Treatment of Polluted River Water forPotable Reuse using a 5-Stage Moving

Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)R. Blanc*, U. Leshem*, U. Kelkar**, S. Kumar***,A.K.Rakesh***

* Aqwise – Wise Water Technologies Ltd., Israel** NJS Consulting Co. Ltd., Japan***Uttar Pradesh Jal Ningam, Agra, India

BackgroundBackground

The city of Agra, India, uses YamunaThe city of Agra, India, uses YamunaRiver water as a potable water sourceRiver water as a potable water sourcefor a population offor a population of 22 million peoplemillion peopleRiver water is currently treatedRiver water is currently treated physicophysico--chemically, chlorinated, and supplied forchemically, chlorinated, and supplied forconsumptionconsumption

Project Background (Project Background (11))Besides silt and naturally occurring components theBesides silt and naturally occurring components theYamuna River water contains soluble pollutantsYamuna River water contains soluble pollutants(BOD, NH(BOD, NH44, NO, NO33) coming from secondary effluent) coming from secondary effluentdischarged into the river upstreamdischarged into the river upstream

Project Background (Project Background (22))A number of alternatives were considered improvedA number of alternatives were considered improvedtreatment of the river water, among them RO andtreatment of the river water, among them RO andbiological treatment.biological treatment.Biological treatment was selected for removal of theBiological treatment was selected for removal of thesoluble pollutants, both suspended growth (MBR)soluble pollutants, both suspended growth (MBR)and attached growth (MBBR) being consideredand attached growth (MBBR) being consideredMBBR technology was the chosen biologicalMBBR technology was the chosen biologicaltreatment method due to the adaptability of biofilmtreatment method due to the adaptability of biofilmsystems to low levels of pollutants and concern aboutsystems to low levels of pollutants and concern aboutthe ability of suspended growth systems to maintainthe ability of suspended growth systems to maintainthe required biomass concentrationthe required biomass concentration

The Pilot PlantThe Pilot PlantParallel to construction of the full scale plant treatingParallel to construction of the full scale plant treating163163,,000000 mm33/d of river water, a pilot plant was/d of river water, a pilot plant wasconstructed for design and operational optimizationconstructed for design and operational optimizationPilot Plant designed forPilot Plant designed for 100100 mm33/d and operated for/d and operated for 1818months, with daily sampling and analyses of overmonths, with daily sampling and analyses of over 1515parameters atparameters at 99 sampling pointssampling points

Influent CharacteristicsInfluent Characteristics -- DesignDesign

Effluent RequirementsEffluent Requirements

Process Flow diagramProcess Flow diagram1st Aerobicstage: BODremoval andnitrification

2nd Aerobicstage:nitrification

DeOx:Reduction ofD.O. anddenitrification

Anoxic stage:denitrification

Post-aeration:MeOHpolishing andnitrification

Dosing of P and MeOH forbiological processes

Piloting StagesPiloting StagesCommissioning, startup and stabilization of theCommissioning, startup and stabilization of thebiological process (river water)biological process (river water)StageStage 11: Increase of NH: Increase of NH44 levels to design levels (riverlevels to design levels (riverwater + ammonium dosing)water + ammonium dosing)StageStage 22: Increase of NH: Increase of NH44 and BOD levels to designand BOD levels to designlevels (river water+ ammonium + ethanol dosing)levels (river water+ ammonium + ethanol dosing)StageStage 33: Idling and Recovery for varying lengths of: Idling and Recovery for varying lengths oftimetime

RESULTSRESULTS

Water temperatureWater temperature

ResultsResults –– NHNH44

Aerobic zone D.O.Aerobic zone D.O.

ResultsResults –– NONO33

ResultsResults –– Total NitrogenTotal Nitrogen

ResultsResults –– BODBOD

StageStage 33: Idling and Recovery schedule: Idling and Recovery schedule

StageStage 33: Idling and Recovery results, NH: Idling and Recovery results, NH44

SummarySummaryNitrogen removal to required levels consistent and stableNitrogen removal to required levels consistent and stableDuring seasonal changes in water temperature and pollutantDuring seasonal changes in water temperature and pollutantlevels tight control required of nitrification (DO control) andlevels tight control required of nitrification (DO control) anddenitrification (denitrification (MeOHMeOH dosing)dosing)Influent BOD removal is complete; BOD in the effluent is aInfluent BOD removal is complete; BOD in the effluent is afunction of Cfunction of C--dosing for denitrification. Good process controldosing for denitrification. Good process controlthrough NOthrough NO33 online measurementonline measurementNitrification rates betweenNitrification rates between 00..2121 toto 11..7979 gNHgNH44/m/m22/d./d.Denitrification ratesDenitrification rates 00..0505--22..6767 g NOg NO33 /m/m22/d/dIdling plant for up toIdling plant for up to 22 weeks does not impact reweeks does not impact re--activation,activation,and full recovery achieved withinand full recovery achieved within 11 day. Idling for longer thanday. Idling for longer than22 weeks requires half of idle time to recoverweeks requires half of idle time to recover

Some photosSome photos –– pilot plant andpilot plant andconstruction siteconstruction site

Biomass CarriersBiomass Carriers –– Aerobic zoneAerobic zone

Biomass CarriersBiomass Carriers –– DeOx zoneDeOx zone

Biomass CarriersBiomass Carriers –– Anoxic zoneAnoxic zone

Biomass CarriersBiomass Carriers –– Post AerobicPost Aerobiczonezone

Existing plantExisting plant

The construction siteThe construction site

WedgeWedge--wire screenswire screens-- 8181 unitsunits

400400 mm22 of flat screensof flat screens

A tentA tent--city of biomass carrierscity of biomass carriers

Aeration systemAeration system

Questions?Questions?