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Susan Wagner High School US History and Government Regents

Review Package

UNIT 6: Social and Economic Change: Domestic Issues (1945 – present)

UNIT 7: The United States and Globalization (1990 – present)

Unit Description Racial, gender, and socioeconomic inequalities were addressed by individuals, groups, and organizations. Varying political philosophies prompted debates over the role of the federal gov’t in regulating the economy and providing a social safety net.

Unit Compelling Questions

Is there one American experience? Does America live up to its founding ideals?

Unit Essential Questions How did the role of the Federal Government in American society evolve from

1945 to the present? To what extent did the Civil Rights movement shape modern American society?

Multiple Choice Practice

1. The Great Society legislation enacted under President Lyndon B. Johnson is an example ofA. the increased power of the states to deal with economic problems.B. a reliance on laissez-faire capitalism to combat continuing inflation.C. direct federal involvement in the United States economy to address the problems of poverty.D. decreased support for the concerns of minority groups.

2. Programs designed to increase the representation of minorities and women in the workforce have come under attack during recent years mainly because

A. minorities and women have not been able to point to serious examples of discrimination in employment.

B. most laws guaranteeing equal opportunity have been found unconstitutional.C. affirmative action has sometimes been considered reverse discrimination.D. the economy has been too weak to absorb more workers.

3. The foreign policy actions of Presidents James Monroe, Theodore Roosevelt, and Ronald Reagan were similar in that they all

A. enforced a strict policy of neutrality.B. involved the United States in armed conflict in Europe.C. added to the American colonial empire.D. acted to support United States interests in Latin America.

4. Since World War II, what has been a major goal of United States relations with the Middle East?A. a peaceful resolution to Arab-Israeli conflictsB. an end to European influence over Arab nationsC. establishment of United Nations control over the Middle EastD. equal access for all nations to the oil reserves of the Middle East

5. Several United States Presidents committed military troops to serve in Vietnam in an effort toA. react to violations of United States neutrality.B. support the policy of containment.C. oppose the Chinese occupation of Indochina.D. protect United States economic interests in East Asia.

6. A governmental action that was consistent with the Cold War mentality was theA. establishment of loyalty reviews of government employees.B. reduction in military defense spending.C. elimination of the Central Intelligence Agency.D. adoption of the GI Bill of Rights.

7. Which statement is most accurate about the economy of the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s?

A. The increased cost of imported oil hurt economic growth.B. The federal budget was balanced.C. Inflation declined sharply throughout these years.D. The number of jobs in farming increased while service jobs decreased.

8. The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to which other Presidential program?A. Warren Harding's Return to NormalcyB. Franklin D. Roosevelt's New DealC. Ronald Reagan's New FederalismD. George Bush's Thousand Points of Light

9. When President Dwight D. Eisenhower said "If you knock down the first row of dominoes, all the others will fall in quick order," he was expressing a view that led to

A. decreased aid to Western Europe.B. less restrictive immigration policies toward Africa and Latin America.C. stronger support for United States involvement in Southeast Asia.D. the end of colonialism in Africa.

10. The main reason that the United States sent troops to Bosnia in 1995 was to try toA. bring a peaceful end to a civil war.B. contain the spread of communism.C. take over the area as a protectorate.D. resettles refugees in North Africa.

11. A study of voting patterns in the United States today indicates thatA. the United States has a low voter turnout.B. urban areas have higher voter turnouts than suburban areas do.C. people who live in poverty tend to have a high voter turnout.D. 18- to 25-year-old voters are more likely to vote than senior citizens are.

12. United States annexation of the Philippines (1898) and military involvement in Vietnam (1960s and 1970s) are similar because in each event the United States

A. achieved its long-range foreign policy objectives.B. put the domino theory into action.C. demonstrated the strength and success of its military power.D. provoked domestic debate about its involvement in the internal affairs of other nations.

13. A valid generalization about reform movements throughout United States history is thatA. reform movements have failed to use the media effectively.B. most successful reform movements affect relatively few people.C. many reform movements have led to long-lasting changes in society.D. most reform movements have had little impact on the economy.

14. During the twentieth century, agriculture in the United States has experienced a decrease in theA. average size of farms.B. total output of farm products.C. productivity of farm workers.D. number of farm workers.

15. Which method is contrary to the principles of Martin Luther King, Jr.?A. sit-ins at a segregated restaurantB. use of violence to express frustration in achieving racial equalityC. demonstrations by minorities in front of a government buildingD. marches on Washington to draw attention to the needs of minorities

16. Since 1980, relations between Japan and the United States have been most influenced by theA. imbalance of trade between the two nations.B. refusal of the United States to accept Japanese technology.C. immigration restrictions imposed by the Gentleman's Agreement.D. construction of Japanese military bases in the Pacific area.

17. Which will be the most likely outcome of the increasing life expectancy in the United States?A. decreased need for health facilitiesB. decreased political power of senior citizens' organizationsC. increased demands for mandatory retirement at age 65D. increased concern for the economic security of the elderly

18. The Presidency of Gerald Ford was different from all previous presidencies because he was the first President who

A. won the office by running on a third-party ticket.B. resigned from the office of President.C. ran for office as a non-partisan candidate.D. was not elected to either the presidency or the vice presidency.

19. According to the supply-side economic principles promoted by President Ronald Reagan, economic growth would occur when

A. corporate business taxes were reduced.B. business was regulated by antitrust legislation.C. unemployment benefits were increased.D. investment in capital goods was decreased.

20. The widespread use of computers has led to a national concern overA. increased pollution of the environment.B. guarding the right to privacy.C. protection of the right to petition.D. a decline in television viewing.

21. The concept of collective security is best exemplified by the role of the United States inA. forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).B. negotiating the Camp David accords.C. granting China most-favored-nation status.D. becoming a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

22. A major result of the Camp David accords was theA. establishment of diplomatic relations between Egypt and Israel.B. creation of the permanent United States military bases in Latin America.C. commitment of United States combat troops to Bosnia.D. end of the Cold War in Europe.

23. Which action in United States history is an example of civil disobedience?A. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) filed suit against the

state of Kansas for violating the constitutional rights of students in public schools.B. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) supported efforts to have the courts order the

desegregation of buses and trains in the South.C. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) organized a boycott in Montgomery,

Alabama, until transportation facilities were integrated.D. In Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.

24. What has been one of the greatest obstacles to achieving racial integration of public schools in the United States?

A. Federal courts have avoided dealing with public education.B. Many cities have local laws requiring children of different races to attend different schools.C. "Separate but equal" public education is still legal in many states.D. Segregated housing patterns are still common in many communities.

25. Most recently, one goal of women in the United States Armed Forces has been gain the right toA. serve in combat positions.B. become officers.C. travel overseas during wartime.D. receive the same pay as men of comparable rank.

26. The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Escobedo v. Illinois all advanced the

A. voting rights of minorities.B. guarantees of free speech and press.C. principle of separation of church and state.D. rights of accused persons.

27. In the United States in the 1990s, cuts in defense spending were proposed becauseA. Japan assumed the peacekeeping responsibilities of the United Nations.B. military technology became less expensive.C. the United States returned to an isolationist foreign policy.D. communist governments in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union collapsed.

28. A study of the women's movement in the United States would show thatA. the national government granted rights to women long before state governments did.B. the gains made by women usually took considerable periods of time.C. women received voting rights before African Americans did.D. wartime employment slowed progress toward gender equality.

29. During the Cold War, the easing of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in

A. the organization of the Warsaw Pact.B. the invasion of Hungary and Czechoslovakia.C. the Berlin Airlift.D. a treaty banning nuclear tests.

