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Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks. Life magazine cover (1926), John Held, Jr.
The Roaring Twenties1919–1929
•Government supports business
•Hands-off policy in other matters
The Business of America1
SECTION
Harding and the “Return to Normalcy”
The Business of America
• President Warren G. Harding promises to return U.S. to
“normalcy”
• Pro-business cabinet includes Andrew W. Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury
1SECTION
• President Harding appoints unqualified, corrupt men, cabinet positions (Ohio Gang)
• In the Teapot Dome Scandal Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall:
- takes bribes- makes illegal deals with oil executives
• Harding depressed about scandals, diessuddenly (1923)
continued Harding and the “Return to Normalcy”
The Business of America1
SECTION
Coolidge Takes Over
• Vice-President Calvin Coolidge
1SECTION
• Tries to clean up scandals, elected president in his own right (1924)
• Laissez faire—business unregulated by government benefits the nation
• Under “laissez faire”, U.S. business prospers
• Refuses to help farmers; doesn’t believe in government help for individuals
The Business of America
• President Coolidge is an isolationist:- U.S. stays out of other nations’ affairs
except for self-defense
1SECTION
• Helps set up the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928):- 15 nations agree not to make war on each
other, only self-defense
continued Coolidge Takes Over
The Business of America
Technology Changes American Life
• Average annual income per person rises 35 %
1SECTION
• Americans have more money to buy goods,spend on leisure
• Using assembly lines, Henry Ford makes cars most people can afford
• Assembly line—product moves along conveyor belt across the factory
The Business of America
1SECTION
• Installment buying—repay borrowed amount in small monthly payments
• National advertising begins, promotes new products
• Cheap fuel powers new inventions that make life easier
continued Technology Changes American Life
The Business of America
The Air Age Begins
• Former WW I pilots work as:- crop-dusters, stunt fliers, flight instructors
1SECTION
• U.S. Post Office Department begins air mail service (1918)
• Charles A. Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart fly across the Atlantic
• Pan American Airways becomes first U.S. passenger airline (1927)
The Business of America
1920s bring new attitudes and lifestyles but also cause divisions and conflict.
Section 2
Changes in Society
Youth in the Roaring Twenties
Changes in Society
• 1920s celebrates youth, young people rebel against tradition and authority
2SECTION
• Young people stay in school longer, wear daring clothes, follow silly fads
• Dance marathons are popular and Charleston is a favorite dance
New Roles for Women
• The symbol of 1920s American women is the flapper
2SECTION
• 19th Amendment assures women have the right to vote
Changes in Society
Prohibition and Lawlessness
• 18th Amendment—Prohibition—bans making, selling alcohol (1920)
2SECTION
• Speakeasies sell alcohol, bootleggers transport, sell liquor illegally
• Organized crime gangs battle for control of bootlegging operations
• Crime boss Al Capone seizes control of 10,000 speakeasies in Chicago
• Prohibition fails, 21st Amendment repealed Prohibition (1933)
Changes in Society
Changes for African Americans
• In 1920s, many African Americans move North, get better jobs
2SECTION
• Gain some economic, political power
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
• Marcus Garvey calls blacks to return to Africa and form separate nation
Changes in Society
A Divided Society
2SECTION
• Fundamentalism—believe in literal interpretation of the Bible
• John Scopes breaks evolution ban, found guilty, decision reversed
• Ku Klux Klan gains strength, tries toinfluence politics
Changes in Society
Popular culture was influenced by mass media, sports, and the contribution of African-Americans.
Section 3
The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance
More Leisure Time for Americans
The Jazz Age and theHarlem Renaissance
• Laborsaving appliances, shorter work hours increase leisure time
3SECTION
• People get higher wages, spend more on leisure activities:
- go to movies, reading, listening to radio, talking on phones
Mass Media and Popular Culture
• Mass media—communication to large audience—takes hold in 1920s
3SECTION
• People flock to movies to see favorite actors and actresses such as Charlie Chaplin
• Films silent, most of 1920s, 1st talking movie The Jazz Singer (1927)
The Jazz Age and theHarlem Renaissance
A Search for Heroes
• Sporting events of all types enjoy rising attendance
3SECTION
• Sports figures give people hope for better life, heroes such as:- Babe Ruth, baseball player- Bobby Jones, golfer- Gertrude Ederle, swimmer- Jack Dempsey, boxer
The Jazz Age and theHarlem Renaissance
The Lost Generation
• Lost Generation—artists, writers resent WW I, see little hope for future
3SECTION
• Become expatriates—people who live in a country other than their own
Ernest HemingwayF. Scott FitzgeraldSinclair Lewis
The Jazz Age and theHarlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance
3SECTION
• Harlem Renaissance—burst of black cultural activity, Harlem, NYC
• Artists develop, exchange ideas- Langston Hughes—poet
• Jazz—combines African rhythms, blues, ragtime
- Louis Armstrong- Duke Ellington
• Starts in New Orleans
The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance
The Roaring Twenties
The End!!