WIND ENERGY UNIT - CIEMAT

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WIND ENERGY UNIT

RESEARCH PROGRAMME

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MISSION

Developing technology useful for solutions ofwind power generation in off-grid applicationsand distributed networks includingdevelopments to facilitate wind integration inweak grids or urban environments, avoidingpower variations or fluctuations with newenergy storage systems and short-termprediction of wind resources.

OFF-GRID WIND SYSTEMS

FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYS

WIND RESOURCE FORECASTING

NEW DEVELOPMENTS

WIND ENERGY

SMALL AND MID WIND TURBINES

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WIND ENERGY UNIT TEAM

NAME Workiplace

Arias Vega, Fernando Aeronautical Eng. Madrid

Arribas de Paz, Luis María Telecom Eng. Madrid

Avia Aranda, Félix Aeronautical Eng. Madrid

Cano Santa Bárbara, Luis Industrial Eng. Soria

Carnicero Gómez, Rafael Industrial Eng. Soria

Cruz Cruz, José Ignacio Industrial Eng. Madrid

Fiffe Verdecia, Reynaldo Pablo Industrial Eng. Madrid

Fuentes Gomáriz, Manuel Industrial Eng. Madrid

García Barquero, Carolina Physics Sciences PhD Madrid

García Bustamante, Elena Marine Sciences PhD Madrid

González Manso, Antonio Lab technician Madrid

Ibáñez Honrado, Francisco Javier Lab technician Madrid

Izquierdo Monge, Oscar Industrial Eng. Soria

Navarro Montesinos, Jorge Physics Sciences PhD Madrid

Palomares Losada, Ana María Physics Sciences PhD Madrid

Ramos Domínguez, José Javier Lab technician Madrid

February 2017: 13 researchers and 3 technicians (13 in Madrid y 3 in Soria Labs)

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SMALL WIND TURBINES

• Conceptual design of innovative Small Wind Turbines.

• Development and characterization of Small and Mid size wind turbines. (up to 100 kW).

• Accredited Power Curve Test.

• Accredited Acoustic noise emissions Test.

• Accredited Duration Test.

• Accredited Performance and Safety Test.

• Components test (Blade static and dynamic test, generator test, gearbox test etc.)

• Strong collaboration in the elaboration of the new third edition of the IEC 61400-2 standard for small wind turbines (IEC- MT2 & IEAWind Task 27 Label)

PSE-MINIEÓLICA Project

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� Accredited laboratory ISO/IEC 17025 (since March 2012).

� Wind Turbine Power performance Curve Test against the IEC 61400-12-1:2005

and UNE-EN 61400-12-1:2007 standards.

� Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise Emissions Test against UNE/EN 61400-11:2004,

IEC-61400-11:2012 and UNE-EN 61400-11:2013 standards

� Small Wind Turbines Duration Test against IEC- 61400-2:2006 Part. 9.4 and

UNE/EN 61400-2:2007 Part 9.4. standards

� Small Wind Performance and Safety Test against IEC-61400-2:2006 Part 9.6

and UNE/EN 61400-2:2007 Part. 9.6. standards

SMALL WIND TURBINES

LE2 Laboratory 2017 Accreditations provided by ENAC (Spanish National Entity for Accreditation)

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PSE-MINIEOLICA Project

New Mid SizeWind turbinesTURBEC 100

New VAWT:IDM 5 kW

Small Wind Turbines Test

PatentsSmall wind urban integration

New Power converters

Generators

Blades Wind mapsfor smallwind

Blades

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• Battery charge wind turbine (UNE-EN-61400-12 Annex H)

• Grid connected wind turbine (UNE-EN-61400-12)

BORNAY 1 5 0 0 Inc lin Ne o

-1000

100200300400500600700800900

100011001200130014001500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Hub height wind speed (m/s)

Ele

ctri

c P

ow

er (

W)

25.2 Volts, Air Density 1.085 Kg/m3

B ORNAY 1 5 0 0 In c l in Ne oP o w e r Co e ff ic ie n t s a t d i f fe re n t vo lt a g e le ve ls

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

W ind Speed (m/s)