30. The supply-side economics of President Ronald Reagan and President George Bush favoredA. raising tariffs to increase the number of imports.B. increasing Federal taxes to support social welfare programs.C. providing incentives to stimulate business growth.D. establishing government programs to provide jobs for the unemployed.

31. During the 1990s, which issue has led to the greatest tension between the United States and Japan?A. immigration quotasB. use of natural resourcesC. trade policiesD. military preparedness

32. What is the main criticism of affirmative action in recent years?A. The program has been extremely costly to the federal government.B. Hiring quotas for minorities may have denied opportunities to other qualified professionals.C. Very few minority persons have been hired.D. Most state governments have been unwilling to enforce the program.

33. When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, during the 1957 school integration crisis, he was exercising his constitutional power as

A. Chief Legislator.B. Commander in Chief.C. Chief Diplomat.D. Head of State.

34. A major long-term effect of the Vietnam War has been a(n)A. end to communist governments in Asia.B. change in United States foreign policy from containment to imperialism.C. reluctance to commit United States troops for extended military action abroad.D. continued boycott of trade with Asia.

35. The primary purpose of the War Powers Act (1973) is toA. limit presidential power to send troops into combat.B. allow for a quicker response to a military attack.C. assure the adequate defense of the Western Hemisphere.D. stop the use of troops for nonmilitary purposes.

Regents Prep.org Questions7b: Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement: Question 1 of 46

Which action designed to oppose a political or business policy is closest to the approach used by Martin Luther King, Jr.?

1. a war protester accepting a jail term rather than registering for the draft2. a union picketer assaulting a strikebreaker3. a government employee resisting arrest for failure to pay income taxes4. dissatisfied workers destroying machinery in their factory


The abolitionist movement, the women’s suffrage movement, and the 1960’s civil rights movement are all examples of reform efforts that

1. succeeded without causing major controversy2. developed significant popular support3. achieved their goals without government action4. failed to affect the nation as a whole


Which generalization can most accurately be drawn from a study of Supreme Court cases Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?

1. The Supreme Court has issued consistent decisions in cases involving rights of the accused.

2. Supreme Court decisions are accepted without public controversy.3. The Justices believe that social issues are best left for state courts to decide.4. The Supreme Court has helped to determine public policy.


The major goal of the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was to

1. establish a separate political state for African Americans2. gain passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution3. end segregation based on race4. permit unlimited immigration to the United States


An original purpose of affirmative action programs was to

1. increase educational and employment opportunities for women and minorities2. improve the Amencan economy by guaranteeing that employees will be

highly skilled3. decrease social welfare costs by requiring recipients of public assistance to

work4. reduce the Federal deficit by increasing government efficiency


Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court was considered "activist" because of its

1. reluctance to overturn state laws2. insistence on restricting freedom of speech to spoken words3. expansion of individual rights in criminal cases4. refusal to reconsider the issues of the Plessy v. Ferguson case


When necessary to achieve justice, which method did Martin Luther King, Jr., urge his followers to employ?

1. using violence to bring about political change2. engaging in civil disobedience3. leaving any community in which racism is practiced

4. demanding that Congress pay reparations to African Americans


The main goal of the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was to

1. obtain equal rights for women2. make the public aware of environmental prob-lems3. correct the abuses of big business4. organize the first labor union in the United States


When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent Federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, during the 1957 school integration crisis, he was exercising his constitutional power as

1. Chief Legislator2. Commander-in-Chief3. Chief Diplomat4. Head of State


The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Escobedo v. Illinois all advanced the

1. voting rights of minorities2. guarantees of free speech and press3. principle of separation of church and state4. rights of accused persons


"Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."-Brown v. Board of Education

The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to

1. establish affirmative action programs in higher education2. require the integration of public schools3. desegregate the armed forces and the military academies4. force states to spend an equal amount on each public school student


After the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, African Americans continued to experience political and economic oppression mainly because

1. the amendments were not intended to solve their problems2. many African Americans distrusted the Federal Government3. Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws4. poor communications kept people from learning about their legal rights


The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was primarily concerned with

1. carrying out Reconstruction in the South2. limiting immigration to the United States3. bringing about equal rights for women4. promoting the settlement of western territories


The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct

1. racial and gender discrimination2. limitations on freedom of speech3. unfair immigration quotas4. segregation in the armed forces


“We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

—Brown v. Board of Education(1954)

Which constitutional idea was the basis for this Supreme Court decision?

1. protection against double jeopardy2. freedom of speech3. right of assembly4. equal protection of the law


“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.’” —Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington,D.C., 1963

Which step was taken following this speech to advance the dream of Martin Luther King, Jr.?

1. desegregation of the Armed Forces2. ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson3. elimination of the Ku Klux Klan4. passage of new civil rights acts


Cesar Chavez created the United Farm Workers Organization Committee (UFWOC) in 1966 primarily to

1. secure voting rights for Mexican Americans2. improve working conditions for migrant laborers3. provide legal assistance to illegal aliens4. increase farm income


The changes shown in the chart were most directly the result of the

1. enactment of voting-reform laws by these southern states2. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education3. passage of the Voting Rights Act of 19654. executive branch’s resistance to protecting the civil rights of minorities


The main idea of this cartoon is that the elimination of affirmative action programs on some college campuses has

1. improved race relations2. caused friction among white students3. reduced the number of minority students4. led to rapid increases in enrollment


The federal voting rights laws passed in the 1950s and 1960s were designed to

1. return control of voting regulations to the states2. remove racial barriers to voting3. extend suffrage to American women4. prevent recent immigrants from voting


“I would agree with Saint Augustine that ‘An unjust law is no law at all.’ ” — Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Letter From Birmingham City Jail” This statement was used

by Dr. King to show support for

1. Social Darwinism2. Jim Crow laws3. separation of church and state4. civil disobedience


When Susan B. Anthony refused to pay a fine for voting illegally in the election of 1872, she stated: “Not a penny shall go to this unjust claim.” Her action was an example of

1. anarchy2. judicial review3. civil disobedience4. vigilante justice


Martin Luther King, Jr. first emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement when he

1. led the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama2. refused to give up his seat on a bus to a white man3. challenged the authority of the Supreme Court4. was elected as the first black congressman from the South


The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Fair Housing Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act were government efforts to

1. eliminate restrictions on immigration2. end discrimination against various groups3. provide federal aid for children4. require equal treatment of men and woman


The main goal of affirmative action programs is to

1. enforce racial segregation laws2. secure equal voting rights for African Americans3. provide affordable child care4. promote economic gains for minorities and women


The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct

1. racial and gender discrimination2. limitations on freedom of speech3. unfair immigration quotas4. segregation in the armed forces


The data in this chart support the conclusion that between 1960 and 1990

1. government failed to pass laws that granted women equal access to jobs2. the earnings gap between men and women was only slightly improved3. women’s earnings consistently increased faster than those of men4. most higher paying jobs were still not legally open to women


To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives in Congress Assembled, We the undersigned, citizens of the United States, but deprived of some of the privileges and immunities of citizens among which, is the right to vote, beg leave to submit the following resolution:Resolved; that we the officers and members of the National Woman Suffrage Association, in convention assembled, respectfully ask Congress to enact appropriate legislation during its present session to protect women citizens in the several states of this Union, in their right to vote.

— Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage,

and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1873)

Source: National Archives and Records Administration

This resolution illustrates the constitutional right to

1. petition for redress of grievances2. protection against unreasonable search and seizure3. a speedy and public trial4. freedom of religion


In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court ruled that

1. states may not secede from the Union2. all western territories should be open to slavery3. racial segregation was constitutional4. slaves are property and may not be taken from their owners


“. . . In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.’ It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked ‘insufficient funds.’ ”. . .— Martin Luther King, Jr., August 28, 1963

The focus of this passage from Dr. King’s speech was his belief that

1. equal rights for all were guaranteed by the founders of this nation2. Americans had become blind to racial differences3. violence was often necessary for the protection of civil liberties4. civil rights for African Americans would always be a dream


The program that promotes preference in hiring for African Americans and other minorities to correct past injustices is known as

1. Title IX2. open admissions3. affirmative action4. Head Start


The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by

the United States or by any State on account of sex. . . .”-19th Amendment, United States Constitution Which group of women worked for the passage of this amendment?

1. Harriet Tubman, Jane Addams, and Dorothea Dix2. Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton3. Madeline Albright, Geraldine Ferraro, and Sandra Day O’Connor4. Clara Barton, Amelia Earhart, and Eleanor Roosevelt


“. . . I was disappointed not to see what is inside Central High School. I don’t understand why the governor [of Arkansas] sent grown-up soldiers to keep us out. I don’t know if I should go back. But Grandma is right, if I don’t go back, they will think they have won. They will think they can use soldiers to frighten us, and we’ll always have to obey them. They’ll always be in charge if I don’t go back to Central and make the integration happen. . . .” — Melba Beals, Warriors Don’t Cry, an African American student, 1957

President Dwight D. Eisenhower reacted to the situation described in this passage by

1. forcing the governor of Arkansas to resign2. allowing the people of Arkansas to resolve the problem3. asking the Supreme Court to speed up racial integration4. sending federal troops to enforce integration


The data included in the table suggest that since 1971

1. boys are losing interest in participating in sports2. participation in sports by boys and girls is nearly equal3. girls’ participation in sports equals that of boys4. girls’ participation in sports is increasing at a faster rate than that of boys


Which development contributed most to the changes shown in the table?

1. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 19642. inclusion of Title IX in the Education Amendments of 19723. the beginning of Head Start programs in the 1960s4. increase in the number of nonpublic schools since the 1970s


Filibusters were used by United States Senators from the South in the 1950s and 1960s to

1. block passage of civil rights bills2. protest United States involvement in Vietnam3. override presidential vetoes of environmental bills4. gain approval of presidential appointments to the Supreme Court


The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 is often viewed as the beginning of the

1. temperance movement2. women’s rights movement3. antislavery movement4. Native American Indian movement


During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, activities of the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Urban League, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) illustrated that

1. all civil rights groups use the same tactics2. different approaches can be used to achieve a common goal3. organizational differences usually lead to failure4. violence is the best tool for achieving social change


In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka advanced the civil rights movement by

1. guaranteeing equal voting rights to African Americans2. banning racial segregation in hotels and restaurants3. declaring that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th

amendment

4. upholding the principle of separate but equal public facilities


. . . Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once? . . . — Henry David Thoreau, 1849

. . . But the great glory of American democracy is the right to protest for right. My friends, don’t let anybody make us feel that we [are] to be compared in our actions with the Ku Klux Klan or with the White Citizens Council. There will be no crosses burned at any bus stops in Montgomery. There will be no white persons pulled out of their homes and taken out on some distant road and lynched for not cooperating. There will be nobody amid, among us who will stand up and defy the Constitution of this nation. We only assemble here because of our desire to see right exist. . .

— Martin Luther King, Jr., December 1955

Which statement most accurately summarizes the main idea of these quotations?

1. Revolution is inevitable in a democratic society.

2. Government consistently protects the freedom and dignity of all its citizens.3. Violence is the most effective form of protest.4. Civil disobedience is sometimes necessary to bring about change.


This poster was used during the

1. abolitionist movement2. woman’s suffrage movement3. civil rights movement4. environmental movement


In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to

1. protect civil rights marchers2. help African Americans register to vote3. enforce a Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools4. end race riots resulting from a bus boycott


The Equal Pay Act, the Title IX education amendment, and the proposed Equal Rights amendment (ERA) were primarily efforts to improve the status of

1. African Americans2. Native American Indians3. migrant workers4. women


The president acted as commander in chief in response to which event of the civil rights movement?

1. refusal of the governor of Arkansas to obey a federal court order to integrate public schools in Little Rock

2. desegregation of the city bus system in Montgomery, Alabama3. arrest of Martin Luther King Jr. during protests in Birmingham, Alabama4. assassination of Medgar Evers in Mississippi


Lunch counter sit-ins and the actions of freedom riders are examples of

1. steps taken in support of the Americans with Disabilities Act2. programs dealing with affirmative action3. violent acts by the Black Panthers4. nonviolent attempts to oppose segregation


The information on the map supports the conclusion that African American migration between 1940 and 1970 was mainly from the

1. urban areas to rural areas2. south to the north3. Mountain states to the West Coast4. Sun Belt to the Great Plains

7d: 1960’s and the Great Society

1960's & The Great Society: Question 1 of 20

“ . . . his legislative leadership was remarkable. No President since Lincoln had done more for civil rights. Yet much of this was forgotten as American society became increasingly divided over United States participation in a bloody, undeclared war.” Which 20th-century President does this statement most accurately describe?

1. Woodrow Wilson2. Franklin D. Roosevelt3. Lyndon Johnson4. Ronald Reagan


The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to which other Presidential program?

1. Warren Harding’s Return to Normalcy2. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal3. Ronald Reagan’s New Federalism4. George Bush’s Thousand Points of Light


The Great Society programs of the 1960’s used the power of the Federal Government to bring about

1. an all-volunteer military2. antipoverty reforms3. deregulation of business4. reduced defense spending


The chief objective of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs was to

1. increase foreign aid to developing nations2. correct environmental pollution3. help the disadvantaged in the United States4. unite democratic nations and contain communism


One similarity between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Lyndon B. Johnson is that both

1. believed strongly in States rights2. expanded the power of the Presidency3. supported a strict construction of the Constitution4. opposed most civil rights legislation


Which action was a common objective of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal and President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society?

1. eliminating nuclear weapons2. helping those living in poverty3. lowering barriers to immigration4. breaking up business monopolies


President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society is similar to President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal in that both programs

1. sought ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to guarantee equality for women

2. advocated passage of civil rights laws to help African Americans3. supported federal funding of programs for the poor4. approved efforts by states to reduce taxes for the middle class


Which situation was a result of the Vietnam War?

1. South Vietnam was able to maintain its noncommunist status.2. The United States questioned its role as a police officer of the world.3. Richard Nixon was forced to resign the presidency.4. The War Powers Act was repealed by Congress.


Which initiative was part of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program?

1. providing medical care to the poor and elderly2. reducing federal aid to education3. increasing foreign aid to the Soviet Union4. opposing civil rights legislation


One reason the United States became involved in the Vietnam War was to

1. prevent the spread of communism in Indochina2. reduce French influence in Vietnam3. stop China from seizing Vietnam4. support the government of North Vietnam


Which federal government program was designed to solve the problem illustrated in this cartoon?

