Wind Farm Term Project:Team Windbreakers

Members:

Ross Belkofer James Rayo Natalie Sample Alex Styborski

Garrett Brown Dylan Warner

Executive Summary Statement of the Problem Background Method of Solution Results Discussion and Conclusions

Background

Introduction

History of Development of the Wind Turbine in this Project

Choices in Wind Farm Design

What the future holds…

IntroductionAn off-shore wind farm could have benefits but also

many issues related to the planning and building of it. The General Electric 4.0-110 is the turbine used in this presentation.

Issues to address:

Where will this wind turbine be located and what is its purpose?

Obtaining consent for construction and other legal issues concerning the project.

Is safety a concern in the building and use of this wind turbine?

History

Introduced in 2010

Relatively new wind turbine

General Electric is a global leader

of wind turbines around the world[Figure 1: GE symbol(2012)]

Choice in Wind TurbineGeneral Electric’s proven technology

The 4.0 MW offshore wind turbine delivers a reliable, cost-effective, high-performance solution

Offshore capability to generate a multitude of energy

Permanent magnet generator delivers high efficiency even at low wind speeds

Replaces gearboxes with reliable components designed for offshore turbines

What the Future Holds The offshore wind industry is maturing and

growing

From a 1.5 GW base in 2008 to a forecasted 30 GW base in 2020

Wind power will be more dependent

“Powering the world… responsibly.”

Statement of the Problem

To construct the offshore wind turbine within the constraints of:

o The Construction Scheduleo The Budgeto The Environment (Oceanic Surface)o Abiding to safety regulations

Why solve the problem? Quality of Life

o Cheaper for local people

o Healthier more responsible alternative

Construction

o Material measurements precise i.e. concrete, machine use

o Stick to construction schedule

Protection of Environment

o No emission of carbon dioxide

o Animal life - no chance of oil spills

o Ozone layer

o Not burning fossil fuels

o Alternative energy

o Clean

Mission and Objectives

Key Factors:

o Location

o Turbine Type / Amount

o Cost

o Time

“Our General Electric 4.0-110 Offshore Wind Turbine will efficiently produce and store clean energy to power various sources off the coast of Maine.”

Mission:

Iterative design

Develop the Solutions

Define the problems

Implement and test

the solutions

Observe and evaluate design

Design

Location in relation to environment

Type of turbine

Distance from shore

Codes zoning

Wave patterns and depth of

water (Nautical Chart)

Weather

Construction Planning Weather

Materials/transportation

Workers

Legal consideration

permits/consent

Equipment rental

Budget

Timeline

Safety

Scope

•Surrounding environment

•Marine life

•Weather

•Wave patterns

•Properties of water

•Cost

•Energy

About the GE 4.0-110 OFFSHORE TURBINE

• Horizontal Axis Turbine• For cost efficiency gearboxes

were replaced with slow speed components for the offshore environment

• Safety and Maintenance Advantages

• Open nacelle and easy access to the core hub

• Automatic Lubrication Process • Self generated and has

redundant operation systems• Low operating cost• Efficient power to energy ratio [Figure 1: GE 4.0-110 Offshore Turbine (2008)]

Power Curve

• Rated Power Capacity : 4 MW

• Rated Power produced in 1 hour = 4 MWh

• Rated Power produced in 1 year = 35,040 MWh

• Rated Power produced in 1 year for 20 turbines = 700,800 MWh

• Cut-In (Start-Up) Wind Speed: 3 m/s

• Rated (Nominal) Wind Speed: 14 m/s

• Cut-Out (Maximum) Wind Speed: 25 m/s

Efficiency• There is a range of wind speeds close to the rated wind

speed in which the turbine performs optimally

• After this range, performance decreases drastically

• On average, if wind speed decreases by half, power production decreases by a factor of 8

• Industry estimates an annual output of 30-40% of the rated capacity

• Mean output in U.S.: 26.9% of rated capacity

• General Electric claims a 52% capacity factor (in wind speed of 10 m/s)

Efficiency cont’d

•This is called capacity factor: actual output/maximum output

•26.9% capacity factor: 700,800 * 0.269 = 188,515 MWh in 1 year

•52% capacity factor: 700,800 * 0.52 = 364,416 MWh in 1 year

How many homes can a wind turbine power?

