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WHERE THERE IS A WILLTHERE IS A WAY
CASH FOR WORK IN EARLY RECOVERY POST MERAPI ERUPTIONPNPM MANDIRI
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WHERE THERE IS A WILLTHERE IS A WAY
CASH FOR WORK IN EARLY RECOVERYPOST MERAPI ERUPTION
PNPM MANDIRI
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Advisor: Ir. Sujana Royat, DEA
Coordinator: Threesia Mariana Siregar
Drafting team:Suhadi HadiwinotoCatrini Pratihari Kubontubuh
Resource persons:G Sahl WahonoRetno Agustin Diah Ari FikaRose Merry IndrasariAlief BasukiBaskara FebriantoIlma Fadjar
Translation:Dwi Anggorowati IndrasariSuhadi Hadiwinoto
ISBN: 978-602-9476-19-4
Published by Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia and PNPM Support Facility (PSF)
Copyright 2011 Kemenko KesraAll rights reserved
All information contained in this publication may not be copied or distributed without prior written permission from the publisher
Office of the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat no. 3Jakarta, Indonesiawww.menkokesra.go.id
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Foreword by Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare
Preface by Chairperson of TPKEM
The Wrath of Mount Merapi
Emergency Shelter, Temporary Dwelling, Permanent Housing
Cash for Work
Closing Event
Stepping Forward
Photographs Contributors
Bibliography
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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55
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COORDINATING MINISTERFOR PEOPLE’S WELFARE
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
FOREWORD
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wa barakatuh
We thank God the Almighty for His blessing upon us and upon Community Economic Recovery Team. The Team has completed the implementation of cash for work activities using PNPM Mandiri mechanism in volcanic eruption affected regions of Magelang, Boyolali, Klaten, Sleman as well as the municipality of Yogyakarta.
Mount Merapi is one of the world’s most active volcanoes. Mount Merapi status rose from Normal to Alert (Waspada) status on September 20, 2010. On October 21, the status rose from Alert (Waspada) to Ready to Erupt (Siaga) status, and at 06.00AM on October 25, 2010 the status rose from Ready to Erupt (Siaga) to Active Danger/Warning (Awas). In response to the situation, the Vice President urged an implementation of one of urgent policies to provide immediate support to the affected poor who have lost their livelihoods so they can resume economic activity. The Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare received the mandate to implement the said policy. Therefore, it is critical to design a program for implementation in the targeted groups. In response to the said policy, PNPM Mandiri program with the support of PNPM Support Facility (PSF) has the appropriate mechanism to implement. The PSF has committed to channeling grants from donor countries to fund the PNPM Mandiri program.
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Cash for Work activity was created to ensure a good transition from emergency response to rehabilitation and reconstruction phase. The cash for work program has provided the communities with descent works for income generation. The program contributes to the economic recovery of disaster-affected communities.
Through this book “WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY: Cash for Work in Early Recovery Post Merapi Eruption – PNPM Mandiri”, we learn about optimism from the affected communities in facing the future. Despite grief and despair the communities are grateful for the situation. These attitudes set good examples. We hope that stories in this book could encourage us in our efforts to enhance the welfare of the people. Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wa barakatuh,
Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare
AGUNG LAKSONO
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PREFACE
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wa barakatuhWarmest greetings to all, We thank God the Almighty for the completion of this book “WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY: Cash for Work in Early Recovery Post Merapi Eruption – PNPM Mandiri”. The book tells stories and experiences of the Merapi eruptions affected communities along the border of the Province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta on October 26, 2011 and on November 1, 4 and 5, 2011. The eruptions were followed by cold lava flows over a long period of time. But despite all that, the affected communities were able to recover in a relatively short period of time. A lesson learned from the successful recovery is a quick response program in answering the immediate needs of the people in post disaster situation such as cash for work program. This is the first cash for work program implemented in disaster response.
The magnitude of disaster caused by the eruptions in 2010 was significant. Aside from burst of estimated 410 million cubic meters volcanic materials, cold lava flow that follows ran over villages around Merapi damaging various vital infrastructures which in turn affected the local, even the national economy. More than 199 inhabitants were killed by hot clouds and cold lava. An estimated 275,000 villagers were displaced and took refuge. The first eruption began October 26, 2010, followed by several other eruptions. The Merapi eruption on November 5, 2010 was the biggest when it belched large amount of volcanic materials followed by cold lava carrying around 20% left-over volcanic materials cascading down to rivers, namely Kali Putih, Kali Gendol, Kali Adem as well as Kali Code that flows through the city of Yogyakarta.
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In end of November 2010, during a Coordination Meeting for Merapi Disaster Management, the Vice President instructed immediate assistance for livelihood project in between emergency response phase and rehabilitation and reconstruction phase. The income generated from such project is used for recovery and revitalization of life, business and livelihoods of the affected communities. The cash for work program was chosen with the objective that community members can have descent works to slowly recover and rebuild their life. In principle, the activity of cash for work in early recovery focused on initial and simple efforts to reconstruct affected homes, infrastructures and public facilities, as well as to clean-up places of business so everything can function as before the eruptions, even-though partially.
On December 3, 2010, as a follow up to the Vice President instruction, the Coordinating Minister issued a policy on the establishment of Community Economic Recovery Team or TPKEM, and enacted by the Decree of the Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare number 53/KEP/MENKO/KESRA/XI/2010 dated 20 November 2010 concerning the establishment of the Community Economic Recovery Team in Disaster Affected Locations during Urgent Transition Period to Recovery. This was done during the Coordination Meeting for Merapi Disaster Management in the Field Office of National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) in Yogyakarta. The team leadership is under Deputy for the Coordination of Poverty Alleviation and People Empowerment of the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare. The team memberships consist of representatives from relevant ministries/institution, the Governments of Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java Province as well as of relevant regencies/municipalities.
The cash for work program was launched on December 15, 2010, initiated by special cash for work activity to restore salak pondoh (local fruit/Salacca zalacca) plants in Srumbung, Magelang regency on December 14, 2010. The cash for work program was well continued throughout 2011. The cash for work activity continue well throughout 2011 and
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specific for the affected communities only. The villagers/target group was selected via information dissemination process, workers database collection based on Family Register (Kartu Keluarga) and or Identity Card (KTP). The selected community members were involved in the planning, implementation, and accountability reporting.
The fund allocation for cash for work activities is was divided into two phases. For the first phase, 15 billion rupiahs fund was allocated from Emergency Response Fund managed by BNPB. The second phase continued well into December 2011. The cash for work activities in early recovery attracted a large number of people, around 14,000 workers during the first phase and 195,936 workers during the second phase. The standard wage ranged from IDR 30,000 to IDR 70,000/day/worker depending on the workers’ skill level.
For close monitoring of cash for work activities in early recovery, the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta provided an Office space for Community Economic Recovery Team (TPKEM) Field Secretariat inside the Provincial Government Office Complex in Kepatihan, Yogyakarta. A number of consultants were working in the Secretariat to assist with cash for work implementation, monitoring and communication with relevant local governments. Funding from PNPM Support Facility (PSF) supported the operational activity of TPKEM. As instructed by the Vice President, the cash for work activities should be implemented in a large scale in unison. The objective is to fill-in a possible gap during the transition from Emergency Response phase to Rehabilitation and Reconstruction phase. The cash for work activity was implemented during the transitional period—known as Early Recovery phase. This cash for work in early recovery later becomes part of operational standard procedures in early recovery phase—a transitional phase between emergency response and rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.
