Welcome to Han River Control Office - €¦ · -1970: Typhoon Olga, Billie ... Storm surge Historical Flood Damage – 1970s. Demolition of bridge and levee by Typhoon Thelma (Chungcheong)

Welcome to Han River Control OfficeWelcome to Han River Control Office

Flood Forecasting SystemFlood Forecasting System

2010. 11.23.2010. 11.23.

Hwirin Kim Hwirin Kim

River Information Center, HRFCO, River Information Center, HRFCO, MLTMMLTM

Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea

22

ContentsContents

• Average yearly precipitation: 1,245 mmAverage yearly precipitation: 1,245 mmAverage yearly precipitation: 1,245 mmAverage yearly precipitation: 1,245 mm

(1.4 times higher than the world average)

• Per capita annual precipitation: 2,591 mPer capita annual precipitation: 2,591 mPer capita annual precipitation: 2,591 mPer capita annual precipitation: 2,591 m³³³³ (1/8

of the world average)

• 75% of precipitation and runoffs are

concentrated from Jun. to Sep.

• Precipitation concentrated in Summer

→ repeated floods and droughts

1/8 of the world avg.1/8 of the world avg.1/8 of the world avg.1/8 of the world avg.1. 4 times higher than 1. 4 times higher than 1. 4 times higher than 1. 4 times higher than

the world avg.the world avg.the world avg.the world avg.

880880880880㎜㎜㎜㎜ 1,241,241,241,245555㎜㎜㎜㎜

19,63519,63519,63519,635

2,5912,5912,5912,591

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1월 2월 3월 4월 5월 6월 7월 8월 9월 10월 11월 12월

Average monthly runoff

(Unit: million ㎥)

World avg. Korea avg.World avg. Korea avg.World avg. Korea avg.World avg. Korea avg.

Yearly precipitationYearly precipitationYearly precipitationYearly precipitation

World avg. Korea avg.World avg. Korea avg.World avg. Korea avg.World avg. Korea avg.

Per capita annual Per capita annual Per capita annual Per capita annual precipitationprecipitationprecipitationprecipitation

Precipitation and RunoffsPrecipitation and Runoffs

•• Relatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly slopedRelatively short and highly sloped

•• Large peak dischargeLarge peak dischargeLarge peak dischargeLarge peak dischargeLarge peak dischargeLarge peak dischargeLarge peak dischargeLarge peak discharge

•• Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient Wide flow fluctuation (avg. coefficient

of river regime=300)of river regime=300)of river regime=300)of river regime=300)of river regime=300)of river regime=300)of river regime=300)of river regime=300)

* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime* Coefficient of river regime

= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow= maximum flow/ minimum flow

(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)(Thames 8, Seine 23, Rhein 18)

Altitude

HanSeine

Colorado

Nak-Dong

Flow (m3/s)

Han

Tennessee

Distant from the river mouth (km)SlopeSlopeSlopeSlope Flood hydrographFlood hydrographFlood hydrographFlood hydrograph

day

Mekong

Overview of Rivers in KoreaOverview of Rivers in Korea

�� Five Major Basins Five Major Basins

•• Han River : 35,770 kmHan River : 35,770 km22, length, length 494 km494 km

•• Nakdong River : 23,384 kmNakdong River : 23,384 km22, length, length 510 km510 km

•• Geum RiverGeum River : 9,912 km: 9,912 km22, length, length 398 km398 km

•• Seomjin River Seomjin River : 4,912 km: 4,912 km22, length, length 224 km224 km

•• Yongsan RiverYongsan River : 3,468 km: 3,468 km22, length, length 137 km137 km

Status of BasinStatus of Basin

(unit : 100million㎥/year)

Runoff during floods(522, 42%)

Runoff(723, 58%)

Total water resources(1,240, 100%)

Total usage(337, 27%)

Runoff to sea(386, 31%)

Loss(517, 42%)

Runoff during normalcy(201, 16%)

River maintenance(123, 10%)

Dams(177, 14%)

Groundwater(37, 3%)

