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Youth GO! The Singapore
Experience
Ms Lim Sok Ngin, Central Youth Guidance Office
Mr Benjamin Yeo, Fei Yue Youth GO! Team
Mr Martin Chok, Care Corner Youth GO! Team
Scope of presentation
• Policy perspective
• Development of Singapore Street Outreach Service
• Street-Involved Children & Youth in SG
• Localised outreach strategies
• Special Programmes
• Impact of Outreach Service
• Future Considerations
• Q&A
2
Youth GO! – Policy Perspective
State of Youth At Risk in Singapore
4
In mid-1990s, an inter-ministry
committee was formed to tackle youth
crime using an integrated and holistic
approach
Youth arrest
rates doubled
from 1980 to
1990
Youth arrest
rates continued
to rise in early
1990s and
2000s
Youth crime
concerns:
Secret society
involvement,
drug abuse
Youth arrest
rates sharply
declined from
2005 to 2015
Youth arrest rates
stabilised
School drop-out
rates reduced to
below 1% at
present
Risk Concerns Remain…
Drug Abuse
About 40% of drug
abusers arrested in
2018 were first-
time offenders.
About 2/3 of them
were below 30
years old
Teen Suicides
(10 -19 years old)
13 cases in 2014
27 cases in 2015,
22 cases in 2016,
12 cases in 2017
Cyber Addiction
Behavioural problem,
e.g. aggression and
social withdrawal
from addiction to
video gaming, social
media or internet
porn
5
Policy Owner
NCPR CYGO
National Committee on
Prevention, Rehabilitation
and Recidivism • Oversees national efforts to
prevent offending and re-
offending
Central Youth Guidance
Office• Co-secretariat to NCPR
• Inter-ministry office
• Early intervention strategies
• Overview of
programmes/services
6
Key Approaches
ComprehensiveConvenient
and Coordinated
Upstream and Preventive
Evidence-based/
informed strategies
7
Youth-At-Risk Engagement Framework
Use of Risk Assessment Tools
Trained youth workers(Skills Framework for Social Service)
Use of Evidence-based/ informed programmes
Evaluation Tools (ACT! SG)
8
ACT! SG Programme Evaluation Framework
9
Scan QR code to
visit CYGO’s
website to
download the User
Guide and Tools
ACT! SG Programme Evaluation Framework
10
Skills Framework for Social Service
• A SkillsFuture initiative developed for the
Singapore workforce to promote skills
mastery and lifelong learning
• Officially launched on 12 Jan 2019
• Provides useful information on:
To find out more, scan this
QR code to visit
http://www.skillsfuture.sg/
skills-framework/social-
service
Sector
Information
Career
Pathways
Occupations &
Job Roles
Existing &
Emerging Skills
Training
Programmes for
Skills Upgrading
& Mastery
The 5 Career Tracks
11
Youth GO! Programme
What is
Youth
GO!?
Youth workers reach out to youths on the
street
A multi-faceted youth engagement approach
Partnerships with relevant community partners
To support youth-at-risk so that they will be:
a) Meaningfully engaged either in studies/work;
b) Crime-free; and
c) Able to problem-solve and be resilient
individuals
Targeted
outcomes
of YGP
12
Youth GO! Milestones
2012 2015
YGP
continues…
2019
Conceptualisation
of YGP
Appointment of 2
teams – North
East and North
West
2014Appointment of
3rd team – South
West
Completion of
Phase 1
Evaluation
Phase 2
Evaluation
begins
2018
Completion of
Phase 2
Evaluation
13
Where are the Youth GO! Teams?
Service Boundaries
Three Youth GO! Teams: North East, North West and South West
14
Policy Considerations for Youth GO!
