined neighbours(based on ICSU logs)
It is possible to see WCDMA internalinternalinterference situationinterference situation of certain cellwhich is caused by other WCDMAcaused by other WCDMA cells(in terms of distance, RSCP and Ec/Io).
SHO + DSR measurements (see also tool optimizer)
SHO + DSR measurements (2/2)
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The analysis shows for example the number of measured adjacencies withnumber of reports (SHO + DSR measurements) and if it is neighbour or not.
If there is lot of reports from non-neighbour cell it would make sense to add itto the neighbour, at least if the distance is reasonable and if the RSCP levels
are high. This will mean that the cell could be interferer, especially if there isnot much SHOs (low SHO share %) to that cell (even with SHO combination).
DSR resultfrom no
Soc Classification level78 Nokia Siemens Networks /
neighbour
RSCP,EcNocriteria
Ec/Io versus RSCP in DL
Ec/Io over RSCP analysis (1/3)
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PwRPwR
(dBm)(dBm)
Ec/Io over RSCP will decreaseEc/Io over RSCP will decreaseover the entire area of the cellover the entire area of the cell
Break pointBreak pointto initiate HO eventsto initiate HO eventsEc/IoEc/Io
RSSIRSSI
Soc Classification level79 Nokia Siemens Networks /
distancedistance
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
RSCPRSCP
RSCPRSCP
RNC level
Ec/Io over RSCP analysis (2/3)
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-80
-70
(SHOarea) Good coverage and qualityGood coverage, but bad quality
(interference problem with high
optimization demand)
Each point in diagram indicates average performance of a cell
Soc Classification level80 Nokia Siemens Networks /
-110
-100
-90
-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6
Average Ec/Io (SHO area)
AverageRS
C
Bad coverage and quality
(coverage problem with
high optimisation demand)
Bad coverage, but good quality
(coverage problem with
low optimisation demand)
Ec/Io over RSCP analysis (3/3)
Cell level
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EC/I0 per call
RT calls (red)
Each point in diagram indicates single measurement report
Soc Classification level81 Nokia Siemens Networks /
RSCP per callTypical breakpoint around RSCP = -100 dBm
NRT calls (green)
little i = cell overlap by Tx power
Little i distribution and service detection (1/8)
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Rx power
E /I cell centre
i = 0.3 i = 1.0
Soc Classification level82 Nokia Siemens Networks /
WBTS 1
EC/I0 cell edge
WBTS 2
Little i distribution and service detection (2/8)
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Other to own cell interferenceOther to own cell interference
ratio (i) in each cell:ratio (i) in each cell:
Little i shows stable and goodinterference situations with low overlap
Ratio of neighbour cell interferenceto own cell interference, measured in initial cellInitial cell interference detection
within each cell
Soc Classification level83 Nokia Siemens Networks /
o power rom ne g or ce s.
Quality is good in case of values lessthen following values:Macro cells 0.6Micro cell 0.2
CELL A
CELL B
CELL C
RNC level
Little i distribution and service detection (3/8)
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Performance duringmorning at RNC level
Number of cells versus average little i
Soc Classification level84 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Performance duringlate afternoon
Average little i within example area typicallyaround 1
In general too much overlap between the cells
Overall statistic looks stable in dependence ontime
Little i distribution and service detection (4/8)
RNC level
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The cell level interference performanceis very unstable (high little i derivation)
Little i varies in the average by 1!
Main reason is mobilit of the users
--11 +1+1
Approx. 90 % # of cellsApprox. 90 % # of cells
(confidence interval)(confidence interval)
Number of cells versus CHANGE of average little I during the course of the day
Soc Classification level85 Nokia Siemens Networks /
(see discussion under propagation
delay)
Little i distribution and service detection (5/8)
RNC level
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2
3
S)
Speech (CS) services within
cells are situated in most casesin areas of higher interferencelevel
Each point in diagram indicates average performance of a cellLittle i for CS services versus little I for PS services
Soc Classification level86 Nokia Siemens Networks /
0
1
0 1 2 3
Average little i (PS)
Averagelittlei(C
Conclusion:Conclusion:
Cell shrinking effect moreeffecting in PS services !