Water ResourcesWater Resources

Increase in frequency of heavy rain over 100mm per 1 day (1.7 times to 1970’s)

Annual average frequency of disaster : Increase from 5.3 (1940~1970) to

8.8(1980~1999)

Since 2000, increase sharply in damages caused by typhoons such as RUSA

(in 2002) and MAEMI(in 2003)

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

연 도연 도연 도연 도

100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수

강수일수 경향성

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

연 도연 도연 도연 도

100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수100m

m 이

상 강

우발

생 일

수

강수일수 경향성

Increase in Localized heavy rain & floodIncrease in Localized heavy rain & flood

YearYearYearYear

Rainy days over 100mm




Rainy daysRainy daysRainy daysRainy daysTrendTrendTrendTrend

Trend in Damages from in1916 to in 2007

Increase in economic damages since the last of 1980s

Annual Trends by water-related disastersAnnual Trends by water-related disasters

Human damageHuman damageHuman damageHuman damage

YearYearYearYearDamage cost (billion won)Damage cost (billion won)Damage cost (billion won)Damage cost (billion won)

PROJECT BACKGROUNDPROJECT BACKGROUND

Heavy Rains… Flood DamageHeavy RainsHeavy Rains …… Flood DamageFlood Damage

Annual flood damage: US$ 2.2 billion vs. restorat ion expenditure: US$ 3.5 billion

Vicinity of the Nakdong River

4

Water Management Exhibition Hall in Han River FCO

Records on Floods in the pastRecords on Floods in the past

22년(438) 여름 4월에 우두군

(牛頭郡)에 산골물[山水]이

갑자기 이르러 50여 채의 집이

떠내려갔다.

서울에 큰 바람이 불었고 우박이

내렸다. (Flood History)

Records about floods : 33

• Shinra Dynasty : 24

• Goguryo Dynasty : 6

• Baekje Dynasty : 3

Historical Records related to WaterHistorical Records related to Water

Records about floods : 520

- records with specific numbers

비가 내리었다. 이보다 앞서 오랫

동안 가물었는데, 임금이 왕위에

오르자 억수같이 비가 내리니,

백성의 마음이 크게 기뻐하였다.

(Drought History)

Emperor sejong 13th (yr 1431) Nov.

- a local governor who did not move the

peoples live lower area was punished

-> Prepare for natural disaster

Historical Records related to WaterHistorical Records related to Water

Flooding of Yeongduk county of kyeongbuk province by typhoon Sarah(1959 )

-1950: Flooding by Typhoon -1958: Flooding by Typhoon -1959: Flooding by Typhoon

Historical Flood Damage – 1950sHistorical Flood Damage – 1950s

Flooding of Han river in 1963

-1963: Typhoon Shirley and Ves

-1964: Heavy rain in the central region

-1965: Severe drought until June,

-1969: Big flood in Geum river system1961 : River law1967 : Natural disaster

countermeasures law

Funeral ceremoniesfor student to die by flooding(1963)


Inundation by heavy rainfall in 1970(Gangwon)

Bridge demolition by typhoon Judy (Jeju island)

-1970: Typhoon Olga, Billie-1972: Heavy rain (big flood science 1925) -1975,1976,1977,1979: Heavy rain, Typhoon ,

Storm surge


Demolition of bridge and levee by Typhoon Thelma(Chungcheong)

Levee breaking by heavy rain(Chungnam province)

-1980: Heavy rain-1984: Heavy rain-1987: Typhoon Thelma


Inundation by heavy rain in 1996(Gyeonggi, Paju) Damage by flash flood( 1998)

(Daewonsa vally, Jiri moutain)

-1990: Heavy rain-1991: Typhoon Gladys-1998: Local heavy rain, Flash flood -1999: Typhoon Olga


Inundation by typhoon Rusa(2002)(Gimhae)

- 2001 : Local heavy rain- 2002 : Typhoon Rammasun, Rusa- 2003 : Typhoon Maemi- 2006 : Local heavy rain

Damage by Typhoon Maemi (2003)


