World War IIWorld War II

An OverviewAn Overview

Germany DefeatedGermany Defeated

Germany was defeated in World War IGermany was defeated in World War I Germany was forced to sign the Germany was forced to sign the

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Many Germans believed that the Many Germans believed that the

treaty was too harshtreaty was too harsh Germany had to pay about 33 billion Germany had to pay about 33 billion

dollars in reparationsdollars in reparations The German economy was sufferingThe German economy was suffering

The The RiseRise of Hitler of Hitler

Hitler believed Germany had been betrayedHitler believed Germany had been betrayed Hitler joined the National Socialist German Hitler joined the National Socialist German

Workers’ (NAZI) PartyWorkers’ (NAZI) Party Hitler led an unsuccessful uprising in MunichHitler led an unsuccessful uprising in Munich Hitler organized the “Brown Shirts”Hitler organized the “Brown Shirts” Hitler placed people in high places and got Hitler placed people in high places and got

the “Enabling Act” passedthe “Enabling Act” passed Hitler used the Gestapo and became FuhrerHitler used the Gestapo and became Fuhrer

PacifismPacifism

Europe had suffered in World War IEurope had suffered in World War I The European economy had not yet The European economy had not yet

stabilizedstabilized To avoid another war, England tried To avoid another war, England tried

to pacify Hitler by allowing him to to pacify Hitler by allowing him to take control of Sudetenland from take control of Sudetenland from CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Six months later, Germany seized the Six months later, Germany seized the rest of Czechoslovakiarest of Czechoslovakia

IsolationismIsolationism

Meanwhile, the United States was Meanwhile, the United States was trying to recover from the Great trying to recover from the Great DepressionDepression

The U.S. did not want to get involved The U.S. did not want to get involved The United States was geographically The United States was geographically

removed from the fighting removed from the fighting

Other “isms”Other “isms”

Nationalism- Putting the needs of the Nationalism- Putting the needs of the nation firstnation first

Fascism- Mussolini’s belief in how Fascism- Mussolini’s belief in how government should rule. It allowed government should rule. It allowed private business, but under the strict private business, but under the strict control of governmentcontrol of government

Imperialism- Trying to be “King of the Imperialism- Trying to be “King of the Hill”Hill”

Hitler Begins InvasionHitler Begins Invasion

Hitler invaded Poland in 1939Hitler invaded Poland in 1939 France and England declared warFrance and England declared war Within a year France was conquered Within a year France was conquered

and England was besiegedand England was besieged A year later Germany invaded the A year later Germany invaded the

Soviet UnionSoviet Union By 1943 most of Europe was under By 1943 most of Europe was under

German controlGerman control

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

““Lightning Warfare”Lightning Warfare” Tanks, armored trucks, and half-Tanks, armored trucks, and half-

truckstrucks Luftwaffe (German air force)Luftwaffe (German air force) The idea was to overwhelm the The idea was to overwhelm the

enemy and break their forces into enemy and break their forces into smaller units so they could be more smaller units so they could be more easily defeatedeasily defeated

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain When France When France

surrendered, Great surrendered, Great Britain stood aloneBritain stood alone

The Luftwaffe began The Luftwaffe began bombing raidsbombing raids

British pilots inflicted British pilots inflicted heavy losses, Luftwaffe heavy losses, Luftwaffe pulls outpulls out

Hitler attacked the Hitler attacked the cities (“Blitz”)cities (“Blitz”)

Estimated 30,000 killedEstimated 30,000 killed Britain never Britain never

surrenderedsurrendered

Taking Europe by a StormTaking Europe by a Storm

Hitler invaded Norway, Denmark, Hitler invaded Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, and LuxembourgNetherlands, and Luxembourg

Hitler finds an ally in Italy’s MussoliniHitler finds an ally in Italy’s Mussolini Italy declares war on Britain and Italy declares war on Britain and

FranceFrance Spain still trying to recover from civil Spain still trying to recover from civil

warwar The Germans overran Yugoslavia and The Germans overran Yugoslavia and

GreeceGreece

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Japan attacked Pearl Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December Harbor on December 7, 1941 at 7:55 am7, 1941 at 7:55 am

America declares America declares war the next daywar the next day

Japan was a fast ally Japan was a fast ally of Germanyof Germany

Hitler declares war Hitler declares war on the United Stateson the United States

Attack Shocks U.S.Attack Shocks U.S.

