ZapinJoget

InfluencesArabicPortuguese folk dances

StructureTaksim: Improvised solo on gambusVocal/Instrumental Melody/Pantun: 2 main contrasting parts AB, further broken down into shorter musical phrases

Wainab/Tahtim: Gambus or Marwas Kopak accompanying throughout Fast tempo Utilizes an extension of the main melodic phrase and a new, loud drumming pattern called the KopakPantum: Poem/Verses to be sung or played 4 Line Stanza Usually each line sung 2 timesTandak: Ending Phrase No specific bars, will go on and on until cue to end music Involve everyone in the dance

Instruments

Melodic/TonalVocalsGambus: - Fretless pear-shaped lute, 11 nylon strings with 5 double courses and a single high string, Strings tuned in 4thsBiola: - 3 stringed bowed lute, Arabic origin, Steel strings, Nylon bow stringsVocalsAccordion: - Box-shaped aerophone, bellows-driven free-reed, played by compressing or expanding the bellows while pressing buttons or keys.Biola

EmbellishmentAccordionHarmoniumFLUTE

AccordionBiola

Metrical StructureRebana: Hand-held single headed drum, Made of taut goat skin, Middle east originsGongMARWAS: Double-headed hand drum, Cylindrical shaped with shallow body- 3 or 4 marwas drummers play in an interlocking style in which each player contributes specific drum sounds on specific beats and in a given rhythm to produce a resultant rhythmic patternPunctuation - Dok: Punctuate certain beats of a given marwas rhythmic pattern, often emphasizing upbeats (or offbeats) Provides greater dynamism to the already syncopated rhythmic patterns in marwas sectionTambourine

RebanaGongAccordion

ModeTetrachordTonal Harmony, Tetrachord

Rhythmic PatternRobust and energeticAccent in 4th beatKopak: Usually played by 3 marwas drummers in an interlocking style Occurs at end of each sung verse, accompanies the final wainab section of the dance

Fast-paced, Syncopated, Lively2/4 timeDuple and triple beat divisionNO KOPAK

Melodic StructureLong/short phrases, balanced in 2 or 4 bar unitsRepeated melody phrases, each ending marked by interlocking rhythm: KOPAK on marwasPhrases (3 times): C A B C

4 beat phrase structureRefrain (cadential phrase)Coda: Fast tempo

TextureHeterophony