The role of scientific information in sustainable Development: Focus in Latin America

João Vianei SoaresDirector for earth observations

Who we are...Who we are...

03/08/6103/08/61 Dec. No 51.133 Dec. No 51.133 Creates the Organizing Committee of the National Space Activities (GOCNAE).Creates the Organizing Committee of the National Space Activities (GOCNAE).22/04/71 22/04/71 Dec. No 68.532 Dec. No 68.532 Extinguishes GOCNAE and creates the National Institute for Space Research (INPE)Extinguishes GOCNAE and creates the National Institute for Space Research (INPE)

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPEInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE

INPE headquaters, 2004, São José dos Campos, SPINPE headquaters, 2004, São José dos Campos, SP 46 years in 46 years in

20072007

Where we are:Where we are: our national our national instalationsinstalations

INPE – Cachoeira Paulista – SP Remote Sensing Data CenterCPTECCombustion and Propulsion Lab

How many...How many...

Aprox. 1300 employees (300 PhD, Aprox. 1300 employees (300 PhD, 400 MsC and Engineers, 200 400 MsC and Engineers, 200 Technicians, 400 staff)Technicians, 400 staff)

Aprox. 350 researchers, Aprox. 350 researchers, fellowships, Contractors fellowships, Contractors

600 graduate students in 6 600 graduate students in 6 programsprograms

INPE’s mission

INPE to be one of the producers of the required science and to offer singular products and services to the benefit of mankind

Brazil due to be an environmental world leader of 21th century (Rubens Ricupero)

INPE’s mission

Quality products and unique services

Examples of singular products for police making and society information...

DETER Pará 2005

Pollution from Pollution from burning and urban-burning and urban-industrial emissionsindustrial emissions

Pollution from Pollution from burning and urban-burning and urban-industrial emissionsindustrial emissions

Mega citiess regional scale

Large scale

DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE

SATELLITES

Earth Observation, outer space and communications missions

SOIL SYSTEMS

Control, reception, processing and distribuition of spatial data

ANALYSIS AND MODELING

Space Science andEarth System Science

Access toKnowledge

Innovative Products to society

Are extreme events becoming more frequent?

Stronger El Niños? Photo: Juca Martins

When will a new hurricane hit Brasil?

Catarina Hurricane (mars/2004) Imagem NASA

Which science? what tools?

Process Modeling and supercomputing…

Weather and Climate Forecast

Bulletins

PCD

SCD1SCD2

SX6

Satellite Imagery

Weather forecast models

DiscussionsWeather Forecast

CLIMATE DISCUSSION

Vegetation Index

Sea surface temperature

Sazonal Forecast

Supercomputer +models

Temperature oC

CO2 emissions

Changes in temperature in Brazil for year 2050

A2-high

B1-low

Temperature anomaly

Supercomputer +models

Climate change

Annual Pecipitation Anomaly anual [(2071-2100)- (1961-90)] mm/dia

A2

A2

Annual temperature anomaly [(2071-2100)- (1961-90)] oC

B2

B2

dry

drydry

dry

hothot

Tmin

rosenearly1 oC

Average temperature rose 0,7 C in the last 50 years!

What caused increase in

Precipitation:Natural variability

or global warming?

Increase in precipitation in the south of Brasil

(1951-2002)

Source: Eduardo Assad, Embrapa

Impacts on Agriculture

Decrease of the potential producing area as temperature increases from 1 to 5.8oC

0

1000

2000

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4000

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6000

Atual T + 1ºC T + 3 ºC T + 5,8 ºCIncrease in average temperature

Po

ten

tia

l A

rea

(1

000

km2)

corn

beans

Rice

Soybeans

Coffee

Fate of Amazon Biomes?

source: Oyama and Nobre, 2003

Green forest savanization: reaching a new equilibrium biome-clima?

floresta savana caatinga campos deserto

2000 2100

ALAP BR 319Estradas pavimentadas em 2010Estradas não pavimentadasRios principais

0.0 -0.50Diminuição:0.0 0.10Aumento:

Diferenças no desflorestamento:Novas áreas de proteção integralNovas áreas de uso sustentável

Deforestation forecast on BR 319 (Manaus-Porto Velho) in 2020 with protection areas (governace)

TerraCrime: Free Software for public security

Paranapanema

Tiête

Iguaçu

Rio GrandeParaná

Alto Paraguai

Paranaíba

The Paraná river basin and

sub-basins

www.cptec.inpe.br

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5000

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35000

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45000

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27/03/2004 – 51500

Fenômeno Catarina - SC

25/05/2005 – 81100

Enchentes - SP

31/08/2005 – 85000

Ciclone Extratropical - RS

24/02/2006 – 90740

Previsão para o Carnaval

Societal Benefits of the Space program – free data access

Disasters

health

Energy

Water Resources

Climate

Biodiversity

Ecosystems

Agriculture

Brazilian Network on Global Change

Administration office

Science office

SCIENTFIC COMMITTEE

EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT

STEERING COMMITEE

MEMBERS OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE SUB NETWORKS

Chair: MCT Climate Models (INPE)Energy (COPPE)Agriculture (EMBRAPA)Biodiversity (MPEG)Health (FIOCRUZ)Human Dimensions (IEA-USP)International negotiations (MCT)Amazônia (INPA)LUCC (INPE)

Ministries: Health, Agriculture, Environment, Foreign Affairs, Education, National Integration

Staess: FAPESP and FAPs (

Society representation: ABC, SBPC

Brazilain Forum on Climate Change

Brazilian remote sensing satellites

Launch 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

CBERS-2 2003

CBERS-2B 2007

CBERS-3 2009

CBERS-4 2012

Amazonia-1

2010

MapSAR 2012

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

LANDSAT-5 1984

LANDSAT-8 2012

MODIS 2001

International satellites used for PRODES and DETER

Data blackout in 2009?

