Wireless Communication Systems

Walter Konhäuser VL-Nr. 0432 L 615

Institut für Telekommunikationssysteme Fachgebiet Theoretische Grundlagen der Kommunikationstechnik

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Content overview: 1 Basics of Mobile Communication 2 Overview of the Wireless Communication Systems 3 Broadband Access 4 GSM 5 Enhanced GSM 6 3G Systems 7 Beyond 3G – 4G 8 Industry Applications 9 Economics 10 Health aspects 11 References

Migration of mobile Networks towards the vision of an EVERNET

Circuit switched CS voice / packet data IP core

GSM

UMTS

UWC-136

CDMA

2G HSCSD

end to end IP

GPRS EDGE

WLAN WIFI/Wimax 802.11a ....

802.16

IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier

EVERNET

Ad hoc Networks

HSPA LTE

LTE Advanced

Bluetooth

2G 3G and 4G 9.6-14.4 kbps

evolved 2G

64-144 kbps 384 kbps-2 Mbps 1000 Mbps? 384 kbps-20 Mbps

3GPP Rel 0x IMT-2000 CDMA

Direct Spread + TDD

D-AMPS

IS 95

GPRS/EDGE IMT-2000 TDMA

Single-Carrier

GPRS EDGE

CDMA 2000

Includes Vertical Handover between

Technologies

PDC 2G PDC

PDC Packet

3GPP Rel 99

5G

?

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TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA

f f

f

t

f

t

f

f

t

f

t

f

•  Time Division •  Frequency Division •  Code Division •  Frequency Division •  Orthogonal subcarriers

Multiple Access Methods

User 1 User 2 User 3 User ..

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Re-use of •  Sites and

infrastructure •  Backhauling •  Frequency bands

Key benefits for operators and end-user

User experience à ARPU

Scalable bandwidth Low cost per Mbyte

Investment Protection

3G HSPA HSPAevo LTE …

Cost per Mbyte Optimized spectrum usage

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

900 MHz

900 MHz GSM

or

GSM UMTS

LTE

HSPA HSPA LTE evo

Throughput Latency

Low Costs

HSPA HSPA LTE evo

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The Beauties of LTE

Channel only changes amplitude and phase of subcarriers

Fast Link Adaptation

due to channel

behaviour

Short TTI = 1 ms Transmission time interval

Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq.

TX RX

Tx Rx MIMO

Channel

DL: OFDMA

UL: SC-FDMA

scalable

ARQ Automatic Repeat

Request

64QAM Modulation

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Uplink – Single Carrier FDMA

SC-FDMA: PRB‘s are grouped to bring down Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) > better power efficiency at the terminal

1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones

Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)

1 TTI = 1ms

1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms

User 1

User 2

User 3

User ..

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Downlink - OFDM Subchannels / Tones (each 15 kHz)

1 TTI = 1ms

1 PRB (Physical Resource Block) = 12 Subcarriers = 180 kHz

1 PRB = 2 Slots = 2 * 0.5 ms

1.4 MHz = 72 Tones 20 MHz = 1200 Tones User 1

User 2

User 3

User ..

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Mobility

HLR/HSS (AAA)

IMS Operator Services

DNS: Domain Name Server GTP: GPRS Tunnel Protocol MIP: Mobile IP SGSN*: upgraded 2G/3G SGSN ( LTE capable)

UE Identifier Global IP Address

MME

Serving GW

DNS

SGSN* BTS/NB

RNC/

BSC

eNode B

I-WLAN CDMA2000 WiMAX ……

PDN GW (HA)

ePDG for I-WLAN PDSN for CDMA2000 ASN-GW for WiMAX

…….

Service Layer Access Independent

Global Mobility

Access Specific Local Mobility

UE Global IP PoA

UE 3GPP IP PoA

BS

GTP

GTP

MIP

Internet / Corporate Services

GTP

(FA)

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•  1 Touch deployment : •  Flexi Multimode BTS pre-

configuration in factory •  Shipping to site •  Site preparation and eNB installation by

field service – plug & play: •  eNB gets automatically connected and

configured from NetAct •  eNB gets automatically integrated into the

access-, core- and network-management networks

Self-Configuration

V

Factory Assembly & Pre-Configuration

On-site installation (Field service)

Auto connection & configuration, remote commissioning

SAE-GW / PDN-GW

MME

Network Management

eNB

How to decrease Radio Network energy consumption and CO2 emissions?

•  Reduce energy consumption per BTS site –  Use more energy efficient BTS –  Reduce site power consumption

•  Increase site temperature •  Use Outdoor BTS

–  Optimize energy consumption versus traffic

•  Reduce the number of BTS sites –  Increase cell coverage –  Share networks

•  Use renewable energy sources –  Solar cells, wind and hybrid solutions on site –  Green energy: hydro, wind and bio generated grid

electricity

Source:NSN

LTE introduction

1st worldwide trials Berlin, Nov. 2007

Upcoming key technologies

Bandwidth Extension

Relaying

MIMO 8x 4x

IMT-A / LTE-A

Backwards compatibility LTE

Smooth evolution

IMT-A

LTE-Advanced - (3GPP Rel. 10) A technology candidate for IMT-advanced

Global platform for the next generations of mobile services

Cooperative Systems

5G: Extended Areas of Applications with Data Exchange

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Mobility Industry

Energy

Real Estate

New Areas: -  Future Cars (car-to-car communication, realtime navigation, etc, -  Industry 4.0 (plant of the future) -  Energy (decentralized energy production and energy storage -  Real Estate (Metering, consumption control)

Technology Issues 5G

•  New Chip Technologies •  New Network Architecture with distributed Service Platforms •  New Hirachy of Cloud Platforms, e.g. Mobile Edge Clouds for •  Basestations, Mini Clouds on local level and less central Clouds •  New Operating Systems and Network Protocols •  Tactile Internet

–  High Availability –  High Reliability –  High Security

•  New Diversity Concept for Frequency, Place and Infrastructure •  Future Machine to Machine Communication with new

Authentification techniques to support Applications with high Security and Realtime Requirements

•  New Antenna technique with controlled and intelligent beaming 14