Han River Flood Control OfficeHan River Flood Control Office

Climate ChangeClimate ChangeClimate Change

지역단위 Road Show 개최

FloodsFloods

Torrential rainfall 1.7 times increase

DroughtsDroughts Rising TemperatureRising Temperature

Restriction of water supply in 2009 - 18,000 Household

Temperature increased by 1.5℃℃℃℃

7

We aim to protect people’s lives and properties from floods and droug hts

Han River Basin

Imjin RiverImjin River

Urban riversUrban rivers

Anseong StreamAnseong Stream

Geum River BasinGeum River Basin

SabgyocheonSabgyocheon

GabcheonGabcheon

Youngsan RiverYoungsan River

Mankyeong RiverMankyeong River

Dongjin RiverDongjin River

Seomjin RiverSeomjin River

Tamjin RiverTamjin River

Nakdong RiverNakdong River

Hyeonsan RiverHyeonsan River

Teahwa RiverTeahwa River

Han River FCOopened in 1974

Geum River FCOopened in 1990

Youngsan River FCOOpened in 1991

Nakdong River FCOOpened in 1987

4 Flood Control Offices4 Flood Control Offices

1974. 7. 3 : Opening Han River FCO

2005. 5. 10 : Establishing River Information Cen ter

Installation & Operation of facilities

for hydrological survey

Flood & Drought forecast

Permission of Water use

Water resources information

Han River Flood Control Offices (HRFCO)Han River Flood Control Offices (HRFCO)

·Personnel/ document & account · Technical development

of flood forecasting

· Providing & analyzing

hydrological data

· River discharge

management

· Water resources

information

· Telecommunication faculty management

DirectorDirector

ManagementSection

ManagementSection

InvestigationSection

InvestigationSection

River InformationCenter

River InformationCenter

TelecommunicationSection

TelecommunicationSection

· Flood forecasting & system management

· Development & operation of faculty for

Hydrological survey

· Permission of water use

Information manag.Information manag. Radar Op.Radar Op.

Han River FCO OrganizationHan River FCO Organization

Flood Forecast in total 37 sites around the country

• Han River basin : 10 points

10 dams at Han river basin, 3 dams have the flood control capacity

FCO approve the dam release amount & time

Flood Forecast sites and DamsFlood Forecast sites and Dams

Waterstation

Rainfallstation

Radar

total 388 429 2

Han Riv FCO 112 152 1

Nakdong Riv FCO 102 140 1

Geum River FCO 82 70 -

Youngsan Riv FCO 92 67 -

Rainfall Radar

in Imjin River

Water level St. Rainfall gaging st.

Station location of Han River FCO

Rainfall Radar

in Mt. Biseul

Hydrological SurveyHydrological Survey

※ 5 small radar will be installed during 2013~2015

검단산검단산검단산검단산

서대산서대산서대산서대산

모후산모후산모후산모후산

비슬산비슬산비슬산비슬산

소백산소백산소백산소백산

가리산가리산가리산가리산

백암산백암산백암산백암산

속초속초속초속초

강릉강릉강릉강릉

삼척삼척삼척삼척

울진울진울진울진

S band : coverage 100km

X band : coverage 50km

basinHan

RiverNakdong

RiverGeum River`

Youngsan River

Others

Cont. 2 2 1 1 5

Period 2004~2012 20103~2015

2009 : Mt. Biseul, Rainfall radar instollation

2010 : Mt. Mohu, Mt. Sobaek under designed

Rainfall RadarRainfall Radar

Hydrological Data Transmission in 260 stations Ever y 10 min

VHF, CDMA, VSAT

Real-time Video Monitoring by CCTV

- Installations & Operations in 16 main stations

CCTV Networks


Hangang Bridge

Yeoju Bridge

○○○○ Real-time Video Monitoring


Director GeneralDirector GeneralDirector GeneralDirector General

Flood Forecast TeamFlood Forecast TeamFlood Forecast TeamFlood Forecast Team

Technical Consulting TeamTechnical Consulting TeamTechnical Consulting TeamTechnical Consulting Team

Technical Support TeamTechnical Support TeamTechnical Support TeamTechnical Support Team

After predicting the level of river flood, Flood fo recast and Warning announces

citizens and related officials. So they can be prep ared!