For PS services in most
cases less interferencethan for CS ones
Little i distribution and service detection (6/8)
RNC level
N b f ll SHO b bili f CS / PS i
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SHO overhead: again impact of cell shrinking
More effecting in PS services !Cells starts decreasing of coverage
Number of cells versus SHO probability for CS / PS services
Soc Classification level87 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Little i distribution and service detection (7/8)
Geographical distribution of little i within a small network
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Soc Classification level88 Nokia Siemens Networks /
High little i values between neighboring sites and neighboring sectors only
In most areas good performance
Little i distribution and service detection (8/8)
Geographical distribution of the SCATTER of little i within a small network
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Soc Classification level
89 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Strong scatter especially in areas with high building density
Very low scatter in open areas
Example shows high LNF impacts
Causes
CPICH pollution
high power consumption
alternating / temporary IMP
SHO/HHO share provides distribution of HO attempts from the source cell
SHO/HHO share (1/2)
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Useful detect neighbour relations which has exceptional amount of attempts
It is possible to get the total number of outgoing HO attempts from the AutodefHOmeasurements by taking a sum over all the adjacencies reported for a
source cell
SHO HO Share (M1013 AutoDef SHO)
Soc Classification level
90 Nokia Siemens Networks /
IFHO HO Share (M1014 AutoDef IFHO)
ISHO HO Share (M1015 AutoDef ISHO)
)_____(______
)_____(*100903___
ATTSHOFREQINTRAADJSHOcellthefromadjaalloverSum
ATTSHOFREQINTRAADJSHOsumaRNCShareSHO =
)_____(______
)_____(*100904___
ATTHHOFREQINTERADJHHOcellthefromadjaalloverSum
ATTHHOFREQINTERADJHHOsumaRNCShareIFHO =
)_____(______
)_____(*100905___
ATTHHOSYSINTERADJHOcellthefromadjaalloverSum
ATTHHOSYSINTERADJHOsumaRNCShareISHO =
SHO/HHO share (2/2)
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The SHO/HHO success rate per adjacency can be calculated by using formulas below
Can be used to detect badly performing neighbours
SHO Success per Adjacency (M1013 AutoDef SHO)
)_____(
)_____(*100900_____
ATTSHOFREQINTRAADJSHOsum
COMPLSHOFREQINTRAADJSHOsumaRNCADJSpersuccessSHO =
Soc Classification level
91 Nokia Siemens Networks /
IFHO Success per Adjacency (M1014 AutoDef IFHO)
ISHO Success per Adjacency (M1015 AutoDef ISHO)
)_____(
)_____(*100901_____
ATTHHOFREQINTERADJHHOsum
COMPHHOFREQINTERADJHHOsumaRNCADJIpersuccessIFHO =
)_____(
)_____(*100902_____
ATTHHOSYSINTERADJHOsum
COMPLHHOSYSINTERADJHOsumaRNCADJGpersuccessISHO =
SHO ping-pong
Filters and SHO window analysis (1/7)
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In some cells (= best active cell)we detect the following:
many active set updates during an
ongoing call !
Check:
Soc Classification level
92 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Signalling performance
CPICH pollution Layer 3 filtering coefficient SHO Ping-Pong
Number of cells
Too late event 1A reporting
Reference PAR
4 dB addition window
Filters and SHO window analysis (2/7)
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Number of cells
RT calls (red)
NRT calls (green)
Check:
Layer 3 filtering
Addition time
Soc Classification level
93 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Average EC/I0 difference: Serving cell best neighbor
Initial event 1a report is transmitted, the best adjacent cell is compared with the server
Often this offset is already much lower (stronger neighbor impact) than according theaddition window recommendations especially for NRT calls!
