World War IIWorld War II

CausesCauses

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

• The treaty punished Germany for The treaty punished Germany for starting World War I. Germany had to starting World War I. Germany had to pay pay $33 billion$33 billion to nations who to nations who defeated it during the war.defeated it during the war.

• Germany lost territory in Europe, Germany lost territory in Europe, Africa, and the Pacific.Africa, and the Pacific.

Failure of the League of NationsFailure of the League of Nations

• The US never joined the league.The US never joined the league.• A unanimous vote was needed to A unanimous vote was needed to

settle problems.settle problems.• The league was too weak to even The league was too weak to even

persuade members to comply with persuade members to comply with rules.rules.

Economic DepressionEconomic Depression

• The Great Depression was not just in The Great Depression was not just in the US but worldwide.the US but worldwide.

• Germany was very hard hit because of Germany was very hard hit because of the payments it had to make.the payments it had to make.

• The depression led to people turning The depression led to people turning against their governments. Dictators against their governments. Dictators promising a better life began to rise to promising a better life began to rise to power.power.

BreadBread(in Marks)(in Marks)

19181918 - 0.63 - 0.63

19221922 - 163.15 - 163.15

Jan. 1923 Jan. 1923 --

250250

July 1923July 1923 - -

3,4653,465

Sept. 1923 Sept. 1923 --

1,512,0001,512,000

Nov. 1923 -Nov. 1923 -

201,000,000,000 201,000,000,000

HyperinflationHyperinflation

Rise of DictatorsRise of Dictators

• Soviet Union – Soviet Union – communism: communism: Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

• Over 20 million Over 20 million “enemies of “enemies of the state” were the state” were killed in killed in Stalin's purges.Stalin's purges.

TIME: Man of the Year, Jan. 4, 1943

Rise of Dictators Rise of Dictators (continued)(continued)

• Italy – Fascism: Italy – Fascism: Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Rise of Dictators Rise of Dictators (continued)(continued)

• Germany – Nazism: Germany – Nazism: Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

TIME: Man of the Year, Jan. 2, 1939

Rise of Dictators Rise of Dictators (continued)(continued)

• Japan Japan

• Militarism:Militarism:– Emperor Emperor

HirohitoHirohito– Prime Minister Prime Minister

Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

Tojo Hirohito

Rise of Dictators Rise of Dictators (continued)(continued)

Spain – Francisco FrancoSpain – Francisco Franco

Franco ruled Spain untilFranco ruled Spain until

his death in 1975.his death in 1975.

Ideas of Fascism Ideas of Fascism

1. The NATION comes before the 1. The NATION comes before the individualindividual

2. Individualism makes a nation weak2. Individualism makes a nation weak

3. Nations need a Dictator to impose order3. Nations need a Dictator to impose order

4. Nations need to expand their borders and 4. Nations need to expand their borders and their militarytheir military

5. All political opposition is treason.5. All political opposition is treason.

6. No freedom of speech or artistic 6. No freedom of speech or artistic expression.expression.

Formation of the Axis CoalitionFormation of the Axis Coalition

• Germany, Italy, and JapanGermany, Italy, and Japan

Aggression by Axis PowersAggression by Axis Powers• JapanJapan

1931 – Japan invades 1931 – Japan invades and captures and captures Manchuria Manchuria (Manchukuo) making (Manchukuo) making Pu Yi the puppet ruler.Pu Yi the puppet ruler.

1933 – Japan 1933 – Japan withdraws from the withdraws from the League of Nations and League of Nations and begins a naval begins a naval shipbuilding program.shipbuilding program.

1937 – Japan invades 1937 – Japan invades China.China.

Aggression by Axis PowersAggression by Axis Powers

• ItalyItaly 1934 – Italy 1934 – Italy

invades Ethiopia.invades Ethiopia. 1936 – Italy and 1936 – Italy and

Germany help Germany help Franco take over Franco take over Spain.Spain.

1939 Italy 1939 Italy annexes Albania.annexes Albania.

Aggression by Axis PowersAggression by Axis Powers

• Germany Germany 1936 – Remilitarization 1936 – Remilitarization

of the Rhinelandof the Rhineland 1938 – Annexation of 1938 – Annexation of

Austria.Austria. 1938 – Annexation of 1938 – Annexation of

the Sudentenland (an the Sudentenland (an area of area of Czechoslovakia that Czechoslovakia that was mostly German).was mostly German).

1939 Hitler sends German forces to help defeat communist Spanish forces, development of “Blitzkreig” warfare.

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

• While the world was moving toward While the world was moving toward war, America did nothing.war, America did nothing.

• During the 1930s Congress passed During the 1930s Congress passed several several Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts prohibiting the prohibiting the United States from selling weapons or United States from selling weapons or making loans to warring nations.making loans to warring nations.

• In March 1941 the In March 1941 the Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act allowed the US to lend arms and allowed the US to lend arms and supplies to the allies.supplies to the allies.

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

• Hitler said that the reason Germany Hitler said that the reason Germany lost WW I was because of the Jews lost WW I was because of the Jews who betrayed Germany. who betrayed Germany.

• GestapoGestapo – German Secret State – German Secret State PolicePolice

• HolocaustHolocaust – “Final Solution” – – “Final Solution” – genocide of the Jewsgenocide of the Jews

Failure of Disarmament and Failure of Disarmament and AppeasementAppeasement

• Different conferences limited war Different conferences limited war goods. Germany, Italy and Japan goods. Germany, Italy and Japan began building their militaries while began building their militaries while other nations were reducing theirs.other nations were reducing theirs.

The Munich PactThe Munich Pact• During the 1930s, Hitler took the During the 1930s, Hitler took the

Rhineland, Austria, and the Rhineland, Austria, and the Sudetenland all against the Treaty of Sudetenland all against the Treaty of Versailles.Versailles.

• In Sept. 1938, Hitler promised to take In Sept. 1938, Hitler promised to take no more land after the Sudetenland.no more land after the Sudetenland.

““Peace for our Peace for our time.” – Neville time.” – Neville ChamberlandChamberland

The Nazi-Soviet PactThe Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Germany and Germany and Russia sign a Russia sign a secret Non-secret Non-Aggression Aggression Pact in Pact in August 1939.August 1939.

• September 1, September 1, 1939, Hitler 1939, Hitler invades invades Poland.Poland.