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Who are muckrakers?
Muckrakers were journalists who exposed the corruption found in the cities during the Progressive
Era. Thomas Nast made political cartoons of William “Boss” Tweed showing his corrupt practices. Ida
Tarbell was a muckraker who targeted big businesses. Lincoln
Steffens reported on the corruption in city governments.
How did books and pictures expose the problems found in
society around 1900?
Jacob Riis used pictures and wrote the book How the Other Half Lives to show rich people
what life was like in the tenement slums. Upton
Sinclair wrote The Jungle which graphically showed what life was like in the meat packing
town of Chicago.
What is Teddy Roosevelt known for?
He was the first conservation President. He, along with Gifford
Pinchot and John Muir tried to stop the destruction of the American
countryside. One of his goals was to break up the trusts. He was fairly
successful and became known as the trustbuster. He wanted everyone to
have a Square Deal or the equal opportunity to be successful.
What was the women’s rights movement?
This movements main goal was to get suffrage, or the right to vote, for women. At the Seneca Falls Convention, the Declaration
of Sentiments was passed. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were
staunch advocates for women’s rights. Women eventually got the right to vote with the 19th Amendment in 1920. Many women also joined the temperance movement to
stop the use of alcohol. They saw that alcohol was destroying families. Carry Nation was a prominent woman in this
movement. The 18th Amendment (1919) made the sale of alcohol illegal.
What do we need to know about African American rights
around 1900?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
was established to push for more rights for blacks. Booker T. Washington pushed for equality but said unfair treatment was o.k. until blacks were educated and rich enough
to be equals. He founded Tuskegee Institute, a college for black people. W.E.B.
Du Bois wanted equality quicker and criticized Booker T. Washington. George Washington Carver was a great scientist
who made many discoveries such as
peanut butter.
What was the Civil Service Exam?
The Civil Service Exam is a test so that the most qualified
people are able to get government jobs. This was an
attempt to end the spoils system which is when people got government jobs because
somebody owed them a favor, regardless of their
qualifications.
What is imperialism?
Imperialism is when a strong country
attempts to influence the economic and political affairs of a weaker country.
What is economic imperialism?
Economic imperialism is when the United States got involved
in another country for economic reasons. Examples include controlling a place for its raw materials or as a place to trade. This idea went along
with dollar diplomacy as presented by Teddy Roosevelt,
which called for the U.S. to have its businesses go into a
country to try to gain influence there.
What were the reasons given for U.S.
expansion in the age of imperialism?
Expansion allowed the U.S. to increase trade. There was
also the desire to spread Christianity and democracy.
We had settled all of the land that is now the U.S. so
we now had to gain land elsewhere. There was also
competition with other countries. If we didn’t get
land then they would.
What was going on in China in the late
1800’s?
China, once a powerful nation, had failed to
industrialize and fell prey to more powerful nations.
Many European countries and Japan
established spheres of influence, which were
areas where the country had special trading
privileges.
What about the United States?
The U.S. didn’t have a sphere of influence. As a way to get involved in the Chinese trade it proposed
the Open Door Policy. The Open Door Policy allowed a country to
trade in the sphere of influence of another
country.
Did the United States get involved in the
problems of Cuba in the late 1800’s?
How did we get permission to build the
Panama Canal?
The U.S. offered Colombia $10 million dollars plus
$250,000 for the right to build the canal. When this was unsuccessful the U.S.
backed up a revolt by Panama and got permission from Panama for the same deal. This was the big
stick policy.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
This built upon the Monroe Doctrine(1823)
which told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. The
Corollary said the U.S. could intervene to
preserve peace in Latin America. (and protect our business interests)
What was the Big Stick policy.
This was based upon the statement “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” What it meant was that the U.S. would say what was to
happen in South America and use force to back up
what we said if necessary.
What were the 4 underlying causes of World War I?
MilitarismAlliances ImperialismNationalism
What term means pride in your country?
Nationalism.
What term means when a country takes over a weaker
country either economically or politically?
Imperialism. European countries had colonies
throughout Asia and Africa before World War I. There was competition between countries to get more colonies which led
to tension.
