Xiv 31 People v Malngan

8/18/2019 Xiv 31 People v Malngan

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EN BANC

PEOPLE OF THEPHILIPPINES , Ap pell ee ,

- versus -

EDNA MALNGAN y MAYO, Ap pell an t.

G. R. No. 170470 Present: PANGANIBAN, C. J . ,

PUNO,QUISUMBING,YNARES-SANTIAGO,SANDOVAL-GUTIERRE,!ARPIO, AUST RIA-M AR TINE ,!ORONA,!ARPIO MORALES,!ALLE"O, SR., A!UNA ,TINGA,

!#I!O-NAARIO,GAR!IA, an$VELAS!O, "R., JJ . Pr%&'l(ate$: Septe&)er *+, *+

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -

D E C I S I O N

CHICO-NAZARIO, J .:

The Case

%r re/0e 1 0s t2e Decision 345 %6 t2e !%'rt %6

Ap pea ls 0n !A- G. R. !R #! N%. 4478 pr %& 'l (a te$ %n *

Sept e&)er *9, a660 r&0n( 10t2 &%$06 0at 0%n

t2e Judgment 3*5 % 6 t 2e R e( 0% na l T r0 al ! %' rt ; RT !< % 6

Man 0l a, B ra n2 = 4, 0 n ! r0 &0 na l !ase N%. 4- 4> >= *=

pr%&'l(ate$ %n 47 Ot%)er *7, 6 0n$0n( appel lant E$na

Maln(an y Ma?% ;E$na< ('0 l t? )e?%n$ reas%na)le $%')t %6

t 2e r0 &e % 6 A rs%n 1 0t 2 M'l t0 pl e #%& 0 0$ e % r A rs%nres' l t 0n( t% t2e $eat2 % 6 s 0 ;+< pe%ple , an$ senten0n(

2er t% s'66er t2e penalt? %6 $eat2.

The Facts

As s'& &ar 0@ e$ 37 5 ) ? t 2e ! %' rt % 6 Ap pe al s, t 2e

antee$ent 6ats are as 6%l l%1s:

r% & t 2 e p e rs %n al a %' n t % 6 R e& 0 (0 %

Bernar$%, t2e Baran(a? !2a0 r&an 0n t2e area, as1ell as t2e pers%nal a%'nt %6 t2e pe$0a) $r0/er na&e$ R%lan$% Gr'ta, 0 t 1as at ar%'n$ =:=9 a.&.%n "an'ar? *, *4 12en Re&0(0% Bernar$% an$20s tan%$s sa1 t2e a'se$-appellant EDNA, %ne2 0 re$ as a 2%'se&a0$ )? R%)er t% Separa , Sr .,1 0t 2 2 e r 2 ea $ t 'rn 0n ( 0 n $ 06 6e ren t $ 0 re t0 %n s ,2'r r0e$ l? lea/0n( t2e 2%'se % 6 2er e&pl%?er a t

N%. 4* M%$erna St ree t , Ba l't , T%n$%, Man 0la .S2e 1as seen t% 2a/e )%ar$e$ a pe$0a) 12021 as $ r0 /e n ) ? a p er s% n l at er 0 $e nt 06 0e $ a sR% lan$% Gr' ta. S2e 1as 2ear$ )? t2e pe$ 0a)$ r 0/ er t % 2 a /e 0 n st r ' te $ t 2a t s 2 e ) e ) r%' ( 2tt% N 0pa St ree t , )' t 'p%n 2er a r r 0/a l t2ere , s2e2an(e$ 2er &0n$ an$ ase$ t2at s2e )e )r%'(2t0 ns te a $ t % Ba la s an S t re e t 1 2e re s 2e 6 0n a ll ?al 0(2te$, a6ter pa?0n( 6%r 2er 6are.

T 20 rt ? & 0n 't es l at er, a t a r% 'n $ 9 :4 9

a .&. Baran(a? !2a 0r&an Bernar$%s ( r%'p la ter $ 0 s%/ere$ t2a t a 6 0 re (' t te$ t2e 2%'se % 6 t2ee&pl%?er %6 t2e 2%'se&a0$. Baran(a? !2a0 r&an

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn1


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Bernar$% an$ 2 0s tan%$s resp%n$e$ t% t2e 6 0 re' p %n 2 ea r 0n ( s 2% ' ts 6 r %& t 2 e re s0 $e n ts a n $t2erea6 ter , 6 0 re&en 6 r%& t2e 0 re D0s t r 0 t 4-N!Rarr0/e$ at t2e 6 0re sene t% %nta0n t2e 6 0re.

C 2e n B ar an (a ? !2 a0 r& an B er na r$ %

re t' rn e $ t % t 2e Ba ra n (a ? # al l, 2 e re e 0/ e$ arep%r t 6 r%& pe$ 0a) $ r 0 /e r R% lan$% Gr' ta , 12%

1a s a ls % a t an %$ , t 2a t s 2% rt l? ) e6 %r e t 2e% ' r re n e % 6 t 2e 6 0 re , 2 e s a1 a 1 %& a n ; t 2 e2%'se&a0$< %&0n( %'t %6 t2e 2%'se at N%. 4*M%$erna St ree t , Ba l't , T%n$%, Man 0 la an$ 2ere e 0 /e $ a a ll 6 r %& 2 0s 1 06 e t el l 0n ( 2 0 & % 6 a1%&an ; t2e sa&e 2%'se&a0$< 12% 1as a t 0n(s t ran(e l? an$ s'sp 0 0%'s l? %n Ba lasan St ree t .Baran(a? !2a0 r&an Bernar$%, R%lan$% Gr'ta an$t2e %t2er tan%$s pr%ee$e$ t% Balasan Street an$6%'n$ t2e 1%&an 12% 1as later 0$ent 0 6 0e$ as t2ea'se$-appel lant. A6ter R%lan$% Gr'ta p%s0t 0/el?0$ent 0 6 0e$ t2e 1%&an as t2e sa&e pers%n 12% le6 tN% . 4* M%$erna St ree t , Ba l't , T%n$%, Man0 la ,Ba ra n (a ? ! 2a 0r& an Be rn a r$ % a n$ 2 0 s t an % $sappre2en$e$ 2er an$ )r%'(2t 2er t% t2e Baran(a?# al l 6 % r 0 n /e s t0 (a t 0% n. A t t 2 e Ba ra n (a ? # a ll ,Mere$0 ta Men$%@a, ne0(2)%r %6 R%)ert% Separa,Sr. an$ 12%se 2%'se 1as als% )'rne$, 0$ent 0 6 0e$t2e 1%&an as a'se$-appel lant EDNA 12% 1ast 2 e 2 % 's e& a 0$ % 6 R %) e rt % Se pa ra, S r. U p% n0nspet 0%n, a $ 0sp%sa)le l 0(2ter 1as 6%'n$ 0ns 0$ea 's e$ -a pp el la nt E DN As ) a( . T 2e re a6 te r,a'se$-appel lant EDNA %n6esse$ t% Baran(a?!2a0r&an Bernar$% 0n t2e presene %6 &'l t 0 t'$es%6 an(r? res 0$ents %'ts 0$e t2e Baran(a? #al l t2ats2e set 2er e&pl%?ers 2%'se %n 6 0 re )ea'se s2e2a$ n%t )een pa0$ 2er salar? 6%r a)%'t a ?ear an$t2a t s2e 1ante$ t% (% 2%&e t% 2er p r%/0ne )' t2er e&pl%?er t% l$ 2er t% 'st r 0$e a )r%%&st 0 0n(%0n( 2%&e.

A 'se $- ap pel la nt ED NA 1a s t2 en t' rn e$

% /e r t% ars% n 0n /e st0 (at %r s 2ea $e$ )?S3 5O= Dan 0l% Tal'san , 12% )r%'(2t 2er t% t2eSan La@ar% 0re Stat 0%n 0n Sta.!r'@, Man0 la 12ere s2e 1as 6'r t2er 0n/est 0(ate$an$ t2en $eta0ne$.

C2en Mere$0 ta Men$%@a 1ent t% t2e SanLa@ar% 0 re Stat 0%n t% ( 0/e 2er s1%rn s tate&ent,s2e 2a$ t2e %pp%rt'n0 t? t% as a'se$-appel lantEDNA at t2e latters $etent0%n el l 12? s2e $0$ t2e)'rn 0n( % 6 2er e&pl%?ers 2%'se an$ a'se$-appel lant EDNA repl 0e$ t2at s2e set t2e 2%'se %n6 0 re )ea'se 12en s2e ase$ per&0ss0%n t% (%2%&e t% 2er p r%/ 0ne , t2e 1 0 6e % 6 2er e&pl%?er

R%)ert% Separa, Sr. , na&e$ V0 r( 0n 0a Separa ;s 0


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appellant 10t2 t2e r 0&e %6 !r son wit h "ul t ipl e

#omicide. T2e ase 1as $%ete$ as !r 0&0na l !ase N%.

4-4>>=*=. T2e a'sat%r? p%r t 0%n % 6 sa 0$ In 6%r&at 0%n

pr%/0$es:

T2at %n % r a)%'t "an'ar? * , *4, 0 n t2e!0t? %6 Man0la, P20 l 0pp0nes, t2e sa0$ a'se$, 10t20 nt en t t % a' se $ a& a( e, $ 0$ t 2e n a n$ t 2e re10 l l 6' l l? , 'nla16'l l? , 6e l%n0%'s l? an$ $el 0)erate l?set 6 0 re 'p%n t2e t1%-st%re? res 0$ent 0a l 2%'se %6 ROBERTO SEPARA an$ 6a&0l ? &%st l ? &a$e % 6 1%%$en &ater0als l%ate$ at N%. 4* M%$erna St.,Ba l' t , T%n $ %, t 2 0s 0 t? , ) ? l 0 (2 t 0n ( r'& p le $n e 1s p ap e r 1 0t 2 t 2 e ' se % 6 $ 0s p %s a) l e l 0 (2 t er 0 n s0 $ e s a 0 $ 2 % ' se n% 10 n ( t 2 e s a& e t % ) e a n0 n2 a) 0t e$ 2 %' se a n$ s 0t 'a te$ 0 n a t 20 l?

p%p'late$ p lae an$ as a %nse'ene t2ere%6 a %n 6 la ( ra t 0% n e n s' e$ a n $ t 2 e s a0 $ ) ' 0l $ 0n ( ,t%(et2er 10t2 s%&e se/en ;< a$%0n0n( res0$ent0al2%'ses, 1ere ra@e$ )? 6 0reF t2at )? reas%n an$ %nt 2 e % a s 0% n % 6 t 2 e s a0 $ 6 0 re , t 2 e 6 % ll % 10 n (,na&el?,

4. R %) er t% S ep ar a, S r., = 9

?ears %6 a(e*. V0 r(0n 0a Separa ? Men$%@a,

= ?ears %6 a(e7. M02ael Separa, *= ?ears %6

a(e=. Dap2ne Separa , 4> ?ears % 6

a(e9. Pr0s 0 l la Separa, 4= ?ears %6

a(e+. R%)ert% Separa, "r., 44 ?ears

%6 a(e s's ta 0ne$ )'rn 0n ' r 0es 12 02 1ere t2e $ 0 re ta'se %6 t2e0r $eat2 0&&e$0atel? t2erea6ter. 3 95

C2en arra0(ne$, a'se$-appel lant 10t2 ass0stane

%6 %'nsel de o$ ic io , plea$e$3+5 N%t G '0 lt ? t % t 2e r0 &e

2ar(e$. T2erea6ter, tr 0al ens'e$. 3 5

T2e p r% se ' t0 %n p re se nte$ 6 0/e ; 9< 1 0t ne sses ,na&el?, SPO= 3>5 Dan0 l% Tal'san, R%lan$% Gr'ta, Re&0(0%

Bernar$%, Mere$0 ta Men$%@a an$ R%$% l 6% M%/0 l la t%

e sta) l0 s2 0 ts 2a r( e t 2a t a 'se$ -a pp el la nt E $n a

%&&0tte$ t2e r 0&e %6 ars%n 10t2 &'lt 0p le 2%&00$e.