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Due to management under various responsible agencies, the affected communities often had to wait for long before reconstruction and rehabilitation take place. During the emergency response phase, all activities were under the coordination of BNPB. During rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, implementation was under relevant ministries and their respective technical divisions. The transition process took time and often put assistance/aid for communities on hold. Via the cash for work in early recovery activity, communities can start working while waiting for various government assistance or program. Therefore, the most suitable forms of activities in early recovery phase are direct to communities, implement by communities and generate income for economic recovery.
This book does not provide technical information and aspects of cash for work program but more on the lessons learnt from the implementation, highlighting values of humanity, spirit, courage, optimism, during implementation of the program. A 78 year-old grandmother was enthusiastic in participating in the cash for work in early recovery by pulling out grass and collecting garbage. By the look on her face she was happy to working together alongside her neighbors while making jokes. We can’t measure this kind of happiness with money. Spirit of this book is to showcase values of humanity, wisdom and spirit of community to rebuild their lives and livelihoods.
The disaster has taken everything away, but spirit to start over is never lost. Faith that they can rebuild a much better life and future is never lost. The cash for work in early recovery activities provides a way and hope to the affected community to revive and rebuild their life from the start for a better future for their children. The communities handled the disaster and lost of their material goods very well. During group discussions, they decided on things to amend and to rebuild based on priorities/importance for the community. Restoring clean water, river dike, irrigation canal, as well as primary school, places of business,
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health clinic, market, stalls, and their houses, were the focus of cash for work activities in early recovery undertaken by the communities. There are many good lessons learnt on human values during the implementation of cash for work in early recovery in affected regions. Those are the things in this book that we want to share with you so we can learn that even in difficulties spirit and solution for a better life exist.
As the Chairperson of the Community Economic Recovery Team, on behalf of my team mates, I would like to thank and convey highest gratitude to all parties, especially the Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare for trusting us with this important duty. Deepest gratitude to the Governor of Yogyakarta Special Region who has been very kind in providing us with assistance and support throughout the cash for work in early recovery activities in providing various important facilities including a space for our Team’s Secretariat office; Special thank goes to the Head of BNPB, Dr. Syamsul Ma’arif and his team. The implementation of the first phase of cash for work in early recovery activities would not have been realized without their assistance. Our gratitude also goes to Bambang Widianto, Executive Secretary of the National Team for Acceleration of Poverty Alleviation and his team especially Tonno Supranoto, Sudarno, Rinaldi who have been a great assistance to our team from the beginning, and in accelerating the process of fund disbursement from various funding sources. Our sincere thank goes to Director General of Cipta Karya—the Ministry of Public Work and his team whose managing PNPM Urban, Director General of PMD—the Ministry of Home Affairs and his team whose managing PNPM Rural, Jan Weetjens—Co-Chairperson of PNPM Support Facility (PSF) and his team, especially Sentot Satria, Threesia Siregar and our friends whose patience and assistance have been tremendous in accelerating process and disbursement of grants for timely usage by the beneficiaries.
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We wish to thank all Regents and Mayors and their staffs in the regency of Sleman, the municipality of Yogyakarta in the Special Province of Yogyakarta and the regencies of Magelang, Klaten, Boyolali for their attention, support and assistance that made implementation of our activities possible; to the heads of district (Camat), sub-district/village (Kepala Desa), sub-village (Kepala Dusun), volunteers from Community Self-help Group (KSM), Activity Management Team (TPK), Rural Community Empowerment Cadres (KPMD) for their patience in giving explanation about disaster impact to the recovery team at all times in the Village or District Office. Our gratitude also goes to the consultants, the urban coordinator, the regency Coordinators, managers of Activity Management Unit (UPK) and Leaders of Community Self-help Group (BKM) of PNPM Mandiri, for their assistance during the implementation, the information dissemination as well as the monitoring of activities. And, last but not least, to our fellow colleagues working in PNPM Mandiri Management Task Force Secretariat and my colleagues in the Office of Deputy VII as well as all staffs in the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare for their assistance during the implementation, and to all parties involved that we can not mention one by one. I, on behalf of the team, would like to apologize for any mistakes during the implementation of our work and duties. Thank you for your kind understanding.
I hope that readers will benefit from this book and that all hard works put into the publication of this book will receive blessings from God the Almighty, Most Beneficent and Most Merciful.
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Billahi taufiq wal hidayahWassalamu’alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh,
SUJANA ROYATChairperson of the Community Economic Recovery Activity Team Post Merapi EruptionPNPM Mandiri
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THE WRATH OF MOUNT MERAPI
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Mount Merapi is the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and has erupted many times for thousands of years. The November 2010 eruption is the biggest one since 1870s. Around 275,000 people were forced to flee. As of December 3, the disaster has taken away 199 lives. Forty-five hospitals and more than 100 Puskesmas (community healthcare centre) and emergency posts in several villages attended the injured. Thousands were injured and many were physically disabled. There were many stressful and traumatized patients. Roads, bridges, sewers, public facilities establishments, and houses have been destroyed or damaged. Places of work and source of income of the villagers became inaccessible. The community surrounding Merapi suffered terrible hardships.
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Far to the horizon, the debris of Merapi is visible
A number of damaged infrastructures
Earthquakes caused by Merapi eruption have been felt since early September 2011 and continued to escalate. On September 13, white fume soared 800 meters high. On October 23, lava cascaded from the peak of Merapi to Gendol river. Merapi erupted 3 times on October 25 and erupted again on October 29, and October 30, the eruptions on November 1 and November 5 were Merapi’s biggest eruptions. After middle of November and several big eruptions later, the situation better. The situation improved after mid November and seeveral eruptions later. On 3 December Merapi status was downgraded from Ready to Erupt to Alert/level III.
In the beginning, many villagers were reluctant to take refuge; they prefer staying to stay in their village despite the dangerous threats. They started to take refuge as news of the death of Mbah Marijan spreads after hot clouds blazed through his village.
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Sad and tired
Jumoyo villageStreets were filled with villagers taking refuge, some walks, some ride motorbikes, some ride on trucks provided by the local government and social foundations. Some descended from the mountain with their cattle. They took along only their most valuable belongings with them. They left the rest back home. Ash rain got thicker and felt warm once it touched the skin. Hair, clothes, vehicles, and leaves all covered in thin layer of grey. The rumbling sound from Mount Merapi, and news cascading wedhus gembel or hot clouds made them worry.
Refugees follow thousands of people moving toward emergency shelters in a rush. Without knowing what awaits them there. The just want to have a safe place that shelter them from the threats of lava and hot cloud.
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Cattle fall victim to the volcanic eruption
Jumoyo village
Hot liquid sulphur runs through rivers
The rumbling volcano’s crater spit out lava and hot clouds sweeping everything in their path. Hot clouds known as wedhus gembel frightened nearby villagers. It moved very fast swallowing up all on their way. People, cattle, houses and its contents, forest, all burnt to ashes. Liquid sulphur with noxious fumes runs through rivers.
After the rumbling subsided, Merapi spewed thick smoke. But it rumbled back to life with the next eruptions. Meanwhile, millions cubic meters of mud and volcanic ashes piled up at its peak, waiting for rain to fall trigger cold lava to slide down to the villages below.
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EMERGENCY SHELTER, TEMPORARY DWELLING,
PERMANENT HOUSING
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Daily situation in refugee shelter
After a long tiring journey, refugees arrived at the shelters feeling exhausted, confused, sad, worry, uncertain of their lives. But of utmost importance was they have a safe place to shelter from lava and hot cloud threats.