This means too late access with new neighbor ship (active set update)!
Too late event 1B reporting
Number of cells
Filters and SHO window analysis (3/7)
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u be o ce s
RT calls (red)
NRT calls (green)
Check:
Layer 3 filtering
Soc Classification level
94 Nokia Siemens Networks /
First event 1b report is transmitted, the best active cell is compared with the worst one
Often this offset is already much bigger than according the drop windowrecommendations!
This means too late drop of the worst active cell (active set update)!
Average EC/I0 difference: Best active cell worst active cellReference PAR
6 dB drop window
Consequences of too late event 1A trigger:Consequences of too late event 1A trigger:
RRC connection might be released, as due to too late E1A RRC release margin might be exceeded!
Filters and SHO window analysis (4/7)
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g , g g If RRC release margin is not applied, call might drop nevertheless due to high adjacent cell interference, as
neighbor already dominates, which is still not active
Solution:Solution:
Shift Ec/Io filter coefficient e.g. down from 600ms to 400 ms Low addition window size < 4 dB reduces SHO area > coverage gaps are produced because of too small
overlap area between the cells
Soc Classification level
95 Nokia Siemens Networks /
CELL ANeighbour then new serving
CELL BServing
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
Too late trigger from cell B to cell AToo late trigger from cell B to cell A
Strong dominance area(quality, RSCP)
SHO areaSHO area
RRC Release Margin, due to too high
interference area (NSN default: neighbour 2.5till 3.5 dB stronger then serving cell)
+ 3 dB
Drop of Ec/Io quality because of too late event 1A triggering
Filters and SHO window analysis (5/7)
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lowlowInterferenceInterference
Neighbor cell up to 18dB stronger than serving cell !!Neighbor cell up to 18dB stronger than serving cell !!
Release margin
E1A tri ered in time
Soc Classification level
96 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Event 1A window size versus Ec/Io quality within individual cellEvent 1A window size versus Ec/Io quality within individual cell
Too late E1A triggerToo small SHO area
Release margin or very low quality will drop UE
HighHigh
InterferenceInterference
Enough overlap between cells
Acceptable quality
EcNoFilterCoefficient (FMCS)EcNoFilterCoefficient (FMCS)
Filter coefficient improvement
EcNoAveragingWindow (FMCS)EcNoAveragingWindow (FMCS)
EcNoAveragingWindowaveraging by RNCHOPS ; 1..32; 1; 8
Filters and SHO window analysis (6/7)
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EcNoFilterCoefficient (FMCS)EcNoFilterCoefficient (FMCS)
Defines the filtering period for intraDefines the filtering period for intra--frequency CPICH Ec/Io measurements usedfrequency CPICH Ec/Io measurements usedby UE (default = 600ms)by UE (default = 600ms)
Filter response
0t 1 3 5 7 9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
Filter response
0
t 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3
EcNoAveragingWindow (FMCS)EcNoAveragingWindow (FMCS)
Defines the number of event triggered or periodic intraDefines the number of event triggered or periodic intrafrequency measurement reports used by RNC to calculatefrequency measurement reports used by RNC to calculateaveraged CPICH Ec/Io (default = 8 Measurements)averaged CPICH Ec/Io (default = 8 Measurements)
Soc Classification level
97 Nokia Siemens Networks /
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
Measurements
Value,
dB Measured
Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 5
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
Measurements
Value,
dB Measured
Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 5
Delay of fast changes
EcNoFilterCoefficientfiltering by UE
FMCS; 0.2..1.6; 0.2; 0.6 s
LOS
Non LOS = strong LNF
Filter coefficient improvement
No SHO initiated due to too strong filter setting and too long filtering period
Filters and SHO window analysis (7/7)
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g g g g p Shift Ec/Io filter coefficient from 600 ms to 400 ms
Shortens filter coefficient averaging and evaluation of Ec/Io values
Will respect better strong LNF impacts by more alternating of Ec/Io within short period
Less good Ec/Io reports within serving cell will force quicker initiating of SHO therefore SHO area will
be increased But too low filter period produced very unstable Ec/Io values
Will increase probability of ping pong at drop window (SHO area decrease)
Soc Classification level
98 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Air interface and neighbour optimization
Adjacency based measurements
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Soc Classification level
99 Nokia Siemens Networks /
less CPICHmeasurements per day
can improve my personal
performance moreefficient
Content
Air interface improvement potentials (QoS)
Propagation Delay
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p g y
Neighbour optimization methods
Adjacency based measurements
NetAct tools (optimiser)
- Adjacency based measurement counters
Soc Classification level
100 Nokia Siemens Networks /
- Automated adjacency optimization
- Example: SHO success at RNC border
Adjacency Based Measurements Counters
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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j y
M1013 Autodef SHO
M1013C0 Number of Intra Frequency SHO attempts Counter is Updated when SRNC starts a Branch Addition or Branch Replacement procedure.
