Behaviorism vs Cognitivism

7/29/2019 Behaviorism vs Cognitivism

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Behaviorism

vsCognitivism

Group 4



Behaviorism were built on the work of Pavlov, Watson andB.F.Skinner,

Cognitivism were built on the work of Kohler, Tolman ,Gagne ,

Ausubel ,Vygotsky, Piaget and Bruner.



Behaviourism vs Cognitivism

• Behaviourism

a theory that it’s perspective may be defined as a change of behavior as a result

experience-that can be measured

• Cognitivism

• a theory that it’s perspective is a change in mental representations and associa

brought about by experiences.



Differences

Behaviourism Cognitivism

Determine which cues elicit the desired

responses.

Focus on the mental activities of the l

Arrange practice situations so they will prompt elicit responses in a “natural” setting.

Acknowledge the processes of the meplanning, goal-setting, and organizati

strategies.

Arrange environmental conditions to enhance

stimuli

Stress over efficient processing strate

Focus on the design of the environment to

optimize learning.

Make use of feedback (knowledge of f

to guide and support accurate mental

connections

Use feedback (reinforcement) to modify

behavior in the desired direction.



• Behaviourist approach

• Cognitive approach

Instructional

manipulation

Outcome performance

Learner’scharacteristic

Instructionalmanipulation

Learningprocess

Learningoutcomes

Outcomeperformance



Differences between Behaviorism and Cogni

Behaviorism Aspect Cognitivism

presentation of

“scientifically” graded

language items.

Control grading, but not s

“scientifically”

controlled. (in te

of what the learn

brings to the activ

of learning.)




should not be made at

all.

Error can be made, sinc

through errors on

learn.





drills and drills,

constant repetition is

definitely necessary.

Practice important, but ro

learning and

meaningless repe

is out.




a passive recipient of

planned instruction.

Role of learner an active process

learning. One wh

internal data

processing mech

operate





one who teaches,

plans, presents

language items and

exercises, makes

students repeat drills

and gives correctlanguage forms.

Role of teacher : one who create

opportunities for

learning to occur

the help of the

learner’s data

processing

mechanism.





based on the structures

and vocabulary of

language presented

systematically.

Language syllabus could be less

systematically

presented structu

and vocabulary,

functions, notion

situations, andcognitive functio

Differences between Behaviorism andCognitivism




Strict, clear, step by

step (lock-step

method)

Grading cno so definite, s

the individual

language learner

involved.

Differences between Behaviorism and Cogniti



Similarities

both theories emphasize the role that environmentalconditions play in facilitating learning, as well asemphasis on the role of practice with corrective

feedback.



The end

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Behaviorism vs Cognitivism