Flood Watch : 60% Above Flood water level

Flood Warning : 80% Above Flood water level


○○○○ Han River : 10Han River : 10Han River : 10Han River : 10 stationsstationsstationsstations


• Every 10 minvia ground stationcommunication satelliteCCTV

• Data ExchangeKMA, Kwater and other agencies

Real-time Transmission

• Forecast the flood volume

• Controlled Dam discharge

• Forecast the flood level &occurrence time

Flood Analysis

• Rainfall

• Water level

• Rain Radar

• Dam Inflow/Outflow

HydrologicalInvestigation

• the Central government,local authorities(Seoul and others)

• Media(TV, Radio, Newspaper)

Forecast Spread


Integrated Flood Forecasting SystemIntegrated Flood Forecasting SystemIntegrated Flood Forecasting SystemIntegrated Flood Forecasting System

ChannelChannelChannelChannel SubbasinSubbasinSubbasinSubbasin ChannelChannelChannelChannel----RoutingRoutingRoutingRouting

Flood Forecasting System for urban areaFlood Forecasting System for urban areaFlood Forecasting System for urban areaFlood Forecasting System for urban area

Flash Flood Forecasting System using rainfall radarFlash Flood Forecasting System using rainfall radarFlash Flood Forecasting System using rainfall radarFlash Flood Forecasting System using rainfall radar

Flood Analysis ProgramFlood Analysis Program

Flood Watching level(8.5 m)

― recorded ― expected― recorded ― expected

Max. Level 6.78m

150 mm additional rainfall


Flood watching level(8.5 m)

― recorded ― expected― recorded ― expected

Max. Level 8.16m

250 mm additional rainfall


Total inflow 3.43 billion ton to 3 Major Dam in Han River Basin

reserved 1.58 billion ton


MLTM

Han River FCO

Disaster Control Center(MOPAS)

Disaster Control Center(MOPAS)

13 including Seoul 13 including Seoul

Local AuthoritiesLocal Authorities

Local citizens, PoliceLocal citizens, Police

7 including K-water7 including K-water

Relevant AgenciesRelevant Agencies

18 including KBS 18 including KBS

MediaMedia

• Hydrological data collecting

• Dam inflow Calculation

• Water volume estimation

• Water level Forecast

• Flood Forecasting Announcement

• Hydrological data collecting

• Dam inflow Calculation

• Water volume estimation

• Water level Forecast

• Flood Forecasting Announcement

• Water level data

• Rainfall data

• Water level data

• Rainfall data

T/M stationT/M station

• Water level

• Outflow

• Water level

• Outflow

Dam operating officeDam operating office

reportFlood ForecastAnnouncement report

FloodForecastSpread

DataCollection

Forecasting Spread NationwideForecasting Spread Nationwide

Flood Inundation MapFlood Inundation Map

Han2001 – 2002

Sample production

Nakdong 2003 – 2007 Nakdong river basin 787km

PlanPlan 2007 modified

Youngsan2008 Youngsan river basin 191km

Han 2009 Han river 2 sites

2010 Han river 2 sites

Water Resources Information ManagementWater Resources Information Management

http://www.wamis.go.krWater resources Management Information Systemhttp://www.wamis.go.krWater resources Management Information System

http://hrfco.go.krHan River Flood Control Office Webpagehttp://hrfco.go.krHan River Flood Control Office Webpage


Hydrological Data Quaily Control

Real-time data exchange with relevant agencies(KMA, Kwater)


http://www.wins.go.krWater management Information Networking Systemhttp://www.wins.go.krWater management Information Networking System

14 agencies(including ME), 55 information

http://www.river.go.krRiver Management Geographic Information Systemhttp://www.river.go.krRiver Management Geographic Information System

River geographic data production, collection

43 43

Thank [email protected]

Documents

Welcome to Han River Control Office - €¦ · -1970: Typhoon Olga, Billie ... Storm surge Historical Flood Damage – 1970s. Demolition of bridge and levee by Typhoon Thelma (Chungcheong)