Addressing needs of
stakeholders
Addressing needs of youths
Capability of Youth
GO! Workers
Need for evaluation
to understand processes & outcomes
15
Youth Outreach – Distinct Service Model
Youth
outreach
Case
management
Drop-in Centre Befriending &
mentoring
Client selection By outreach
workers
Varied referral
channels
Self-selected
clients
Varied referral
channels
Service
objectives
Focused Focused Broad Broad
Service setting Non-agency
with community
integration
Agency-based,
with community
links
Agency-based Non-agency
settings
Service model Explicit,
flexible,
sustained
engagement,
in situ
encounters
Planned
intervention
through
scheduled
sessions
Unstructured
leisure
activities, may
be supervised
by
professionals
Through loosely
structured
encounters
16
Evaluation of YGP – Key Findings
Educational disruption
Anti-social & criminal behaviour
Smoking & substance abuse
Family and financial problems
Youths present a range of risks including
17
Evaluation of YGP – Key Findings
Greater parental involve-
ment
Greater interest in
studies
Attitudinal changes
Reduced risk
behaviours
Improved relation-
ship & life skills
More engage-ment in
structured activities
18
The Development of Singapore Street Outreach
Service
Learning from Hong Kong
20
Street-involved Children & Youth (SICY) in Singapore
22
SICY Surveys
1) Multi-Racial
Total SICY: 183
23
2) Age Range
1 3 47 6
16
34
40
28 26
14
3 10
10
20
30
40
50
7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
No. of
Part
icip
ants
Age
Total SICY: 183, Mean = 14.8 , Median = 15
24
25
2) Age Range
Peak Hangout
Duration:
3.30pm to 9pm
Reasons:
1. Hotter weather
2. Schools are ending
later
3. Lights off at 10pm
4. Youth Hangout Late
Letter
88, 48%
67, 36%
14, 8%
14, 8%
Average hours = 5hrs 32mins per day
< 5 hrs 5-10 hrs > 10 hrs Invalid
26
3) Hangout Duration
#1 #2
#3 #4 #5
27
4) Favourite Hangout Spots
#3
5) Activities on the streets
#2
28
6) People they hang out with
9
29
42
71
73
0 20 40 60 80
CCA Friends
Social Media Friends
Childhood Friends
Schoolmates
Street Friends
No of Votes
29
7) Social Media Survey
-
90% of SICY used social media while hanging out
0
78.57% of SICY got to know at least a few of
their street friends first through social
media
0
95% of SICY added at least a few of their street
friends on their social media
30
Localised Outreach Strategies
The 5-stage Street Outreach Model
Stage Hong Kong
(Lee, 2013)
Singapore
1 Observation Observation
2 Initial Contact Assessment
3 Social Relationship Positive Engagement
4 Working
Relationship
Therapeutic
Engagement
5 Termination Graduation
32
Stage 1: Observation
Picture of Community Scan
Drift efficiency in 2016
33
Strategies to find SICY
• Rely on formal & informal intel
• Focus on depth work (Snowballing)
• Make appointments
• Using activities
Drift efficiency has increased to about 50% in 2019
34
Observing SICY
35
Observation Matrix
Designed by Fei Yue team to facilitate street engagements that are:
• Safer
• More efficient
• More effective
Stage 2: Assessment
37
Street Education & Preventive Work
38
R.A.I.N Conceptual Framework
Risk
Behaviours InterestsAssets Needs
39
Stage 3: Positive Engagement
40
The 5 Levels of Activity
(Dynamo International –Street Workers
Network)
Spontaneous Activities(Level 1)
Engagement Tool Activities(Level 2)
Set Activities(Level 3)
Projects(Level 4)
Community Events(Level 5)
Definition
Activities initiated by SICY at their
hangout spots that street outreach workers join in.
Activities that street outreach workers
initiated with engagement tools at SICY hangout spots.
Independent and once-off activities
that street outreach workers organised with a selected group of
SICY.
A series of activities that
street outreach workers
organised with a selected
group of SICY.
Community activities that involve a few
selected groups of SICY and
community partners.
Purpose Uncover R.A.I.N
Uncover Specific R.A.I.N
Street Education & Preventive work
To address Risks and build Assets
Engage Parents
To address Risks and build Assets
Engage Parents
To promote community involvement
To address Risk Trends and build
Communal Assets.
Stage Assessment Positive Engagement
OwnershipYouth Street Outreach Worker Community
Min. Appointment Level
Casual ContactInformal
AppointmentFormal Appointment
Relationship Fostered
Social Relationship Working Relationship
SPARK PROGRAMME
42
43
Stage 4: Therapeutic Engagement
Stage 5: Graduation
44
Youth GO!
Special Programmes
SEPAK TAKRAW COMPETITION
46
Visiting drug awareness booths to score additional competition points
47
Gameplay
Drug Prevention Talks
5748
Friendly matches
49
Youth Trends
Extensive
Social Network
Chat with
Online
Strangers
Sexting
Cyber Bullying Exposure to
Drugs
Romanticisation
of Suicide
50
Changing Landscape
51
LAUNCH OF CYBER SERIES
52
@youth.go
Key Focus
Psychoeducate & raise awareness
Spark conversations & challenge misconceptions
Provide information on helplines and assistance
Link and refer youths to services
53
MENTAL
MAP SERIES
54
55
Debunking Myths
56
Spark Conversation
57
Share Resources
“I learnt more
about mental
health, like the
symptoms, and the
support that I can
turn to.”