1. Great Society2. Peace Corps3. New Federalism4. Dollar Diplomacy


President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs were similar to Progressive Era programs in that both

1. strictly enforced antitrust laws2. focused on expanding civil rights for African Americans3. used federal government power to improve social conditions4. made urban renewal their primary concern


The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan was an influential book in the 1960s because it

1. helped strengthen family values2. led directly to the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment3. energized a new women’s rights movement4. reinforced the importance of women’s traditional roles


A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was to

1. provide government aid to business2. end poverty in the United States3. conserve natural resources4. stop emigration from Latin America


The program that promotes preference in hiring for African Americans and other minorities to correct past injustices is known as

1. Title IX2. open admissions3. Head Start4. affirmative action


In 1965, Congress established Medicare to

1. provide health care to the elderly2. assist foreign nations with their health problems3. grant scholarships to medical students4. establish universal health care


34 . . . My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. . . .”-John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961 To implement the idea expressed in this statement, President Kennedy supported the

1. creation of the Marshall Plan2. formation of the Peace Corps3. removal of United States troops from Korea4. establishment of the South East Asia Treaty Organization


Lyric A: . . . Father, fatherWe don’t need to escalateYou see, war is not the answerFor only love can conquer hateYou know we’ve got to find a wayTo bring some lovin’ here today. . .— “What’s Going On,” Al Cleveland, MarvinGaye, Renaldo Benson, 1971

Lyric B: . . . Yeah, my blood’s so madFeels like coagulatin’I’m sittin’ here, just contemplatin’I can’t twist the truthIt knows no regulationHand full of senators don’t passlegislationAnd marches alone can’t bringintegrationWhen human respect is disintegratin’This whole crazy worldIs just too frustratin’. . .— “Eve of Destruction,” P.F. Sloan, 1965

Which conclusion is most clearly supported by an examination of these song lyrics?

1. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Americans shared common views on foreign policy.

2. Social conflict existed over war and civil rights in the 1960s and early 1970s.3. The music of the 1960s and early 1970s supported government policies.4. Most songwriters of the 1960s and early 1970s used their music to advocate

violent


The ratification of the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, was a result of the

1. participation of the United States in the Vietnam War2. fear of McCarthyism3. reaction to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union4. reporting of the Watergate scandal


A major goal of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program was to

1. control economic inflation2. end poverty in the United States3. repeal several New Deal social programs4. return responsibility for welfare programs to the states

7e: Nixon and Watergate

Nixon and Watergate: Question 1 of 17

In situations where the President is suspected of wrongdoing, such as the Watergate scandal, the official role of the House of Representatives is to

1. investigate and bring charges against the President2. conduct the impeachment trial3. provide attorneys to defend the President4. determine the punishment if the President is convicted


Which principle was most weakened as a result of the Watergate controversy?

1. congressional immunity2. executive privilege3. judicial review4. States' Rights


The main significance of the Watergate affair was that it

1. led to the impeachment and conviction of President Richard Nixon2. showed that the laws of the United States are superior to the actions of a

President3. was the first time a President had disagreed with Congress4. proved that Presidential powers are unlimited


The Presidency of Gerald Ford was different from all previous Presidencies because he was the first President who

1. won the office by running on a third-party ticket2. resigned from the office of the President3. ran for office as a nonpartisan candidate4. was not elected to either the Presidency or the Vice-Presidency


"President Nixon Plans Trip to China To Meet with Chairman Mao""President Carter Signs New Panama Canal Treaty""President Clinton Concludes Trade Agreement with Japan"

Each headline illustrates an action of a President fulfilling his role as

1. head of his political party2. Commander in Chief3. chief diplomat4. chief legislator


What is the main idea of this cartoon from the Watergate era?

1. The Supreme Court presides over a presidential impeachment trial.2. Congress has to obey the Constitution.3. The president has the final word involving constitutional issues.4. No person or group is above the law.


What was a lasting effect of the Watergate scandal under President Richard Nixon?

1. The system of checks and balances was weakened.2. The scope of executive privilege was broadened.3. Trust in elected officials was undermined.4. Presidential responsiveness to public opinion was lessened.


The easing of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1970s was called

1. containment2. détente3. neutrality4. isolationism


“I think it will be a safer world and a better world if we have a strong, healthy United States, Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan, each balancing the other, not playing one against the other, an even balance.” — Richard Nixon, 1972

President Nixon put this idea into practice by

1. expanding economic relations with communist nations2. abandoning his policy of détente3. declaring an end to the Korean War4. ending collective security agreements


What was a major result of the Watergate controversy?

1. Presidential veto power was expanded.2. The president resigned from office.3. Congressional power was reduced.4. The Supreme Court was weakened.


President Richard Nixon supported the policy of détente as a way to

1. reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union2. introduce democratic elections to communist nations3. encourage satellite nations to break their ties with the Soviet Union4. undermine Soviet influence among nonaligned countries in Africa and Asia


The main purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973 was to

1. expand the power of Congress to declare war2. limit the president’s ability to send troops into combat abroad3. allow people to vote on the issue of United States commitments overseas4. end the Vietnam War on favorable terms


The war in Vietnam led Congress to pass the War Powers Act of 1973 in order to

1. affirm United States support for the United Nations2. strengthen the policy of détente3. increase United States participation in international peacekeeping operations4. assert the role of Congress in the commitment of troops overseas


President Richard Nixon’s visit to the People’s Republic of China in 1972 was significant because it

1. convinced the Chinese to abandon communism2. brought about the unification of Taiwan and Communist China3. reduced tensions between the United States and Communist China4. decreased United States dependence on Chinese exports


An effect of the War Powers Act of 1973 was that

1. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) became more involved in world conflicts

2. the authority of the president as commander in chief was limited3. congressional approval was not needed when appropriating funds for the

military4. women were prevented from serving in combat roles during wartime


The main goal of President Richard Nixon’s foreign policy of détente was to

1. assure American victory in Vietnam2. resolve conflicts in the Middle East3. abolish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)4. improve relations with the Soviet Union


The primary purpose of President Richard Nixon’s policy of détente was to

1. expand United States military involvement in Southeast Asia2. assure an adequate supply of oil from the Middle East3. ease tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union4. maintain a favorable balance of trade with China

7f: Ford and Carter Presidencies

Ford & Carter Presidencies: Question 1 of 9

United States participation in the Washington Conference (1921), in the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), and in the SALT talks of the 1970’s is evidence that the United States

1. has followed a free trade policy for most of the 20th century2. relies on military alliances for defense against aggression3. has been willing to cooperate with other nations to reduce world tensions4. believes that cultural exchange programs are a way to promote international

understanding


Which statement is most accurate about the economy of the United States during the 1970’s and early 1980’s?

1. The increased cost of imported oil hurt economic growth.2. The Federal budget was balanced.3. Inflation declined sharply throughout these years .4. The number of jobs in farming increased while service jobs decreased.


The Camp David accords negotiated during President Jimmy Carter’s administration were an attempt to

1. decrease United States control of the Panama Canal2. encourage the use of solar and other nonpolluting energy sources3. end inflationary oil prices4. establish peace in the Middle East


The Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22 and the SALT talks of the 1970’s between the United States and the Soviet Union both reflect the belief that

1. civil wars within nations can create international hostilities2. escalating military buildups are one of the causes of war3. cultural exchange programs can reduce world tensions4. rivalry between nations over the control of natural resources is the major

cause of conflict


"President Nixon Plans Trip to China To Meet with Chairman Mao""President Carter Signs New Panama Canal Treaty""President Clinton Concludes Trade Agreement with Japan"




Which factor contributed most to inflation in the United States during the 1970s?

1. high tariffs2. oil embargoes3. tax increases4. high unemployment


“. . . Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the President and the Congress to govern. This difficult effort will be the ‘moral equivalent of war’— except that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not destroy. . . .”

— President Jimmy Carter Address to the Nation, April 18, 1977

President Carter put these ideas into practice by

1. halting construction of nuclear power plants2. increasing imports of foreign oil3. urging the development of alternative fuel sources4. imposing a price freeze on all petroleum products


Which foreign policy agreement had the most direct influence on the Middle East?

1. Kellogg-Briand Pact2. Yalta Conference declaration3. SALT I Treaty4. Camp David Accords


Which statement most accurately describes the main idea of this 1975 cartoon?

1. The press should not publish materials that damage the reputation of public officials.

2. The government is improperly hiding information from the public.3. Government should restrict the publication of sensitive materials.4. Libraries are making too many government reports open to the public.

