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Test Test Inbox - Inbox - Make sure you have the following Make sure you have the following

vocabulary words in your sourcebook:vocabulary words in your sourcebook:

BourgeoisieBourgeoisie Deficit SpendingDeficit Spending

FactionFaction ÉmigréÉmigré

RepublicRepublic SuffrageSuffrage

NationalismNationalism SecularSecular

PlebiscitePlebiscite AnnexAnnex

BlockadeBlockade Guerrilla WarfareGuerrilla Warfare

AbdicateAbdicate

How was French Society How was French Society Divided?Divided?

►France was divided into Three EstatesFrance was divided into Three Estates►The First Estate were the clergy, The First Estate were the clergy,

bishops and priests—they paid no taxes bishops and priests—they paid no taxes and owned a large portion of the land.and owned a large portion of the land.

►The Second Estate were the nobles and The Second Estate were the nobles and landowners—they paid no taxes and landowners—they paid no taxes and owned a large portion the land.owned a large portion the land.

►The Third Estate were the bourgeoisie The Third Estate were the bourgeoisie (middle class) and the peasants (middle class) and the peasants

What was so bad about being in What was so bad about being in the Third Estate? the Third Estate?

►The paid all of the taxes The paid all of the taxes ►They had no say in the government They had no say in the government

(they had one vote in the Estates-(they had one vote in the Estates-General)General)

►They rented most of the their land They rented most of the their land from the Second Estate and lived in from the Second Estate and lived in povertypoverty

►THEY WERE 98% of the population!THEY WERE 98% of the population!

What caused the French What caused the French Revolution?Revolution?

►Social Causes: Inequalities of the estatesSocial Causes: Inequalities of the estates►Political Causes: 98% of the people do Political Causes: 98% of the people do

not have a say in the governmentnot have a say in the government►Economic Causes: Most of the French Economic Causes: Most of the French

people lived in poverty and government people lived in poverty and government did little about itdid little about it

►***Ideas of the Enlightenment made ***Ideas of the Enlightenment made people confident in their freedom and people confident in their freedom and ability ability

How did the How did the Third Estate Rebel?Third Estate Rebel?

► Tennis Court Oath: Third Estate declared Tennis Court Oath: Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly (some members itself the National Assembly (some members of the 1of the 1stst and 2 and 2ndnd joined later). joined later).

► July 14, 1789 Parisians storm the BastilleJuly 14, 1789 Parisians storm the Bastille Bastille was prison for political prisonersBastille was prison for political prisoners Considered beginning of the RevolutionConsidered beginning of the Revolution

What changes were made to What changes were made to France?France?

►““Great Panic” Great Panic” widespread starvation widespread starvation and panic led peasants to attack noblesand panic led peasants to attack nobles

►National assembly abolishes feudalism National assembly abolishes feudalism and Estate privilegesand Estate privileges

►Declaration of the Rights of Man – Declaration of the Rights of Man – statement of natural rights (Liberty, statement of natural rights (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity)Equality, Fraternity)

►Women marched on Versailles; Louis Women marched on Versailles; Louis returns to Paris (virtual prisoner)returns to Paris (virtual prisoner)

Other ChangesOther Changes

►Reorganized Church; put church under state Reorganized Church; put church under state control; sold land to pay debts; not popular control; sold land to pay debts; not popular with peasants (more religious)with peasants (more religious)

►1791: Constitution created with constitutional 1791: Constitution created with constitutional monarchy and legislative assembly (elected monarchy and legislative assembly (elected by taxpaying male citizens); provinces by taxpaying male citizens); provinces replaced with departments; compensated replaced with departments; compensated nobles for lost propertynobles for lost property

►Louis and family tries to escape Paris; caught Louis and family tries to escape Paris; caught and imprisoned (labeled a traitor)and imprisoned (labeled a traitor)

The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror

► In Paris different factions competed for power; In Paris different factions competed for power; radicals gain power and make France a radicals gain power and make France a republic republic

►Committee of Public Safety: group of men Committee of Public Safety: group of men established to draft soldiers to fight for Franceestablished to draft soldiers to fight for France

►Under the leadership of Robespierre and the Under the leadership of Robespierre and the radical Jacobins, they killed thousands of radical Jacobins, they killed thousands of “criminals” and “traitors”“criminals” and “traitors”

►The guillotine was invented and used widely The guillotine was invented and used widely to execute peopleto execute people

How did Napoleon come to How did Napoleon come to Power?Power?

►People were tired of the chaos and People were tired of the chaos and death of Robespierredeath of Robespierre

►The government had done little or The government had done little or nothing to solve their problems (debt, nothing to solve their problems (debt, poverty and starvation).poverty and starvation).

►The victories Napoleon won gave the The victories Napoleon won gave the French power, honor and pride French power, honor and pride (nationalism) (nationalism)

What did Napoleon do for What did Napoleon do for France?France?

►Established the Napoleonic Code or Code Established the Napoleonic Code or Code Napoleon—a simple system of laws that is Napoleon—a simple system of laws that is still the basis of French lawstill the basis of French law

►Fixed prices, improved infrastructure, built Fixed prices, improved infrastructure, built public schools and civil service systempublic schools and civil service system

►Made France into a major military empireMade France into a major military empire►Brought the ideas of the French Brought the ideas of the French

Revolution to all of EuropeRevolution to all of Europe

What happened to What happened to Napoleon’s Empire?Napoleon’s Empire?

►Defeated at Trafalgar by BritainDefeated at Trafalgar by Britain►Uprisings by Spain and AustriaUprisings by Spain and Austria► Invasion of Russia Invasion of Russia scorched earth scorched earth

tactics and brutal Russian Winter tactics and brutal Russian Winter destroys armydestroys army

►Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia defeat and exile Napoleon twice defeat and exile Napoleon twice (Waterloo)(Waterloo)

What was the Congress of What was the Congress of Vienna? Vienna?

►Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and France met to put Europe back together France met to put Europe back together again.again.

►Their goals were to establish a balance Their goals were to establish a balance of power between the nations and of power between the nations and ensure peace through alliancesensure peace through alliances

►They were reactionary because they They were reactionary because they tried to make things like they were in the tried to make things like they were in the “old days” before the French Revolution“old days” before the French Revolution

How can we describe the major How can we describe the major effects of the French effects of the French

Revolution? Revolution? ► In France, the middle class gained more power In France, the middle class gained more power

even though the COV restored the monarchyeven though the COV restored the monarchy► The Revolution inspired nationalism all over The Revolution inspired nationalism all over

the world—people wanted to be free and the world—people wanted to be free and independentindependent

► The Vienna settlements and alliances The Vienna settlements and alliances established the shape of Europe for the next established the shape of Europe for the next centurycentury

► Napoleon’s example of military conquest Napoleon’s example of military conquest influenced other nations to do the same influenced other nations to do the same