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn8


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SPO= Dan0 l% Tal'san, ars%n 0n/est0(at%r, test 0 6 0e$

t2at 2e 1as %ne %6 t2%se 12% resp%n$e$ t% t2e 6 0 re t2at

%'rre$ %n * "an'ar? *4 an$ 1202 starte$ at N%. 4*

M%$erna St., Bal't, T%n$%, Man0 la. #e state$ t2at t2e 6 0 re 0 l le$ R%)er t% Separa, Sr . an$ a l l t2e % t2er &e&)ers % 6

2 0s 6a&0 l? , na&el? 2 0s 10 6e, V 0 r( 0n 0a , an$ 2 0s 2 0 l$ren,

M02ael, Dap2ne, Pr 0s0 l la an$ R%)ert%, "r.F t2e 6 0 re als%

$ es tr %?e $ t 2e 0r a )% $e a s 1 el l a s s 0 n e0 (2 )% r0 n(

2%'ses.#e l 0e10se test0 6 0e$ t2at 2e t10e 2ear$ a'se$-

appel lant %ne 120 le t2e la t ter 1as )e 0n( 0n ter/ 0e1e$ )?

!ar&el 0 ta Val$e@, a rep%rter %6 ABS-!BN, an$ t2e %t2er

t 0&e 12en 0 t 1as s2%1n %n 2annel * %n tele/0s0%n $'r 0n(

t2e a 0 r 0n( % 6 t2e te le/ 0s 0%n pr%(ra& ent 0 t le$ Tr'e !r 0&e

2%ste$ )? G's A)el(as %n6ess t% 2a/0n( %&&0t te$ t2e

r 0&e 2ar(e$, t% 10t:

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

Base$ %n ?%'r 0n/est 0(at 0%n, 1as t2ere an?%as0%n 12en t2e a'se$ E$na Maln(ana$&0t te$ t% t2e )'rn0n( %6 t2e 2%'se %6 t2eSepara a&0l?

C0tness:Yes, s0r. Pr%s. Re)a(a?:C2en 1as t2at

A: On "an 'a r? * s2e 1a s 0nt er/ 0e1e $ )? t2e& e$0 a, s 0r. T 2e % ne 12 % t %% t 2e%/er a( e 1as !ar &e l0 ta Val $e @ % 6 !2a nn el * , A BS -!BN. T2e ? 2 a/e a6%% ta (e t 2a t E $n a a $& 0t te $ ) e6%r et2e&, s0r .

Q: An$ 12ere 1ere ?%' 12en E$na Maln(an

&a$e t2at s tate&en t % r a$&0ss0%n t%!ar&el0ta Val$e@ %6 ABS-!BN

A: I 1a s at %' r %6 6 0 e, s0r. Q: Cas t2ere an? %t2er %as0%n 12ere0n t2e

a 'se$ &a$ e a n% t2 er %n 6e ss 0% nrelat 0/e t% t2e a$&0ss0%n %6 t2e r 0&e

A: Yes , s0r. Q: C2en 1as t2at A: La st r0 $a ?, s0r . I t 1a s s2% 1n 0n Tr 'e !r0& e

%6 G's A)el(as. S2e 1as 0nter/0e1e$ att2e !0 t? "a 0 l an$ s2e a$&0 t te$ t2at s2e1as t2e %ne 12% a't2%re$ t2e r 0&e,s0r.

Pr%s. Re)a(a?: An $ 12 er e 1e re ?%' 12 en t2a t a$ &0ss0% n t%

G's A)el(as 1as &a$e A: I 1a s 0n t2e 2% 'se an $ I ' st sa1 0t %n t/,

s0r. Q: C2at 1as t2at a$&0ss0%n t2at ?%' 2ear$

pers%na ll ?, 12en ?%' 1ere p resent ,12en t2e a'se$ &a$e t2e %n6ess0%nt% !ar&el0ta Val$e@

A: Naglukot po s iya ng papel , s in id ihan n iya

ng l ighter at in i lagay niya sa iaaw ng


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mesa yun g mga d iyar yo a t s in un og niya.

Q: As0$e 6 r%& t2at s ta te&ent, 1as t2ere an?

%t2er sta te&ent &a$e )? t2e a'se$E$na Maln(an

A: Yes , s0r. %aya po niya nagawa yon gal i t po

s iya sa kanyang amo na s i & irg in ia,h ind i s iya p inasuweldo at gusto na pon iyan g u mu wi n a ' si c( a ya w s iyan g pa yag an . Nag sal it a pa po sa kany a na ,Sumakay ka na lang sa wal is. )agal ik mo di to maputi ka na. 'sic( *on po ang sinai ng kanyang amo.

At t?. Mas 1e n( :T2a t 1as a s ta te &e nt % 6 a n a ll e( e$ $ ea $

pers%n, ?%'r #%n%r. !%'rt:Sai ni &aldes, ha+ Pr%s. Re)a(a?:Sai ni dna "alngan kay Car mel i ta

&alde, Y%'r #%n%r. !%'rt:Doule hearsay na yon. Pr%s. Re)a(a?:N% , Y%'r #%n%r, t2e 1 0 tness 1as p resent ,

Y%'r #%n%r, 12en t2at %n6ess0%n 1as& a$ e ) ? t 2e a 's e$ t % ! ar &e l0 taVal$e@. 3 85

R% lan$% Gr'ta , t2e pe$0a) $r 0/er an$ %ne %6 t2e

)aran(a? tan%$s 0n t2e area, test 0 6 0e$:

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:Mr. C0tness, 12at 0s ?%'r pr%6ess0%n

A: S0 $e ar $r 0/ er, s0r . Q: On "an'ar? * , *4 at ar%'n$ =:=9 0n t2e

&%rn0n(, $% ?%' real l 12ere 1ere ;s0<?%'

A: I 1a s at t2e %rn er %6 M% $e rna St re et , s0r. Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

An $ 12 0 le ?% ' 1e re at t2e %r ne r % 6 M%$erna St . , 12at 2appene$ 0 6 an?,

Mr. C0tness A: I sa1 E$ na %& 0n( %'t 6r%& t2e $% %r %6 t2e

2%'se %6 R%)ert% Separa, s0r . Q: D% ?%' n%1 t2e n'&)er % 6 t2e 2%'se %6

t2e Separa a&0l? A: 4 * M%$ ern a St ., Ba l't, T%n $%, Ma n0l a, s0r .

Q : An$ ?%' sa 0$ ?%' sa1 E$na %&0n( %' t6 r%& t2e 2%'se %6 t2e Separa a&0 l?.#%1 6a r 0 s t2a t 2%'se 6 r%& t2e p lae12ere ?%' 1ere 1a0t 0n( at t2e %rner %6 M%$erna an$ Pa'l 0n% Streets

A: A) %' t t2r ee &eter s 6 r% & M% $er na an$

Pa'l 0n% Streets 12ere &? pe$0a) 1asp lae$. M? $ 0 stane 1as a)%' t t2 ree&eters, s0r .

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn9


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Q : A n$ 2 %1 $ 0$ ?%' n% 1 t2a t t 2e 2 %' se

12e re E $n a a&e % 't 0 s t 2a t % 6 t 2e2%'se %6 t2e Separa a&0l?

A: "ismong naki ta po ng da lawang mata ko

na doo n s iy a g ali ng s a ah ay ng Separa Family.

Q : #%1 l %n ( 2 a/e ?%' n% 1n t 2e S ep ar a

a&0l?, 06 ?%' n%1 t2e& A: A) %' t t1% ?e ars , s0r . Q : #%1 a )% 't t 20 s E $n a, t 2e % ne ?%' 's t

p% 0n te$ ; t%< a120 le a(% D% ?%' n%12er pr 0%r t% "an'ar? *, *4

A: Yes , s0r . I ne 1; s0 < 2er 6%r t1% ?e ar s. !%'rt:C2? C0tness:Ma$alas % p% s 0?an( &a(0n( pasa2er% n(

a0n( pe$0a). Pr%s. Re)a(a?:#%1 a)%'t t2e Separa 6a&0 l ? C2? $% ?%'

n%1 t2e& A: T2e ? 1e re t2e e& pl %?e rs %6 E$n a, s0r . Q: Y%' sa 0$ ?%' sa1 E$na %&0n( %'t 6 r%&

t2e 2%'se %6 t2e Separa a&0 l? . C2at2appene$ 12en ?%' sa1 E$na %&0n(% 't 6 r% & t 2e 2 %' se % 6 t 2e S ep ar aa&0l?

A: ala pa pong ano yan naisakay ko na siya

sa sidecar.

Q: An$ 12at $0$ ?%' %)ser/e 6r%& E$na 12en?%' sa1 2er %&0n( %'t 6r%& t2e 2%'se%6 t2e Separa 6a&0l?

A: Nag ma ma da li po s iy ang lum ak ad a t

pa li nga - li nga .

Q : A 6t er s2e ) %a r$ e$ ?%' r p e$ 0a) , 12a t

2appene$, 0 6 an? A: Nagpahatid po siya sa akin . Q: C2ere A: T% N0p a St re et , s0r . Q : D 0$ ?%' ) r 0n( 2e r t% N 0pa S t reet as s2e

re'este$ A: Yes , s0r.

Q : Y%' sa0 $ t 2a t ?%' ) r% '( 2t 2 er t % N 0p a

St reet . C2at 2appene$ 12en ?%' (%;s0< t2ere at N0pa Street, 0 6 an?

A: Nagpah into po s i ya doon ng sagl i t, mga

tatlong minuto po. Q: C2at $ 0$ s2e $% 12en s2e ase$ ;?%'< t%

st%p t2ere 6%r t2ree &0n'tes A: A6 ter t2r ee &0n' tes s2e re ' este$ &e t%

)r 0n( 2er $0retl? t% Balasan Street, s0r .

Q: C2at 2appene$ a6ter t2at


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A: C2e n 1e ar r 0/ e$ t2er e, s2e al0 (2 te$ an $pa? ;s0< P9., s0r .

Q An$ t2en 12at transp0re$ a6ter s2e al 0(2te$

6r%& ?%'r pe$0a) C0tness:I 1e nt 2 %& e a n$ I l% % e$ 6 %r a n%t 2er

passen(er, s0r. Pr%s. Re)a(a?: A6 ter t2at , 12 at 2ap pen e$ 12 en ?% ' 1e re %n

? %' 1 a? t % ? %' r 2 %' se t % l %% 6 %r passen(ers

A Nak i ta ko na nga po na pagda t ing ko sa

"oderna, naglalagala na apoy. Q: r%& 12at plae 1as t2at 6 0 re %&0n( %'t

A: r% & t2e 2% 's e %6 R%)e rt % Se pa ra a& 0l ?,

s0r.

Pr%s. Re)a(a?: A6 ter ?% ' n% t 0 e$ t2at t2e re 1a s a 6 0r e 6 r% &

t2e 2%'se % 6 R%)er t% Separa a&0 l ?,12at $0$ ?%' $% 0 6 an?

A: Siyempre po , i sang /arangay Tanod po

ako, nagresponde na po kami sa sunog./ inuksan na po ng Chai rman naming yung tangke, inoma na po naming yung apoy ng tuig.

Q: A6ter t2at 0n0$ent, Mr. C0tness, 2a/e ?%'

seen E$na A(a0n ;s0


8/26

Pr%s. Re)a(a?: An $ ?% ' sa0$ t2at t2e re 1a s a 6 0r e t2a t%'rre$, 12at $0$ ?%' $%

C0tness:

4 yon nga nagresponde kami doon sasunog eh nakita ko iyong sunog mukhat alag ang a rs on da hil na pak alak i

kaagad, meron pong mga t ipong 4yong namatay po contractor po iyon eh kayas ig ur o n ap akar am in g kal at n g mga pi ntur a, mga con taine r, kaya hin di po nami n na ap ula kaa gad iyong ap oy ,nasunog ult imo iyong $ iretank namin sa lakas, sir .

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:N%1, 10 l l ?%' p lease te l l 's 12ere t2 0s 6 0 re%'rre$

A: At t2e 2% 'se %6 t2e s0 /0t 0& s, s0r . Q: C2%se 2%'se 0s t2at A: T2e 2% 'se %6 t2e /0 t 0& s, s0r .