Po

wer

Co

eefi

cien

t

25.2 Volts

SMALL WIND TURBINES Power Performance Curve

Valores Seleccionados

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Velocidad Media (m/s)

Pot

enci

a ((

W)

P maxima Desviacion P media

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SMALL WIND TURBINES Accredited Tests

PEPA IV Test facility. Class I/II (Vref = 42.5 m/s = 152 km/h)

Power performance at sea-level air density 1.225 kg/m3

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18

Wind speed at hub height (m/s)

Po

wer

(W)

Sea-level air density 1.225 kg/m3 Rotor swept area 13.2 m2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18

Wind speed at hub height (m/s)

Cp

SONKYOWindspot 3,5 kW

GEOLICAKliux Geo 1800

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Wind class: I/II (Vref = 42.5 m/s = 153 Km/h –Vave yearly = 8.5 m/s

PEPA V Test facility.

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� ECIWIND Project (H2020 SMES)

Start: 2016 Duration: 2 years

Objective: Perform four accredited of two small wind turbines (3,5 kW and 40 kW and the static test of the blades)

Contractors: ENAIR Energy and LANCOR Coop


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Development of semi empiric models

for aeroacousticsemission simulation

RUIDO AEROGENERADORPUNTO DE MEDIDA 1

30

34

38

42

46

50

54

58

62

66

70

74

78

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0

V (m/s)

LeqA

(dB

)

aerogenerador+ruidofondo ruidodefondo Lineal (aerogenerador+ruidofondo) Lineal (ruidodefondo)

SMALL WIND TURBINES Acoustic Emission Test

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SMALL WIND TURBINES Components Tests

BLADES Static and dynamicTest bench

Blades upto 12 meters

Facilities sited at CEDER (Soria, Spain)

NORVENTO NED 100 kW Wind turbine 12 m blade test certified by TUV Sud (Germany)ENNERA Windera 3,2 kW Wind turbine high cycles fatigue blade test

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Power-Voltage Curves at different speeds

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Voltage (Vac)

Pow

er

(kW

)

100-110 rpm

200-210 rpm

300-310 rpm

400-410 rpm

500-510 rpm

600-610 rpm

700-710 rpm

800-810 rpm

900-910 rpm

Polinómica (100-110 rpm)




Polinómica (400-410 rpm )






• Components Test: Blades, generators, gears, etc.

SHORT-CIRCUIT CIRCUIT

y = -1E-06x4 + 0.0003x3 - 0.0326x2 + 1.7488xR2 = 0.9905

y = -1E-06x4 + 0.0004x3 - 0.0396x2 + 2.0057xR2 = 0.9634

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Speed (rpm)

Curr

ent

(A)

and

Tor

que (

Nm

)Current

Torque

Polinómica(Current)Polinómica(Torque)

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GENERATORS AND GEARS TEST BENCH (Upto 100 kW)

Test bench up to 7 kW

Test bench up to 100 kW

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SMALL WIND TURBINES Components Test

Output Current in 6 pulse-thyristor inverter

-40.00

-30.00

-20.00

-10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Cur

rent

(A

)

Output current in 6 IGBT PWM Inverter

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100

111

122

133

144

155

166

177

188

199

210

221

232

243

254

265

276

287

298

309

320

331

342

353

364

Vo

ltag

e (V

)

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Cu

rren

t (A

)

Voltage (V) Current (A)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

AC power (W)

% U

thd

an

d It

hd

)

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

0.090

0.100

% (

Pth

d)Uthd

Ithd

Pthd

Evaluation of the power quality of wind turbines in off-grid and grid connectedapplications (UNE-EN-61400-21 Standard)

Current Harmonics in a Sudden Connection

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Harmonic

Cu

rren

t H

arm

on

ics

(%)

Connection current (A) 0.4 kW Connection current (A) 3kW

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SWAT Small Wind Association of Testers (Co-coordinated by CIEMAT)

� The mission of SWAT is to extend general R&D works related to small wind turbines testing so that any creative work and topical discussion will be possible at the SWAT meetings.

� SWAT membership used to deploy Consumer Label

� The objective is to develop peer reviewed task activities such as data analysis exchange, test protocol and methodology, promotion of SWT trials, comparison of test results and strategies, relationships of anemometers. Validate each other test results.