What term refers to when a country builds up its military?
Militarism. Remember the RISK example. When one nation
starts building up its army then others rush to do the same
thing.
What is it called when a country has a secret
agreement to help another country if the country gets in
trouble?
Alliances.
What is propaganda?
Propaganda is when somebody spreads ideas to hurt an opposing cause or help a
particular cause. The Germans used propaganda to try and get
Allied soldiers to join the Central Powers. The United
States used propaganda to get people on the home front to support the war. Examples include victory gardens and
Meatless Tuesdays.
Why were programs such as
-“Victory Gardens” -“Wheatless Mondays” -”Meatless Tuesdays”
heard in the United States during the war?
There was a shortage of food in Europe. Many farmers were
serving in the war. Much of the farmland had been destroyed during the war so not enough
food was being produced.
What were the Fourteen Points?
Wilson’s plan for peace after the war. The goal was to
prevent international problems from starting another war.
What was the League of Nations?
Wilson called for a general association of nations whose
goal was to protect the independence of all nations.
The United States Congress did not pass the Treaty of
Versailles so the United States did not join the League of
Nations.
What were the goals for the treaty of Versailles, the treaty
which ended the war?
Wilson wanted to achieve peace. Europe wanted to
punish Germany fo the war. They wanted Germany to pay
reparations. (Pay for the cost of the war.) They wanted
Germany to admit that the war was their fault. They wanted to eliminate Germany’s military.
Germany was not invited to the peace treaty. The Europeans got their way on most points.
What did Americans think of the Treaty of Versailles?
They thought it was too harsh. Because of this, Congress
ejected the treaty and never joined the League of Nations that Wilson helped to create.
Describe Henry Ford’s automobile business.
Henry Ford used the automated assembly line to create the Model T. The automated assembly line allowed Ford to build a car in
93 minutes. The price of Model T’s dropped from $850 to $290 dollars. The
cars were black and boring but the average person could afford one. The ripple effect
of the car industry was that 4 million people worked in jobs related to the
industry. Roads were paved, restaurants and gas stations sprouted up and hotels
dotted the landscape. Cars allowed people to live in the suburbs and work in the city.
What was happening to the stock market in the 1920’s?
It was going up like crazy. People saw prices rising and did whatever they could
to take advantage of the bull market (prices going up). They bought stocks on margin which was when a person paid a certain percentage of the stock and then
borrowed the money to buy the rest. If the price of the stock went up people were able
to get rich. This is what was happening. People put all their savings into the stock
market. If the price of the stock went down, the people who bought on margin
would be in serious trouble.
What was prohibition?
Prohibition was due to the 18th Amendment. This made the making and
buying of alcohol illegal. People broke this law like crazy. Bootleggers made or
smuggled alcohol in from other countries. Speakeasies, or illegal bars, sprang up
everywhere. Organized crime developed to control the illegal trade in alcohol.
Government officials and police officers were bribed so that they wouldn’t raid
speakeasies. The “noble experiment” was a failure and prohibition was repealed with
the 21st Amendment.
What did the 19th Amendment do?
It allowed women to vote.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
Harlem, in New York City, was a center of African American culture and pride. Jazz was huge here. Langston Hughes wrote
poems denouncing violence toward African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance was a
rebirth in African culture.
What was the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?
Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrants and anarchists. They were brought to trial for murder and robbery. They were convicted and killed although it was more likely that they were killed for being anarchists and
immigrants than for committing the crimes. The judge trying the case was openly
biased against them.
What was the Scopes Trial?
John Scopes was a science teacher in Chicago. He taught Darwin’s theory of
evolution. This was against the law. He was convicted. This trial attracted the best legal minds (Williams Jennings Bryant was
the prosecuting attorney and Clarence Darrow was the defense attorney) and also
the attention of the country.
What was the Ku Klux Klan?
The KKK was started after the Civil War to terrorize African Americans. Hatred toward immigrants led the group to gain strength
in the 1920’s. Now Catholics, Jews and immigrants as well as African Americans were targeted. They used hangings and other means to terrorize. The KKK was able to gain political influence in many
states.