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

Y%' sa0 $ t 2a t ?%' r esp% n$ e$ t % t 2e

pl a e, 1 2a t t ra ns p0 re $ a 6t er ?%'resp%n$e$ t% t2e plae

A: 4yon nga po ang nagsai may lumaas na

i sa ng a ae p o n oo n s a ah ay n anagmamadal i haang may sunog, meisang arangay tanod po akong nagsai may humahangos na i sang aae nam ay da lan g ag p apu nt a p o ro on pa la as ng sas aky an, sir .

Q: An$ s% 12at 2appene$

A: Siyempre hindi naman ako nagtanong kung

sino ngayon may dumating gal ing na saahay naming, may tumawag, tumawag po si %on seh ala !l $on so na may isang aae na hindi mapakal i doon sa Cal le)edro !l$onso, ke konsehal na aka i tosai niya iyong ganito ganoon

nirespondehan ko po, sir. Q: C2ere $0$ ?%' resp%n$ A: At Ba las an , s0r, )'t 0t s n% t t2 e ar ea %6 &? ' r 0s $0 t 0% n.

Q : C2at 2appene$ 12en ?%' rea2e$ t2atplae

A: Siya po ang nahul i ko doon, sir . !%'rt:C0tness p%0nt 0n( t% a'se$ E$na Maln(an. Pr%s. Re)a(a?: An $ 12 at 2a ppen e$ A: I )r %' (2t 2e r t% t2 e )ar an (a? 2all , s0r .

Q: An$ 12at 2appene$ at t2e )aran(a? 2al l A: 4nemest igahan ko, k inuha naming iyong

ag n iya , me l i gh ter s i ya eh . 4naminn iya po sa amin na kaya n iya s inunog hindi siya pinasasahod ng more or lessisang taon na eh. Ngayon sai ko aki t eh gusto ko ng umuwi ng proinsya ang sa i sa a ki n n g a mo ko sumakay n alang daw po ako ng wal is t ingting paramakauwi, sir.


9/26

At t?. #er &an :Ce 1%'l$ l 0e t% %)et, Y%'r #%n%r %nt2e (r%'n$ t2at t2at 0s 2earsa?.

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

T2at 0s n%t a 2earsa? sta te&ent, Y%'r #%n%r , s t ra 0(2t 6 r%& t2e &%'t2 % 6 t2ea'se$.

At t?. #er &an :

I ts n%t 'n$er t2e ee&pt 0%n 'n$er t2eR 'l es %6 ! %' rt , Y%' r # %n %r. # e 0 st es t0 6? 0n ( a %r $0 n( t % 12a t 2 e 2 as2ear$.

!%'rt:

T2ats par t % 6 t2e narra t 0%n. C2et2er 0 t0s tr'e %r n%t, t2ats an%t2er &atter. Let0 t re&a0n.

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

N %1, 12 % 1 er e pr es en t 12 en t 2ea'se$ are tel l 0n( ?%' t20s

A: 4yon nga iyong mga tanod ko, mamamayan

doon nakapal igid, siyempre may sunog nagkakagulo , gusto nga s iyang kuninng mga mamamayan para saktan h ind i ko ma i igay papa tay in s i ya gawa ng m ay na mat ay eh ani m na t ao a nd

namatay, kaya iyong mga taok inokon t ro l s i ya madid isg rasya s i yadahi l p in-po in ted po s iya, *our #onor ,iyong dami na iyon l io iyong n akap al ig id d oo n sa ar an ga y h al l napak ahirap awatin. 5ustong-g us to s iy an g k un in n g m ga t ao ng -ayan, nagal i t dahi l ang daming ahay hong nasunog. [ 1 1 ]

%r 2 er p ar t, M er e $0 ta M en $% @a , % ne % 6 t 2e

ne0(2)%rs %6 t2e Separa a&0l? an$ 12%se 2%'se 1as %ne

%6 t2%se $estr%?e$ )? t2e 6 0 re, re%'nte$:

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

Ma$a& C0tness, %n "an'ar? *, *4, $%?%' r eal l 12e re 1er e ?%' r es 0$ 0n (t2en

A: Yes , s0r. Q: C2ere 1ere ?%' res0$0n( at A: At N%. 4 M%$e rna St ., Ba l't ,T%n$%, Man0la, s0r.

Q : C 2? $ 0$ ?%' t ra ns 6e r ?%' r r es 0$ en e A120 le a( % ?% ' tes t 06 0e $ t2a t ?% ' ar en%1 res0$0n( at 4= M%$erna St., Bal't,T%n$%, Man0la

A: Be a' se %'r 2% 's e 1a s )' rn e$ , s0r . Q : M %r e % r l es s, 2 %1 & ' 2 $ 0$ t 2e l %s s

0n'rre$ %n t2e )'rn 0n( % 6 ?%'r 2%'se;s0


10/26

A: !06 ara ;s0 < 6a& 0l? , s0r . Q : C 2% 0 n p ar t0 ' la r $ % ?%' n% 1 a &% n(

!06ara ;s0< 6a&0l? A: T2e 1% &an , s0r .

Q: C2at 0s t2e na&e A: V0 r(0 n0a Me n$ %@ a !0 6ar a ;s 0


11/26

A: I al s% ase$ 2e r, )aano mo g inawa yung

sunog+ S2e t% l$ &e , Naglukot ako ng maraming d i ya ryo , s inind ihan ko ng d i sposa le l i gh ter a t h inag is n i ya saiaaw ng lamesa sa loo ng ahay. ;s0< [ 1 2 ]

Last l? , t2e pr%se't 0%n presente$ R%$%l 6% M%/0 l la,

%1ner %6 t2e 2%'se s0 t'ate$ )es0$e t2at %6

t2e Separa 6a&0 l? . #e test 0 60e$ t2at 2 0s 2%'se 1as a ls%

('tte$ )? t2e 6 0 re t2at 0 l le$ t2e Separa 6a&0l? an$ t2at 2e

tr 0e$ t% 2elp sa0$ /0t 0&s )'t t% n% a/a0 l .

T2e p r%se' t 0%n p resente$ % t2e r $%'&enta r?e/0$ene347 5 an$ t2erea6ter reste$ 0 ts ase.

C 2e n 0 t a&e t 0&e 6 %r t 2e $ e6en se t % p re se nt

e' lpa t%r? e/ 0$ene, 0 nstea$ % 6 $% 0n( s% , a'se$-

ap pe ll ant 6 0le$ a "ot ion to !dmit Demurrer t o

vidence [14] an$ t2e %rresp%n$0n( Demurrer to

vidence [15] 1 0t 2 t 2e 6 %r &e r e p re ss l? s ta t0 n( t 2a t

sa0$ Demurrer to vidence 1as )e 0n( 6 0 le$ 10 t2%'t

epress lea/e %6 %'rt . [1 !

I n 2 er Demur re r to v idence, a'se$-appellant

asserts t2at t2e pr%se't0%ns e/0$ene 1as 0ns'66 00ent t%

pr%/e 2er ('0 l t )e?%n$ reas%na)le $%')t 6%r t2e 6%l l%10n(

reas%ns:[17! ;a< t2at s2e 0s 2ar(e$ 10t2 r 0&e n%t $e60ne$

an$ penal 0@e$ )? la1F ;)< t 2at 0r'&stant0al e/0$ene 1as

0ns'66 0 0ent t% pr%/e 2er (' 0 l t )e?%n$ reas%na)le $%')t F

an$ ;< t2at t2e test0&%n0es (0/en )? t2e 10tnesses %6 t2e

pr%se't0%n 1ere 2earsa?, t2's, 0na$&0ss0)le 0n e/0$ene

a(a0nst 2er.

T2e p r% se ' t0 %n 6 0l e$ 0 ts Comment67pposit ion t%

a'se$-appel lants Demurrer to vidence .

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12/26

On 47 Ot%)er *7 , a t0 n( %n t2e De&'r re r t%

E/0$ene, t2e RT! pr%&'l(ate$ 0 ts Judgment 34> 5 12ere0n 0 t

p r%ee$e$ t% res% l/e t2e s')e t ase )ase$ %n t2e

e /0 $e ne % 6 t 2e p r% se ' t0 %n . T2e RT! %n s0 $e re $a'se$-appellant t% 2a/e 1a0/e$ 2er r 0(2t t% present

e/0$ene, 2a/0n( 6 0 le$ t2eDemurrer to vidence 10 t2%'t

lea/e %6 %'rt.

In 6 0n$0n( a'se$-appellant E$na (' 0 lt? )e?%n$

reas%na) le $%') t % 6 t2e r 0&e % 6 A rs%n 1 0t2 M' lt 0 ple

#%&00$e, t2e RT! r'le$ t2at:

T2e 6 0 rs t ar('&ent %6 t2e a'se$ t2at s2e

0s 2ar(e$ 10 t2 an at n%t $e6 0ne$ an$ penal 0@e$)? la1 0 s 1 0 t2%' t &er 0 t . t2e ap t 0%n 12 022ar(es t2e a'se$ 10 t2 t2e r 0&e %6 Ars%n 10 t2M'l t0 p le #%&0 0$e 0 s &erel? $esr 0p t0 /e % 6 t2e 2a r( e % 6 Ar s% n t 2a t r es' lt e$ t % M 'l t0 pl e#%&0 0$e. T2e 6at 0s t2at t2e a'se$ 0s 2ar(e$1 0 t2 Ars%n 12 02 res'l te$ t% M' l t0 p le #%&0 0$e;$eat2 % 6 / 0 t 0&s< an$ t2a t 2ar(e 0 s e&)%$ 0e$

an$ state$ 0n t2e )%$? %6 t2e 0n6%r&at 0%n. C2at 0s%n tr% l l0 n( 0 s t2e a l le(a t 0%n 0n t2e )%$? % 6 t2eIn6%r&at 0%n an$ n%t t2e t 0 t le %r apt 0%n t2ere%6 . .

T2e se%n$ an$ t20r$ ar('&ents 10 l l )e

$0s'sse$ %0nt l? as t2e? are 0nterrelate$ 10t2ea2 %t2er. .

3C520 le t2ere 0s n% $0ret e/0$ene t2at p%0ntst% t2e a'se$ 0n t2e at %6 )'rn0n( t2e 2%'se% r a t'a ll ? s ta rt 0n ( t 2e s') e t 6 0r e, t 2e6% l l%10n( 0 r'&stanes t2at s2%1 t2at t2ea 's e$ 0nt ent 0%n al l? a's e$ %r 1asresp%ns 0) le 6% r t2e s')et 6 0 re 2a/e )een$'l? esta)l 0s2e$:

4 . t2at 0&&e$0atel? )e6%re t2e )'rn0n(%6 t2e 2%'se, t2e a'se$ 2'rr 0e$l? an$ 10 t22ea$ t'rn0n( 0n $0 6 6erent $0ret0%ns ;pal 0n(a-l 0n(a< 1ent %'t % 6 t2e sa 0$ 2%'se an$ r%$e ape$0a) apparentl? n%t n%10n( 12ere t% (% F

* . t2at 0&&e$0atel? a 6 ter t2e 6 0 re , 'p%n

a rep%r t t2at t2ere 1as a 1%&an 0n BalasanSt. 12% appears %n6'se$ an$ appre2ens0/e; )a l0 sa


13/26

I 6 t2ere 0s an? $%')t %6 2er ('0 l t t2at re&a0ns10t2 t2e 0r'&stant0al e/0$ene a(a0nst 2er,t2e sa&e 0s re&%/e$ %r %) l 0 tera te$ 10 t2 t2e%n6ess0%nsHa$&0ss0%ns %6 t2e %&&0ss0%n %6 t2e % 6 6ense an$ t2e &anner t2ere%6 t2at s2e&a$e t% t2e pr%se't0%n 10tnesses Baran(a?!2a 0r &a n Re& 0( 0% B er na r$ %, Mer e $0 taMen$%@a an$ t% t2e &e$0a, respet0/el?.

