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The Cold War Begins!
Cold War Europe 1945-1953
Stalin and Truman Argue
• What to do with Defeated Germany?
• “Bargaining Away” Eastern Europe at Yalta…why?
Dividing Berlin: In the MIDDLE of Soviet Sector!
Truman and Containment: The Truman Doctrine
• Trouble in Greece and Turkey, 1947: Communism threatening!
• Truman pledges AID to non-communists
• Sets up policy of CONTAINMENT
Marshall Plan DIVIDES Europe Economically!
• $13 Billion in aid to NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
• Offered to Eastern European countries, but they did not accept: WHY?
• Long-term effects felt today!
Three Sectors Merge: Germany is divided!
• West Germany• East Germany• Stalin’s reaction: close
off border to Berlin• Truman’s response?
Berlin Airlift 1949!• “Poker Game” between
USA and USSR: who will back down first?
In 1949, USSR successfully tests Nuclear Weapon
• How is the Cold War “fought?”– Arms Race– Space Race (Sputnik)– Threats– Fear/Suspicion– Expanding influence as
much as possible (Latin America, Africa, etc.)
“An Iron Curtain has descended across Europe…”
• Winston Churchill says this in 1947
• What does he mean?• NATO and Warsaw Pact– Military alliances
Crisis in Cuba: The Cold War gets “Hot”
• Rise of Fidel Castro• Failed Bay of Pigs
Invasion• Cuban Missile Crisis,
October 1962• Khrushchev vs. Kennedy– Eventually, US pulls our
missiles from Turkey and USSR pulls from Cuba
– Closest we’ve come to nuclear war!
Closest to Nuclear War since 1945!
Berlin: A City Divided
• “Brain Drain” causes 3 million East Germans to leave from 1949-61
• Our U2 Spy Plane shot down!
• Khrushchev closes border, August 13, 1961
• US is disgusted, but not willing to go to war over Berlin
Images from the Wall
An East German Guard leaves
So how can you escape?
Peter Fechter: One of many casualties of the Wall
• Why didn’t anyone SAVE HIM?!?!?!