If its written in English, must be true…

Science, March 30 2007

…and brazilian press reacts…

Plan “Brasil as a Global EO player”

INPE to propose a roadmap to space technologies for 2010-2020 to the Brazilian Space Agency -AEB

Build a family of satellites to fly on the PMMLaunch at least one satellite per yearSustain industrial contractsBe the mover of the Brazilian launcher

project Explore potential convergence between

CBERS and PMM

taking care of Brazil’s needs?

1

10

100

1 10 100 1000Resolution

Revis

it

WFI CB2

CCD CB2

AWFI CB3

PAN CB3

Tecnology 2008

Tecnology 2015

Tecnology 2000

50

50

5

CBERS-6

CBERS-5

Mapping Agriculture

Mapping Deforestation

Detection of Deforestation

Identif Agriculture

5

Amaz-1

A1-CB3

Brasil 2015

Plan INPE 2020

2010 2015 2020

CBERS-3 CBERS-4

Amazonia-1

MAPSAR

Lattes-1

CBERS-5A

Amazonia-2

GPM

CBERS-6A

Lattes-2 Amazonia-3

CBERS-7(SAR)

CBERS-5B

CBERS-6B

The Aqua Train Real Constellation

The Altimetric virtual constellation

A virtual Constellation: the Charter

SAC-C

NOAA, POES, GOES

SPOT

IRS

ESACSANOAAISROCONAECNES

AU : Authorized user

PM : Project Manager

ODO : On Duty Operator

ECO : On Duty Engineer

RADARSAT-1

ERS-2, ENVISAT

CBERS 3 – 4 Sensor Configuration

m

0.4 2.30.7

1.10.9

0.5 1.5 1.7 2.1

WFI 73 m (860 km)

MSS 40 m (120 km)CCD 20 m (120 km)MUX 10 m (60 km)

PAN 5 m (60 km)

Built by China Built by Brazil

CBERS 3&4Participation ofNational Industry - 50% of sub-sistems

• Structure• Telecom• Cameras• Energy suply

Industrial police: CBERS-3,4

Total of national contracts – US$150 million

Amazônia-1

Amazônia-1 (an optical payload)

Global Imaging every three days when operating in tandem with CBERS-3

Provide environmental data to the planet

AWFI

Spectral bands m)

0,45-0,52 B

0,52-0,59 G0,63-0,69 R0,77-0,89 NIR

Spatial resolution (m) 40Swath (km) 780Revisit (days) 5

Exemple of nacional achievements

Camera MUX (OPTO)

Main sensor on CBERS-3/4

CCD with 5 bands and 20 m resolution

MAPSAR (a light SAR)

Reflector antenna

PMM

SAR module

Antenna feeder

Solar Panel

subreflector, data downlink

PLATAFORMAS DE COLETA DE DADOS - SISTEMA SCD - DEZ/2.001

- 3 0

- 2 5

- 2 0

- 1 5

- 1 0

- 5

0

5

- 7 0 - 6 5 - 6 0 - 5 5 - 5 0 - 4 5 - 4 0 - 3 5

M ETEORO LÓG ICA 117

H IDRO LÓ G ICA 262

Q UALIDADE D 'ÁGUA 10

Data collection system

Multimission Plataform (PMM)A bus to carry various Earth Observation satellites

600 - 1200 km altitude300 kg payload e 250 kg other subsystems

Replicate cost: US$ 15 milhões

CBERS-2 Launch(21 October 2003)

CBERS: exemple to the world

Assembly and testing laboratory - LIT

Assembly of CBERS-2B at LIT (2006-2007)

Distribution of CBERS Imagery (01/05/04 a 01/03/06)

Number of scenes distributed(145 Mb/image)

300.000

Institutions 5.200

Scenes per week 2.170

Average recquired time 10 min

CBERS USERS (%)

Government 23%

R&D 26%

Private sector 51%

What do CBERS users say?

“In 2004 IBAMA realized 26 big enforcement operations based on LANDSAT. In 2005, 197 operations were made possible using CBERS imagery.

With CBERS we can do more operations and faster”

Agrobusiness management using CBERS-2

CBERS-2 CCD, Minas Gerais, Brazil

5819

4183

1722

58

3

3462

1275

11

527

270

ARGENTINA

BOLIVIA

CHILE

COLOMBIA

ECUADOR

PARAGUAY

PERU

SURINAME

URUGUAY

VENEZUELA

CBERS Distribution for neighboring countriesFree distribution extended to the footprint of Cuibá ground Station

CBERS being considered as a potential gap filler for Landsat

CBERS2-B for Africa

Brasil and China agreed on free data access of CBERS2-B to African countries.

South Africa and Spain will use their ground stations to receive, process and distribute CBERS data.

GEO offer GEOportal (web) and GEONETcast to reach the end user.

Thank you!!!

Hic sunt leones et dragones

Hic sunt leones et dragones

fonte: Carlos Nobre

Hic sunt leones et dragones