3# 5e r %n6ess 0%ns Ha$&0ss0%ns a re p%s0 t 0/ean%1le$(&ent % 6 (' 0l t % 6 t2e r 0&e an$appear t % 2a/e )een /%l'ntar 0 l? an$0ntell 0(ent l? (0/en. T2ese%n6ess0%nsHa$&0ss0%ns, espe0a l l? t2e %ne(0/en t% 2er ne0(2)%r Mere$0ta Men$%@a an$t2e &e$0a , a l)e 0 t 'n%'nsel le$ an$ &a$e120 le s2e 1as a l rea$? 'n$er t2e 'st%$? % 6

a't2%r 0 t 0es, 0 t 0s )el 0e/e$, are n%t /0%lat 0/e %6 2er r 0(2t 'n$er t2e !%nst0 t't 0%n.

T2e $eretal part %6 t2e RT!s Judgment rea$s:

C#EREORE, t2e De&'rrer t%

E/0$ene 0s 2ere)? $en0e$ an$ '$(&ent 0s2ere)? ren$ere$ 6 0n$ 0n( t2e a'se$ EDNAMALNGAN Y MAYO ('0 l t? )e?%n$ reas%na)le

$ %' )t % 6 t 2e r0 &e % 6 A rs%n 1 0t 2 M'l t0 pl e#%&00$e %r Ars%n res' l t 0n( t% t2e $eat2 % 6 s0 ;+< pe%ple an$ senten0n( 2er t% s'66er t2e&an$at%r? penalt? %6 $eat2, an$ %r$er0n( 2er t % p a? t 2e 2 e0 rs % 6 t 2e / 0 t0 &s R %) er t%Separa, Sr. an$ V0r(0n0a Separa an$ 20 l$renM02ael , Dap2ne, Pr 0s 0 l la an$ R%)er t% , "r .,t2e a&%'nt % 6 0 6 t? T2%'san$ ;P9,.<Pes%s 6%r ea2 /0t 0& an$ t2e a&%'nt %6 One#'n$re$ T2%'san$ ;P4,.< Pes%s aste&perate $a&a(es 6%r t2e0r )'rne$ 2%'se %r

a t%tal %6 %'r #'n$re$ T2%'san$

;P=,.< Pes%s an$ t% R%$%l 6% M%/0l lat 2e a &% 'n t % 6 O ne #'n $r e$ 3T2 %' sa n$ 5;P4,.< Pes%s.

D'e t% t2e $eat2 penal t? 0&p%se$ )? t2e RT!, t2e

ase 1as $ 0ret l ? e le/a te$ t% t2 0s !%'r t 6% r a't%&at 0

re /0e 1. ! %n 6%r& a) l? 1 0t 2 % 'r $e 0 s0 %n 0n)eople

v. $ren "ateo y 5arcia, 348 5 2%1e/er, 1e re6erre$ t2e ase

an$ 0 t s re% r$s t% t2e !A 6% r appr%pr 0ate a t0%n an$

$0sp%s0t 0%n.

On * Septe&)er *9, t2e !%'rt %6 Appeals a66 0 r&e$

10t2 &%$0 6 0a t0 %n t2e $e0s 0%n % 6 t2e RT!, t2e $a l lo %6

1202 rea$s:

C#EREORE, p re&0ses %ns0$ere$ , t2ea ss a0 l e$ O t %) e r 4 7, * 7 " '$ (& e nt % 6 t 2eRe(0%nal Tr0al !%'rt %6 Man0la, Bran2 =4, 6 0n$0n(a'se$-appe l lan t E$na Ma ln(an ? Ma?% (' 0l t ?)e?%n$ reas%na)le $%')t %6 Ars%n 10 t2 &'l t 0p le2%&0 0$e an$ senten0n( 2er t% s'6 6er t2e DEAT#PENALTY 0s 2ere)? AIRMED 10t2MODII!ATION 0n t2at s2e 0s 6'r t2er %r$ere$ t%pa? P9, . as &%ra l $a&a(es an$ an% t2er P9,. as ee&plar? $a&a(es 6%r ea2 %6 t2e/ 0 t 0&s 12% per 0 s2e$ 0n t2e 6 0 re , t% )e pa 0$ t%t2e0r 2e0rs. S2e 0s %r$ere$ t% pa? R%$%l6% M%/0 l la,

%ne 12%se 2%'se 1as a ls% )'rne$ , t2e s'& % 6 P9,. as ee&plar? $a&a(e. P'rs'ant t% Set 0%n 47 ;a< , R'le 4*= %6 t2e

* R'les %6 !r 0&0nal Pr%e$'re as a&en$e$ )? A. M. N% . -9 - 7- S! $a te $ Sep te &) er *> , * = ,1202 )ea&e e6 6et 0/e %n Ot%)er 49, *=, t2e! %' r t % 6 App ea l s, a 6 te r r en $ er 0 n( ' $( &e n t,2ere)? re6 ra 0ns 6 r%& &a0n( an entr? %6 '$(&entan$ 6%r t210 t2 ert 0 6 0es t2e ase an$ ele/ates t2eent 0 re re%r$ %6 t2 0s ase t% t2e S'pre&e !%'rt6%r re/0e1. 3 * 5

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn20http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn20


14/26

I t 0s t2e %ntent 0%n % 6 a'se$-appellant t2at t2e

e/0$ene presente$ )? t2e pr%se't0%n 0s n%t s'66 00ent t%

e sta) l0 s2 2 er ( '0 lt ) e?%n $ r ea s% na )l e $ %' )t a s t 2e

p er pe tr at%r % 6 t 2e r0 &e 2a r( e$ . I n s'p p% rt % 6 sa0 $

e 'l pa t% r? p r% p% s0 t0 %n , s2e a ss 0( ns t 2e 6 %l l% 10 n(

err%rs3*4 5

:

I .

T#E #ONORABLE !OURT ERRED IN RULINGT #AT T #E !I R! UM STANT IA L E VI DE N! EP RE SENTE D B Y T#E P ROSE !UT ION ISSUI!IENT TO !ONVI!T T#E A!!USEDF an$

I I .

T#E #ONORABLE !OURT ERRED IN AL LO CING AN D GIVI NG !RE DEN! E TO T#E#EARSAY EVIDEN!E AND UN!OUNSELLED ADM ISS IONS ALLEGE DLY GI VE N BY T#E A!! USE D TO T# E CIT NE SSE S BA RANG AY!#AIRMAN REMIGIO BERNARDO,MER!EDITA MENDOA AND T#E MEDIA.

THERE IS NO COMPLE" CRIME OF ARS ON WITH

(MULTIPLE) HOMICIDE .

T2e 4n$ormation 0 n t2 0s ase e rr%ne%'s l? 2ar(e$

a'se$-appellant 10 t2 a comple8 cr ime , i .e., !rs on wit h

"ult ip le #omicide . Present l? , t2ere are t1% ;*< la1s t2at

(%/ern t2e r 0&e %6 ars%n 12ere $eat2

res'lts t2ere6r%& !r t icl e 9:2 o$ the ;e vis ed )e na l Co de

' ;) C( , a s a me nd ed y ;ep u li c ! ct ' ;! ( No. < 03 =,

[22] an$ Section 3 o$ )residential Decree ')D( No. >0>9 [23] ,

'%te$ 2ere'n$er, t% 10t:

R#$%' P#()* Co'#: AR T. 7* . Destructive !rson. I6 as a conse?uence o$ the

commi ss io n o $ a ny o $ t he a ct s p en al ied under this !rt ic le, death results ,t 2e &an $a t% r? p en al t? % 6 $ ea t2 s2a ll ) e0&p%se$. 3E&p2as0s s'ppl0e$.5

P+#&%'#(%)* D#+## No. 11: S E! . 9 . he re Dea th ;esul ts $ ro m

!r son. 4 $ y reason o$ or on the occasion o$ t he ar son d eat h r es ult s, t2e penalt?%6 rec lus ion per pe tua t% $eat2 s2al l )e0&p%se$ . 3E& p2as0s s'ppl0e$.5

!r t. 9: 2 o$ the ;)C , as amen ded , 1 0t 2 r es pe t t %

$ es tr ' t0 /e a rs %n , a n$ t 2e p r% /0 s0 %n s % 6 )D No.

>0>9 respet 0n( % t2er ases %6 ars%n pr%/0$e only one

pe nalt y $or th e commis sio n o$ ars on, whet her co ns id ere d

destruct ive or o therwise, where death resul ts there$rom.

T2e raison d@ tre 0s t2at ars%n 0s 0 tsel 6 t2e en$ an$ $eat2 0s

s0&pl? t2e %nse'ene. 3 * = 5

C2et2er t2e r 0&e %6 ars%n 10 l l a)s%r) t2e res'ltant $eat2

%r 10 l l 2a/e t% )e a separate r 0&e a l t%(et2er , t2e % 0n t

$0s'ss0%n3*9 5 %6 t 2e l at e M r. ! 20e 6 " 's t0 e R a& %n

!. A'0n% an$ M&e. "'st0e !ar%l 0na !. Gr0%-A'0n%, %n

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn21http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn22http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn23http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn24http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn25http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn21http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn22http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn23http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn24http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn25


15/26

t2e s')et %6 t2e r 0&es %6 ars%n an$ &'r$erH2%&00$e, 0s

20(2l? 0nstr't0/e:

Gr%0@ar$ sa?s t2at 12en 6 0 re 0 s 'se$

10t2 t2e 0ntent t% 0 l l a part 0'lar pers%n 12%& a? ) e 0 n a 2 %' se a n$ t 2a t % ) e t0 /e 0 sat ta 0ne$ )? )'rn 0n( t2e 2%'se, t2e r 0&e 0s&'r$er %n l?. C2en t2e Penal !%$e $elarest2a t 0l l0 n( %&&0 tt e$ ) ? &ea ns % 6 6 0r e 0 s& 'r $e r, 0t 0nt en$ s t 2a t 6 0r e s 2%'l $ )ep'rp%sel? a$%pte$ as a &eans t% t2at en$.T2ere an )e n% &'r$er 10 t2%'t a $es0(n t%tae l 0 6e. 3*+ 5 In %t2er 1%r$s, 0 6 t2e &a0n %)et%6 t2e %66en$er 0s t% 0 l l )? &eans %6 6 0 re, t2e%66ense 0s &'r$er. B't 0 6 t2e &a0n %)et0/e 0st 2e ) 'r n0 n( % 6 t 2e ) '0 l$ 0n (, t 2e r es'l t0 n(2%&0 0$e &a? )e a)s%r)e$ )? t2e r 0&e % 6 ars%n. 3 * 5

I 6 t2e 2%'se 1as set %n 6 0 re a 6 ter t2e / 0 t 0&st 2e re 0n 1 er e 0l le $, 6 0r e 1 %' l$ n %t ) e a'al0 6? 0n( 0 r'&stane. T2e a'se$ 1%'l$)e l 0a)le 6%r t2e separate %66enses %6 &'r$er %r 2%&0 0$e, as t2e ase &a? )e, an$ ars%n.3 * > 5

A %r$ 0n (l ?, 0n as es 12 er e )%t 2 )'r n0 n( an$ $e at 2 % 'r,

0 n % r$ er t % $ eter &0 ne 12a t r0 &e H r0 &e s 1as H1e re

p er pe tr at e$ 1 2e t2 er a rs %n , & 'r $e r % r a rs %n a n$

2%&00$eH&'r$er , 0 t 0 s de r igueur t% ase r ta 0n t2e &a 0n

%)et0/e %6 t2e &ale6at%r: ;a< 0 6 t2e &a0n %)et0/e 0s t2e

)'rn0n( % 6 t2e )' 0 l$ 0n( %r e$ 0 60e , )'t $eat2 res'l ts )?

r ea s% n % r % n t 2e % as 0% n % 6 a rs %n , t 2e r0 &e 0 s

s0&pl? arson, an$ t2e res'lt 0n( 2%&00$e 0s a)s%r)e$F ;)<

0 6, % n t 2 e % t2 er 2 an $, t 2e &a0 n % ) e t0 /e 0 s t % 0l l a

par t 0' la r pe rs%n 12% &a? )e 0n a )' 0l $ 0n( % r e$ 06 0 e ,

12en 6 0 re 0s res%rte$ t% as t2e &eans t% a%&pl 0s2 s'2

(%al t2e r 0&e %&&0t te$ 0s murder %nl?F last l?, ;< 0 6 t2e

%)et 0/e 0s , l 0 e10se, t% 0 l l a par t 0' lar pers%n, an$ 0n

6at t2e %66en$er 2as alrea$? $%ne s%, )'t 6 0 re 0s res%rte$

t% as a &eans t% %/er 'p t2e 0 l l 0n(, t2en t2ere are t1%separate an$ $ 0st0nt r 0&es %&&0t te$ homicide6murder

and arson .