� Set up with annual international meetings (or other web tools) international member’s exchange

� Dissemination activities, etc.

Agreement with the World Wind Energy Association to include public available IEAWind small wind turbines labels in the WWEA Small Wind Platform

http://small-wind.org/

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OFF-GRID WIND SYSTEMS

�Development and assessment of new wind

hybrid and stand alone systems:

� Stand alone wind system (Pumping, Desalination)

� Wind/PV Systems.

� High penetration Wind/Diesel Systems.

� ECOTUR-Renova Project (PIC-CYTED)

� Development of methodology and design tools for systems,

control and management.

� Development of recommendations for design and

assessment of hybrid systems (IEC-IEA).

� Coordination of the wind applications subgroup of the

Spanish Wind Energy Technological Platform (REOLTEC)

� DERLAB Partner

SEDUCTOR Project CICLOPS Project CHILOE Project

GE

~__

--

~__--

consumo en corriente continua

consumo en

corriente alterna

~__--

Partner

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OFF-GRID SYSTEMS Performance assessment of experimental hybrid systems

Performance assessment graphs of CICLOPS I and II systems

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OFF-GRID SYSTEMS (Desalination powered by wind energy)

� WINDOSMOSIS Project. Energy saving system for sea water desalination based in wind energy. Optimal mechanical coupling of a reverse osmosis desalination plant and wind turbine.

� Green MVC Project. Prototype of autonomous sea water desalination system based on mechanical vapor compression MVC powered by energy sources 100% renewable.

� LIFE+ WINDRO Project Demonstrator development of direct drive wind desalination technology.

Wind turbine

seawater

Fresh water

Wind

Desalination plant

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WIND ENERGY TO SUPPORT WEAK GRIDS AND SMART GRIDS

� SINTER Project (PSE National R&D Programme)

• The SINTER project's main objective was to demonstrate the utility of integrating energy storage systems, including hydrogen technologies, wind power to stabilize weak or saturated networks and integrate renewable energy stably so that can operate either connected or off-grid.

� GEBE Project (INNPACTO National R&D Programme)

• The GEBE project’s main objective is to develop, verify, optimize and evaluate a system of global management of multiple smart grid.

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SINTER Project

ADES Wind turbine 250 kW rated power adapted for weak grids

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GEBE Project

Stationary Li-Ion batteries test (50 kW, 50 kWh) in weak grid application)

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FLYWHEELS ENERGY STORAGE

� Development of high speed kinetic energy storage systems.

� Development of design capacity of high rotational

speed with composites.

� Development of manufacturing technical capability

for hybrid flywheels manufacturing (filament winding)

� Development of flywheels test procedures.

� Capability to perform high spin test of composite flywheels.

SEDUCTOR Project ACE2 Project SA2VE Project

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WIND RESOURCE FORECAST

� Development of wind power forecast tools.

� Development of tools to adapt Weather Numerical Prediction NWP models

to complex terrain:

� Statistical upscaling. models:

Artificial intelligence techniques.

� Dynamic upscaling models.

� Development of prediction models based on time series..

� Development of prediction models for high resolution physical

modeling (MM5, WRF).

� Development of specific tools for micro-scale forecast.

� Experimental ensemble forecast

� NEPTUNE Project. Offshore Met ocean Data Measuring Equipment and wind,

wave and current analysis and forecasting software

� EERA-DTOC Project . Design Tools for Offshore Wind Farm Cluster

� HAREAMAR Project .

� NEWA Project . New European Wind Atlas

ANEMOS Project INVENTO Project AVAWIP Project

DTOC Project

SPIN-OFF Global Forecaster

NEPTUNE Project

KIC

EERA

HAREAMAR Project

R&D National Plan

R&D National Plan

NEWA Project

ERA_NET

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NEW DEVELOPMENTS

� Development of innovative ideas in the wind energy field.

� IRP Project (Integrated Research Program on WindTechnology))

� Development of wind turbines for hydrogen production(Profit-GHER Project)

� Technological Breakthrough Analysis of future wind turbines.(CENIT-WINDLIDER 2015 Project).

