What do you think of when you hear "The Roaring Twenties"

● UNDERSTAND REASONS FOR THE RED

SCARE

● EXPLAIN THE RADICAL BOMBING AND

PALMER RAIDS

● ANALYZE THE IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS

● DESCRIBE CONFLICTS BETWEEN LABOR

AND MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVES

● FORMED AFTER THE REVOLUTIONISTS IN RUSSIA OVERTHREW

THE CZAR

o AMERICAN SAW THE INCREASE IN RADICAL POLITICAL

GROUPS IN U.S

o INCREASED FEAR OF THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM IN

AMERICA

● AMERICA RESPONDS TO STRESSFUL CONDITIONS BY FEARING

OUTSIDERS

o LED THE WAVE OF NATIVISM: PREJUDICE AGAINST FOREIGN-

BORN PEOPLE & ISOLATIONISM: PULLING AWAY FROM

WORLDLY AFFAIRS

WHAT IS COMMUNISM?

RED SCARE

● ONE PARTY ECONOMIC/POLITICAL GOV’T SYSTEM

o CONTROL OVER PROPERTY AND BUSINESS

o RUN BY WORKING CLASS

● INTENTIONS: FORM PERFECT SOCIETY = NO MONEY, VIOLENCE,

OR WAR

● SOCIAL EQUALITY = NO SOCIAL HIERARCHY

● ONLY WORK IN HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES

o TO IMPLEMENT COMMUNISM IS VIA VIOLENT REVOLUTION.

● GOAL: TO ELIMINATE CAPITALISM IN THE WORLD

WHY THE FEAR FROM AMERICANS?

COMMUNISM

● COMMUNIST AND OTHER RADICAL PARTIES FORMING IN U.S.

● SAW THE VIOLENT REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA

● POSSIBLE REVOLUTION CAN HAPPEN ON U.S. SOIL

● ELIMINATES THE BI-PARTY SYSTEM

o DICTATOR RATHER THAN VOTED REPRESENTATIVE.

● GOV’T CONTROL OVER PROPERTY/BUSINESS → XING PRIVATE

BUSINESSES

o NO SOCIAL/ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

AMERICAN FEAR

● TARGETED POLITICAL/FAMOUS

FIGURES OF MAJOR CITIES W/ STRIKES

● ITALIAN RADICAL SETS OFF BOMB AT

GENERAL ATTORNEY Mitchell

PALMER’S HOME.

● WALL STREET BOMBING GAINED THE

MOST MEDIA ATTENTION

o REPORTED 33 DEAD AND 200

WOUNDED

RADICAL BOMBINGS

● LED BY PALMER AND J EDGAR HOOVER

● PALMER BLAMED BOMBINGS ON RADICALS

● SEEKED OUT COMMUNISTS, SOCIALISTS, AND ANARCHISTS

● INVADED PRIVATE HOMES, OFFICES, MEETING HALLS, ETC.

● ARRESTED, JAILED AND DEPORTED MANY FOREIGN RADICALS

WITHOUT TRIALS.

● BUT FAILED TO PROVE ANY REVOLUTIONARY CONSPIRACY

● LOST PUBLIC BACKING

PALMER RAIDS

SACCO AND VANZETTI

● SET UP A QUOTA SYSTEM: MAX NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM

EACH COUNTRY

● LIMITED EUROPEANS TO 2% OF NATIONAL POP. OF THAT IN 1890

● DISCRIMINATED AGAINST EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPEANS.

● RESTRICTED ALL ASIAN IMMIGRATION.

● DID NOT APPLY TO THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

● GOAL: TO DRASTICALLY CUT EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION TO U.S

Why was the increase in Immigration negative?

EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT 1921

● ESTIMATED 5 MILLION MEMBERS, MEN AND WOMEN

● DEVOTED TO 100% AMERICANIZING THE COUNTRY

● PURPOSE WAS TO:

o KEEP MINORITIES IN THEIR PLACE

o DESTROYING SALOONS

o OPPOSING UNIONS

o DRIVING FOREIGN BORNS OUT OF THE COUNTRY

● LOST THEIR APPEAL B/C OF CRIMINAL ACTS

REVIVAL OF THE KKK

● GOV’T WOULDN’T ALLOW STRIKING

DURING WAR PERIOD

● AFTER WAR, AMERICA SAW MORE

THAN 3,000 STRIKES

o 4 MILLION PEOPLE

● DUE TO EMPLOYERS REFUSAL TO

INCREASE PAY, AND FORBIDDING

UNIONS

● EMPLOYERS PERSUADED PEOPLE

THAT STRIKES WAS COMMUNISM IN

ACTION

LABOR TENSION

● POLICE COMMISSIONER REFUSED UNION

RECOGNITION

● LED TO STRIKE OF 1,117 OUT OF 1,544

OFFICERS

● STRIKES BECAME VIOLENT, BROKE OUT INTO

RIOTS AND LOOTING

● GOVERNOR COOLIDGE CALLED IN STATE

GUARD

“There is no right to strike against the public

safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime”

● PARTICIPATING OFFICERS WERE FIRED

BOSTON POLICE STRIKE

● MEMBERSHIP DECLINED OVER THE DECADE

● REASONS FOR ITS DECLINE

o IMMIGRANTS WILLING TO WORK IN POOR CONDITIONS

o DIFFICULTY IN FORMATION DUE TO VARIETY OF LANGUAGES

o MIGRANTS FROM THE SOUTH RELIED ON THEMSELVES NOT

UNIONS

o MOST UNIONS EXCLUDED AFRICAN AMERICANS

DECLINE OF UNION’S

● PRESIDENT HARDING INVITED MAJOR POWERS TO WASHINGTON

NAVAL CONFERENCE.

o SECRETARY OF STATE CHARLES EVANS HUGHES PUSHED THE

IDEA FOR NO WARSHIPS TO BE BUILT FOR 10 YEARS

o BRITAIN FRANCE U.S. JAPAN AND ITALY WERE TO SCRAP

MOST OF THEIR BATTLESHIPS, CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFTS.

o AGREED AND SIGNED THE KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT

RENOUNCED WAR AS NATIONAL POLICY

NO WAY TO ENFORCE IT

HARDING PRESIDENCY

● FRANCE AND BRITAIN OWED $10 BILLION TO U.S.

● THE FORDNEY-MCCUMBER TARIFF PREVENTED THEM FROM

DOING SO

o RAISED TAXES ON SOME U.S. IMPORTS TO 60%

● BRITAIN AND FRANCE LOOKED TOWARDS GERMANY BUT UNABLE

TO PAY

o U.S GAVE GERMANY $2.5 BILLION TO PAY BACK BRITAIN AND

FRANCE

B&F PAID BACK U.S WITH ITS OWN MONEY

● SOLUTION CAUSED RESENTMENT TOWARDS U.S.

REPARATIONS

● PRESIDENTS FRIENDS WHO HARDING APPOINTED TO HIS

CABINET

o FRIENDS WERE CORRUPT, USED THEIR OFFICES TO BECOME

WEALTHY

● BIGGEST SCANDAL WAS TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL

o OIL-RICH PUBLIC LAND AT TEAPOT DOME WYOMING FOR U.S

NAVY

o SECRETARY OF INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL TRANSFERRED OIL

RESERVES FROM NAVY TO INTERIOR DEPARTMENT

SECRETLY LEASED LAND TO TWO PRIVATE OIL

COMPANIES

o RECEIVED MORE THAN $400,000 IN LOANS BONDS AND

CASH.

OHIO GANG

WHAT TECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS IMPACT YOUR LIFE AND SOCIETY TODAY?