Some people met and regrouped with their relatives and village neighbors. Some people were sleeping next to people they just met in the shelter from other villages. That did not matter, all they wanted was to rest and ease their troubled mind. Some took care of their wounds. Some were looking for family members separated during evacuation.
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One big tent accommodated several families together
Single family tents
Refugees, who have lost their homes and belongings, should get immediate shelter. They were accommodated in big makeshift tents usually used by the military and the red cross for emergency situation. Many families sheltered here with minimum facilities. Living without privacy with many other families under one roof may not have the convenience of own home.
In the mean time smaller tents, provided by various social organizations, were set up for individual families with better privacy but they were cramped, without ventilation and lacking airflow. Some had to stay longer than the others who were lucky enough to get temporary shelters where families can live in descent temporary dwelling houses.
In general refugee families prefer to go home’ as soon as possible. Some people went back home, some couldn’t because their villages have been designated as disaster prone areas. They had to wait for the establishment of permanent housing which preparation would take a while.
26 Temporary housing under construction
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Temporary housing
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Temporary house in Gondang Tiga
Many corporations and social foundations jointly funded the development of temporary houses. Their contributions speed up recovery of the refugee families’ lives, so the families could move out of the makeshift tents. Although simple, with walls made out of woven bamboo and asbestos roofing, the rooms are in descent size for family to live in. The temporary housing was built with social and public facilities such as Balai Dusun (village hall), PAUD (early childhood education), mushola (muslim’s communal place of worship), and green space.
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Mushola
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Temporary housing in Jumoyo
Former site of Jumoyo settlement buried in cold lava sand
Jumoyo temporary housing was built in the vicinity of the villagers previous settlement along Kali Putih riverbank which was swept off by cold lava. The temporary shelter has open green space, children playground and environmentally friendly garbage recycling training centre.
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Former site of Jumoyo settlement buried in cold lava sand
Another type of temporary housing developed by UGM team
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Some temporary housing alternatives designed by architects
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Several families started cleaning and fixing their damaged old houses in their home village. In the meantime, a plan for the designation of safe areas, disaster prone and non-built-up areas was being formulated. This regulation requires agreement from relevant institutions due to complex social issues.
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Although there are facilities in temporary housing, but it’s not the same as permanent and privately-owned home. Therefore, several locations have been prepared for permanent housing such as in Kepuharjo village, Sleman Regency.
Several families have built their permanent on their privately-owned lands. They gradually built their homes with assistance from government or social foundations. They rebuilt their damaged homes with some remains of their damaged homes.
Villagers whose lands were declared safe went back and built their homes relatively faster. Various parties provided financial and technical assistance, including assistante on technical aspects of building a house. Some other villagers had to wait longer because of land issue and the status as disaster prone areas.
Land prepared for permanent housing in Kepuharjo village
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Permanent house built on privately-owned land finished faster
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CASH FOR WORKFOR COMMUNITY ECONOMIC RECOVERY
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After Merapi calmed down, economic activities didn’t recover right away
The formal process of recovery and village rehabilitation took a long time. In the meantime refugees were feeling confused because they have no money and unclear status of their land. In general all the displaced wanted to go back home, but several matters have to be sorted-out.
Daily necessities should be fulfilled and they could not fully depend on the disaster management team. It was clear that in such situation they need to earn some money, even though in small amount. They could not go back to their previous jobs for their fields were all covered by lava, irrigation, cattle and tools were lost swept away and broken.
They had to get out of their sadness, confusion and desperate situation. They need activities and hope. They had to do some activities, live a normal life as family and member of community. At least they need to have some emergency works. In this situation they need simple works and activities that can be done by anyone without any training and sophisticated skills, without long administrative process.
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Enthusiastic participation of the young and the elderly in cash for work
Men and women rebuild their village in high spirits
Doing work made them feel useful, productive and confident. Doing work made them feel alive, that they contributed to build and fix things in their community together with others. In this situation, they started to earn a living for their family, while they could not return to their paddy field and their previous job. It is important that the community economy keep on moving, not left on hold and get rusty.
In this scheme, cash for work activity was developed to overcome problems faced by local villagers. The activities include mending damaged roads or cleaning volcanic rock and sands. Irrigation and drainage have to be cleaned, to be fully functional again. Agricultural fields await rehabilitation. There were many simple works to do by community members to revive their lifes. These works for all villagers, young and old, men and women of the productive age. Every family can send family members to participate. Participation is a right, and not an obligation.
The young and the elderly welcome enthusiastically the cash for work program, where they can work and earn some money in this difficult
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Happy smiles after all hard work together
Happy to receive hard earned cash
time. The cash for work was a blessing that quenched their thirst. Moreover the process was simple, easy, transparent, and all villagers were monitoring the implementation. Normally in villages, the activity was implemented for about 5 to 10 days.
We can feel happiness among the villagers when they received their wage after participation in one of cash for work activities. At that time money was scarce and there were few other works available. Ibu Parjinah (35) a villager from Tlogolele Selo village who participated in cash for work in lieu of her husband, mentioned that no one deduct the amount of wage. “I participated for 8 days and received exactly IDR 240,000 from the daily wage of IDR 30,000 the same amount announced by Pak RT (head of community association)”.
At the closing of activity and wages payment process for cash for work, TPKD conducted a village meeting to hand over the implementation of cash for work to the Village Head by handing over an accountability
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Thumb print on the receipt of wages payment
report witnessed by villagers and community leaders. Discussion concerning the level of participation and the role of villagers were held as input for the village and TPKD.
Pak Slamet (43), Ibu Tukinah (52) and Pak Suwarto (49) from Pusporenggo village, Musuk sub-district said they participated in the “MOVEMENT”, which referred to the Cash for Work. Participants’ photo and thumb print were collected every time they’ve finished their work, to manage accountability for wages payment. This is the most practical and accurate way to avoid misconduct.
Process transparency and effective delivery received applaud from the villagers. No room for misconduct due to close monitoring by villagers. Willingness in implementing various activities together in their respective village contributes to cash for work success. The spirit of guyub (togetherness) and gotongroyong (mutual aid) have long been nurtured and developed by both community leaders and members. Based on that spirit, all past and hopefully future issues can be resolved.
Cash for work activities have brought breath of fresh air to communities. Aside from the work to rebuild the village, they interacted with each other. Other than physical results, the atmosphere of working together was another positive result from village rehabilitation. This mutual aid fosters spirit of togetherness in solving issues.
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The area was mainly farmland. Therefore, cash for work focused around agricultural activities, such as cleaning up paddy fields, repairing damaged irrigation ditches, or cleaning up scattered big volcanic stones from paddy fields, irrigation ditches, or village roads.
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The normalization of irrigation ditches in Demakijo, Karangnongko, Klaten
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Rehabilitation of irrigation ditches, a vital infrastructure for the farmers.
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Restoration of salak plantation in Srumbung village
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Sariharjo is situated 19 km from the summit of Merapi and directly affected by the Merapi eruption. Residents of the northern villages were evacuated during the eruptions. Sariharjo village-hall was used as emergency shelter. Sariharjo is prone to cold lava flood due to its location. Boyong river which flows through the village, brought the cold lava flood from Merapi. There are 10 small villages in the area: Rejondani 1, Rejondani 2, Ngetiran, Tegalrejo, Wonorejo, Tawangkerto, Karangmloko, Mudal, Sumberan and Tegalsari. Cold lava swept away five houses, caused landslides in several areas flooded the irrigation canals and ditches.