C2ere t2en $%es t20s ase 6al l 'n$er

r%& a rea$0n( %6 t2e )%$? %6 t2e In6%r&at0%n:

T2at %n % r a)%'t "an'ar? * , *4, 0 n t2e

!0t? %6 Man0la, P20 l 0pp0nes, t2e sa0$ a'se$, within ten t to cause damage, $ 0$ t 2e n a n$ t 2e re10 l l 6' l l? , 'nla16'l l? , 6e l%n0%'s l? an$ delierately set $ i re upon the two-storey res ident ia l house %6 ROBERTO SEPARA an$ 6a&0l ? &%st l ? &a$e % 6 1%%$en &ater 0als l%ate$ at N%.4 * M % $e rna S t ., Bal ' t, T%n $ %, t 20 s 0 t?, ) ?l 0( 2 t0 n( r' & pl e$ n e 1s pa p er 1 0t 2 t 2e ' se % 6 $ 0sp%sa)le l 0(2ter 0ns 0$e sa0$ 2%'se n%10n( t2esa&e t% )e an 0n2a)0 te$ 2%'se an$ s 0 t'ate$ 0n at2 0 l? p%p' la te$ p lae an$ as a %nse'enet 2e re% 6 a %n 6 la ( ra t 0% n e ns ' e$ a n$ t 2e s a0 $

)'0 l$ 0n(, t%(et2er 10 t2 s%&e se/en ;< a$% 0n 0n(res 0$en t0a l 2%'ses , 1ere ra@e$ )? 6 0 reF tha t y reason and on the occasion o$ the said $ i re , t2e6%l l%10n(, na&el?,

4. R%)ert% Separa, Sr. , =9 ?ears %6

a(e*. V0 r(0n 0a Separa ? Men$%@a, =

?ears %6 a(e7. M02ael Separa, *= ?ears %6 a(e=. Dap2ne Separa, 4> ?ears %6 a(e9. Pr0s0 l la Separa, 4= ?ears %6 a(e

+. R%)ert% Separa, "r . , 44 ?ears %6 a(e



16/26

s ' st a0 n e$ ) ' rn 0 n ' r0 es 1 20 2 1 ere t 2 e

$0ret a'se %6 t2e0r $eat2 0&&e$0atel? t2erea6ter.3*8 5 3E&p2as0s s'ppl 0e$.5

a'se$-appel lan t 0 s )e 0n( 2ar(e$ 1 0 t2 t2e r 0&e % 6

ars%n. I t 0 t 0s lear 6r%& t2e 6%re(%0n( t2at 2er 0ntent 1as&erel? t% $estr%? 2er e&pl%?ers 2%'se t2r%'(2 t2e 'se %6

6 0 re.

Ce n%1 (% t% t2e 0 ss'es ra 0se$. Un$er t2e 6 0 r st

ass0(n&ent % 6 er r%r , 0n asser t 0n( t2e 0ns'6 6 0 0en? % 6 t2e

p r%se' t 0%ns e/ 0$ene t% es ta) l0 s2 2e r (' 0l t )e?%n$

reas%na) le $%') t , a'se$-appe l lant a r('es t2at t2e

p r% se ' t0 %n 1as % nl ? a )l e t % a $$ 'e 0r ' &s ta nt 0a l

e /0 $e ne 2 ar $l ? e n% '( 2 t % p r% /e 2 er ( '0 lt ) e?%n $

reas%na) le $%') t. S2e ra t0 % 0na tes t2at t2e 6% ll %10n(

0r'&stanes: 4. T2at 0&&e$0atel? )e6%re t2e )'rn0n( %6

t2e 2%'se , t2e a'se$ 2'rr 0e$ l? an$10t2 2ea$ t'rn0n( 0n $0 6 6erent $0ret0%ns;pal 0 n(a -l 0 n(a< 1ent %' t % 6 t2e sa 0$

2%'se an$ r%$e a pe$0a) apparent l?n% t n%10n( 12ere t% (% 6% r s2e 6 0 r s tre'este$ t% )e )r%'(2t t% N0pa St. )'t'p%n rea20n( t2ere re'este$ a(a0n t%)e )r%'(2t t% Balasan St. as s2%1n )?t2e test 0&%n? % 6 p r%se' t 0%n 1 0 tnessR%lan$% Gr'taF

*. T2at 0&&e$0atel? a6ter t2e 6 0 re, 'p%n a

r ep %r t t 2a t t 2e re 1 as a 1 %& an 0 nBalasan St. 12% appears %n6'se$ an$

appre2ens0/e ;al isa< , t 2e B ar an (a ?!2a0 r&an an$ 2 0 s tan%$s 1ent t2ere ,

6%'n$ t2e a'se$ an$ appre2en$e$2er an$ ) r%'(2 t 2e r t% t2e )a ran(a?2 al l a s s 2% 1n ) ? t 2e t es t0 &% n? % 6 Baran(a? !2a0r&an Re&0(0% Bernar$%Fan $

7 . T2a t 12e n s2e 1as a pp re 2e n$ e$ a n$

0n/est 0(ate$ )? t2e )aran(a? %6 6 0 0a ls

a n$ 12e n 2 er ) a( 1as % pe ne $, t 2esa&e %nta0ne$ a $0sp%sa)le l 0(2ter asl 0e10se s2%1n )? t2e test 0&%n? %6 t2eBaran(a? !2a0r&an. 3 7 5

6a ll s2%r t % 6 p r%/ 0n( t2at s2e 2a$ an? 0n/% l/e&ent 0 n

sett 0n( 2er e&pl%?ers 2%'se %n 6 0 re, &'2 less s2%1 ('0 l t

)e?%n$ reas%na) le $%') t, ( 0 /en t2at 0 t 0 s a 6at t2at

2%'se&a0$s are t2e 6 0 rst pers%ns 0n t2e 2%'se t% 1ae 'p

earl? t% per6%r& r%'t0ne 2%res 6%r t2e0r e&pl%?ers, 374 5 %ne

%6 1202 0s prepar 0n( an$ %%0n( t2e &%rn 0n( &eal 6%r

t2e &e&)ers %6 t2e 2%'se2%l$F an$ neess0 t? re'0res 2er

t% (% %' t ea r l ? t% l %% 6% r %pen s t% res % r e/en near)?

&aretp laes t% )'? t2 0n(s t2at 10 l l %&plete t2e ear l?

&eal 6%r t2e $a?. 37* 5 S2e t2en %nl'$es t2at 0 t 1as n%r&al

6% r 2e r t% 2a/e )een seen (%0n( %' t % 6 2e r e&p l%?ers

2%'se 0n a 2'rr? at t2at t 0&e %6 t2e $a? an$ t% l%% at al l$ 0ret 0 %ns t% 0 ns' re t2a t t2e 2%'se 0 s se're an$ t2at

t2ere are n% %t2er pers%ns 0n t2e /00n0t?. 3 7 7 5

Ce are 6ar 6r%& pers'a$e$.

Tr'e, )? t2e nat're % 6 t2e 0 r %)s, 2%'se&a0$s are

re'0re$ t% start t2e $a? earl?F 2%1e/er, %ntrar? t% sa0$

asser t 0%n, t2e at'at 0%ns an$ t2e $e&ean%r % 6 a'se$-



17/26

a pp el la nt % n t 2a t 6 at e6'l e ar l? &%r n0 n( a s % )ser /e $

6 0 rs t2an$ )? R%lan$% Gr'ta , %ne %6 t2e 10 tnesses %6 t2e

pr%se't0%n, )el 0e 2er la0& %6 n%r&al?, t% 10t:

Q: Y%' sa 0$ ?%' sa1 E$na %&0n( %'t 6 r%&

t2e 2%'se %6 t2e Separa a&0 l? . C2at

2appene$ 12en ?%' sa1 E$na %&0n(% 't 6 r% & t 2e 2 %' se % 6 t 2e S ep ar aa&0l?

A: ala pa pong ano yan naisakay ko na siya

sa sidecar . Q: An$ 12at $0$ ?%' %)ser/e 6r%& E$na 12en

?%' sa1 2er %&0n( %'t 6r%& t2e 2%'se%6 t2e Separa 6a&0l?

A: Nagmamadal i po siyan g lu mak ad at pa l in ga- l in ga .

Q : A 6t er s2e ) %a r$ e$ ?%' r p e$ 0a) , 12a t

2appene$, 0 6 an? A: Nagpahatid po siya sa akin . Q: C2ere

A: T% N0pa St ree t , s0r . Q : D 0$ ?%' ) r 0n( 2er t% N 0pa S treet as s2e

re'este$ A: Yes , s0r .

Q : Y%' sa0 $ t 2a t ?%' ) r% '( 2t 2 er t % N 0p aSt reet . C2at 2appene$ 12en ?%' (%;s0< t2ere at N0pa Street, 0 6 an?

A: Nagpah into po s i ya doon ng sagl i t, mga

tatlong minuto po . Q: C2at $ 0$ s2e $% 12en s2e ase$ ;?%'< t%

st%p t2ere 6%r t2ree &0n'tes A: A6 ter t2r ee &0n' tes s2e re ' este$ &e t%

)r 0n( 2er $0retl? t% Balasan Street, s0r .

Ce '%te 10 t2 appr%/a l t2e pr%n%'ne&ent % 6 t2e

RT! 0n $ 0sre$ 0 t 0n( a'se$-appellants a 6%re&ent 0%ne$

rat0%nale:

3O 5)/ 0%'s l? 0 t 0 s ne/er n% r&a l, %&&%n % r %r $0n ar ? t % le a/ e t 2e 2% 's e 0n s ' 2 a$ 0s t'r)e$ , ner/%'s an$ a( 0ta te$ &anner ,$e&ean%r an$ %n$ 0 t0 %n . T2e t 0&0n( % 6 2er 2'r r 0e$ $epar t' re an$ ner/%'s $e&ean%r 0&&e$0atel? )e6%re t2e 6 0 re 12en s2e le6t t2e2 %' se a n$ r %$ e a p e$ 0a) a n$ 2 er sa&e$e&ean%r, p2?s 0a l an$ &enta l %n$ 0 t0 %n

12en 6%'n$ an$ appre2en$e$ a t t2e sa&eplae 12ere s2e al 0(2te$ 6r%&t2e pe$0a) an$ t2e $0s%/er? %6 t2e l 0(2ter 0n2er )a( t 2er ea6 ter 12 en 0n/ es t0(a te$0n$0sp'ta)l? s2%1 2er ('0 l t as 2ar(e$. 3 7 = 5

Al l t2e 10 tne sses ar e 0n a %r$ t2a t a 's e$-

app ella nt s a( 0t at e$ app ear an e 1a s %'t %6 t 2e



18/26

% r$ 0n ar ?. R e& ar a )l ?, s 2e 2 as n e/ er $ en 0e $ t 20 s

%)ser/at0%n.

