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week 11, april 1, thursday
Introduction to Module 3
Psychological perspectives on subject-matter learning
Two perspectives: Behaviorism & Cognitivism
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assignments
Readings
Soltis, J. F., & Philips, D. C. (2009). Perspectives on Learning. Chapter 3, Behaviorism.
Ullucci, K. (2005). Picking battles, finding joy: Creating community in the "uncontrolled" classroom.
Other assignments: Check with your instructor
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psychological perspectives on subject-matter learning
What is a psychological perspective?
What is subject-matter?
Why does subject matter?
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why does subject matter?
When examining issues of learning or teaching, why is it critical to consider the subject matter?
It is not enough “to love kids” or “to want to help.”
Good teachers understand – really understand - their subject-matter.
So, whenever you’re examining learning or teaching, it is important to ask, “What is the subject matter?”
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psychological perspectives on learning
Behaviorism and Cognitivism
The dominant theoretical perspectives in educational psychology
What are the distinctive characteristics of each perspective on learning?
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psychological perspectives on learning
Behaviorism and Cognitivism: Each perspective offers a unique perspective on:
What it means to have learned something
How learning takes place
What motivates students to learn
How learning can be assessed
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paradigms
Behaviorism and cognitivism more than just different points of view.
Its not like walking around a person and seeing different side of that person. Much deeper than that.
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paradigms
Behaviorism and cognitivism more than just different points of view.
From each perspective, one sees different things, asks different questions, uses different methods to explore questions, offers different explanations, holds different views of human nature, has different values, etc.
Perspectives that are part of a network of thoughts and values are called Paradigms
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contrasting paradigms
Examples
Heliocentric vs. Geocentric views of the cosmos
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geocentric & heliocentric
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16th century diagram of the cosmos
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16th century diagram of the cosmos
contrasting paradigms
Examples
Behaviorism & Cognitivism views of learning
Shifting from one view to another is so dramatic, it has been called a “revolution”
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contrasting paradigms
Shifting from one view to another is so dramatic, it has been called a “revolution”
The Copernican revolution: the shift from heliocentric to geocentric views of the cosmos
The Cognitive revolution: the shift from a behaviorist & cognitivist view of learning
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contrasting paradigms
Typically, paradigms are scientific perspectives
But, other contrasting views might be similarly deep rooted. Example, different views of compassion.
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paradigms: contrasting views
Compassion: Sympathetic concern for another’s suffering
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paradigms: contrasting views
Compassion: Sympathetic concern for another’s suffering
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How might some people explain these people’s suffering?
What might some people recommend as a response to this situation?
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contrasting views of compassion
…lead to different responses to these questions
Are they passive victims of racism or vast economic forces?
Do they need to realize that they can't blame "the system" for their own wrongdoing?
Do we help them by communicating the message of personal responsibility and self-reliance?
Do we give optimistic assurance that they must try and that they will make it?
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back to views of learning
Summary
Different paradigms of learning will direct your attention to different aspects of the students’ experience and lead you to make different responses as a teacher.
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behaviorist & cognitive paradigms
B. F. Skinner – behaviorist
Jean Piaget - cognitivist
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behaviorism
What it means to have learned something
How learning takes place
What motivates students to learn
How learning can be assessed
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cognitivism
What it means to have learned something
How learning takes place
What motivates students to learn
How learning can be assessed
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exercising your vision
Consider this….
A student in your preschool class has just dumped a box of blocks on the floor and then moved on to do something else. You’ve asked him several times to pick up the blocks, but he doesn’t.
What would you do?
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exercising your vision
PTC – responding to a student who did not clean up (48:45)
Take the view of the behaviorist or cognitivist perspectives. Describe and analyze the situation. Make recommendations.
Possible Q: Are things going well? Why or why not?
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exercising your vision
PTC – teaching students the idea of simile (42:30)
simile: a figure of speech comparing one thing to a different thing to make a description more vivid
Take the view of the behaviorist or cognitivist perspectives. Describe and analyze the situation. Make recommendations.
Possible Q: Are things going well? Why or why not?
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exercising your vision
Consider this…
You a student in xx class at MSU. You are doing well in this class.
Take a behaviorist or cognitive perspective on your learning. What might you see?
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