In less than two hours, the Japanese In less than two hours, the Japanese sank or damaged all eight battleships sank or damaged all eight battleships and destroyed almost two hundred and destroyed almost two hundred planesplanes

They killed nearly 2,400 American They killed nearly 2,400 American servicemenservicemen

President Franklin Roosevelt called President Franklin Roosevelt called December 7 “a date which will live in December 7 “a date which will live in infamy”infamy”

U. S. EconomyU. S. Economy

Nation joins togetherNation joins together Many women go to workMany women go to work Industrialism on the rise creating war Industrialism on the rise creating war

productsproducts Increase in technologyIncrease in technology Recycling and rationing become Recycling and rationing become

necessarynecessary

The Flying TigersThe Flying Tigers

The Flying Tigers were an elite team The Flying Tigers were an elite team of fighting pilots that were secretly of fighting pilots that were secretly organized to protect the Burma Road organized to protect the Burma Road in Chinain China

They helped boost the American They helped boost the American morale after Pearl Harbormorale after Pearl Harbor

In just 7 months the group destroyed In just 7 months the group destroyed at least 286 Japanese planesat least 286 Japanese planes

D-DayD-Day

The U.S. set up a fake attack at Calais that The U.S. set up a fake attack at Calais that pulled the German forces to that areapulled the German forces to that area

In the early morning hours of June 6, 1944, In the early morning hours of June 6, 1944, three Allied airborne divisions parachuted three Allied airborne divisions parachuted behind enemy linesbehind enemy lines

Under the command of Gen. Dwight D. Under the command of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower 175,000 troops, spread out Eisenhower 175,000 troops, spread out over 5 beaches, invaded Normandyover 5 beaches, invaded Normandy

By September they had cleared France of By September they had cleared France of German troopsGerman troops

The Battle of the BulgeThe Battle of the Bulge

By the end of 1944, Allied armies had By the end of 1944, Allied armies had swept through France and Belgium swept through France and Belgium and were at the borders of Germany.and were at the borders of Germany.

The Germans drove a 60-mile “bulge” The Germans drove a 60-mile “bulge” through American linesthrough American lines

It was a costly victory for the It was a costly victory for the American army, suffering almost American army, suffering almost 80,000 casualties80,000 casualties

German casualties numbered more German casualties numbered more than 100,000than 100,000

The EndThe End

April 30, 1945 Hitler kills himselfApril 30, 1945 Hitler kills himself Mussolini and his girlfriend are found Mussolini and his girlfriend are found

trying to enter Germany. They are trying to enter Germany. They are shot and hung in the public square.shot and hung in the public square.

May 8 is celebrated as V-E Day May 8 is celebrated as V-E Day (Victory in Europe)(Victory in Europe)

Top SecretTop Secret Hitler had obtained a method for Hitler had obtained a method for

encrypting the German army’s messagesencrypting the German army’s messages It was called “Enigma” and referred to as It was called “Enigma” and referred to as

“Glowworm”“Glowworm” Great Britain was able to break the codeGreat Britain was able to break the code The decoding was known as “Ultra”The decoding was known as “Ultra” The U.S. used Navajo Indians to use their The U.S. used Navajo Indians to use their

native language so that messages could native language so that messages could not be understood by the enemynot be understood by the enemy

They Native Americans were known as The They Native Americans were known as The Navajo Code TalkersNavajo Code Talkers

The Biggest “Ism”The Biggest “Ism”

Racism- against the Jews, Blacks, Racism- against the Jews, Blacks, Indians, Gypsies, Poles, physically Indians, Gypsies, Poles, physically and mentally handicapped, Jehovah’s and mentally handicapped, Jehovah’s Witnesses, priests, Protestant clergy, Witnesses, priests, Protestant clergy, criminals, modern artists, and criminals, modern artists, and anyone else not fitting the imageanyone else not fitting the image

Hitler was not the only one guilty of Hitler was not the only one guilty of racismracism

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb Successfully tested July 16, 1945Successfully tested July 16, 1945 On August 6, a B-29 bomber, the On August 6, a B-29 bomber, the Enola GayEnola Gay, ,

dropped history’s first atomic bomb, “Little Boy”, dropped history’s first atomic bomb, “Little Boy”, on the city of Hiroshima on the city of Hiroshima

Three days later a second bomber, Three days later a second bomber, BockscarBockscar, , dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasakidropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki

This bomb was originally intended for Kyushu, but This bomb was originally intended for Kyushu, but foul weather sent them to Nagasakifoul weather sent them to Nagasaki

An estimated 110,000 were killed from the An estimated 110,000 were killed from the bombings, another 130,000 were injured, and by bombings, another 130,000 were injured, and by 1950 another 230,000 had died from injuries and 1950 another 230,000 had died from injuries and radiationradiation

Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, and World Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, and World War II was overWar II was over