Ce (0/e (reat 1e0(2t t% t2e 6 0n$0n(s %6 t2e RT! an$

s% a%r$ re$ene t% t2e test0&%n0es %6 t2e pr%se't0%n

10 tnesses as 0 t 2a$ t2e %pp%r t'n 0t? t% %)ser/e t2e&

$0retl?. T2e re$0)0 l 0 t? (0/en )? tr 0a l %'rts t% pr%se't0%n

1 0t ne sses 0 s a n 0 &p %r ta nt a sp e t % 6 e /0 $e ne 120 2

a pp el la te %' rt s an r el ? % n ) ea' se % 6 0 ts ' n0 ' e

%pp%rt'n0 t? t% %)ser/e t2e&, part 0'lar l? t2e0r $e&ean%r,

%n $' t , a n$ a tt 0t '$ e, $ 'r 0n ( t 2e $ 0r e t a n$ r% ss -

e a &0 na t0 %n ) ? %' nsel s. #er e, Re& 0( 0% B er na r$ %,

R%lan$% Gr'ta an$ Mere$0ta Men$%@a are $0s0ntereste$

10 tnesses an$ t2ere 0 s n% t an 0%ta % 6 e/ 0$ene 0n t2e

re%r$s t% 0n$0ate t2at t2e? are s')%rne$ 10tnesses. T2e

re%r$s % 6 t2e RT! e/en s2%1 t2at Re&0(0% Bernar$%,

t2e Baran(a? !2a0 r&an , ept a'se$-appel lan t 6 r%&

)e0n( &a'le$ )? t2e an(r? r%1$ %'ts0$e %6

t2e )aran(a? 2al l :

Pr%s. Re)a(a?:

N %1, 12 % 1 er e pr es en t 12 en t 2ea'se$ are ;s0< tel l 0n( ?%' t20s

A: 4yon nga iyong mga tanod ko, mamamayan

doon nakapal igid, siyempre may sunog nagkakagulo , gusto nga s iyang kuninng mga mamamayan para saktan h ind i ko ma i igay papa tay in s i ya gawa ng m ay na mat ay eh ani m na t ao a nd

namatay, kaya iyong mga taok inokon t ro l s i ya madid isg rasya s i yadahi l p in-po in ted po s iya, *our #onor ,iyong dami na iyon l io iyong n akap al ig id d oo n sa ar an ga y h al l n ap akah ir ap a wa ti n. 5 us t in g- gu stos iyan g kun in n g mga tao ng - ayan ,nagal i t dah i l ang daming ahay hong

nasunog . 3 7 9 5

A 's e$- ap pe l lan t 2a s n%t s2% 1n an ? %& pel l 0n (

r ea s% n 12? t 2e 1 0t ne sses p re se nte$ 1%' l$ % pe nl ?,

p')l 0l? an$ $el 0)eratel? l 0e %r %n%t a st%r?, t% sen$ an

0nn%ent pers%n t% a0 l a l l t2e 120 le n%10n( t2at t2e real

&a le 6a t%r re&a 0ns a t l a r(e . S'2 p r%p%s0 t 0%n $e6 0es

l%( 0. An$ 12ere t2e $e6ense 6a 0 le$ t% s2%1 an? e/0 l %r

0&pr%per &%t0/e %n t2e part %6 t2e pr%se't0%n 10tnesses,

t2e pres'&pt0%n 0s t2at t2e0r test 0&%n0es are tr'e an$ t2's

ent0 t le$ t% 6'l l 6a 0 t2 an$ re$ene. 3 7 + 5

C 20 le t 2e p r% se ' t0 %n 1 0t ne ss es $ 0$ n %t s ee

a'se$-appellant at'al l? s tar t0n( t2e 6 0 re t2at )'rne$

se/eral 2%'ses an$ 0 l le$ t2e Separa 6a&0l?, 2er ('0 l t &a?

s t 0l l )e es ta) l0 s2e$ t2 r%'(2 0 r'&stan t 0a l e/ 0$ene

pr%/0$e$ t2at: ;4< t2ere 0s &%re t2an %ne 0r'&staneF ;*<

t 2e 6 a ts 6 r% & 120 2 t 2e 0 n6 er en e s a re $ er 0/e$ a re

pr%/enF an$, ;7< t2e %&)0nat0%n %6 al l t2e 0r'&stanes

0s s'2 as t% p r%$'e %n/ 0t 0 %n )e?%n$ reas%na) le

$%')t. 3 7 5



19/26

!0 r'&stan t 0a l e/ 0$ene 0 s t2at e/ 0$ene 12 02

pr%/es a 6a t % r se r 0es % 6 6a ts 6 r%& 12 02 t2e 6a ts 0 n

0ss'e &a? )e esta)l 0s2e$ )? 0n6erene. 37> 5 I t 0s 6%'n$e$ %n

e p er 0e n e a n$ % )s er /e $ 6 a ts a n$ %0 n 0$ en e s

esta)l 0s20n( a %nnet0%n )et1een t2e n%1n an$ pr%/en

6ats an$ t2e 6ats s%'(2t t% )e p r%/e$.378 5

In % r$e r t%) r 0n( a)%' t a %n/ 0t 0 %n , t2e 0 r'&stan t 0a l e/ 0$ene

presente$ &'st %nst0 t'te an 'n)r%en 2a0n, 1202 lea$s

t% %ne 6a 0r an$ reas%na) le %n l's 0%n p% 0n t 0n( t% t2e

a'se$, t% t2e el's0%n %6 %t2ers, as t2e ('0 l t? pers%n.

3 = 5

In t2 0s ase , t2e 0nte rl% 0n( test 0&%n 0es % 6 t2e

pr%se't 0%n 10 tnesses, taen t%(et2er, ee&pl 0 6? a ase

12 er e %n /0 t 0% n an )e ' p2e l$ %n t 2e )a s0s %6

0r ' &s tan t0 al e /0 $e ne. 0r st , p r% se ' t0 %n 1 0t ne ss

R%lan$% Gr'ta , t2e $r 0/er % 6 t2e pe$0a) t2at a'se$-

appel lant r%$e %n, test 0 6 0e$ t2at 2e ne1 6%r a 6at t2at

s2e 1%re$ as a 2%'se&a0$ % 6 t2e / 0 t 0&s, an$ t2at 2e

p%s0 t0/e l? 0$ent 0 6 0e$ 2er as t2e pers%n 2'rr0e$ l? lea/0n(

t2e 2%'se %6 t2e / 0 t 0&s %n * "an'ar? *4 at =:=9 a .&.,

an$ a t0n( 0n a ner/%'s &anner. T2at 12 0le r 0 $0n( %n

t2e p e$ 0a) , a 'se$ -a pp el la nt 1as ' ns'r e % 6 2 er

0n ten$e$ $est 0nat 0%n. Up%n rea20n( t2e p lae 12ere 2e

%r0(0nal l? p0e$ 'p a'se$-appel lant %nl? a 6e1 &0n'tes

a6 ter $r%pp0n( 2er %66, R%lan$% Gr'ta sa1

t2eSeparas 2%'se )e0n( ('tte$ )? a )la@0n(

6 0 re . Se%n$, Re&0( 0% Bernar$% test 0 60 e$ t2at 2e an$

20s tanods, 0n l'$ 0n( R%lan$% Gr'ta , 1ere t2e %nes 12%

p0e$ 'p a'se$-appellant E$na

at Balasan Street ;12ere R%lan$% Gr'ta $r%ppe$ 2er %66<

a 6 te r ree 0/0n( a a ll t2at t2ere 1as a 1%&an a t0n(

s tr an (e l? a t sa0 $ s tr ee t a n$ 12% a pp ea re $ t % 2 a/e

n%12ere t% (%. T2 0 r$ , SPO= Dan0l% Tal'san %/er2ear$

a'se$-appel lant a$&0t t% !ar&el 0 ta Val$e@, a rep%rter %6

!2annel * ;ABS-!BN< t2at sa0$ a'se$-appel lant starte$t2e 6 0 re, pl's t2e 6at t2at 2e 1as a)le see t2e teleast %6

G's A)el(as s2%1 12ere a'se$-appellant, 120 le )e0n(

0nter/0e1e$, %n6esse$ t% t2e r 0&e as 1el l . T2e 6%re(%0n(

test0&%n0es 'tap%se$ 10t2 t2e test0&%n?

%6Mere$0ta Men$%@a /a l 0$at 0n( t2e 6at t2at a'se$-

appel lant %n6esse$ t% 2a/0n( starte$ t2e 6 0 re 1202 0 l le$

t2e S ep ar a 6 a& 0l ? a s 1el l a s ) 'r ne $ se/en 2 %' se s

0 n l' $0 n( t 2a t % 6 t 2e / 0 t0 &s , %n /0 n 0n (l ? 6 %r & a n

' n) r% e n 2a 0n , 1 20 2 l ea $s t % t 2e ' na ss a0 la )l e

%nl's0%n p 0np%0n t0n( a'se$-appellant as t2e pers%n

)e20n$ t2e r 0&e %6 s0&ple ars%n.

In 2er se%n$ ass0(ne$ er r%r , a'se$-appellant

'e st 0% ns t 2e a $& 0s s0 )0 l0 t? % 6 2 er ' n %' ns el le $

etra '$0 0a l %n6ess0%n ( 0/en t% pr%se't 0%n 10 tnesses,

na&el? Re&0(0% Bernar$%, Mere$0ta Men$%@a, an$ t% t2e

&e$0a . A'se$-appe llant E$na %nten$s t2at )e 0n(

'n%'nsel le$ etra'$00al %n6ess0%n, 2er a$&0ss0%ns t%

2a/0n( %&&0t te$ t2e r 0&e 2ar(e$ s2%'l$ 2a/e )een

el'$e$ 0n e/ 0$ene a(a0nst 2er 6%r )e 0n( / 0% la t 0/e % 6

Ar t 0 le I I I , Se t0%n 4* ;4 < %6 t2e !% ns t0 t't 0% n.

Part 0'lar l?, s2e taes eept0%n t% t2e test0&%n? %6

pr%se't 0%n 10 tnesses Re&0( 0% Bernar$% an$ Mere$0 ta

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20/26

Men $% @a 6 %r ) e0 n( 2 ea rsa? a n$ 0 n t 2e n at'r e % 6 a n

'n%'nsel le$ a$&0ss0%n.

C0 t2 t2e a)%/e / 0 ta l p 0ees % 6 e/ 0$ene el'$e$,

a'se$-appellant 0s % 6 t2e p%s0t 0%n t2at t2e re&a0n 0n(

p r% %6 % 6 2 er a ll e( e$ ( '0 lt , %n s0 st 0n ( 0 n t 2e &a0 n % 6 0 r'&stant 0a l e/ 0$ene, 0s 0na$e'ate t% esta) l 0s2 2er

('0 l t )e?%n$ reas%na)le $%')t.

Ce part l? $0sa(ree.

Ar t 0le I I I , Se t 0%n 4* %6 t2e !%n st0t 't 0% n 0n par t

pr%/0$es:

;4< An? pers%n 'n$er 0n/est 0(at 0%n 6%r

t2e %&&0ss0%n % 6 an % 6 6ense s2a l l 2a/e t2er 0(2 t t% )e 0n 6% r&e$ % 6 2 0 s r 0 (2t t% re&a 0ns0 lent an$ t% 2a/e %&petent an$ 0n$epen$ent%'nsel pre 6era) l? % 6 2 0s %1n 2%0e. I 6 t2epers%n ann%t a66%r$ t2e ser/0es %6 %'nsel,2e &'st )e pr%/0$e$ 10 t2 %ne. T2ese r 0(2tsann%t )e 1a0/e$ eept 0n 1r0 t 0n( an$ 0n t2epresene %6 %'nsel.

; 7< An ? %n6 es s0 %n %r a $& 0s s0%n

%)ta0ne$ 0n /0%lat 0%n %6 t20s Set0%n %r Set0%n4 2ere%6 s2al l )e 0na$&0ss0)le 0n e/0$ene.