7g Reagan and New Federalism

Reagan & New Federalism: Question 1 of 9

The "supply side" economics of President Ronald Reagan and President George Bush favored

1. raising tariffs to increase the number of imports2. increasing Federal taxes to support social welfare programs3. providing incentives to stimulate business growth4. establishing government programs to provide jobs for the unemployed


According to the supply-side economics principles promoted by President Ronald Reagan, economic growth would occur when

1. corporate business taxes were reduced2. business was regulated by antitrust legislation3. unemployment benefits were increased4. investment in capital goods was decreased


In the United States, industrial unions of the 1880’s and of the 1980’s had similar goals in that both campaigned for

1. national health insurance2. better unemployment insurance3. greater job security and higher wages4. wage and price freezes


In 1988, Congress voted to pay $20,000 to each of the surviving Americans of Japanese descent who were interned during World War II because

1. the danger of war with Japan no longer existed2. all of the interned Japanese Americans eventually became American citizens3. the World Court ordered the United States to pay reparations4. many Americans believed the internment was unjust and unnecessary


A primary reason for the increase in federal debt between 1980 and 1996 was

1. the cost of sending United States troops to Bosnia2. instability of the stock market3. lower sales tax revenues collected by state governments4. high levels of spending by the federal government


During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan used the ideas of supply-side economics to justify

1. increases in social welfare spending2. expansion of the Social Security program3. tax cuts for businesses4. reductions in military spending


A major goal of the Republican Party since the 1980s has been to

1. increase welfare benefits2. increase the size of the federal workforce3. reduce defense spending4. cut federal taxes


A major policy of President Ronald Reagan’s administration was to

1. reduce defense spending2. lower federal income tax rates3. end desegregation of public facilities4. promote regulation of small businesses


President Ronald Reagan’s supply-side economic policy was successful in

1. increasing government spending on social programs2. lowering tax rates on personal and business income3. reducing defense spending4. enforcing stricter environmental regulations

7h 1990’s and The New World Order

1990's & The New World Order: Question 1 of 25

One important conclusion that can be drawn as a result of the United States experience in both the Spanish-American War (1898) and the Persian Gulf War (1991) is that

1. only the President should decide issues of war and peace2. the media are a powerful influence in shaping American public opinion

toward war3. the public has little confidence in the ability of the American military4. international organizations play a decisive role in determining the outcome of

a war


For the United States, the breakup of the Soviet Union has had the greatest effect on

1. import quotas2. immigration policies3. advances in technology

4. defense spending


One direct result of the Persian Gulf War was that the United States

1. gained control of oil resources in the Middle East2. liberated Kuwait from Iraqi control3. brought about peaceful relations between Israel and its neighbors4. obtained overseas colonies in the Middle East


Since the Russian people rejected communism in the early 1990’s, the United States has provided support to the new nation by

1. creating a military alliance with Russia2. destroying most United States nuclear weapons3. opposing the independence of the other Russian republics4. giving foreign aid to Russia in the form of low-interest loans


The growth of modern technology has resulted in

1. a decrease in the population of the world2. increasing interdependence among nations3. a growing need for unskilled labor4. a sharp decline in the need for oil and coal


In the United States in the 1990’s, cuts in defense spending have been proposed because

1. Japan has assumed the peacekeeping responsibilities of the United Nations2. military technology has become less expensive

3. the United States has returned to an isolationist foreign policy4. communist governments in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have

collapsed


The main reason that the United States sent troops to Bosnia in 1995 was to try to

1. bring a peaceful end to a civil war2. contain the spread of communism3. take over the area as a protectorate4. resettle refugees in North America


The Korean War and the Persian Gulf War were similar in that both

1. represented United Nations efforts to assist nations in repelling aggressors2. involved unilateral military action by the United States3. were military defeats for the United Nations4. brought about lasting solutions to problems in each region


One similarity between the Korean War and the Persian Gulf War is that in each conflict the

1. United States attempted to limit traffic through the Suez Canal2. sentimet of the American public turned against the conflict3. United Nations took action to halt the aggression4. dictators of North Korea and Iraq were removed from office


According to the cartoon, how was the United States in the 1990s similar to the United States in the 1890s?

1. Little need existed for government regulation2. Investment in the stock market decreased3. The price of petroleum products decreased4. Business consolidation was accepted practice


What is the main idea of this 1997 cartoon?

1. Investors believe the stock market may crash in the near future.2. Illegal aliens are trying to come to the United States in record numbers.3. Workers still suffer from dangerous conditions on the job.4. Workers are being laid off to keep corporate profits high.


What is the main idea of this cartoon about President Bill Clinton?

1. Positive economic conditions helped maintain his high approval ratings.2. Voter approval of the president declined due to flaws in his character.3. He did not deserve credit for the economic prosperity of the nation.4. The American public considered personal character the most important trait

of a president in the 1990s.


This 1991 cartoon is criticizing President George Bush for

1. refusing to support the United Nations2. involving the United States in foreign wars3. using foreign affairs to hide domestic failures4. ignoring the economic needs of developing nations


President Bill Clinton’s decision to send troops to Bosnia in 1995 and to participate in the bombing of Kosovo in 1999 were both in response to international concern over

1. trade agreement violations2. access to world oil reserves3. human rights violations4. monetary policies


President Bill Clinton supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) primarily as a way to

1. normalize trade relations with Cuba2. stimulate economic growth in the United States3. restrict the flow of drugs into the United States4. increase the United States trade deficit


Support for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) reflected the United States commitment to

1. globalization2. Manifest Destiny3. collective security4. isolationism


Which situation faced by President Bill Clinton is expressed in the cartoon?

1. Impeachment hampered his ability to carry out programs.2. International problems interfered with domestic policy goals.3. Health care costs took away funds needed for peacekeeping commitments.4. Budget deficits prevented military action in world trouble spots.


“Clinton Offers Economic Aid to Russia” “U.S. Sends Peacekeeping Troops to Bosnia” “U.S. Airlifts Food and Medicine to Somalia” These headlines illustrate that United States foreign policy during the 1990s stressed

1. containment2. collective security3. global involvement4. neutrality


Which statement is most clearly supported by the information in the graph?

1. More children were under age 6 in 1990 than in 1950.2. Since 1990, women have made up more than half of the workforce.3. The gap between male and female incomes has declined.4. Fewer women are staying home to raise their young children.


A candidate for public office would likely conclude from a study of this graph that the public would favor increased government support for

1. additional foreign aid2. health care facilities3. child day-care centers4. colleges and universities


In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the Persian Gulf War was to

1. maintain the flow of trade through the Suez Canal2. fulfill military obligations as a member of the North American Free Trade

Agreement (NAFTA)3. contain the spread of communism in the Middle East4. assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies


In the United States, support for the passage and expansion of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been strongest among

1. labor unions2. environmentalists3. big business4. farmers


The point of view expressed in this cartoon is that

1. President and Mrs. Clinton have made Chicago their new home2. President Clinton supports adoption over abortion

3. Republican issues should not be part of the Democratic National Convention4. Democrats sometimes support traditionally Republican issues


The beginning of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe is most closely associated with the

1. fall of the Berlin Wall2. admission of Warsaw Pact nations to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO)3. intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Yugoslavia4. formation of the European Union


Data from the graphs most clearly support the conclusion that by the mid-1990s, American women as a group

1. surpassed men in the number of businesses owned and law degrees received2. had given up marriage in favor of careers outside the home3. had gained more opportunities in professional areas4. earned more than men in the legal profession

7i: Current Issues

Current Issues: Question 1 of 54

Which trend has reflected the increasing pluralism in United States society in recent years?

