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“HOW THE WEST WAS WON”Plains Indians
PLAINS INDIANSPlains stretched from Central Canada to Southern Texas
Native Tribes relied on horses and buffalo to survive
1850 around 75,000 Native Americans lived on the Plains
Treaty of Fort Laramie: first major treaty between U.S.
government and the Plains Indians• Allowed tribes to keep land• U.S. could travel, build forts and roads through Indian land• U.S. would pay for any damages• Lasted about 7 years, or until gold was discovered in Colorado
CONFLICT
Reservations did not offer proper buffalo hunts
Miners and pioneers demanded protection from US
Army while travelling through Indian territory
Many different tribes went to war with U.S. • Sioux – Dakota’s and Wyoming• Comanche – Texas and Oklahoma• Cheyenne – Montana• Utes – Utah and Colorado
THE GHOST DANCE
Religious movement that predicted the fall of the white
empire and a Native American paradise
Led by a Paiute Indian named Wovoka
Caused cultural misunderstanding between Indians and
whites
N.A. wore brightly colored shirts with images of eagles
and buffaloes. These "Ghost Shirts" they believed would
protect them from the bluecoats' bullets.
BAT TLE OF THE LIT TLE BIGHORN
-George Custer discovered gold in Black hills of South Dakota
-Sioux leaders including Sitting Bull refused to give up land
-June 25, 1876 Custer lead 264 troops to attack Sioux camp- Entire command killed, including Custer- Worst Army defeat in West- Last major Sioux victory
MASSACRE AT WOUNDED KNEE
December 29, 1890
Sioux nation was all but defeated• Forced to live on reservations, no buffalo, lifestyle completely
altered
Sioux, led by Chief Big Foot headed to Pine Ridge
Reservation for winter camp, intercepted by Army
Early in morning during a powwow a shot was fired, in the
ensuing chaos the massacre was on
300+ Sioux dead including Big Foot only 25 soldiers
WARS END
Battles raged in all parts of the west• Navajo fought in Southwest – Arizona and New Mexico
• Long Walk – 300 mile march of Navajo captives through desert to a reservation in New Mexico
• Nez Perce in Oregon before removed to Oklahoma
Ended in late 1880’s with Geronimo surrendering and ending
Apache resistance