C e 2 a/e 2 el $ t 2a t t 2e a )% /e ' %te$ p r% /0 s0 %n

appl 0es t% t2e sta(e %6 'st%$ 0a l 0n/est 0(at 0%n 12en t2e

0 n/es t0 (a t0 %n 0 s n % l %n (e r a ( en er al 0 n '0 r? 0 nt % a n

'ns%l/e$ r 0&e )'t starts t% 6%'s %n a part 0'lar pers%n

as a s'spe t . 3=4 5 Sa0$ %nst0 t' t 0%na l ('arantee 2as a ls%

)een eten$e$ t% s0 t'at0%ns 0n 1202 an 0n$0/0$'al 2as n%t

)een 6%r&all? ar reste$ )'t 2as &ere l? )een 0n/ 0te$ 6%r

'est0%n0n(. 3 = * 5

T% )e a$&0ss0) le 0n e/ 0$ene a(a0nst an a'se$,t 2e e t ra ' $0 0 al %n 6e ss 0% ns &a$ e &'s t sat 0s 6 ? t 2e

6%l l%10n( re'0re&ents:

;4 < 0 t &'st )e /%l'ntar?F;* < 0 t &'st )e &a$e 10 t2 t2e ass0stane %6

%&petent an$ 0n$epen$ent %'nselF;7 < 0 t &'st )e epressF an$;=< 0 t &'st )e 0n 1r0 t 0n(. 3 = 7 5

!r gua l y , t 2e ) ar an (a ? t an %$ s, 0 n l' $0 n( t 2e

Baran(a? !2a0r&an, 0n t2 0s par t0' lar 0nstane, ma y )e

$ ee &e $ a s l a1 e n6%r e &e nt % 66 0er 6 %r p 'r p% se s % 6

a pp l? 0n ( Ar t0 l e I II , S e t0 %n 4 *; 4< a n$ ; 7< , % 6 t 2e

!%nst 0t' t0 %n. C2en a'se$-appel lan t 1as ) r%'(2t t%

t2e )aran(a? 2a l l 0n t2e &%rn0n( % 6* "an'ar? *4, s2e

1as a l rea$? a s'spet , at'a l l? t2e %n l? %ne, 0n t2e 6 0 re

t2at $estr%?e$ se/eral 2%'ses as 1el l as 0 l le$ t2e 12%le

6a&0l? %6 R%)ert%Separa, Sr. S2e 1as, t2ere6%re, alrea$?

'n$er 'st%$0al 0n/est0(at0%n an$ t2e r 0(2ts ('arantee$ )?

Ar t 0 le I I I , Se t 0%n 4* ;4


21/26

$%ne 0n t2e p resene % 6 %'nsel . % r t2 0s reas%n , t2e

%n6ess 0%n % 6 a'se$-appel lan t , ( 0 /en t% Baran(a?

!2a0r&an Re&0(0% Bernar$%, as 1el l as t2e l 0(2ter 6%'n$

)? t2e la t ter 0 n 2e r )a( a re 0na$&0ss0)le 0 n e/ 0$ene

a(a0ns t 2er as s'2 1ere %)ta 0ne$ 0n / 0%la t0 %n % 6 2e r

%nst0 t't 0%nal r 0(2ts.

Be t2at as 0 t &a?, t2e 0na$&0ss0) 0 l 0t? % 6 a'se$-

appe l lan ts %n6ess 0%n t% Baran(a? !2a0 r&an Re&0( 0%

Bernar$% an$ t2e l 0(2ter as e/0$ene $% n%t a't%&at0al l?

lea$ t% 2er a'0 t tal . I t s2%'l$ 1el l )e rea l le$ t2at t2e

%nst0 t't 0%nal sa6e('ar$s $'r 0n( 'st%$0al 0n/est0(at0%ns

$% n%t appl? t% t2%se n%t el 00 te$ t2r%'(2 'est0%n0n( )?

t2e p%l 0e %r t2e0r a(ents )'t (0/en 0n an %r$0nar? &anner

12ere)? t2e a'se$ /er)al l? a$&0ts t% 2a/0n( %&&0tte$

t2e %6 6ense as 12at 2appene$ 0n t2e ase at )ar 12en

a'se$-appel lant a$&0tte$ t% Mere$0ta Men$%@a, %ne %6

t2e ne 0(2)%rs % 6 R%)er t% Separa, Sr . , t% 2a/0n( star te$

t2e 6 0 re 0n t2e Separas 2%'se. T2e test0&%n? %6 Mere$0ta

Men$%@a re%'nt 0n( sa 0$ a$&0ss0%n 0s , 'n6%rt'nate l? 6%r

a'se$-appel lant, a$&0ss0)le 0n e/0$ene a(a0nst 2er an$

0s n%t %/ere$ )? t2e a6%resa0$ %nst0 t't 0%nal ('arantee.

Ar t 0le I I I %6 t2 e !%n st0t 't 0% n, %r t2e B0 ll %6 R0 (2 ts, s%le l?

(%/erns t2e re lat 0%ns2 0p )et1een t2e 0n$ 0/ 0$'al %n %ne

2an$ an$ t2e State ;an$ 0 ts a(ents< %n t2e %t2erF 0 t $%es

n% t %nern 0 t se l 6 1 0 t2 t2e rela t0 %n )e t1een a p r 0/a te

0n$0/0$'al an$ an%t2er pr 0/ate 0n$0/0$'al as )%t2 a'se$-

appe l lan t an$ p r%se' t 0%n 1 0 tness Mere$0 taMen$%@a

'n$%')te$l? are. 3== 5 #ere, t2ere 0s n% e/0$ene %n re%r$

t% s2% 1 t2a t sa0 $ 1 0t ne ss 1as a t 0n ( ' n$ er p %l 0e

a't2%r0t?, s% appr%pr0atel?, a'se$-

appel lants 'n%'nselle$ etra'$ 0 0a l %n6ess0%n t% sa 0$

10tness 1as pr%perl? a$&0tte$ )? t2e RT!.

A 's e$- ap pe l lan t l 0 e10 se as sa0l s t2e a$& 0s s0% n %6

t2e test 0&%n? %6 SPO= Dan0l% Tal'san. !%nten$0n( t2at

3152en SPO= Dan0 l% Tal'santest0 6 0e$ 0n %'rt, 20s st%r? 0s

& %r e % 6 e /e nt s, 1 20 2 a re n %t 1 0t 20 n 2 0s p er s% na l

n%1le$(e )'t )ase$ 6 r%& a%'n ts % 6 1 0tnesses 12%

$er 0/e$ 0n 6%r&at 0%n a l le(e$l? 6 r%& t2e a'se$ %r s%&e

%t2er pers%ns . In % t2er 1%r$s, s2e %) ets t% t2e

test0&%n? 6%r )e0n( &erel? 2earsa?. C0t2 t20s 0&p'tat0%n

%6 0na$&0ss0)0 l 0 t?, 1e a(ree 10t2 12at t2e !%'rt %6 Appeals

2a$ t% sa?:

Al t2 %'( 2 t2 0s te st 0& %n ? %6

SO= Dan0 l% Tal'san 0s 2earsa? )ea'se 2e 1asn %t p re se nt 1 2e n G 's A )e l( as 0 nt er /0 e1 e$a'se$-appel lant EDNA, 0 t &a? ne/ert2eless )ea $& 0t te $ 0 n e /0 $e n e a s a n 0 n$ ep en $e nt l?re le/ant s tate&ent t% esta)l 0s2 n%t t2e t r't2 )'tt2e ten%r % 6 t2e s ta te&ent % r t2e 6a t t2a t t2estate&ent 1as &a$e 3Pe%ple / . Mal lar 0 , G.R. N%.4 7 9 = , " ' l? * , 4 88 8 , 7 4 S! RA + * 4 0t 0 n(Pe%ple /. !'s0, "r., G.R. N%. L-*8>+, A'('st 4=,48+9, 4= S!RA 8==.5 . In ) eop le vs.&elas?ue , 5.;. Nos. >9:093 A >B9, : 22 >, 9 3: S C; ! B 33 , t2 eS'pre&e !%'rt r'le$ t2at:

Un$er t2e $%tr0ne %6

0n$epen$ent l? re le/ant s tate&ents,re(ar$ less % 6 t2e 0r t r' t2 % r 6a l s0 t ?,t2e 6a t t2a t s'2 s ta te&ents 2a/e)een &a$e 0s re le/ant . T2e 2earsa?



22/26

r' le $%e s n %t app l?, an$ t2 es ta te &e nt s a re a $& 0s s0 )l e a se/0$ene. E/0$ene as t% t2e &a0n(%6 s'2 state&ent 0s n%t se%n$ar?)'t pr 0&ar?, 6%r t2e s tate&ent 0 tse l 6 &a? %nst 0 t'te a 6at 0n 0ss'e %r )e 0 r'&stan t 0a l l ? re le/ant as t% t2ee0stene %6 s'2 a 6at. 3 = 9 5

As re( ar $s t2e %n6 ess0 %n (0 /en )? a 's e$-

appel lant t% t2e &e$0a, 1e nee$ n%t $0s'ss 0 t 6'rt2er 6%r

t2e rep%rters 1ere ne/er presente$ t% test0 6? 0n %'rt.

As a 6 0na l atte&pt at e 'lp at 0% n, a 's e$ -ap pel la nt

asserts t2at s0ne t2e 0$ent0 t 0es %6 t2e )'rne$ )%$0es 1ere

ne/er %nl's0/el? esta)l 0s2e$, s2e ann%t )e resp%ns0)le

6%r t2e0r $eat2s.

S'2 assert 0%n 0s )ere6t %6 &er0 t .

In t2e r 0&e %6 ars%n, t2e 0$ent 0 t 0es % 6 t2e / 0 t 0&s

are 0&&ater 0al 0n t2at 0ntent t% 0 l l t2e& part 0'lar l? 0s n%t

%ne % 6 t2e e le&en ts % 6 t2e r 0&e. As 1e 2a/e lar 0 60 e$

earl 0er, t2e 0 l l 0n( %6 a pers%n 0s a)s%r)e$ 0n t2e 2ar(e %6 ars%n, s 0&ple %r $estr't 0/e. T2e pr%se't 0%n nee$ %n l?

pr%/e, t2at t2e )'rn0n( 1as 0ntent0%nal an$ t2at 12at 1as

0ntent0%nal l? )'rne$ 0s an 0n2a)0t e$ 2%'se %r

$1el l 0n( . A(a0n , 0 n t2e ase % 6 )eople v. Soriano,3=+ 5 1e

epla0ne$ t2at:

Alt 2%' (2 0n ten t &a? )e an 0n( re$ 0e nt %6

t2e r 0&e %6 !r son , 0 t &a? )e 0n6erre$ 6r%& t2eats % 6 t2e a'se$. T2ere 0s a pres'&pt 0%n

t2at %ne 0nten$s t2e nat'ral %nse'enes %6 2 0 s a t F an$ 12en 0 t 0 s s2%1n t2a t %ne 2as$ el 0) er at el ? s et 6 0r e t % a ) '0 l$ 0n (, t 2epr%se't 0%n 0s n%t )%'n$ t% pr%$'e 6'r t2er e/0$ene %6 20s 1r%n(6'l 0ntent. 3 = 5

T2e ' l t 0&a te 'er? n%1 0 s 12 02 0n$ % 6 a rs%n 0 s

a'se$-appel lant ('0 l t? %6

As pr e/ 0% 's l? $0s 's se$, t2er e ar e t1% ;*<

a te(%r 0es % 6 t2e r 0&e % 6 a rs%n : 4 < destructive arson ,

'n$er Art. 7* %6 t2e Re/0se$ Penal !%$e, as a&en$e$ )?

