What is Responsibility?Read two books:

F is for Freedom by Roni Schotter andThe Breadwinner by Deborah Ellis

Compare, Contrast, Discuss, Learn More

The BreadwinnerBy Deborah Ellis

• Read the book by Deborah Ellis:

The Breadwinner

• What did you learn about Paravana’s family?

Silk Road“Crossroads of Asia”

• Located along the Silk Road, Afghanistan has been the “crossroads of Asia” since ancient times and has always been subject to invasion. Emperors and conquerors throughout history have attempted to control Afghanistan.

Paravana’s Kabul• This is a photo of a

mosque in Kabul. Blue is a sacred color in Afghanistan.

• What does this photo tell you about the countryside around Kabul?

Afghan Food

• This is nan, the type of bread mentioned in the book:

The Breadwinner.

• It is the type of bread eaten by Paravana’s family.

The tea boy was a girl from her class!

• Parvana and Shauzia had to disguise themselves as boys to earn money for food for their families.

• They could not work or attend school as girls.

Beards?The girls could pose as boys,

but not men later on.

Handmade Carpet

• Children in Afghanistan help their families make carpets to sell.

Kabul MosqueBomb explodes at Afghanistan mosque

• Fri May 4 18:11:08 2001 KABUL - A powerful bomb exploded outside a mosque in western Afghanistan.

• At least eight people were killed.

• Riots broke out after the deadly bombing.

Written by CBC News:

http://cbc.ca/cgi-bin/view?/news/2001/05/04/afghan_pmc_010504

Mosque Lamp

• Paravana and Shauzia’s families could not afford kerosene, so the nights were dark and long.

1992, 1996• Under the Taliban women were

denied education, could not work unless the position was health related, and were not permitted to leave their homes unless accompanied by a male relative.

• The Taliban forced women to wear a traditional veil, or burqa, that covered their entire bodies. Those who were caught only partially uncovered were subject to harsh beatings.

• But they began to lose their rights first under the mujahideen who took over Kabul in 1992, and then under the Taliban who took control in 1996.

• I used to work in the Academy of Sociology in Kabul and had a part-time job in Afghan radio and television.

• I also used to write for newspapers and magazines, but now I am unemployed.

• During the Taliban regime, I was confined at home. As women, we were all very depressed and miserable and I used to think about my life and hopes for the future and I saw nothing at all, nothing to look forward to.

By Afghan journalist Marzia Adil in Kabul

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1704000/1704082.stm

Taliban Took Control in 1996

Praying for help

• I always used to cry when I went to sleep at night and prayed for God to help us.

• The Taliban took control of Kabul in 1996. I have two younger sisters who used to be students before the Taliban arrived. They longed to go to college and were upset that they

could not.

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1704000/1704082.stm

Bomb under Taliban Leader’s Car in Kabul

• By Kabul correspondent Kate Clark Afghanistan's ruling Taliban have launched an investigation into a car bomb which exploded outside one of the busiest mosques in the capital, Kabul, at the end of Friday prayers.

• The device had been planted under a land cruiser belonging to one of the most senior members of the Taliban movement, Amir Khan Muttaqi.

Source: http://newswww.bbc.net.uk/low/english/world/south_asia/newsid_517000/517346.stm

A Journalist Tries to Help

• Eve and her RAWA escort, Uma (under the burqa), in the Afghan desert.

Source: http://marieclaire.women.com/mc/articles/51rawa61.htm

USA Becomes InvolvedBy Peter Graff

• BAGRAM AIR BASE, Afghanistan (Reuters) - The U.S. army's 10th Mountain Division heard warm words of thanks in Afghanistan Sunday from Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, the first senior U.S. official to visit the war.

Source: http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/dec2001-daily/17-12-2001/main/main11.htm

Women in Afghanistan Regaining Rights

• UN spokesperson Eric Falt said the Northern Alliance foreign minister told him he welcomes women employees.

• He said there……. “would be no restrictions on women and they would not have to wear burqas. Headscarves would be enough," said Falt.

Source: http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2001/nov/23/wnw_2-1.htm

Donald Rumsfeld

The Americans are offering a $25-million reward for information leading to the capture of bin Laden and al-Qaeda leaders. U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld says he hopes the money will encourage "a large number of people to begin crawling through those tunnels and caves, looking for the bad folks."

Source: http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/11/20/ret.us.binladen/

New Government Planned• The new transitional

government of Afghanistan is especially groundbreaking for the country's women, two of whom have been elected to the de facto cabinet. Sima Samar, a doctor who runs health centres for Afghan refugees in Pakistan was elected minister for women's affairs - she will also be a vice-chair in the new government lead by Hamid

Karzai.

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1694000/1694257.stm

Afghanistan for Kids Web Site• You can look at

photos of children visiting Afghanistan. Try the links! This family visited the caves in Afghanistan. You will learn interesting things.

Site: http://www.public.asu.edu/~apnilsen/afghanistan4kids/index2.html

Counting in Afghanistan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Site: http://www.public.asu.edu/~apnilsen/afghanistan4kids/index2.html

F is for Freedom

• Read the story: F is for Freedom

• Be thinking: How do you compare and contrast F is for Freedom with The Breadwinner?

Take a Virtual Trip on the Underground Railroad

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/j1.html

Underground RailroadMaryland Creek to Delaware

Every step seems louder. Twigs snap, leaves crackle. But you walk on, till you see a group of friendly faces. You join them shyly and meet “General Tubman” herself. She tells you how to sneak across the bridge over the Choptank River and where to find friends in a place called Delaware.

Express train

This refers to the mode of transportation. Although thousands of runaways rode the "Freedom Unlimited" or the "Midnight Express" into Detroit, there weren't actually any trains.

Abolitionist Symbol of 1787

Restraints Used on Slaves• What happened to

slaves and slave families who ran away from slave owners?

• Why did slaves have to go to Canada?

• Why were people punished for helping people along the Underground Railroad?

Stock"Hold on to your stock" were

words of encouragement, telling abolitionists to keep the faith, to hold onto their hope.

• Travelers on the Underground Railroad often spoke in code, and the slave was expected to give the exact answers in order to pass:

• Q: Have you ever been on the railroad?

• A: I have been a short distance.

• Q: Where did you start from? • A: The depot. • Q: Where did you stop? • A: At a place called safety.

Foster Farmhouse Depot

• This was a stop on the railroad. Michigan is believed to have been home to more than 200 depots on the Underground Railroad. The stops were churches and fields and abolitionists' homes - any place that was safe to hide.

Highlights of the Struggle: The Underground Railroad

Human merchandise • This refers to runaway

slaves. The exact number of slaves who escaped on the Underground Railroad is unclear; estimates vary from 40,000 to 100,000. Between 20,000 and 30,000 are believed to have traveled through Michigan.

The other side

• This referred to Canada, where runaway slaves were free. The U.S. Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793, 1831, and 1850, which authorized the return of runaways and provided stiff fines for anyone who aided a fleeing slave, meant no slave was safe in the United States.

Stockholders

These were men and women, black and white, of several faiths, including Quakers, Catholics, Protestants, and Jews, who believed in freedom for all.

DeBaptiste

In Michigan, notable stockholders included:

• George DeBaptiste, a black businessman and member of Second Baptist Church in Detroit who bought a ship, the T. Whitney, to take runaways across the Detroit River.

How are the two stories alike?

• Both girls were denied education.

• Both girls had to play indoors if not in disguise.

• Food and supplies were difficult to obtain.

• They had to rely on the help of others.

How are the two stories different?

• What is different about the two families?

• What is different about the two locations?

• What is different about how they obtain food and supplies?