• Average household power consumption: 11.496 MWh per year

• Maine: 6.252 MWh per year

• 52% capacity factor: 31,699 homes, 58,287 in Maine

• 26.9% capacity factor: 16,398 homes, 30,153 in Maine

• ** This does not mean, however that our power is going straight to housing. Instead, it is being sold to a power distribution company where housing accounts for only about one third of power in the grid.

Max Power Calculation

Max Rated Power:

[Figure 2: Screen Shot of MATLAB]

o Minimum Wind Speed = 3 M/S*

o Maximum Wind Speeds = 25 M/S*

* Calculations included the use of MatLab™

Offshore Location

oOffshore of Maine in the United States

oKnown to have high wind speeds year-round

o The coast is not overwhelmed with turbines with a comfortable distance away from the shore line

o 20 turbines on water platforms

oGoogle Earth map representation…

Site Map

•

Atlantic Coastline

[Figure 3: Google Maps Image]

Google Sketch-Up Design

---- Electrical connections

Layout of Generatorand Electrical Connections

Generator High above waterensure water protection

Worker’s Platform easy accessibilitystorage of the generator and electrical connections

[Figure 4: Turbine Internals]

25

Layout of Generator cont.

Direct Drive Generator:

• Transferring DC power through the sea water

•High inductance of salt water allows the DC power to flow

•DC power will move through the connections and be converted at substation

Method of solution

•Work Breakdown and Structure:

• Labor

• Contractorso Transportation of equipment• Barges

o Platform constructoro General Electric (GE) for Wind Turbines

Construction Schedule

o Hiring Period of personnel: 1 month

o Site prep and law/license registration and processing: 2-3 months

o Equipment Ordering/Delivering: 3 weeks

o Construction: 5-8 months

o Testing Period: 2 weeks

Gantt Schedule View

Cost Analysis

The total budget will be anywhere from $220-$230 million dollars

Categories:•Safety•Wind Turbines•Labor Costs•Transportation•Equipment/Miscellaneous

Gantt Cost Analysis

Team Windbreakers Group Roles

o Natalie – Harmonizer and encourager

o Alex – Clarifier and information seeker

o Ross – Initiator and option generator

o Dylan – Summarizer

o Garrett – Information giver

o James – Initiator and option generator

In our research we found that each of us had roles that helped to propel us and keep us going on the right track. Through this collaboration our project was completed.

Evaluation of Preliminary Design

Criteria:Average Rating

Addresses time 3.6

Address cost 1.8

Addresses safety 3.2

Addresses environmental impact. 3.8

Address quality. 4.6

How well are technical issues evaluated? 4.6Is the preliminary site made using Google Earth adequate? 4.8

Is the wind farm design suited to its intended application?

5

Is the design well suited to site and surrounding community? 5

Site map included that shows connection to grid or other power consuming facility

2.2

Has the wind turbine that you are using been proven effective in wind farms that are now in operation?

4

Id the construction schedule adequate? Are all the tasks included in logical order? 4.8

Off-shore location 3.6

Usefulness and user-friendly 4.2

Operation 4

Team 5 Ratings of Preliminary

Presentation:

[Fiigure 5: GE 40-110 (2012)]

Evaluation of Preliminary DesignTeam 5 Brainstorming:

• The group needs to go into more detail about each of the tasks necessary to complete the project

• We need to find the cost of each turbine

• We need to discuss safety more in depth

• Consider environmental impacts more thoroughly

• We need to research the electrical workings of the turbine

Discussion and Conclusions

Very Bright Future

Future challenges: • environmental impacts• cost constraints

Turnover Rate • approximately 10-15 years

The major challenges of wind farms:• Space• Time• Weather/Environment• Legal Regulations• Costs

These challenges can be overcome with careful planning and research

Resources

• http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/windmaps/offshore.asp

• http://site.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/offshore/index.htm

• http://www.thewindpower.net/turbine_en_9_ge-energy_4.0-110.php

• http://www.4coffshRatore.com/windfarms/turbine-GE-Energy-GE-4.0-110--tid21.html

• http://www.windpowerengineering.com/featured/buisness-news-projects/4-mw-direct-drive-headed-offshore/

• http://www.wind-watch.org/faq-output.php