M1013C1 Number of completed Intra Frequency SHO Counter is updated when SRNC successfully ends the Branch Addition or Branch Replacement
procedure.
Soc Classification level
101 Nokia Siemens Networks /
M1014C0 Number of Inter Frequency HHO attempts
Counter is updated when SRNC starts inter-frequency HHO M1014C1 Number of completed Inter Frequency HHO
Counter is updated when SRNC successfully ends inter-frequency HHO
M1015 Autodef ISHO
M1015C0 Number of Inter System HHO attempts
Counter is updated when SRNC starts inter-system HHO
M1015C1 Number of completed Inter System HHO Counter is update when SRNC receives RANAP:IU RELEASE COMMAND from core network after
successful Inter System HHO
For each measurements (SHO, IFHOand ISHO) Statistic show:Adjacency Based Measurements Counters
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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and ISHO) Statistic show:
# of HO attempts
# of HO completed (successful)
to source and target cell objects
Measurement is carried out in SRNC
HO completion is consideredsuccessful if the SRNC during the
Adjacency Based Measurements Counters
Soc Classification level
102 Nokia Siemens Networks /
any errors (errors in the source RNCside or failure messages fromRRC/Iu/Iur/Iub interfaces)
Object identifiers for M1013 and M1014
Source-RNC/Source-CID
Target-RNC/Target-CID
MCC/MNC
Object identifiers for M1015 (ISHO)
Source-RNC/Source-CID
GSM-LAC/GSM-CID
MCC/MNC
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Automated Adjacency Optimisation for 3G in Optimizer 2.0
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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Soc Classification level
104 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Creating new adjacencies
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
A fast way to identify missing intra-frequencyadjacencies
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adjacencies
Interference measurements colleted fromRNC
New adjacencies can be created based onthat statistics
Soc Classification level
105 Nokia Siemens Networks /
lists
for other adjacency types Optimizer creates adjacency candidates
Candidates are downloaded to network andmeasured
Statistics collected directly from RNC Cell pair Ec/No difference
Successful BSIC verifications & BSIC verificationtime
Final adjacency list is generated
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How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-1
1. Select area from the map
and start the ADJ Optimization tool
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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p
Soc Classification level
107 Nokia Siemens Networks /
2. Select ADJG, ADJS and ADJW types
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-2
3 S l t i ht ti f l
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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3. Select right actions from rules,
common Deletion and
Creation tabs
Soc Classification level
108 Nokia Siemens Networks /
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-36. Save plan from here with
any name
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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5. Start from here
Soc Classification level
109 Nokia Siemens Networks /
4. Purpose is to search all ADJS and ADJG newneighbours which are within certain max distance like
1-5 km in urban area and 4-10 km outside urban area.After that only those will be selected which have
enough SHO/ISHO attempts.