● AUTOMOBILE CHANGED THE LANDSCAPE AND LIFESTYLE OF

AMERICANS DRASTICALLY

● CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS FROM DIRT TO PAVEMENT MADE

TRAVELING EASY IN ALL WEATHER

● AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING GREW INTO ONE OF THE

NATION’S LARGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES.

● ROUTE 66 CONNECTED CHICAGO TO L.A.

o AS TRAVELERS CROSSED THE COUNTRY, MANY UPROOTED IN

TOWNS ALONG THE WAY

IMPACT OF THE AUTOMOBILE

● NEW ARCHITECTURE STARTED TO BE

BUILT

o HOMES STARTED TO BE

CONSTRUCTED WITH GARAGES

AND DRIVEWAYS.

o GAS STATIONS WERE POPPING UP

ALL OVER AMERICA

o THE FIRST CLOVERLEAF

INTERSECTION WAS BUILT IN

WOODBRIDGE NJ

o HOLLAND TUNNEL WAS

CONSTRUCTED TO CONNECT NYC

TO JERSEY CITY

AUTOMOBILES

● ALLOWED OPPORTUNITIES FOR

FAMILIES TO TRAVEL

● THE URBAN SPRAWL IMPACTED THE

CITIES

● INDEPENDENCE FOR WOMEN

● YOUTH OF AMERICA FOREVER

CHANGED

o ADULT CHAPERONES DWINDLED

o TOOK TO ROAD FOR PRIVATE TIME

o JOY-RIDING BECAME POPULAR

LIFESTYLE CHANGED

● REPRESENTED NEW FREEDOMS

● TO OTHERS REPRESENTED CRUMBLING MORAL STANDARDS

o ERODING AMERICAN FAMILIES

o MORALLY CORRUPTING THE YOUTH

● CITIES BEGAN TO HAVE AN ECONOMICAL BASE DUE TO AUTO

INDUSTRIES

o IMPACTED OTHER INDUSTRIES AS WELL.

LIFE-STYLE CONT.

● FIRST BEGAN AS MAIL CARRIERS FOR THE

U.S.P.S

● BECAUSE OF WWI AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPED RAPIDLY

● MEANT FOR PEACETIME MEANS OF

TRANSPORTATION

● TRANSATLANTIC FLIGHTS OF CHARLES

LINDBERGH PROMOTED THE CARGO AND

COMMERCIAL AIRLINES.

● PAN AMERICA AIRLINES WAS THE FIRST

TRANSATLANTIC PASSENGER FLIGHT

AIRPLANES

● USE OF ELECTRICITY ALLOWED

FACTORIES TO RELY MORE ON

MACHINERY

● ELECTRICITY SPREAD OVER LONGER

DISTANCES WITH ALTERNATING

ELECTRICAL CURRENT

● NUMBER OF ELECTRIFIED HOMES GREW

● ELECTRIFIED APPLIANCES IN HOMES

MADE LIVES EASIER.

ELECTRICITY

● ADVERTISING AGENCIES LOOKED TO PSYCHOLOGISTS TO LEARN

WHAT APPEALS TO PEOPLE’S DESIRES

● SPECIFICALLY TARGETED WOMEN

o ADVERTISED IN WOMENS MAGAZINES

o PRODUCT WILL MAKE THEM A GOOD WIFE/MOTHER

o PRODUCT WILL LESSEN WORKLOAD

● APPEAL TO BOTH MODERN LIFESTYLE AND ANTI-MODERN

LIFESTYLE.

ADVERTISEMENT

● Businesses expanded due to productivity and company mergers

● Rise in Chain stores

● national banks branched out within cities near their main office

● Income gap spread further away.

● farms nationwide suffered loses

o overproduction of goods caused prices to drop

SUPERFICIAL PROSPERITY

● People started to buy on credit

● Industries put into installment plans

o lured average to low wage earners to buy more goods

● Banks provided money on low interest rates.

● Some economists and business owners saw this as sign of

“central weakness of a superficial economic prosperity”

Superficial Prosperity Cont.