BKM worked to ease the burden and suffering of the affected communities. Assessment to collect information for cash for work was conducted to prepare submission of BKM proposal. From the start, the village administration of Sariharjo (pemdes) played an important role in cash for work activities. Pemdes quick provision of preliminary data record and facilitation assistance during designation of location and appointment of workers helped to avoid conflicts. Pemdes and BKM both work well together in formulating cash for work proposal despite short preparation time.
Cash for work was not an easy program to do at the beginning. Several policy changes discouraged the community and almost made them refuse the cash for work program. Pemdes took leadership as the mentor of PNPM activities at the village level. Several policy changes conveyed by BKM were responded wisely and then shared under joint coordination with relevant parties, among others were the dukuh (small village) and community leaders. The information was later disseminated to community members and candidates of cash for work.
SARIHARJO VILLAGE GOVERNMENT ROLE INCASH FOR WORK
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Cash for work fund was finally disbursed in April for the total of IDR 129,600,000 which was divided into IDR 3,500,000 operational costs and IDR 126,100,000 implementation fund. The funds were disbursed in three installments, 30% in first installment, 50% in second installment and 20% in third installment. The initial restoration plan was 20,000 meter, but 24,500 meter was completed within a period of 27 days. The work absorbed 192 unskilled labors with IDR 30,000/6-hour wage, three foremen with IDR 70,000/6-hour wage, and 1 semi-skilled labor with IDR 30,000/6-hour wage.
Participants of cash for work program consisted of 135 men and 57 women, under coordination of a Working Group (Pokja) consisted of Sariharjo village volunteers. Cash for work program implementation focused on three locations: Rejondani—the worst affected by the eruptions—situated on the riverbank of Boyong river, Karangmloko and Mudal. The village administration together with BKM and the Pokja jointly monitored the locations.
The implementation of the cash for work in Sariharjo village follows cash for work management principles, as follows:
1. Participative Process refers to participation of communityduring planning, implementation, and control as implementers as well as beneficiaries.
2. Transparency and accountability refer to activities which areconducted in transparent and accountable manners, especially to the society, in every step of post-disaster recovery.
3. Simple and easy to do refers to simple and systematical implementation of activities by the community following the objectives and basic provisions for the implementation of cash for work activities.
4. Good quality refers to working quality standards.
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Merdikorejo village was among the villages participated in second phase of cash for work program. The village is situated about 11-18 km from Merapi Mountain. Merdikorejo village is well-known for salak pondoh (local name for Salacca zalacca). The ashes of Merapi eruptions sediment clogged the irrigation ditches, causing the harvest of salak pondoh plantation to fail.
Since most of the villagers were highly dependent on salak pondoh harvest, therefore BKM Manunggal implemented cash for work program for the repair and cleaning of irrigation ditches.
By conducting such activities, the community hoped that water supply for salak pondoh plants can be secured. We hope that Merdikorejo village people can recover soon, and prove that Merdikorejo people are truly superb!
Cash for work involved all poor community members and those who lost their livelihood due to the eruptions. The cash for work program was an oasis in a desert for all the villagers in need. Not only men but also women, young and elderly people all participated in the program. Cash for work activity was implemented in three phases, and each phase was completed in 6 days. The first phase started from 4-9 April 2011 involved
SUPERB MERDIKOREJO
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11 hamlets, with a total fund of IDR 38,925,000. The second phase started from 2-7 May involved 17 hamlets, with a total fund of IDR 64,875,000. The third phase involved 6 hamlets with a total fund of IDR 25,950,000. The total funds used for the cash for work program was IDR 129,750,000, based on categories made by PNPM cash for work program.
With that amount, cash for work program in Merdikorejo involved 280 workers during the first phase, 337 during the second phase, and 136 during the third phase. After the completion of the program, irrigation ditches were clean to serve efficient flow of water, but the village need to remain alert for the possibility of cold lava flowing down from Merapi during rainy season.
But, the villagers could not control or predict when such sequential disaster will be over. In the meantime, the villagers’ daily social and economic life will continue to fulfill their needs and challenges.
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In Bangunkerto village of Turi sub-district, volcanic ashes formed sedimentation which clogged irrigation ditches. It caused a serious problem for villagers whose livelihood depends on salak harvest. Moreover, volcanic ashes which covered the salak plantation ground and trees can cause harvest failure.
Besides provision of employment opportunities for the poor, another benefit of cash for work was the strengthening of mutual cooperation spirit and harmonious cooperation, and providing hope in the
THE ROLE OF POKJA IN THE SUCCESS OF CASH FOR WORK PROGRAMME
gloomy atmosphere. Bangunkerto cash for work programme started on 27 April 2011, with a total fund allocated IDR 125,180,000 divided into IDR 121,680,000 for labour wage and IDR 3,500,000 for operating funds. The disbursement of fund was made in three installments amounting 30%, 50% and 20% of the total funds. The fund disbursed for the first phase was IDR 37,554,000 for three hamlets, namely Karangwuni, Bangunharjo, Jurugan. Each hamlet employed 26 people from poor families.
Another IDR 62,590,000 of fund for the second phase of cash for work program was allocated for hamlets of Ngentak, Kelor, Rejodadi, Wonosari, Gadung, Kawedan. The project was scheduled to finish by Wednesday, June 8, 2011. Phase three started from June 2, 2011 – June 16, 2011 with IDR 25,036,000 fund allocated for hamlets of Ganggong, Bangunsari and Kendal. The program run well due to Pokja’s, Working Group, active role as the organizing committee in cash for work program’s implementation. Irrigation ditches clean-up in 12 hamlets were targeted to reach 50,000 meters, and there are another 30,000 meters of irrigation ditches which need clean-up.
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Pokja is the working group of cash for work activities in village level; consist of elements from Field Management Unit-UPL , Field Management Unit-UPK, Secretariat and members of Community-Based Organization-LKM. Pokja was also the driving force behind all the cash for work activities. The success of the cash for work program in Bangunrejo village was mainly due to the active role of Pokja during the process of information dissemination and facilitation.
The followings are the actions undertaken by Pokja Mekar for the successful implementation of the cash for work program:
1. Disseminating information on cash for work activities to the community members
2. Coordinating with Village Government, hamlet to determine locations for cash for work program implementation.
3. Formulating Cash for Work Program Proposal.4. Conducting verification on prospective workers in collaboration
with hamlet and village administration by giving priority to poor residents.
5. Conducting cash for work activity monitoring, overseeing irrigation ditches clean-up in 12 hamlets.
6. Paying labor wage on the sixth and seventh day of working period.
7. Working on administration andaccountability reports on the implementation of cash for work program.
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COMMUNITY LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF CASH FOR WORK ACTIVITY
Establishment of Working Group on
Cash for Work (1 day)
Review of Annual Plan and Formulation of Proposal (5 days)
Fund disbursement Request Submission
(7 days)
Implementation, Monitoring
Evaluation and Reporting (60 days)Information
Dissemination on the Activities and
Registration of Workers (2 days)
Enhancement of UPS/UPL Capacity (2 days)
Fund Disbursement for Cash for Work to BKM/LKM bank
account
Entering the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Phase
Community
meeting
Annual plan review
PIM (post Merapi
Eruption)
Establishment of PokjaProcessing Proposal
Document & Submission
to UPL/BKM
Dokument compilation
Fund Disbursement by
BKM to Satker PBL of
DIY Prov.
Fund received
in BKM acc.