1. a decrease in immigration from Latin America2. growing demands for unskilled labor3. new efforts by public schools to teach about ethnic heritages4. failure of Congress to approve appointments of women and minority groups

to Federal courts


The goal of current Federal Government policies toward Native Americans is to

1. make Native Americans more dependent on the Federal Government2. give the states more control over Native American affairs3. eliminate tribal ties and customs4. give Native Americans more control over their own affairs


Which statement best summarizes economic conditions in the United States since the end of World War II?

1. The economy has been in a depression for most of the period.2. The United States has had the world’s highest unemployment rate.3. The United States has come to depend more heavily on imports to meet its

economic needs.4. The legal minimum wage has steadily declined.


In the United States, most new jobs created during the 1980’s were jobs that

1. were classified as managerial2. provided services rather than produced goods3. depended on heavy manufacturing4. were farm related


Which is the most valid conclusion that may be drawn from the study of population patterns in the United States today?

1. Most of the population is concentrated in and around large urban centers.2. The number of ethnic groups has declined.3. The population of the South has continued to decline.4. The Northeast is the fastest growing region in the nation.


Which statement is an opinion rather than a fact?

1. Penalties for crimes vary from state to state.2. Most European nations no longer use capital punishment.3. Most murders in the United States occur within families or among

acquaintances.4. Executions are a major deterrent to violent crime.


In the last 20 years, the use of automation in United States industry has led to

1. a shortage of consumer goods2. increased union membership3. the lowering of the legal minimum wage4. increased unemployment among unskilled workers


WASHINGTON, Dec 4-Supporters of limits on Congressional terms gathered in the nation’s capital today Limiting the number of years that members of Congress could serve to 12 years -- six terms for House members and two terms for senators -- would force more competition into the system. . . supporters of term limits said this year’s elections, with a 96 percent re-election rate in the House, showed how hard it was for even an angry electorate to defeat incumbents. -- The New York Times, December 1990 The major reason for increased support for the change discussed in the article is the public’s belief that

1. most current members of Congress have taken bribes2. the President’s political party should have a majority in Congress3. political disputes in Congress would be reduced4. the democratic process would be strengthened


Raising import duties on foreign manufactured goods is an example of

1. technological competition2. supporting free trade3. lowering inflation4. economic protectionism


Since 1980, relations between Japan and the United States have been most influenced by the

1. imbalance of trade between the two nations2. refusal of the United States to accept Japanese technology

3. immigration restrictions imposed by the Gentlemen’s Agreement4. construction of Japanese military bases in the Pacific area


The widespread use of computers has led to a national concern over

1. increased pollution of the environment2. guarding the right to privacy3. protection of the right to petition4. a decline in television viewing


A study of voting patterns in the United States today indicates that

1. the United States has a low voter turnout2. urban areas have higher voter turnouts than suburban areas do3. people who live in poverty tend to have a high voter turnout4. 18- to 25-year-old voters are more likely to vote than senior citizens are


Which statement about public education in the United States is most accurate?

1. The Federal Government controls but does not fund education.2. The problems that affect other segments of American society seldom affect

education.3. Education is largely controlled and financed by state governments and local

communities.4. High school enrollments have decreased over the last 100 years.


During the 1990’s, which issue has led to the greatest tension between the United States and Japan?

1. immigration quotas2. use of natural resources3. trade policies4. military preparedness


What is the main criticism of affirmative action in recent years?

1. The program has been extremely costly to the Federal Government.2. Hiring quotas for minorities may have denied opportunities to other qualified

persons.3. Very few minority persons have been hired.4. Most state governments have been unwilling to enforce the program.


A study of the women’s movement in the United States would show that

1. the National Government granted rights to women long before state governments did

2. the gains made by women usually took considerable periods of time3. women received voting rights before African-American males did4. wartime employment slowed progress toward gender equality


The major political parties in the United States obtain most of their national campaign funds from

1. the personal fortunes of the candidates2. state and local taxes3. funds appropriated by Congress4. the contributions of individuals and special-interest groups


Which characteristic of the American frontier continues to be an important part of life in the United States today?

1. widespread support for the Populist Party2. necessity for families to have many children3. a predominantly agricultural and mining economy4. significant opportunities for social and economic mobility


How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis (1890) The Jungle, Upton Sinclair (1906) The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck (1939) Unsafe at Any Speed, Ralph Nader (1965)

What has been the impact of these authors and their books on American society?

1. Most Americans have developed a preference for escapist and romantic literature.

2. Most American authors have adopted a conservative viewpoint3. American business has corrected poor conditions quickly.4. These works have had significant influence on social, political, and economic

reforms.


In United States history, the phrase "a government of laws, not of men" has been used to express the idea that

1. sexism should legally be ended2. all laws should apply equally to all persons3. government should interfere as little as possi-ble in people’s lives4. newly elected government Leaders should not be allowed to initiate changes

in the law


"President Nixon Plans Trip to China To Meet with Chairman Mao""President Carter Signs New Panama Canal Treaty"

"President Clinton Concludes Trade Agreement with Japan"




Which statement about immigration to the United States is most accurate?

1. The desire for economic advancement has been a major reason for immigration to the United States

2. The ethnic mix of immigrants to the United States has remained mostly unchanged.

3. The number of immigrants has remained constant in each decade during most of United States history.

4. Nearly all immigrants have easily assimilated into American culture.


Why are fewer farms needed in the United States economy today than were needed in 1900?

1. Most foods are now imported.2. Most farmland has been turned into suburbs.3. The use of technology has raised agricultural productivity.4. The total population is declining.


Data from the graphs support the conclusion that between 1960 and 1990

1. the government failed in its efforts at recycling2. the amount of waste that was recycled increased3. most people favor mandatory recycling efforts4. efforts to recycle waste decreased steadily


What is the main idea of this cartoon?

1. Senators spend too much time talking and not enough time passing new laws.2. Additional limits on campaign spending are needed.3. The salaries of United States senators are too high.4. Only a wealthy individual can campaign for a seat in Congress.


The development of nuclear weapons by India and Pakistan has been criticized by the United States government because

1. India and Pakistan are allies of Russia2. India and Pakistan have threatened to use these weapons against the United

States3. the United States insists on maintaining its nuclear capability4. the spread of nuclear weapons threatens all humankind


The aging of the baby boom generation will most likely result in

1. an increase in Social Security spending2. a decrease in health care costs3. a decrease in infant mortality in the United States4. a balanced federal budget


Population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the number of

1. states in the Union2. senators from each state3. electoral college votes from each state4. Supreme Court justices


What did the federal government propose to address the problem suggested by the graph?

1. creation of a national one-child policy2. expansion of the Medicare program3. development of a national child-care program for working parents4. elimination of Social Security benefits for Americans over the age of 85


Which change in the demographic pattern of the United States is currently contributing most to the problems facing the Social Security system?

1. aging of the baby boomers2. shorter life span of the elderly3. migration to the Sunbelt4. decline in the rate of immigration


The cartoonist is critical of computers mainly because

1. important personal records are frequently lost2. personal information may no longer be private3. computers are becoming more difficult to use

4. computer technology becomes obsolete too quickly


Social scientists use the expression “the graying of America” to describe the

1. aging of the nation’s population2. declining political power of older Americans3. possible failure of the Social Security System4. increasing number of babies born to older couples


What is the main idea of this cartoon?

1. Americans fail to adequately support the expenses of political candidates.2. Campaign advertising has no influence on voter turnout.3. Campaign costs are a major cause of the national debt.4. High campaign costs negatively affect the political process.


This cartoon from the disputed presidential election of 2000 suggests that the winner might

1. lack strong popular support for his programs2. easily win reelection in 20043. succeed in fulfilling his campaign promises4. be unable to claim victory in the electoral college


The changes shown in the graph support the recent concerns of Americans about the

1. future of Social Security and Medicare2. return to an agrarian society3. surplus of health care workers4. shortage of schools and colleges


What Native American Indian viewpoint does the cartoonist support?