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-4
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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7. List all new neighbors
Soc Classification level
110 Nokia Siemens Networks /
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-5 8. Select the whole week
or one day for PM data analysis
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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10. Update the list of
9. Select the right profile tobrowser (ADJG, ADJS)
Soc Classification level
111 Nokia Siemens Networks /
e g ours rom ere
11. Sort according to
the PM attempts
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-612. See the ADJ on top of the map
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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13. Provision the selected neighbors to the network
Soc Classification level
112 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Note ! These neighbors are defined only for one way direction.See next slides how to make those bi-directionally (Refreshactual operation with RAC)
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-7
14. Open the CM data exchange
under the main window
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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under the main window
15. Select refresh actual and wait
Until the data is updated
Soc Classification level
113 Nokia Siemens Networks /
16. Open the adjacency optimization without selecting any
tabs from Deletion or Creation, just to find just created one way ADJx
How to create Missing ADJx based on PM data-8
17. Save the plan and list the planned elements
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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18. You can see now the ADJx neigbours which
can now provisioned to the network
Soc Classification level
114 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Creating ADJx based on DSR measurements (ICSU)
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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Detected set measurements are not coming fromundefined neighbours (based on ICSU logs)
Aim is to find source of interference
cell having many DSR results but no SHO
Soc Classification level
115 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Solutions
Add found cell to the neighbour
Down tilt to decrease the interference
DSR measurements are suitable also for ADJGneighbours
DSR activation
Creating ADJx based on DSR measurements (ICSU)
NetAct tool (Optimiser 2.0)
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When DSR is not activated, UE monitors only cells in its NCL (either read fromBCCH or sent from RNC in SHO case).
When DSR IS activated, UE scans ALL scrambling codes in same frequencyband and if cells are found that fulfil certain criteria, UE reports this/thesecell(s) as detected cells.
Soc Classification level
116 Nokia Siemens Networks /
criteria for detection is that UE has to be able to detect if Ec/N0 is greater than-18 (or -20???) dB
for a DSR to be triggered, detected cell/s must fulfill "normal" HO criteria, i.e.for example, are within the reported range relative to P-CPICH of strongest AScell.
Details of activation :MML command that is sent to RNC that sets some flag
active and RNC orders UE to measure and report. It can be done by HITmacro, but Optimizer is not (supposed to) using them but same commandsthat are in HIT macros are sent directly to RNC.
SHO Success Ratio RNC2 border with RNC3 Data before parameter change
SHO success at RNC border
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Soc Classification level
117 Nokia Siemens Networks /
SHO success at RNC border
SHO Success Ratio RNC2 border with RNC3 Data after parameter change
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Soc Classification level
118 Nokia Siemens Networks /
Air interface and neighbour optimization
NetAct tools (optimiser)
N t d t h l t
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Net doctor can help most
More sports Less smoking, asks
Soc Classification level
119 Nokia Siemens Networks /
e c op m zer
Ec/No for Admission ControlThe cell specific Ec/NoAC could be derived from the reported Ec/NoUE using the formula:
Ec/NoAC = MAX (Ec/NoUE delta, -24dBm)
Where delta is:
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Where delta is:
6 dB if the bit 8 of the PRFILE parameter 007:0283 is set to 0
0dB if the bit 8 of the PRFILE parameter 007:0283 is set to 1
Ptx,init
Soc Classification level
120 Nokia Siemens Networks /
PRFILE parameters
PRFILE = General Parameter File
The system has a group of features which are not included in the basic software ofthe network element delivery
The customer may decide to include them in the software
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The customer may decide to include them in the software
All info about controlling these features is included in PRFILE
One has to keep track of the PRFILE changes since every software upgrade willreturn the default values
Soc Classification level
121 Nokia Siemens Networks
Parameter 007:0283 RN_40_MAINT_013
RNC Maintenance reservation
/
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