SPPD-PK
BAP2
LPJ Pokja
Pokja proposed
RPD 1 to BKM,
LPD 1 & RPD 2
and continuing
- List of Workers Attendance (Form-7)
- Daily Progress Report (Form-8)
- Cash flow Journal (Form-3)
- Administration Cost Recap (Form-4)
- Materials Recap (Form-5)
- Workers Wage Recap (Form-8)
Pokja Implementation:
KPPN
Administrative Training for:
- UPL/UPS
- Working Group SPD
SPM
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The slogan “SLEMAN RISE UP” was no ordinary slogan found at the streetside and printed media. These words believed to have magical influence on the people of Sleman. The slogan lifted the spirit to rise up against adversity.
One of many issues to resolve post eruption problems was infrastructure rehabilitation and continuous clean-up. Apparently “Out of darkness comes light” didn’t apply in the Merapi eruption situation, because after the eruptions comes the cold lava flood which brought infrastructure damage and misery for those living along river banks.
SLEMAN RISE UP WITH CASH FOR WORK
Sleman Rise Up, hand in hand, in the spirit of solidarity, believing that problems will be easier to solve when we are solving them together. PNPM cash for work activity, was launched in February 2011 for the
first 11 villages directly affected by Merapi eruptions. It was followed by other villages indirectly affected by or suffered from the subsequent impact of post eruptions i.e. cold lava flood. Hargobinangun and Candibinangun villages were two recipients of the
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first phase cash for work program. The villages are only 5-20 km away from Merapi Mountain. Hargobinangun is a tourist destination area. This village was directly affected by the eruptions. Hargobinangun’s physical and economic infrastructures were damaged. Clean water stopped flowing, irrigation ditches filled with Merapi’s volcanic ashes. People’s livelihood, namely agriculture and livestock rearing, suffered damages which caused economic losses and suffering for the community.
The first priority of post eruptions rehabilitation were provision of clean water. Thank God, UGM and Regency Government donated clean water pipes to the two villages. PNPM cash for work funds were used to pay labor wage for the installation of clean water pipes and reservoir/ storage tank. Aside from that, the funds were also used for irrigation ditches clean-up.
Implementation of this cash for work activity took approximately four weeks, starting from February 28 to March 28, 2011, with total fund allocated IDR 237,265,500 for Hargobinangun village and IDR 200,000,000 for Candibinangun village to conduct two activities, namely the installation of clean water pipes and the cleaning up of irrigation ditches which were clogged due to mudflow of Merapi.
The works involved approximately 15,000 people in each village. Distribution of daily wages was in accordance with categories specified by the PNPM cash for work program as follow, IDR 70,000 for foremen, IDR 50,000 for handymen /carpenters, and IDR 30,000 for labors.
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Installation of clean water pipelines Irrigation ditch clean-up
After the completion of cash for work in the two villages, clean water run into the villagers’ homes and extra clean water supply from the Regency was no longer necessary. Irrigation ditches cleaned up and the water could flow freely, but in unpredictable times cold lava could cascade down from the crater of Merapi. Although there are still threat of damage caused by sudden cold lava flow, but the rehabilitation was undertaken immediately for the community.
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“Cash for work activities are very beneficial for the people of Wonokerto village ,” said Soegito 35-year-old chairperson of the public water service group to Mr Arief Achdiat, Head of PMU P2KP, during the monitoring of cash for work activities implementation in Wonokerto village, Turi sub-district, in Sleman district. This remark was conveyed in his capacity as the chairperson of the Working Group on Clean Water Piping Installation. Soegito who is living in the hamlet of Tunggul Arum, Wonokerto, has 2 children. He worked hard together with villagers to rehabilitate clean water facilities damaged by Merapi eruptions.
Before the disaster “KRASAK SUSTAINABLE CLEAN WATER GROUP”, the organization chaired by Soegito, had been serving almost 500 families residing in three villages, namely Wonokerto and Giriketo in Sleman regency and Srumbung village in Magelang regency. After the Merapi eruption the facilities was broken. Through the PNPM Mandiri Urban Cash for Work, he was more motivated to rehabilitate water pipe so that people can get clean water, especially in Wonokerto. This activity was undertaken by combining two programs, namely Cash for Work and Pamdes Program (Rural Drinking Water Program) which were by the Provincial Department of Public Works and the Office of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) of the Special Province of Yogyakarta. The wage of the people employed was rewarded through cash for work activity and pipeline was provided by the Pamdes Program.
SOEGITO, WONOKERTO VILLAGE VOLUNTEER
Installation of clean water pipelines
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The installation of 6.50 kilometers clean water pipelines was carried out by the community members themselves, from the water source to the dispensing reservoir located in residential areas and then directly distributed to residents’ homes. Undulating land contour, river crossing, and uphill climb were difficult challenges for manual installation of the water pipeline by the community. However, the villagers managed to do it, and complete the installation satisfactorily. There was only a small problem to secure and reinforce pipe clamps installation. The existing water dispensing reservoir can now be reused. This work was carried out in 12 days from 28 February to 12 March 2011 at a cost of IDR30,000,000 to pay for 720 man-days (HOK) which involved 23% women. Currently, after the completion of cash for work, approximately 200 families in Wonokerto can enjoy clean water. Each unit of dispensing reservoir can serve 20 households, but some still have to wait. Therefore, Soegito as community leader in clean water and irrigation in Wonokerto wishes that the activity of cash for work can be continued until all residents of Wonokerto enjoy clean water.
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RESTORATION OF SALAK NGLUMUT
Nglumut village is known for its excellent quality of salak. The village with a total area of 140 hectares was almost entirely covered by salak trees. Salak trees can be seen wherever we go on either side of the road. According to Pak Toharjo the salak plantation has been growing rapidly after 1980.
During the eruption of Merapi, volcanic ashes filled the air and affected Nglumut village. The ash layers which covered the leaves, branches, and buds of salak trees in the plantation hindered the growth of the trees.
In December 2010 there was IDR 300,000,000 aid to weed out and trim the salak trees and to clear the land. Followed by another IDR 200,000,000 to implement 25 days of cash for work. The farmers were in a difficult situation since their salak plantation have not been able to produce not until the next four months. They need work opportunity and emergency funds to survive. It took creative efforts to address this issue.
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PAK DIRO AND HIS COWS
Pak Diro Utomo, resident of Sambungrejo hamlet, Balerante village near the peak of Merapi, told a story they started to evacuate one day after mbah Marijan died. The next day big eruption destroyed his village. He evacuated with his six cows, which are very important belonging for his family’s life. They are very lucky to be able to get away right at the last minute. His grandson was very impressed with the experience and drew it on paper for wall hanging.
Now they’re back in the village and have begun to rebuild their house with the aid of some charitable foundations. His children work as sand miners in the river, but Pak Diro couldn’t do it and choose to take care of his cattle. The main problem now is the scarcity of clean water, which availability depends on the rain collected in water tank and occasional water supply delivered by a water tank truck.
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JUMOYO VILLAGE SWEPT AWAY BY COLD LAVA FLOOD
Jumoyo village which is situated by Yogyakarta-Magelang highway at Putih River’s bank, far from the peak of Merapi, was not directly affected by the big eruption of Merapi. Disaster came a month later when cold lava cascaded carrying stones and mud swept away all settlements along Putih river. Mud buried houses to their ceilings.
Now they all live in temporary houses built not far from that location. Because the riverbanks were still disaster prone, they were offered to move to permanent housing in a more secure but somewhat distant area. They are only willing if all citizens “evacuated altogether”, not individually. It is currently in the process of deliberation that may take a while to conclude.
Some of their family members are working as sand miners and stone breakers. These types of work are hard but they can earn a lot from the hard work. Other works are hard to find. We need to create other employment opportunities aside from sand mining and stone breaking.