1. Illegal immigrants should not be allowed to settle on Native American Indian reservations.

2. European settlers took Native American Indian land.3. Government efforts to restrict immigration should be supported.4. Native American Indians support government efforts to stop illegal

immigration.


During the next 30 years, what will be the most likely impact of the baby boom that followed World War II?

1. More money will be spent on national defense.2. The cost of health care will decrease.3. Social Security will have to provide for increasing numbers of retired people.4. The elderly will be the smallest segment of the population.


According to the cartoonist, the United States has

1. an ethnically diverse population2. an overly restrictive immigration policy3. a national requirement that high school students learn foreign languages4. a census report printed in languages that are spoken in the United States


The cartoonist is trying to encourage American consumers to consider that

1. the United States buys more from Japan than Japan buys from the United States

2. cars produced in the United States are often inferior to foreign-made automobiles

3. single purchases of automobiles do not have an impact on calculating foreign trade balances

4. automobile dealerships in the United States should offer more incentives for purchasing American-made cars


In this cartoon, what is the main concern of the cartoonist?

1. The technology needed to run the federal government is too expensive.2. Consumers should be protected from false advertising in the media.3. Technology makes it easier to influence legislators.4. The government is unable to safeguard the privacy of Internet users.


How were the presidential elections of 1876 and 2000 similar?

1. The winner of the popular vote lost the electoral vote.2. Third-party candidates did not affect the outcome.3. The outcome of the election was decided by Congress.4. The winner was decided by the Supreme Court.


Which situation can be inferred from the population trend shown on the graph?

1. In the 1980s, more new schools were needed than in the early 1960s.2. In the 1970s, there was increased migration to the northeast.3. In the 1980s, the number of baby boomers was recognized as a threat to the future of

Social Security benefits.

4. In the 1990s, death rates increased.


Information on the graph shows that the birthrate peaked in

1. 19402. 19473. 19574. 1970


The dispute over counting Florida voter ballots in the presidential election of 2000 was settled by

1. an order of the governor of Florida2. an agreement between the candidates3. a vote of the United States Senate4. a United States Supreme Court decision


As the average age of the nation’s population increases, there will be a need to

1. create more child care facilities2. address the financing of Medicare3. increase the number of public schools4. reform immigration laws


Which criticism of the electoral college system is illustrated by the information in the table?

1. Presidential electors frequently do not vote for the person they were pledged to support.

2. A person can win the presidency without winning the most popular votes.3. The vote of the people in each state has little relationship to the election

outcome.4. Minor-party candidates often receive too many electoral votes.


Which change is most often proposed to correct the problem shown by the table?

1. adopt a constitutional amendment to elect the president by popular vote2. pass a law requiring state electors to vote for the candidate with the most

popular votes3. place limits on the number of political parties allowed in presidential elections4. allow the elected members of Congress to select the president


What was a direct result of the census of 2000?

1. Personal income tax rates were changed.2. New United States District Courts were created.3. Seats in the House of Representatives were reapportioned.4. The number of United States Senators was increased.


What is the main idea of the cartoon?

1. Airline technology has resulted in more efficient service.2. Reduced competition in the airline industry has hurt the consumer.3. A growing economy has led to the start-up of new airlines.4. An increase in the number of airlines has led to computer malfunctions.


The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) have encouraged countries to

1. participate in the global economy2. create a uniform international currency3. accept similar wage and price controls4. regulate multinational corporations


“Influence of Political Action Committees Continues to Rise” “Republicans and Democrats Spend over $100 Million in 2000 Presidential Election” “Senate Passes Campaign Finance Reform Act” What is the central issue of these headlines?

1. Republicans and Democrats spend equal amounts of money2. American citizens pay high taxes to support presidential campaigns3. Money has a strong impact on the American political process4. Candidates spend much of their own money on political campaigns


Which issue is the central focus of this cartoon drawn after September 11, 2001?

1. Is there a need to give up some civil liberties to protect the nation?2. Should the United States reduce oil imports from the Middle East?3. Does the United States need fewer limits on immigration?4. Should the United States abandon the Constitution?


Information from the table supports the conclusion that the

1. population of the United States is increasing2. center of population is moving eastward3. distribution of House seats follows shifts in population4. number of senators will soon increase


Which conclusion about life expectancy at age 65 is most clearly supported by the information in the graph?

1. Life expectancies for men and women are likely to remain the same.2. Life expectancy rates for men show a steady decline since 1980.3. By 2040, the life expectancy of men will exceed that of women.4. Current life expectancy exceeds age 80 for both men and women.

8a Cross Topical

Cross Topical: Question 1 of 12

Which is a valid conclusion based on a study of the presidencies of Thomas Jefferson and Franklin D. Roosevelt?

1. Strong third parties develop when the two major parties ignore popular demands.

2. Presidential success depends mainly on a sympathetic Supreme Court.3. Economic crisis can force a President to suspend basic civil liberties.4. A President’s political program may change in the face of current needs.


The power of the Presidency has increased in the 20th century mainly because

1. Congress has granted much of its authority to the President2. events have often required the personal diplomacy and leadership of the

President3. constitutional amendments have increased the power of the executive branch4. Supreme Court rulings have enhanced Presidential authority


The reason for ending the importation of enslaved persons to the United States after 1807 was the

1. success of the American colonial revolution against Britain2. rapid industrialization of the South3. replacement of slave labor by immigrant workers from eastern Europe4. passage of legislation that forbids the practice


One similarity between the actions of Samuel Gompers and Cesar Chavez is that both leaders

1. organized workers to strive for better conditions2. relied on the use of force to gain minority rights3. advocated federal regulation of railroad rates4. worked to improve consumer product safety


One similarity in the presidential administrations of Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Lyndon Johnson is that each

1. maintained a foreign policy of neutrality2. expanded the power of the presidency3. removed Supreme Court Justices from office4. decreased the size of the military


The Pacific [Transcontinental] Railway Act (1862) and the Interstate Highway Act (1956) are both examples of

1. federally supported internal improvement projects linking the nation2. regional construction projects coordinated by southern and western states3. military projects required to meet the needs of the defense industry4. transportation legislation designed to encourage foreign trade


Mark Twain, Langston Hughes, and John Steinbeck made their most important contributions to the United States in the field of

1. music2. politics3. literature4. business


One way in which the New Deal, the Fair Deal, and the Great Society are similar is that these programs

1. promoted the idea of “rugged individualism”2. increased government commitment to the well-being of the people3. reduced the amount of money spent on domestic programs4. encouraged the states to take a more active role in national defense


One way in which Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, and Woodrow Wilson are similar is that each

1. expanded presidential powers2. reduced the size of the federal bureaucracy3. faced congressional investigations over the handling of the military4. used his power as commander in chief to send troops overseas to fight a war


Which of these trials established the principle that leaders of a nation may be tried for crimes against humanity?

1. Scopes2. Rosenberg3. Sacco and Vanzetti4. Nuremberg


One similarity between the laws being challenged in the United States Supreme Court cases of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Korematsu v. United States (1944) is that

1. specific groups of people were being targeted based on race or ethnicity2. state laws were declared unconstitutional3. immigrants were relocated to prison camps4. federal laws segregating public transportation were upheld


Which list of wars that involved the United States is in the correct chronological order?

1. Vietnam War → War on Terrorism → Korean War → World War II2. Korean War → World War II → Vietnam War → War on Terrorism3. World War II → Vietnam War → War on Terrorism → Korean War4. World War II → Korean War → Vietnam War → War on Terrorism

Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Landmark Supreme Court Cases: Question 1 of 36

Which idea is illustrated by the Supreme Court cases Schenck v. United States andKorematsu v . United States?

