What are the formulas for complex and compound-complex sentences?

Let’s Review!

• What makes an independent clause?a subject and a verb

• What is the difference between a simple sentence and a compound sentence?

simple has all subjects doing the same thing, and compound has all subjects doing different things.

• How can we join two independent clauses?1) comma and coordinating conjunction (I,cI)

2) semicolon (I;I)

Let’s Try It Out!

1) I want to see my sister soon for she has been in Switzerland for two years.

2) Bobby ran to the car and grabbed his bag.

3) The book was written by Thomas and Allison.

4) Cindy ate ice cream and Joe ate pizza.

,

,

( (

( (

))

)

(I,cI)

(SVV)

(SV)

(I,cI)

)

Independent v. Dependent Clauses

Independent• Has a subject and

verb• CAN stand alone

Dependent• Has a subject and

verb• CANNOT stand alone• Has a subordinating

conjunction at the beginning

Subordinating Conjunctions“A White Bus”

A

W

H

I

T

E

B

U

S

after, although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though

while, when, whenever, where, wherever

how

if, in order

than, though, that

even though

because

until, unless

so that, since

Check out these examples…

Find the subordinating conjunctions and you have found the dependent clause….

1) I like Sally because she is funny.

2) Kathy will be late for dinner since the meeting is still in progress.

3) The game will end when one team scores.

Complex v. Compound-Complex

Complex• Has one independent

clause and one dependent clause

Compound-Complex• Has two or more independent clauses

and at least one dependent clause

Complex Sentences Formulas

One Dependent Clause ,

One Independent ClauseD, I=

One Independent Clause One Dependent Clause I D=

When he finished the test, he decided to read a book.

He decided to read a book when he finished the test.

Complex Sentence Formulas

D, I = dependent clause – comma – independent clause

Ex: When I get to Phoenix, you will be sleeping.

ID = independent clause – dependent clause

Ex: You will be sleeping when I get to Phoenix.

Compound-Complex Sentence Formulas

D, I, cI= Dependent Clause ,

Independent Clause ,c

Independent Clause

Although she wanted to get good grades, she had difficulty focusing, so she received poor grades on her report card.

D, I;I=Dependent

Clause ,Independent

Clause ;Independent

Clause

Whenever Sofina wants a good book, she goes to the library; a librarian helps her to locate one.

Compound-Complex Sentence Formulas

ID, cI= Dependent Clause

Independent Clause ,c

Independent Clause

Jean had a headache after the party, so Paul cleaned up.

ID;I= Dependent Clause

Independent Clause ;

Independent Clause

Jennifer calls Craig whenever she feels sad; he cheers her up.

Compound-Complex Formulas

D, I, c I = dependent clause – comma – independent clause – comma – conjunction – independent clause

Ex: After the party was over, Jean had a headache, so Paul cleaned up the house.

D, I;I = dependent clause – comma – independent clause – semicolon – independent clause

Ex: Whenever Jennifer feels sad, she calls Jacob; he cheers her up.

Compound-Complex cont.

ID, c I = independent clause – dependent clause – comma – conjunction – independent clause

Ex: Jean had a headache after the party was over, so Paul cleaned up the house.

ID;I = independent clause – dependent clause – semicolon – independent clause

Ex: Jennifer calls Jacob whenever she feels sad; he cheers her up.

Compound-Complex cont.

I, c ID = independent clause – comma – conjunction – independent clause – dependent clause

Ex: Jean had a headache, so Paul cleaned up the house after the party was over.

I;ID = independent clause – semicolon – independent clause – dependent clause

Ex: Jennifer calls Jacob; he cheers her up whenever she feels sad.

WATCH OUT!!!

If I comes before D, we don’t need a comma unless the D

begins with the subordination conjunction, “which”!!!!