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Men and women join the work
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In some locations, cash for work activities were in synergy with activities of other agencies that were using heavy equipments. Thus, cash for work made an even wider impact on the welfare of the surrounding communities.
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ONE DETERMINATION: RISE UP TOGETHER!THE ROLE OF KEPARAKAN URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Two months after the eruption of Mount Merapi, another disaster came with vas damaging impact. Millions of tons of sands, boulders and other materials that was spewed out by Merapi and were piled up at the mountain top was brought cascading down through the rivers after heavy rainfall. This event brought along a new disaster, the cold lava flood, which was as harmful.
The occurrence of cold lava flood was very potential to happen in Code River that disgorges at Mount Merapi. The width of the Code River, which flow through the middle of the city of Yogyakarta, is inadequate. There is a section with 20 meters width, but there is also a very narrow section of less than 15 meters due encroachment of squatter settlements. River flooding often happen at the point of constriction. Starting from Jogoyudan area in Jetis sub-district to Sorosutan area in Umbulharjo sub-district, people who live along the river’s bank at these areas are often victims of flooding, including the cold lava flood. Even in some points, the height of the water mixed with mud and sand can rise up to 2 meters and flooded the houses.
Rapid sedimentation had reduced the load capacity of water along the river. The normal depth of the river was between 4-5 meters but in some areas the depth was left to 1 meter only.
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In Keparakan village, inhabitants of approximately 6 community associations (RW) are living in areas along Code River’s bank. Muddy water has flooded the areas for more than 5 times. There was once when people’s houses was filled with 1.5 meters of mud and water. Many times people sporadically cleared blockages in the river’s canals, but because there are too many blockgaes, the impact of the activity to reduce flooding was not significant. BKM
(Community Self-reliance Body), an institution established by urban village community, raise this issue in the community meeting forum, to define it as a community program to be done together.
After the information dissemination on cash for work program, Keparakan urban village community agreed to form a working group consisting appointed community members. They organize active involvement of the community along the Code River bank to join hands to clean and repair drainage in their area. Cash for work activities in Keparakan urban village also involved the village administration. Cash for work activities in the urban village of Keparakan knows no holiday; this is due to the strong Cash for work activities in Keparakan urban village also involved the village administration. Cash for work activities in the urban village of Keparakan knows no holiday; this is due to the strong desire of the community living along Code River’s bank to reduce the impact of cold lava flood. The spirit of togetherness, solidarity and social awareness of the community was in line with the spirit of the cash for work program.
Based on the existing local wisdom, people joined hands to rebuild the house of poor family in their community. The condition was very depressing because the house was always inundated even when there was no flood. Residents worked together to dismantle the house, raised its floors and fixed the interior in order to create a healthy home.
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At the time of this writing, the building works has been completed and the house has been lived in. The Keparakan community living along the river bank felt proud and grateful for the harmonious live among neighbors and the ability to resolve and mitigate the impact of cold lava flood together.
BKM Wiramukti, together with Keparakan urban village community especially those living along Code river bank, felt the growing sense of community solidarity and social awareness among the people during the cash for work activities. The community hope that BKM as community social institution which was formed and established by the community members could be the instigator of further similar activities.
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DISASTER BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER
Merapi eruptions that occurred in November 2010 brought many problems for the city of Yogyakarta. Although not directly affected by the eruption, but the impact of Merapi eruption is still felt by the people of Yogyakarta, especially those living along Code river bank. Prawirodirjan village communi-ty joined hands in addressing this threat together with Municipal Government that brought in heavy equipments for the dredging of sediment in the river. Later on, the Central Government launched cash for work program aimed at recovering the economic live, which was disrupted by the flood.
This cash for work program was implemented via PNPM Mandiri Urban and managed by cash for work Working Group established by Community Self-reliance Agency (BKM) through Neighborhood Management Unit (UPL), together with Social Management Unit (UPS).
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Prawirodirjan urban village was one of 14 urban villages in Yogyakarta municipality which received cash for work program that provides job opportunities and improvement of the neighborhood. After several information disseminations, BKM Prawirodirjan formed cash for work Working Group responsible for the financial management and implementation of cash for work activities. This task force recruites workers, formulated plan of activities, calculated budget, formulated activity proposal, purchased equipments, distributed labor wage payment, undertaken monitoring of activities implementation to the writing of accountability report. The respons of the community towards this program is quite good; they make the most out of the assistance from the government to rehabilitate some of the infrastructures damaged by the flood.
Based on the monitoring carried out by UPL, the implementation of activities went well, the rule of working six hours a day, starting from 07.00 to 13.00, was honored by workers. Dirty and smelly jobs did not discourage women participation; women’s participation was high. They occasionally without hesitation do the heavy lifting of sedimentation materials. An atmosphere like this brings back memories of the past when people were living in harmony, close relation, join hands to overcome problems. Truly there is a blessing in every event in our lives, such as the floods that hit Yogyakarta has made urban community recovered what was lost and forgotten, namely the sense of togetherness, of mutual help. We hope that this process could trigger further commitment to preserve the national values and wisdoms.
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Atmosphere in the urban village of Tegalpanggung and Suryatmajan
70 Two boys looking over to their village by the river bank
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Activity : Cleaning up and River Bank EnforcementLocation : Terban, YogyakartaFund : IDR 49,000,000Volume : 656 m2
Activity : Rehabilitation of Salak PlantationLocation : Girikerto, SlemanFund : IDR 195,000,000Volume : 104 ha
Activity : Clean Water Pipelines InstallationLocation : Wonokerto, SlemanFund : IDR 30,000,000Volume : 6,500 m2
Activity : Cleaning Up Irrigation NetworkLocation : Hargobinangun, Sleman Fund : IDR 66,230,000Volume : 11,000 m2
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Activity : Irrigation Canals RehabilitationLocation : Wonokerto, YogyakartaFund : IDR 178,500,000Volume : 28,200 m2
Activity : Cleaning Up Streets and Irrigation CanalsLocation : Cokrodiningratan, JetisFund : IDR 48,220,000Volume : 752 m2
Activity : Cleaning Up Streets and Irrigation CanalsLocation : Menayu, Muntilan, MagelangFund : Rp 178,500,000Volume : 28,200 m2
Activity : Code River Bank EnforcementLocation : Tegalpanggung, DanurejanFund : IDR 105,730,000Volume : 849 m2
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Rehabilitation of irrigation canals in Manayu Village
Cleaning up clean water source by Tirta Asri Working Group, Congkrang Village
Normalization of irrigation canals in Klaten
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Normalization of irrigation canals in Klaten
A high-spirited grandpa
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Street rehabilitation in Gumul Village
77Restoration of irrigation canals in Demak Ijo
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AN OVERVIEW
Padat Karya or Cash for Work activities are economic recovery activities for communities affected by Mount Merapi eruptions. It was undertaken during transitional phase from the emergency response phase to the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase. Cash for work activities were implemented in two phases, the first phase used the emergency response fund which was managed by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) and the second phase used pooled funds, grants from donors which was managed by the PNPM Support Facility (PSF) and implemented under PNPM Mandiri Urban and PNPM Mandiri Rural schemes.
The objectives of cash for work activities are:. To provide job opportunities and give the community members cash
in return so they can have purchasing power and start their economic activities.
. To rehabilitate damaged public infrastructure and facilities so villagerscan use them back in descent conditions.