1. The free speech rights of Communists have often been violated.2. During wartime, limitations on civil rights have been upheld by judicial

action.3. The rights of protestors have been preserved even in times of national stress.4. Economic interests of foreign nations are frequently upheld in United States

courts.


The Dred Scott decision on the issue of slavery upheld the Southern viewpoint that

1. the power of the Supreme Court does not extend to cases of race2. Congress could not pass a law depriving territorial residents of their property3. a national vote should be held to decide the legality of slavery4. the economic well-being of the western states depended on slave labor


The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Escobedo v. Illinois all advanced the

1. voting rights of minorities2. guarantees of free speech and press3. principle of separation of church and state4. rights of accused persons


An immediate result of the Supreme Court decision in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1936) was that

1. some aspects of the New Deal were declared unconstitutional2. State governments took over relief agencies3. ) Congress was forced to abandon efforts to improve the economy4. the constitutional authority of the President was greatly expanded


Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court was considered "activist" because of its

1. reluctance to overturn state laws2. insistence on restricting freedom of speech to spoken words3. expansion of individual rights in criminal cases4. refusal to reconsider the issues of the Plessy v. Ferguson case


The "clear and present danger" ruling of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United Statesillustrates the continuing conflict between

1. free speech and governmental authority2. the use of search warrants and the rights of the accused3. state powers and Federal powers4. religious freedom and separation of church and state


“The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic." -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes ”Which interpretation of the Bill of Rights does this statement illustrate?

1. The needs of the government are more important than civil liberties.2. Constitutional protections of liberty are not absolute.3. The Supreme Court can eliminate freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights.

4. The Bill of Rights does not safeguard individual liberties.


Which generalization is consistent with the ruling of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States?

1. The freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are virtually unlimited2. Government has the right to suspend any rights at any time.3. Individual rights can be limited in the national interest4. The balance between individual rights and the general social welfare almost

always favors individual rights.


The significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison is that the decision

1. advanced civil rights for minorities2. upheld the constitutionality of a national bank3. limited Presidential control of foreign policy4. established the power of judicial review


"Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."-Brown v. Board of Education

The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to

1. establish affirmative action programs in higher education2. require the integration of public schools3. desegregate the armed forces and the military academies4. force states to spend an equal amount on each public school student


The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the power of the

1. House of Representatives to impeach the president2. Congress to override a presidential veto3. president to veto congressional legislation4. Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws


What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835?

1. The system of slavery was weakened.2. The federal government was strengthened.3. The rights of workers were supported.4. Antitrust laws were upheld.


Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Miranda v. Arizona affected individual liberties by

1. eliminating the poll tax as a voting requirement2. preventing the use of organized prayer in public schools3. requiring equal pay for men and women performing the same job4. expanding the constitutional rights of people accused of crimes


As a result of the Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona (1966), a person accused of a crime is entitled to

1. a speedy trial2. reasonable bail

3. a reading of his or her rights at the time of arrest4. protection against cruel or unusual punishment


The Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainright, and Miranda v. Arizona all expanded

1. integration of public facilities2. rights of the accused3. presidential powers4. equality in the workplace


The police enter an individual’s home without invitation or a warrant and seize evidence to be used against the individual. Which Supreme Court decision may be used to rule this evidence inadmissible in court?

1. Baker v. Carr2. Gideon v. Wainwright3. Mapp v. Ohio4. Roe v. Wade


The Supreme Court decisions in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) have been criticized because these rulings

1. expanded the rights of the accused2. granted more powers to federal judges3. lengthened prison sentences for the guilty4. reinstated the use of capital punishment


The case of John Peter Zenger (1735) and New York Times Co. v. United States

(1971) both involved a government’s attempt to limit

1. freedom of religion2. freedom of the press3. the right to bear arms4. the right to counsel


The Supreme Court cases of Tinker v. Des Moines and New Jersey v. TLO involved the issue of

1. freedom of the press2. the rights of students in school3. freedom of religion4. the rights of prison inmates


The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Tinker v. Des Moines and New York Times Co. v. United States were based on interpretations of the

1. meaning of a republican form of government2. powers delegated specifically to Congress3. president’s right to executive privilege4. rights guaranteed by the 1st amendment


The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) was based on the constitutional principle of

1. protection of property rights2. freedom of speech3. right to privacy4. freedom of religion


The Supreme Court decisions in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) and United States v. Nixon (1974) reinforced the principle that the president of the United States

1. has unlimited use of the veto power2. is protected from unfair media criticism3. may not be convicted of a crime4. is not above the law


“We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

—Brown v. Board of Education(1954)Which constitutional idea was the basis for this Supreme Court decision?

1. protection against double jeopardy2. equal protection of the law3. freedom of speech4. right of assembly


In the 1960s, Supreme Court decisions in the cases Miranda v. Arizona and Gideon v. Wainwright specifically protected the rights of

1. the accused2. women3. military veterans

4. persons with disabilities


The Jim Crow legal system, which expanded in the South after Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), was based on the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the

1. due process clause of the 5th Amendment2. states’ rights provision of the 10th Amendment3. equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment4. voting rights provision in the 15th Amendment


“We conclude that in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. . . .”

— Chief Justice Earl Warren, Brownv. Board of Education of Topeka

This quotation illustrates the Supreme Court’s power to

1. uphold previous decisions2. overrule state laws3. check the powers of the executive branch4. provide for educational funding


In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court ruled that

1. states may not secede from the Union2. racial segregation was constitutional3. slaves are property and may not be taken from their owners

4. all western territories should be open to slavery


Which headline illustrates the use of judicial review?

1. “Congress Passes a Civil Rights Bill”2. “Conference Committee Meets to Finalize Budget”3. “New York State’s Reapportionment Plan Ruled Unconstitutional”4. “President Signs SALT Agreement with Russia”


The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States (1919) stated that

1. immigrants have limited rights2. freedom of speech is not absolute3. rights of the accused may not be limited4. women should be granted suffrage


The cartoonist is commenting on public reaction to the Supreme Court decision that

1. restricted attendance in churches2. mandated home-based prayer

3. declared school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional4. banned public observance of religious holidays


In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that persons convicted of crimes had been

1. denied due process of law2. denied a speedy and public trial3. victimized by illegal search and seizure4. sentenced to cruel and unusual punishment


The Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) helped to increase sectional conflict because the decision

1. denied Congress the power to regulate slavery in the territories2. allowed for the importation of enslaved persons for ten years3. prohibited slavery in lands west of the Mississippi River4. gave full citizenship to all enslaved persons


The Supreme Court cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) dealt with the constitutional principle of

1. freedom of religion2. freedom from unreasonable search3. separation of powers

4. rights of the accused


Many of the decisions made by the Supreme Court while John Marshall was Chief Justice led directly to

1. a reduction of federal influence in economic affairs2. an increase in the power of the federal government over the states3. a greater role for Congress in foreign policy4. a limitation on slavery in the states


In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court decided that a “clear and present danger” to the country allowed the federal government to

1. establish a peacetime draft2. restrict first amendment rights3. suspend habeas corpus4. limit minority voting rights


One similarity between the laws being challenged in the United States Supreme Court cases of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Korematsu v. United States (1944) is that

1. specific groups of people were being targeted based on race or ethnicity2. state laws were declared unconstitutional3. immigrants were relocated to prison camps4. federal laws segregating public transportation were upheld

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€¦ · Web view14.06.2011 · Yeah, my blood’s so madFeels like coagulatin’I’m sittin’ here, just contemplatin’I can’t twist the truthIt knows no regulationHand full