Learning Objectives:•To compare the reliance on the buffalo with the importance of horses

What were the key features of the lives and culture of the Plains Indians?

Starter:How many words can you make from ‘buffalo’ and ‘horses’?

The Buffalo Hunt by John Mix Stanley, 1855;

Explain why the Sioux were so dependant on the Buffalo

Describe one Sioux method for hunting Buffalo

List 5 uses the Sioux had for the Buffalo

Recap… Revise… Refresh…Recap… Revise… Refresh…

BRAIN

Tanning (mashing it up and spreading it on the hide to make it waterproof).

SKULL

Tool for de-hairing rope, used in religious ceremonies.

HORNS

Cups, spoons, ladles, headress ornaments, toys, arrow straighteners.

TONGUE

Hairbrush, food.

TAIL

Fly swats, ornaments.

DUNG

Fuel (known as buffalo chips).

MUSCLE SINEWS

Bowstrings and thread.

HOOVES

Glue, tools, rattles.

STOMACH

Cooking vessel, buckets.

RAWHIDE

Belts, shields, all types of bags and containers, horse harness and travois lashing, ropes, string.

TANNED HIDE

Tepee covers, robes, moccasins, leggins, clothes, saddle blankets, bags, dolls.

HAIR

Rope, decoration on clothing, stuffing for saddles and pillows.

BONES

Knives, tools, arrow heads, saddle frames, needles, slege runners, dice.

FLESH

Meat eaten raw (usually the tongue and liver, or cooked, or dried and eaten during the winter when hunting was harder).

FAT

Soap, cooking.

FUR

Winter robes, sleeping blankets, clothing.

What is missing?

How did the Plains Indians hunt the

buffalo?

Writing task• A white American, Francis Parkman, spent

some time living with the Ogala Sioux in the 1840s. When he returned he wrote a book, The Oregon Trail. In it he said,

‘When the buffalo are extinct, the Indian too must dwindle away.’

• Do you agree with him? Explain your answer.Discuss two or more points of view

Include evidence or examples from your previous learning

Explain your answer with your opinion

How did the Plains Indians get horses?How did the Plains Indians use horses?

How important were horses?Date Tribe Tipis Indians Horses

1860 Blackfoot 300 2400 2400

1869 Comanche 300 2538 7614

1871 Crow 460 4000 9500

1871 Oglala and Brule Sioux 600 5000 2000

1871 Pawnee 260 2364 1050

1878 Hunkpapa/Miniconjou Sioux

360 2900 3500

1. Which tribe was the largest?2. Which tribe had the most sources?3. For each tribe, work out the ratio of horses to Indians.4. Which tribe was the richest?

How important were horses to the Plains Indians?

How do you feel about your learning today?

Learning Outcomes:

Can you explain several reasons why the buffalo and horses were important to the Plains Indians?

Learning Outcomes:

Can you explain several reasons why the buffalo and horses were important to the Plains Indians?

What went well today?What would you like to do better next lesson?