�Technical assessment of light-weight hydrogen poweredvehicles. (HYCHAIN-MINITRANS Project).

� Impact assessment of energy management in thedevelopment of the electrical light-weight vehicles. (GESMOLProject)

� Small distributed generation tele-management Systems(HAIZENE Project).

� Building Energy Management Intelligent System usingElectrical Vehicles (VE2 Project).

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NEW DEVELOPMENTS Wind Energy Integration in Buildings

Building location

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IEA Wind Task 27 Small Wind Turbines in High Turbulence Sites

� Phase One: (2007-2011)• Development and Deployment of a Small

Wind Turbine Consumer Label• Recommended Practices for Wind Turbine

Testing and Evaluation “Consumer Label for Small Wind Turbines”

• Small Wind Association of Testers SWAT.• Collaboration with the MT2 for the 3rd Ed

IEC 61400-2

� Phase Two: (2012-2016) -> 2018 Extension

• Recommended Practices on micro-siting of small turbines in highly turbulent sites.

• Preparing for standards by developing a new approach to VAWT SLM, building off of the work on the HAWT SLM, and other multi-year research needed to improve the next, fourth revision of the IEC 61400-2 Ed3 standard.

Task 27 PartnersFachhochschule

Technikum Wien, Institut

für Erneuerbare Energie

(AUSTRIA)

CWEA CHINESE WIND

ENERGY ASSOCIATION

(CHINA)

DTU-Technical University

of Denmark (DENMARK)

National Institute of

Advanced Industrial

Science and Technology

(AIST) (JAPAN)

CREDIT Centre for

Renewable Energy

Dundalk Institute of

Technology (IRELAND)

KETEP Korea Institute of

Energy Technology,

Evaluation and Planning

(REPUBLIC OF KOREA)

CIEMAT Centro de

Investigaciones

Energéticas,

Mediambientales y

Tecnológicas (SPAIN)

NREL National Renewable

Energy Laboratory (USA)

Operating agents: Ignacio Cruz (CIEMAT) & Trudy Forsyth (WAT)

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Objectives

� Promote the technical exchange of small wind testing approaches

and methodologies.

� Deployment of the international consumer label for Small Wind

Turbines.

� Evaluation of ‘existing’ 3-D wind data. Evaluation and comparative

analysis of existing accredited power performance results.

� Identification of software tools that can be used to help understand

the complex flow found in an urban environment.

� Validation of simple CFD models based on test data.

� Identification of a common measurement and analysis approach.

� Development of a draft of Recommended Practice, on “Micro-siting

of small wind turbines in highly turbulent sites”.

� Preparing for standards by developing a new approach to VAWT SLM,

building off of the work on the HAWT SLM.

IEA Wind Task 27 Small Wind Turbines in High Turbulence Sites

• Development of guidelines for designing and installing

small wind turbines for the built environment. (urban,

peri-urban)

• Development of a procedure for estimating AEP of Small

Wind Turbines operating in highly turbulent wind sites.

• Validated Turbsim and CFD models (CFX ANSYS, Open

FOAM) for optimized siting wind turbines in highly

turbulent sites.

• Link of CFD codes with Mesoscale Wind Numerical

models and SWT Aeroelastic models.

New developments

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4 Roof mounted VAWT Building 12 NASA Houston (TX)

Rooftop SWT and monitoring system on a small wind buildingat CEDER-CIEMAT. Soria Spain

EEUU AUSTRALIA JAPAN

SPAIN IRELAND

V-52 850 kW wind turbine installed in Dundalk city (Ireland)

Integration of wind energy in built environment. Case studiesIEAWind TCP Task 27 Small Wind in High Turbulence Sites

Warehouse roof mounted wind turbine Port Kennedy

Warehouse roof mounted wind turbine in Tokyo

Taipei College of Marine Technology test field 3 kW VAWT Taipei (Taiwan)

CHINA /TAIWAN

Rooftop wind mesurementat CIGU test facility (Taiwan)

CHINA /TAIWAN

KIER FacilitiesJeju island(Republic of Korea)

KOREA AUSTRIA

University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien

DENMARK

Fence experiment DTU

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THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATENTION

[email protected]

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WIND ENERGY UNIT - CIEMAT