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Chapter 12 Lesson 2 April 1942 surrendered› 78,000 POWs were

forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp

› Almost 10,000 died on the march

Solution? = use long-range B-52 bombers› Why? Can attack from farther away

› Problems? Cannot land on aircraft carriers = would have

to land in China

April 18, 1942 = American bombs fell on Japan for the first time

Solution? = use long-range B-52 bombers› Why? Can attack from farther away

› Problems? Cannot land on aircraft carriers = would have

to land in China

April 18, 1942 = American bombs fell on Japan for the first time

Battle of Coral Sea› Code breakers in Hawaii decoded a

Japanese message about the attack on New Guinea

› Intercepted the Japanese carriers in the Coral Sea

› Japanese sunk one American ship and badly damaged the other BUT they were prevents from landing in New Guinea and supply lines kept open

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Battle of Coral Sea› Code breakers in Hawaii decoded a

Japanese message about the attack on New Guinea

› Intercepted the Japanese carriers in the Coral Sea

› Japanese sunk one American ship and badly damaged the other BUT they were prevents from landing in New Guinea and supply lines kept open

Navajo language had no written alphabet› Developed code words

using their own language Could relay messages in

minutes what would have taken a code-machine operator hours to encipher and transmit

Mission sworn to secrecy until 1971› Were awarded

Congressional Medal of Honor in 2001

Code breakers at Pearl Harbor learned of the plan to attack Midway

U.S. planned to ambush the Japanese› Americans sunk four Japanese ships and

Japanese retreated Turning point in the war?

› With the loss of four carriers, the Japanese lost the heart of their fleet

› Just six months after Pearl Harbor, the US had stopped the Japanese advance

Code breakers at Pearl Harbor learned of the plan to attack Midway

U.S. planned to ambush the Japanese› Americans sunk four Japanese ships and

Japanese retreated Turning point in the war?

› With the loss of four carriers, the Japanese lost the heart of their fleet

› Just six months after Pearl Harbor, the US had stopped the Japanese advance

The American plan to advance through the Central Pacific by “hopping” from one island to the next

Problems?› Many of islands are coral reef atolls = water

not deep enough to allow landing craft to get to shore

Solution?› Amphtrac, amphibious tractor, the

“Alligator” Successful?

› Yes

The American plan to advance through the Central Pacific by “hopping” from one island to the next

Problems?› Many of islands are coral reef atolls = water

not deep enough to allow landing craft to get to shore

Solution?› Amphtrac, amphibious tractor, the

“Alligator” Successful?

› Yes

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A Japanese suicide pilot whose mission was the crash into his target

Means “divine wind” in Japanese Used during the Battle of Leyte Gulf to

reclaim the Philippines

AFC

BD G I E

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CAUSE EFFECTS

Germany needed oil to fuel the war effort and wanted to destroy the Soviet economy

German forces attack Stalingrad, a rich industrial center on the way toward the oil fields of the south.

Both German and Soviet forces were forbidden to retreat

Fighting in Stalingrad was ferocious, often house to house, and lasted over six months.

Stalingrad was far from Germany

The German army faced supply shortages and soldiers were often lacking adequate supplies.The already under-supplied German army was devastated by the harsh winter.

The Germans and the Soviets committed over a million troops each to the battle.

Both sides suffered incredible casualties, and the ultimate Germany defeat marked a turning point in the war in Europe.