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The topic for today, September 10th:
Where did the first people in America come from:Iberia or Siberia?
For the next two weeks:
Peopling of the New World
(Spain) (Russia)
What is the new world?What does it mean to ask where did the first people in America come from?
--Recognizing multiple dimensions to a good question
Aspects of Critical Inquiry in the Social Sciences
--Evaluating evidence
--Recognizing multiple answers to a question or a problem
--Exploring the ethical implications of differing approaches, methods, or conclusions
--Developing potential solutions to problems based on sound evidence and reasoning
Consensus in the 1970s: People came to America… --from Siberia --on foot --13500 years ago.
The Iberia hypothesis did not have anyStrong supporters until about 10 years ago
Clovis and Folsom sites, New Mexico
Folsom point in associationwith extinctbison bones
Miles point
Cactus Hill
MeadowcroftSites thatdate to14000 yearsago or earlier
Solutreans!!!People from what is not Spain and Southern France, 21000 years ago
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
Dennis Stanford Bruce Bradley
What are some of immediate problems with the Solutrean Hypothesis?
What is the evidence of the Solutrean Hypothesis?
Clovis Solutrean
Similarities in stone tools:
1. Bifacial technology (two faces: biface)
front side & back sideof same tool.
Both sides sharpened
10cm
Clovis Solutrean
Similarities in stone tools:
1. Bifacial technology (two faces: biface)
2. These bifaces are big!
3. Overshot flaking(outrepassé)
Other Similarities in stone tools:
Clovis Solutrean
BorersNotchesBurins
32 similarities in total!…and no similarities between Clovistools and Siberian/Alaskan tools
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
On land
At sea/on ice
Land and sea
I’m on a boat!
Ring seal
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
On land
At sea/on ice
Land and sea
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
Skull of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Forensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Warning: this slide contains an image of Native American skeletal material
21,000 BP
17,000 BP
13,500 BP
Clovis
Pre-Clovis
Solutrean
12,000 BP
Lawrence Straus David Meltzer
Problems with Solutrean hypothesis
10cm
Clovis Solutrean
Similarities in stone tools:
1. Bifacial technology (two faces: biface)
2. These bifaces are big!
3. Overshot flaking(outrepassé)
10cm
Clovis Solutrean
Differences in stone tools:
1. Concave base rare in Solutrean points
2. No fluting in Solutrean points
Clovis Solutrean
Other Similarities in stone tools:
Clovis Solutrean
Burins
But are both of these green tools actually similar?
Clovis Solutrean
Shouldered point
Stemmed point
Clovis Solutrean
Bone needle
hook for atlatl(spearthrower)
Clovis Solutrean
Antler points(a kind of tool)
Clovis Solutrean
Mobiliary art
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
Are there really no similarities between Clovis tools and stone tools in Beringea and Sibera?
Table showing similarities between Clovis tools and tools in Siberia
But Stanford says there are no similarities: who do we trust? How do we evaluate evidence?
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
From Stanford and Bradley 2012
Evidence for hunting seals or fish?
Clovis Solutrean
Skull of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Forensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Skull of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Forensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Anotherforensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Portrait of contemporaryAinu person, an ethnic
minority in northern Japan
Shovel-shaped incisors
From Stanford and Bradley 2012