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02/25/2014 1 Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression Chapter 9, Lesson 3 Frontside of pages 89 and 90 Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression “Rugged Individualism” Basically Americans fend for themselves no matter the obstacles. We could fix the economy without government We could fix the economy without government help. He tried to work with business leaders and increased public works projects in an effort to spur economic recovery. Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression Managing the Money Supply Hoover asked The Federal Reserve to add money to circulation They refused for fear of inflation They refused for fear of inflation National Credit Corporation (NCC) and Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to provide loans to individuals and business. Helped some but not enough Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression Direct Relief Hoover did not believe in federal relief assistance. Private charities and state and local governments should provide it should provide it. But these groups also faced funding challenges Reluctantly he signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act authorizing federal relief.

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02/25/2014

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Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depressionp

Chapter 9, Lesson 3

Front‐side of pages 89 and 90

Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression

• “Rugged Individualism”

– Basically Americans fend for themselves no matter the obstacles.

– We could fix the economy without governmentWe could fix the economy without government help.

– He tried to work with business leaders and increased public works projects in an effort to spur economic recovery. 

Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression

• Managing the Money Supply

– Hoover asked The Federal Reserve to add money to circulation

• They refused for fear of inflationThey refused for fear of inflation

– National Credit Corporation (NCC) and Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to provide loans to individuals and business.

• Helped some but not enough

Hoover’s Attempts to End the Depression

• Direct Relief

– Hoover did not believe in federal relief assistance.

– Private charities and state and local governments should provide itshould provide it.

• But these groups also faced funding challenges

– Reluctantly he signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act authorizing federal relief. 

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American Response

• Hunger Marches– Looting and protests over hunger took place during 1931 and 1932.

– Some 1,200 protesters held a hunger march on Washington D C in 1932Washington, D.C., in 1932. 

• Farm Foreclosures– Many farmers had low profits and high debts.

– Lenders foreclosed on mortgaged farms and evicted families.

– Farmers destroyed crops in an unsuccessful effort to raise prices. 

In May 1932, veterans from WWI, calling themselves “Bonus Expeditionary Force” marched on Washington, D.C., to demand early payments of the $1,000 bonuses Congress had promised them.

By June 1932, the number of marchers had reached an estimated 15,000. when the bill to authorize the early payment of the bonuses failed in the Senate, the atmosphere surrounding the marchers grew extremely tense.

Troops under the command of Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacAuthur and aided by Major George S. Patton, Jr., advanced on the marchers with swords drawn and began destroying their camps.

MacArthurs’s forced pursued the marchers across the bridge spanning theMacArthurs s forced pursued the marchers across the bridge spanning the Anacostia River to their main encampment, which was coon engulfed in flames. President Hoover’s reputation was thoroughly damaged after national news showed footage of the veterans being assaulted.

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The New Deal

Chapter 10, Lesson 1

Back‐side of pages 89 and 90

Who is FDR?

Early Life

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt

– privileged background

h k d h d fi h f– he worked hard to fight for what he believed in.

• He attended Harvard and Columbia Law School.

Who is FDR?

Politics

– elected to the New York Senate

– won the vice‐presidentialwon the vice presidential nomination for the Democratic Party

– Lost the election and withdrew from politics.

Who is FDR?

Polio

• 1921

– stricken with polio

h i h di– Fought against the disease by maintaining a vigorous exercise program.

Wait! … What is polio?

• Polio is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis

– How does it spread?

Symptoms?– Symptoms?

– Vaccine

– Affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

– Disability (paralysis) is more common than death

Back to FDR

Return to Politics

• 1928

– ran for governor of New York and narrowly wonYork and narrowly won

• 1930

– Won re‐election in a landslide

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The Election of 1932

RepublicansHerbert Hoover

• dramatic cutbacks in federal spending

• promoted high tariffs

DemocratsFranklin D. Roosevelt

• “A new deal for the American people”

• promoted a competitive tariff that raised revenue

– thinking foreign competition would hurt American sales

• thought too much government aid or assistance would make the people dependent on it. 

tariff that raised revenue

• pushed for reform in both the financial and the banking industries

• favored programs for farmers and saw a necessity for immediate government assistance

First Hundred Days

Run on Banks

• depositors who feared their savings would lose value• By March of 1933, more than 4,000 banks had collapsed• Emergency Banking Relief Act = est. financially sound banks

The SecuritiesAct

• Required investment companies to provide truthful and complete information to their investors. 

Act

Glass‐SteagallAct

• Commercial banks cannot operate as investment banks• Also created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) = insured bank deposits (up to $2,500)

Hundred Days Benchmark

• “fireside chat” told the public that banks were safe• accomplishments in his first 100 days in office became a benchmark for subsequent administrations

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Debt Relief

HOLC

• Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC)• Help home owners facing foreclosure• Government‐backed mortgages with lower interest rates and better terms became available to employed home owners

FCA

•Farm Credit Administration (FCA)• Put the government in the role of lending banks

• which had been reluctant to lend money to farmers over preceding years

• Helping farmers refinance their mortgages saved many farms from foreclosure. 

RecoveryFarming

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) addressed the oversupply problem among farmers

– gave government funds to farmers who did not growfarmers who did not grow certain crops or raise certain livestock

– farmers were also paid to leave acres of land fallow

– over time, farm surpluses dropped and prices rose, which increased farmers’ income

RecoveryIndustrial

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) to help both labor and management

– set prices and wages, and limited workers’ hhours

– also allowed unions into workplaces

– was unpopular with employers

– industrial production actually fell during the NIRA

Unemployment Relief

CCC

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)• Paid young men $30 a month to plant trees, fight fires, and build reservoirs.• Also offered literacy programs

FERA

• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)• Provided federal funds for job creation projects at state and local levels

PWA

• Public Works Administration (PWA)• Provided funds to construction companies for large‐scale projects from highways to dams to government facilities.• Prohibited from discriminating against minorities. 

CWA

•Civil Works Administration (CWA)• Hired workers to build or improve roads, schools, airports, and parks.• Eventually shut down by FDR because he did not want people to become accustomed to the federal government providing jobs.