1.3 Pathogens8/24/10 4:29 PM
Objectives:
(a) Characteristics of living organisms
1.1 Understand that living organisms share the following basic
characteristics
· they require nutrition
· they respire
· they excrete their waste
· they respond to their surroundings
· they move
· they control their internal conditions
· they reproduce
· they grow and develop.
(b) Variety of living organisms
1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the
five main groups and for each group describe examples and their
features.
· Plants
· Animals
· Fungi
· Bacteria
· Protoctists
· Viruses
1.3 Recall the term ‘pathogen’ and know that pathogens may be
fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
Variety of living organisms
understand that there is a wide variety of living organisms and
that modern biology classifies organisms on the basis of their
structure and how they function
1. The nature and variety of living Organisms8/24/10 4:29 PM
Objective:
1.1 Understand that living organisms share 8 basic
characteristics
Reference:
EDEXCEL BOOK: Pg. 1 Life processes
Cambridge Pg. 11.1 “All Living things have certain
characteristics”.
M
R
Sensitivity (respond to stimuli – are sensitive to changes in
their surroundings)
Homeostasis (control - their internal conditions)
G
R
E
N
Activities
Discussion on each of the basic characteristics above for both
Plants and Animals.
Complete the table to briefly describe each of the life
processes for both a plant and animal.
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Homework
Worksheet: “Life Processes”
1.1 Characteristics of Life8/24/10 4:29 PM
Objective:
1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the
five main groups and for each group describe examples and their
features.
· Plants
· Animals
· Fungi
· Bacteria
· Protoctista
· Viruses
Reference:
NEW: EDEXCEL BOOK: Pg 16-22 Chapter 2: The Variety of Living
Organisms
OLD: Cambridge Pg. 182-183
Plants
(Photosynthesis)
Plant Kingdom Characteristics
Animals
Animal Kingdom Characteristics
Fungi
Fungi Kingdom Characteristics
Bacteria
The diagram above shows the structure of a bacterial cell as
seen using an electron microscope.
Name the parts labelled:
A:
B:
C:
Bacteria Kingdom Characteristics
Protoctista
Protoctista Kingdom Characteristics
e.g. Amoeba
e.g. Chlorella
e.g. Plasmodium
Viruses
Virus Characteristics
EXTENSION: MORE EXAM QUESTIONS CAN BE FOUND ON PAGE 22 OF
EDEXCEL BIOLOGY
This information comes directly from the specification and so
gives a good guide to the level of detail required:
Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain
chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis; their cells
have cellulose cell walls; they store carbohydrates as starch or
sucrose
Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example
maize), and a herbaceous legume (for example peas or beans)
Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not
contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out photosynthesis;
they have no cell walls; they usually have nervous coordination and
are able to move from one place to another; they often store
carbohydrate as glycogen
Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for
example housefly and mosquito)
Fungi: These are organisms that are not able to carry out
photosynthesis; their body is usually organised into a mycelium
made from thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many
nuclei; some examples are single-celled; their cells have walls
made of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive
enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products;
this is known as saprotrophic nutrition; they may store
carbohydrate as glycogen
Examples include Mucor, which has the typical fungal hyphal
structure, and yeast, which is single-celled
Bacteria: These are microscopic single-celled organisms; they
have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids; they lack
a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA; some bacteria
can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other living or dead
organisms
Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod-shaped
bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk, and
Pneumococcus, a spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen
causing pneumonia
Protoctists: These are microscopic single-celled organisms.
Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an
animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and
are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium,
responsible for causing malaria
Viruses: These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they
are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living cells; they
infect every type of living organism. They have a wide variety of
shapes and sizes; they have no cellular structure but have a
protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or
RNA
Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes
discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the
formation of chloroplasts, the influenza virus that causes ‘flu’
and the HIV virus that causes AIDS
1.2 Kingdoms8/24/10 4:29 PM
1.3 Recall the term ‘pathogen’ and know that pathogens may be
fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
Ref:
EDEXCEL BOOK: Page 20 Below Fig 2.12
Cambridge Pg. 135 13.3 “A pathogen is an organism which causes
disease.
Search the internet for common diseases caused by :
Fungi
Bacteria
Protoctists
Viruses