Increased
knowledge and
awareness
towards topic
discussed
58
Practice Outcome
• Increased number of youths reached
• Enable follow-up and intervention,
especially with youths of transient
location loyalty or group
membership
vs 178 active cases
59
Practice Outcome
• Increased accessibility to
support via direct
messaging
• Enhanced service users’
impression & proximity
60
Practice Outcome
USE OF GAMINGFrom Cyber Engagement to
Group Intervention
61
Multiplayer Online Battle
Arena Game
5 vs 5
◦ Two opposing teams fight to
destroy enemy’s base, while
defending their own
◦ Key: Teamwork, Strategy,
Choice of Character &
Gameplay
62
Mobile Legends
When will all
of you be
coming down
again?
63
Effective Engagement Tool
Within six days,
50 existing and
new youths
expressed interest
to participate.
Snowballing:
youths screenshot
post and shared
among peers
64
Effective Engagement Tool
Integrating digital game-based learning into
existing mental health intervention shown to increase
user engagement and knowledge of mental health
(Huen et al., 2016; Shum et al., 2019).
Gaming
Context
Real-Life
Context
65
Platform for Psycho-Education
Consequential thinking
Decision-making
Self-efficacy
Teamwork
Risk-Taking
Perseverance
Boundaries
Setbacks
66
Lesson Plans
Consequential Thinking
Real-life context: Weighing pros and cons of choices and its
impact on self and others is a responsible conduct
Gaming Context: Chasing after a ‘kill’ within strongholds of
enemy with low health runs the risk of ‘dying’ without gains
67
USE OF THE ARTSwith street youths
68
DURATION
✓ 10-week curriculum
AIM
✓ Create opportunities for street youths to gain
confidence in building positive and supportive
relationships, and express themselves through art
69
Case Study: Embracing Together
70
Case Study: Embracing Together
● Youths not committed / regular to structured sessions in agency
● Youths deemed painting unsuitable as they are "not good at
it”
● Stakeholders frustrated with street youths' poor commitment
WEEK 1-3
71
Challenges
Pause and Review
WEEK 4-5
72
Challenges
1. Brought activity out to void deck where youths hang out
WEEK 6-9
Number of youth participants: 8-12 per session
73
In-Programme Changes
2. Modified programme to one-off sessions reaching
wider youth community
WEEK 6-9
74
In-Programme Changes
3. Engage different known groups each time
WEEK 6-9
Street youths expressed that they were more
comfortable sharing in-depth amongst their peer group
75
In-Programme Changes
WEEK 10: EXHIBITION
76
"I get to be creative and paint whatever I like and
want, I get to express myself through painting and
there was no right or wrong."
"It was something different from what I usually do, it
was fun."
"The volunteers were very encouraging when I felt
‘stuck’ on what I could paint."
77
Impact
“I got to understand the youths’ worldviews and
feelings after they explained the stories behind their
art work.”
Resilience in youths, and concerns that surfaced
served as topics for follow-up during casework
"I felt very low at one point due to the youths’ no-
show... However, I learnt to trust everyone in the team
to fulfill different roles."
"I saw the importance of adaptability, perseverance
and being flexible."
78
Impact
Reflected on the need for flexibility in
conducting arts programme to appeal to and
serve street youths effectively.
Reminder to look beyond the surface, and
start to see how they play a part in supporting
and building youths
79
Impact
● To reframe and promote art-making as a form of self-
expression, emphasising on the youths' unique stories, rather than
aesthetics
● Need for flexibility in curating the programme delivery
● Necessity to understand street youths and rally all parties to
focus on common goal
80
Lesson Learnt
8 – 12 youths per week
Figure 1: Community Organisation Framework Guiding
Stakeholders Engagement
81
Impact on Practice Development
Youth GO!
Impact of Programme
Impact of Youth GO!
Video of Interview
83
Impact of Youth GO! Programme
Youth GO!
Future Considerations
• How can we identify the at-risk children and youths early?
• How do we work effectively with at-risk children?
• How can we better address youth mental health issues, addictions and substance abuse?
• How do we outreach to hidden youths?
• How can we better embed technology into our work?
85
Future Considerations of Youth GO!
Q&A
Thank you
References
Boeve, E., & Toussaint, P. (2007-2013). The role of
group action in street work. European Commission,
Dynamo International Street Workers Network.
Lee, F. (2013). Effective Intervention with Youth-at-Risk
in Hong Kong. Journal of Social Work Practice, 27(1),
33-46.
88