The first phase of cash for work for economic recovery activities took place from December 13, 2010 to the end of December 2010. The total labor force absorbed was 18,294 people in 10 sub-districts, spread across four districts. The Cash for work activities funded by BNPB had absorbed IDR 8.7 billion fund out of IDR15 billion allocated as of the end of 2010. Due to the short implementation period, not all of the allocated fund can be absorbed. However, this experience has shown us that this program is an important contribution to the disaster affected communities. The communities have received financial assistance for daily living expenses and for a little bit of pocket money.
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The Fund for the second phase of cash for work activities came from PSF grant amounting to USD 4.33 million. Implementation of this cash for work followed the schemes of PNPM Mandiri Rural and PNPM Mandiri Urban with working areas of 235 villages / urban villages in four districts/regency and one municipality, namely the districts of Magelang, Boyolali, and Klaten, Central Java Province and Sleman district and the City of Yogyakarta in the Special Province of Yogyakarta.
Cash for Work implementation of PNPM Mandiri Urban scheme began in February and ended in July 2011. Meanwhile, the Rural Cash for Work started in July to December 2011. The second phase of cash for work activities had received fund from Direct Public Aid (BLM) of IDR 33,412,458,3300 with a total of 978,889 Man Days with total labor force of 203,9668. During the second phase of cash for work, activities were no longer just clean-up as already undertaken during the first stage of cash for work activities, but also include minor restoration of infrastructures such as roads and fields as well as normalization of irrigation canals/ditches.
Cash for Work activities has been a strategic move during the transition from emergency to recovery phase. This cash for work activities has enabled communities to earn some income from simple works. The program has helped the affected community to revive and recover from Merapi eruption schocks. The fund from PSF was expected to be disbursed in March or April but it was postponed due to a number of administrative constraints. Therefore, implementation of a new physical activity under PNPM Mandiri Rural can only be carried out from August. Fortunately, work in the field continues, for there were other PNPM regular activities to be conducted in cash for work format. PNPM Mandiri Urban has been carrying out cash for work activities since February to July.
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coordination meeting between TPKEM and PNPM Stakeholders
direct monitoring of fund disbursement process from
KPPN
bi-monthly and monthly reporting on physical progress and activity
process
coordination team of TPKEM with stakeholders
in regency/sub-district/village
direct monitoring of implementation process
] interview with workers, volunteers, facilitators
regarding their views on cash for work activities
direct monitoring of planning process
direct monitoring of payment process
oversight documentation in forms of best practices and
final report
Flow of Activities of Cash for Work via PNPM Mandiri
INITIATION OF PROGRAMMEProgramme finalisation andElaboration to facilitators
Programme Information Dissemination
Implementation of activities
Programmeand activities documentation
Monitoring and evaluation
REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
Hamlet or village meeting for finalisation of the activities and the target programme beneficiaries
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Alocation and Implementation of BLM Urban and Village Cash for Work
LABOR FORCEMAN DAYS
VILLAGE 786, 865
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
138, 641
170, 677 21, 653
URBAN
BLM RealisationBLM Allocation
VILLAGE 28,200,000,000
5,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
15,000,000,000
20,000,000,000
25,000,000,000
30,000,000,000
5,212,458,300
28,200,000,000 5,212,458,300
URBAN
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Comparison in fund usage
Magelang Regency
AdministrationMaterial/EquipmentWorker
1,846,014,900,88%
52,302,600,2%
201,682,500,10%
Klaten Regency
Wage 83%1,739,190
Equipment 3%55,161,000
Material 14% 305,649,000
Number of WorkersComparison based on Gender
Magelang Regency
Women4,39746%
Men5,21854%
Klaten Regency
Women 6,20424%
Men19,86076%
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The impact of Merapi eruption to its surrounding areas
Ministry of Energy and Mineral ResourcesGeological AgencyCentre for Volcanology and Geology Disaster Mitigation
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Magelang Regency, regency facilitator report December 2011
CASH FOR WORK SITES IN YOGYAKARTA CITY
1. Cakradiningratan: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase II)2. Gowongan: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase II)
1. Terban: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase II)2. Kotabaru: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase III)
Purwokinanti:- PNPM-MP- Cash for Work (Phase III)
Soroyudan:- PNPM-MP- Cash for Work (Phase III)
1. Tegalpanggung: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase II)2. Suryatmajan: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase II)
1. Ngupasan - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase III)2. Prawirodirjan - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase III)
1. Wirogunan: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase III) 2. Keparakan: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase III)3. Brontokusuman: - PNPM-MP - Cash for Work (Phase III)
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CASH FOR WORK SITES IN SLEMAN REGENCY
Girikerto:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase I)
Wonokerto:* PNPM-MP* Cash for Work (Phase I)
Merdikorejo:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase II)
Lumbungrejo:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase III)
Bangunkerto:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase III)
Sariharjo:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase II)
Caturtunggal:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase II)
Harjobinangun:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase III)
Sindumartani:* PNPM Support* ND* Cash for Work (Phase II)
Candibinangun:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase I)
Purwobinangun:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase I)
Hargobinangun:* PNPM Support* Cash for Work (Phase I)
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Many women took active roles in village development planning meetings and other activities. Similarly, women are known for their diligence, meticulousness and hard-work during the planning and implementation of cash for work. They pay close attention to details when working on an intricate work.
The role of women is clear as mothers and affectionate caregivers. Some also take up roles as family heads and breadwinners. Similarly, many women demonstrated capabilities as strong managers by taking bold initiatives in organization life.
Upon completion of this cash for work project, women’s basic and mutual assistance association can continue with more advanced activities such as handicrafts and creative industries. The groups can later work with more advanced creative skills. Sensitivity and persistency of women can contribute to a lot of suitable activities.
ROLE OF WOMEN
Women working in a Cash for Work activity in Boyolali Regency
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Tough and tenacious women
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Even though the focus of the cash for work activity was for family economic recovery through the creation of simple jobs for affected villagers in productive age group, but we must realize that family’s welfare can only be achieved if all family members are healthy and happy, living a harmonious and prosperous life.
Through collaboration with other programs and partner organizations, an effort to improve the welfare of “children under five (balita)”, children, and teenagers was developed to establish complete prosperous families which can contribute to development of complete prosperous communities. This synergy between the core program and the partnership activities was very important in order to achieve optimum results.
These kinds of activities should be continued even after the completion of cash for work project. Healthy and harmonious family and adequate income must be achieved as the basis of fully prosperous family and community in all level of society.
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Aside from children under five, teenagers also needs attention and guidance. Teenage year is the most critical period. The executive committee of cash for work program needs to pay attention to a parallel program or partnership that could help in achieving a fully prosperous family.
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Communication and coordination between Central and Local Governments
93The Sultan of Jogja
Local arts and culture are not overlooked
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Batik and handicraft making as one source of income
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Various institutions and social foundations provided assistance to disaster affected people. University of Gajah Mada assisted in the reconstruction of village market and training centers to teach and train people on batik, bags and other handicraft making skills, coupled with skills of marketing the products to stores interested in buying the products. In the future, the people are expected to be self reliant in creating and marketing their handicraft products.
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Some people sell their handicrafts at the village market; some other deliver them to partner stores who agreed to support the scheme. There were some who sell their products by simply displaying them on mats under an umbrella at the site where many guests came to see areas affected by Merapi disaster. Some younger people work to dig sand or crush stone, spewed by Merapi, into rivers.
Aside of works that already exist prior to the eruption, today’s booming jobs that absorb labor force are sand mining and stone breaking. These activities are growing because of the amount of material spewed by the eruption of Merapi. Besides bringing catastrophic disaster, Merapi also bring family income with its thousands of tons of free volcanic materials.
