Upload
amery-burt
View
30
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
World Resources Institute. AWAKENING THE DEAD ZONE An Investment for Agriculture, Water Quality and Climate Suzie Greenhalgh & Amanda Sauer. World Resources Institute. Hypoxia: What is it? What causes It?. The Dead Zone Seasonally oxygen depleted zone in the Gulf of Mexico - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
World Resources Institute
AWAKENING THE DEAD AWAKENING THE DEAD ZONEZONE
An Investment for Agriculture, Water Quality and Climate
Suzie Greenhalgh & Amanda Sauer
Hypoxia: What is it? What causes It?
The Dead Zone Seasonally oxygen depleted zone in the Gulf of
Mexico Mobile aquatic species leave the area Those that can’t leave die or are weakened
Primary Cause Nitrogen from the Mississippi River Basin
World Resources Institute
Setting the scene
Hypoxia: The Growing Problem
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
Siz
e (
km
2)
No Data
2015 Action Plan Goal
Source: N.N. Rabalais, R.E. Turner and W.J. Wiseman, Jr, 2002, LUMCON (unpulished data)
World Resources Institute
Setting the scene
Sources of Nitrogen?
World Resources Institute
50%
24%
15%
11%
fertilizer+mineralized soil organic N
atmospheric deposition, ground water discharge, soil erosion
animal manure
municipal and industrial point sources
Setting the scene
Where does the nitrogen come from?
World Resources Institute
Source: USGS, 2000
WRI Policy Research
Agricultural Policy Analysis
Fertilizer Tax on Nitrogen Extension of CRP Conservation Tillage Subsidy GHG Trading Nutrient Trading Nutrient Trading with GHG Payments
World Resources Institute
Setting the scene
Nitrogen delivered to the Gulf
World Resources Institute
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Ch
ange
in N
del
iver
ed t
o G
ulf
(%
)
Tax NFertilizer
Conservation TillageSubsidy
CRPExtension
GHGTrading ($5/t C)
GHGTrading($14/t C)
N Trading with GHG Payments
NTrading
8mg/l@$2/lb
NTrading3mg/l
@$5/lb
PTrading1mg/l
@$5/lbP
Trading<1mg/l@$7/lb
Setting the scene
Farm Income
World Resources Institute
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ch
ange
in F
arm
In
com
e (%
)
Tax N Fertilizer
Conservation Tillage Subsidy
GHGTrading ($5/t C)
CRPExtension
GHG Trading ($14/t C)
N Trading with GHG payments
NTrading
8mg/l@$2/lb
NTrading
3mg/l@$5/lb
PTrading
1mg/l@$5/lb
PTrading<1mg/l@$7/lb
Setting the scene
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
World Resources Institute
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Ch
ange
in G
HG
Em
issi
ons
(%)
N FertilizerTax
ConservationTillageSubsidy
CRPExtension
GHGTrading($5/t C)
GHGTrading($14/t C)
N Trading with GHG Payments
NTrading
3mg/l@$5/lb
NTrading
8mg/l@$2/lb
PTrading
1mg/l@$5/lb
PTrading<1mg/l@$7/lb
Setting the scene
Nitrogen Lost to Waterways
World Resources Institute
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Ch
ange
in N
Los
t to
Wat
er (
%)
Tax NFertilizer
ConservationTillageSubsidy
CRPExtension
GHGTrading($5/t C)
GHGTrading($14/t C)
N Trading with GHG Payments
NTrading
3mg/l@$5/lb
NTrading
8mg/l@$2/lb
PTrading
1mg/l@$5/lb
PTrading<1mg/l@$7/lb
Setting the scene
Phosphorus Lost to Waterways
World Resources Institute
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Ch
ange
in P
Los
t to
Wat
er (
%)
Tax NFertilizer
ConservationTillageSubsidy
CRPExtension
GHGTrading($5/t C)
GHGTrading($14/t C)
N Trading with GHG Payments
NTrading3mg/l
@$5/lb
NTrading
8mg/l@$2/lb
PTrading
1mg/l@$5/lb
PTrading<1mg/l@$7/lb
Setting the scene
Soil Erosion
World Resources Institute
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Ch
an
ge
in E
rosi
on
(%
)
Tax N Fertilizer
ConservationTillageSubsidy
CRPExtension
GHGTrading($5/t C)
GHGTrading($14/t C)
N Trading with GHG Payments
NTrading
3mg/l@$5/lb
NTrading
8mg/l@$2/lb
PTrading
1mg/l@$5/lb P
Trading<1mg/l@$7/lb
Setting the scene
Cost-Effectiveness
World Resources Institute
0
5
10
15
20
25
N ferttax
Cons TillSub
CRPExt.
GHGTrading
($5/t)
GHGTrading($14/t)
NTrading8mg @$2/lb
NTrading3mg @$5/lb
PTrading1mg @$5/lb
PTrading <1mg @
$7/lb
Co
st o
f N
red
uct
ion
s to
Gu
lf (
$/l
b)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
N r
edu
ctio
ns
to G
ulf
(m
lb
s)
Cost N Reduction
N Trading with GHG payments
Setting the scene
Regional Impacts
World Resources Institute
Setting the scene
Regional Impacts
World Resources Institute
WRI Findings
Findings Considering nitrogen delivery to the Gulf is important
Nutrient trading is the most cost-effective solution
Co-benefits are important
World Resources Institute
WRI Recommendations
Recommendations Establish and implement a N cap for Mississippi River Basin
Promote nutrient trading programs
Develop a coordinated and collaborative approach to watershed planning
Establish coordinated monitoring strategies
World Resources Institute
WRI Recommendations
RecommendationsFarm conservation spending should be targeted
Need to explore other opportunities to reduce GHG emissions
Develop strategy to address a suite of environmental problems NOT individual problems
World Resources Institute
World Resources Institute
AWAKENING THE DEAD AWAKENING THE DEAD ZONEZONE
An Investment for Agriculture, Water Quality and Climate
Suzie Greenhalgh & Amanda [email protected]