R ep ') l0 A t N %. +9 8F a n$ * < s imp le a rson, ' n$ er

Pres0$ent0al Deree N%. 4+47. Sa0$ lass0 6 0at0%n 0s )ase$

%n t2e 0n$, 2arater an$ l%at0%n %6 t2e pr%pert? )'rne$,

re(ar$less %6 t2e /al'e %6 t2e $a&a(e a'se$, 3=> 5 t% 10t:

Ar t 0 le 7* %6 The ;evised )enal Code ,as a&en$e$ )? RA +98 , %nte&p la tes t2e&al 00%'s )'rn0n( %6 &+//+#&, o 2/*%)(' 2+ %$) # , o# *&, /%*' %(3&, #' % %#& ,

+)%(&, $#&*&, )%++), )o+%#& )(' o#+ 5 %* % )+ y, 3 o$ #+ (5 #( o + o5 5# + %) *#&)* %&5#(& y )(y 2#+&o( o+ 3+o/2 o 2#+&o(&. 3 3=8 5 5 T2e lass0 6 0at0%n %6 t20s t?pe %6 r 0&e 0s n%1n as Destructive !rson , 1202 0sp'n 0s2a)le )? reclusion perpetua t % $ ea t2 .T2e reas%n 6% r t2e la1 0 s se l6 -e/ 0$en t: t%e6 6e t 0/ el? $0 s %'r a(e a n$ $ et er t 2e%&&0ss0%n %6 t20s $astar$l? r 0&e, t% pre/entt2e $estr't 0%n % 6 pr%per t 0es an$ pr%tet t2el 0/es % 6 0 nn %en t p e% pl e. E p %s'r e t % a

)re10n( %n6la(rat0%n lea/es %nl? $estr't0%n



23/26

an$ $espa0 r 0 n 0 t s 1ae F 2ene, t2e S ta te&an$ates ( rea ter re tr 0 )' t 0%n t% a't2%rs % 6 t20sheinous cr ime. T2e eept 0%na l l? se/erep'n0s2&ent 0&p%se$ 6%r t20s r 0&e taes 0nt%%ns0$erat 0%n t2e etre&e $an(er t% 2'&anl 0 /es ep%se$ )? t2e &a l0 0%'s )' rn 0n( % 6 t 2e se s tr ' t' re sF t 2e $ an (e r t % p r% pe rt ?res'lt 0n( 6r%& t2e %n6la(rat0%nF t2e 6at t2at

0 t 0 s n%r&al l ? $ 0 66 0 ' lt t% a$%p t p rea't 0%nsa(a0nst 0 ts %&&0ss0%n, an$ t2e $ 0 6 60' l t? 0np0np%0nt 0n( t2e perpetrat%rsF an$, t2e (reater 0&pat %n t2e s%0al , e%n%&0, se'r0 t? an$p %l 0t 0al 6 a) r0 % 6 t 2e n at 0% n. 3E&p2 as 0ss'ppl 0e$.5

I 6 as a %nse'ene %6 t2e %&&0ss0%n%6 an? % 6 t2e ats penal 0@e$ 'n$er Ar t . 7*,$eat2 s2%'l$ res'lt, t2e &an$at%r? penalt? %6 $eat2 s2al l )e 0&p%se$.

O n t 2e % t2 er 2 an $, P D 4 +4 7 1 20 2repeale$ Ar ts. 7*4 t% 7*+-B %6 T2e Re/0se$P en al ! %$ e r e& a0 ns t 2e ( %/ er n0 n( l a16%r Simple !rson. T2 0s $eree %nte&platest2e &al 0 0%'s )'rn0n( % 6 p') l0 an$ pr 0/atestr't'res, re(ar$less %6 s0@e, n%t 0nl'$e$ 0n Ar t. 7* , as a&en $e$ )? RA + 98, an $ lass 06 0 e$ as % t2e r ases % 6 a rs%n . T2ese0nl'$e o/&, ' 6# ** %( 3& , 3 o$ #+ (5 #( /% *' %( 3& , )+ 5& , 5 %* *&, 2 *) ( ) %o (& ,+)% *6)y&, /& &)%o(&, ) %+2o+&, 6)+$#&

)(' o#+ %('/&+ %)* #&)* %&5#(&. 3 39 5 5 Alt 2%' (2 t2e p'r p% se %6 t2e la1 %n S0 &ple Ar s%n 0s t% pr e/ en t t2e 20 (2 0n 0$ en e %6 6 0r esa n$ % t2 er r0 &e s 0 n/%l /0 n( $ es tr ' t 0% n,pr%tet t2e nat 0%na l e%n%&? an$ preser/et2e s%0al , e%n%&0 an$ p%l 0 t 0al sta)0 l 0 t? %6 t2e nat0%n, PD 4+47 te&pers t2e penalt? t% )e&ete$ t% %66en$ers. T20s separatelass0 6 0at0%n %6 S0&ple Ars%n re%(n0@es t2enee$ t% l essen t2e se/er 0t ? % 6 p'n0s2&ent%&&ens'rate t% t2e at %r ats %&&0t te$,

$ ep en $0 n( % n t 2e p ar t0 ' la r 6 a ts a n$

0r ' &s ta nes % 6 e a2 ase. 3E&p2 as 0ss'ppl 0e$.5

T% e&p2as0@e:

T 2e n at 'r e % 6 De st r' t 0/e Ar s% n 0 s$0s t 0n('0s2e$ 6 r%& S0&ple Ars%n )? t2e $e(ree %6 per/ers0t? %r /00%'sness %6 t2e r0&0nal %66en$er.T2e ats %&&0t te$ 'n$er Art . 7* %6 t2e Re/0se$Penal !%$e ;as a&en$e$< %nst0 t't 0n( Destr't0/e

Ar s% n are 2 ara t er 0@ e$ as 2e 0n %'s r0 &e s 6% r )e0n( (r 0e/%'s, %$0%'s an$ 2ate6' l %6 6enses an$12 02 , )? reas%n % 6 t2e 0r 0 n2eren t % r &an 06es t10e$ness, / 0 0%'sness, at r% 0 t? an$ per/ers 0t?a re rep'(nant an$ %' t ra(e%'s t% t2e %&&%nstan$ar$s an$ n%r&s %6 $een? an$ &%ral 0 t? 0n a

' st , 0 /0 l0 @e $ an$ %r$ ere $ s% 0 et ?. 394 5 On t2e %t2er 2an$, ats %&&0t te$ 'n$er PD 4+47 %nst 0 t't0n(S0&ple Ars%n are r 0&es 10 t2 a lesser $e(ree %6 per/ers 0 t? an$ / 0 0%'sness t2at t2e la1 p'n0s2es1 0t 2 a l e ss er p en a lt ?. I n % t 2e r 1 %r$ s, S 0 &p l e

Ar s% n % nte &pl at es r0 &es 10 t2 les s s0 (n 06 0 an ts% 0a l , e%n%&0, p%l 0 t 0a l an$ nat 0%nal se'r 0 t?0&p l0 at 0%ns t2an Dest r't 0 /e Ars%n . #%1e/er,ats 6a l l 0n( 'n$er S0&ple Ars%n &a? ne/ert2eless)e %n/erte$ 0nt% Destr't0/e Ars%n $epen$0n( %nt2e 'al 0 6? 0n( 0 r'&stanes present . 3E&p2as0ss'ppl 0e$.5 3 9 * 5

Pres0n$0n( 6r%& t2e a)%/e lar 0 6 0at 0%n vis--vis t2e

$ esr 0p t0 %n % 6 t 2e r0 &e a s s ta te $ 0 n t 2e a 'sat%r ?

p%rt 0%n %6 t2e In6%r&at0%n, 0 t 0s '0 te e/0$ent t2at a'se$-

appel lant 1as 2ar(e$ 10t2 t2e r 0&e %6 Simpl A!"#$ 6%r

2a/0n( del ierately set $ i re upon the %'"%#!

!"i$% i*l +#," o $ ;7/ ;T7 S ) !;! a nd $ am il y



24/26

8 8 8 kno wing the same to e an in ha i ted hou se an d

sit uat ed in a t hickly populated place and as a

conse?uence thereo$ a con$lagration ensued and the said

ui ld in g, t og et he r w it h s om e s ev en '


25/26

S E! . 9 . he re Dea th ;esul ts $ ro m !r son . - I 6 )? reas%n %6 %r %n t2e %as0%n %6 ars%n $eat2 res'lts, t2e penalt?%6 !-l,"i#$ p!p%,* %# *%+ s2all )e0&p%se$. 3E&p2as0s s'ppl 0e$.5

A %r$ 0n (l ?, t2er e )e 0n( n% a( (ra /at 0n(

0 r'&stane a l le(e$ 0n t2e In 6%r&at 0%n, t2e 0&p%sa)le

penalt? %n a'se$-appel lant 0s reclusionperpetua.

!p ro po s t2e 0/ 0 l l 0a)0 l 0 t 0es % 6 a'se$-appellant,

'rrent 'r 0spr'$ene 39> 5 $ 0ta te t2at t2e 0 /0 l 0 n$e&n0 t?

$'e 6r%& a'se$-appel lant 0sP 9,. 6%r t2e $eat2 %6

ea2 %6 t2e / 0 t 0&s. 398 5 #%1e/er, t2e &%netar? a1ar$s 6%r

&%ra l an$ ee&pla r? $a&a(es ( 0 /en )? t2e !%'r t % 6

Ap pea ls, )% t2 0n t2e a&%' nt %6 P 9, . , $' e t2e 2e0 rs

% 6 t 2e / 0 t 0&s, 2 a/e t % ) e deleted 6% r l a % 6 &a te r 0a l

)as0s. S0&0 lar l?, t2e !%'rt %6 Appeals a1ar$ %6 ee&plar?

$a&a(es t% R%$%l6% M%/0l la 0n t2e a&%'nt %6 P 9,.

6%r t2e $estr't0%n %6 20s 2%'se, als% 2as t%

)e deleted, )'t 0n t20s 0nstane 6%r )e0n( 0&pr%per. M%ral

$a&a(es ann%t )e a1ar$ )? t20s !%'rt 0n t2e a)sene %6 pr%%6 % 6 &enta l %r p2?s0a l s'6 6er 0n( %n t2e par t % 6 t2e

2e0rs %6 t2e /0t 0&s. 3+ 5 !%nern0n( t2e a1ar$ %6 ee&plar?

$ a&a( es , t 2e r ea s% n 6 %r t 2e $ el et 0% n ) e0 n( t 2a t n %

a((ra/at0n( 0r'&stane 2a$ )een al le(e$ an$ pr%/e$ )?

t2e pr%se't0%n 0n t2e ase at )ar. 3 + 4 5

T% s'&&ar0@e, a'se$-appel lants al ternat0/e plea

t2at s2e )e a'0tte$ %6 t2e r 0&e &'st )e reete$. C0t2

t2e e/ 0$ene %n re% r$, 1e 6 0 n$ n% %(en t reas%n t%

$0st'r) t2e 6 0n$0n(s %6 t2e RT! an$ t2e !%'rt %6 Appeals.

I t 0s 0n$')0 ta) le t2at a'se$-appel lant 0s t2e a't2%r % 6

t2e r 0&e %6 s0&ple ars%n. Al l t2e 0r'&stant0al e/0$ene

presente$ )e6%re t2e RT!, / 0e1e$ 0n 0 ts ent 0 re t?, 0s as

%n/ 0n 0n( as $ 0 re t e/ 0$ene an$, as s'2 , ne(a tesa'se$-appel lan ts 0 nn%ene, an$ 12en %ns 0$e re$

%n'rrentl? 10t2 2er a$&0ss0%n (0/en

t % M er e $0 ta M en $% @a , t 2e 6 %r &e rs ( '0 lt ) e? %n $

r ea s% na )l e $ %' )t 0 s t 10 e a s e /0 $e nt . # en e , 2 er

%n /0 t 0 %n 0 s e 66 e t 0/el ? 's t0 60 e$ . M%r e s%, a s 0 t 0 s

p r%p 0 t0 %'s t% n% te t2at 0 n s tar %nt ras t t% t2e 6at'al

0 r'&stanes presente$ )? t2e pr%se't 0%n, a'se$-

appel lant ne0 t2er &'stere$ a $en0al n%r an al 0) 0 eept 6%r

t2e pr%p%s0t 0%n t2at 2er (' 0 l t 2a$ n%t )een esta) l0s2e$

)e?%n$ reas%na)le $%')t.

IN VIEC C#EREO, t2e Decision % 6 t2e !%'rt % 6

Ap pea ls $at e$ * Se pt e& )e r * 9, 0n !A G. R. !R #! N%.

4478, 0s 2ere)? AIRMED 0ns%6ar as t2e %n/0t 0%n % 6

a 's e$ -a pp el la nt E DN A M AL NG AN * MAYO 0s

%nerne$. T2e sentene t% )e 0&p%se$ an$ t2e a&%'nt %6

$a&a(es t% )e a1ar$e$ , 2%1e/er , a re MODIIED. In

a%r$ane 10t2 Se. 9 %6 Pres0$ent0al Deree N%. 4+47,

a'se$-appellant 0s 2ere)? sentene$ t% ;CES47N

);)T!. A'se$-appel lant 0s 2ere)? %r$ere$ t% pa?

t2e 2 e0 rs % 6 e a2 % 6 t 2e / 0 t0 &s P 9 , . a s 0/ 0l

0n$e&n0t?.

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn60http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn61http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn60http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/september2006/G.%20R.%20No.%20170470.htm#_ftn61


26/26

SO ORDERED.

Documents

Xiv 31 People v Malngan