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Many of the younger workers are interested in doing these jobs due to the attractive wages, although they have to sweat of their brows in the sun and using all their muscle strength.
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Sand and stone mining require a more careful plan and control
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Another growing work opportunity was motorcycle taxi driver. This means of transport is very much needed by rural residents. To earn a living, some people collect animal feed from grasslands and sell it to cattle breeder whose farm were damaged by volcanic ashes.
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Some villagers have some dairy cows at home. They sell dairy related products to the local market. Some mothers cook and prepare traditional snacks and sell them to market or other customers. The previous parking lot in nearby tourism site was damaged by hot clouds, but several parking attendants and small food vendors are now back in business.
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CLOSING EVENTcash for work program
community economic recovery post Merapi eruption
PNPM Mandiri
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During this gathering, representatives of relevant central, provincial, local institutions conveyed their views, impressions, and suggestions as well as recommendations for improvement if such activities will continue in the future. Presented in this occasion is a draft book of memories and notes on cash for work for community economic recovery activity post Merapi disaster. The draft book is to be completed and printed soon.
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Some important issues that need further attention are the threat of cold lava flood which can bring serious disaster. Although Merapi has calmed down, but that does not mean that the problem was over.
Millions of cubic meters of mud, volcanic ashes, and boulders piled up on the top and the slopes of Merapi, which can be flushed down during heavy rains. This cold lava flood could sweep away settlements along riverbanks.
Various agencies should be prepared with this potential disaster. Human resources, equipments, funds, and standard procedures should be prepared for evacuation at any given moment.
In a disaster situation, allocation and disbursement of funds should get moving and fully functioning to overcome emergencies. Disaster management procedures should be able to handle such situation.
Coordination and cooperation among central and regional institutions, implementation team, consultants, and the community should run smoothly, without any obstacle due to hesitations or routine management scheme.
In an emergency situation speed and accuracy required, while preventing any corruption and inefficient used of funds. Participation, transparency, and accountability are keys.
Aid mechanisms, in accordance with Rural PNPM scheme was implemented in a participatory manner where community members were involved in its planning. But, in some villages there were lack of people’s participation due to the lack of information dissemination by TPKD (Village Activity Implementation Team) to the community on the existence of this program.
Transparency and accountability of the use and disbursement of BLM fund was quiet good, because there is no cut to the amount received
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by the public from KPPN. Contrary to the assistance such as BLT or other assistance that has been around for a while, one of the reasons was monitoring and the control were directly undertaken by all teams at both central and district levels.
Although disbursements (of man-day/HOK payments) was delayed from the planned schedule, but the BLM payments before and after the Eid was in a good moment which benefitted the public. For those who have received the wage before Eid could use the money to celebrate the festivity, and for those who have not received until after Eid could also use it for daily necessities. Although the amount of money received from BLM was small but it was meaningful for the citizens, especially for poor families because they cannot rely on their income from farm and livestock compared to before the Merapi eruption, so they wish for the cash for work to continue.
A detailed reference to show the clear PTO flow up to disbursement mechanism is needed to make it easier for the field implementation.
The community members wish for a follow-up of the cash for work, for additional income and less economic burden. For the implementation the participants are supposed to be selected, especially for villages that do not fit in as the affected areas but as rural areas included in the disaster area scheme due to its location in the disaster affected sub-district.
Monitoring team (such as TPKEM) roles need to be added because the team played the role of supervisor, advocator, information source as well as facilitator of field activities during activities implementation.
Aside of the physical cash for work activities such as cleaning of debris, rearranging the location and restoring the infrastructure and facilities, we need to consider the more extensive and sustainable types of activities such as services and creative industries.
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Those types of activities, while the process is somewhat more complicated, but can be more sustainable, less dependent on government projects, and easier for women and for the elderly to join. Implementation can be a joint cooperation with other parties.
There were implementation of activities of other agencies such as by local government offices for Social Services, Manpower and Transmigration, Agriculture and others which applied different rules in some urban villages during the implementation of cash for work activities which has raised questions in the community.
Some participants think that a number of activities were more appropriate to be implemented through Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. Community members should undertake evaluation and have firm agreement on the various activities and priorities. The delay in disbursement of funds made people frustrated. Funds came when the most critical moment has passed. While the disbursement of funds in three terms made the implementation of activities in the field broken up.
The first experience of cash for work in post-disaster was invaluable. Careful evaluation accompanied by further efforts to improve the program is required.
109
Courtesy visit and discussion with Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X
111
STEPPING FORWARD
112 Merapi began to calm down
113
Merapi began to calm down. Natural recovery process is taking place. Grass is growing and trees are starting to sprout. Monkeys and other animals are also trying to recover their life. So are the people with various activities.
114
115
Traditional communities have often suffered from the catastrophic volcanic eruption for ages. They have learned from the experience and build up local knowledge that are aware of the risks of disasters, they are prepared for disasters, as well as understanding the long-term benefits of a volcanic eruption. They wisely avoid disaster-prone locations and understand the natural sign before a disaster occurs.
But a lot of local knowledge and wisdom have been forgotten. People are now more interested in convenience and short-term profits Environmentally friendly tradition and wisdom should be remembered and reintroduced through public education system and other ways. Preparedness for disasters, preparedness for quick and accurate steps, as well as prepared institutions and established procedure needed to be developed as well. Merapi eruption in 2011 and the steps we took to respond has brought many lessons that we could keep and continue to develop so that when we face any potential disasters in the future, we will not be surprised and hesitate, because one wrong or late step to react would cost us a major disaster.
Lessons learnt from past disasters provided us with the wisdom and benefit in building the future. Let us not be so quick to forget the expensive lesson that had cost us lives and tears.
116
117An image taken after the disaster
118 We continue our journey towards a brighter tomorrow.
119For a peaceful and prosperous tomorrow
120
PHOTO CONTRIBUTORS:
Catrini P Kubontubuh: 8; 19b; 20c; 32b; 99a-b; 101a-b; 119
Ikaputra: 25
Laretna Adishakti:18; 19a; 21b; 31a-e; 32a; 93a; 95a-c; 96a-f; 97a-d; 109b-c; 112; 113a-c; 114
Renee Picasso Manoppo: 4-5; 14; 15; 23a-b; 24a; 30a-e
Retno Agustin: 88a-b; 83a-d
Sahl Wahono: 24b-c; 26b; 45a; 81a-b; 82a-b; 89a-f; 90a-d; 91a-f; 92a-I; 94a-c; 109a
Secretariat of TPKEM, Field Team, UPK, TPK, PL :21a; 26a; 26c; 39a-d; 40a-d; 41a-b; 42a-b; 43a-b; 44a-b; 45b; 46a-d; 48a-c; 49a-c; 50a; 51a; 52a-b; 53a-b; 54a-c; 55a-c; 56a-c; 57a; 61c; 62a-b; 63a; 64a-b; 65a; 66a; 67a-b; 68a; 71a-d; 72a-d; 73a-d; 74a-c; 75a-b; 76a-b; 77a; 78a; 85a; 86a; 87a; 88c-d; 101c Suhadi Hadiwinoto: 20b; 27a-e; 28a-e; 29a-e; 33a-d; 35a-c; 38a-b; 58a-e; 59a-d; 60a-f; 69a-b; 70a; 98a-b; 100a-b; 104a-l; 105a-c; 115a; 117
Sujana Royat61a-b; 118
Slamet Riyadi:Cover; 23c
Source from Kompas (Ferganata Indra): 20aTNGM: 116ESDM: 84
121
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THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
