weapons Factories POF

August 6, 2015 [INTERNSHIP REPORT]

POF [Weapons] Page 1

Internship Report

Pakistan Ordnance Factories

Raheel

[email protected]

August 23, 2015

mailto:[email protected]



Internship Report

Introduction

Weapons Factory of Pakistan Ordnance Factories is the biggest industrial complex in

Pakistan. The demands are mainly from the armed forces but in some cases other domestic

dealers have contacted POF for weapon supplying.

The weapons factory manufactures parts of a weapon, machining of the parts, finishing of

the parts, fitting or assembly of the weapon and proof testing of the weapon in a closed and

safe environment. The shops visited, in our one week of internship in the weapons factory,

are as follows:

o C-24 (Press and Welding Shop)

o C-23 (Barrel Shop)

o C-26 (Plastic Shop)

o C-20 (Woodwork Shop)

o C-22 (Machine Shop)

o C-21 (Heat Treatment Plant)

o B-20 (Assembly and Proofing Shop)

o B-22 (CNC Shop)

The manufacturing of some weapons were presently taking place but this factory does

manufacture, assemble and test for weapons such as:

o SMG - PK1

o SMG – PK

o MP5 P3

o MP5 A2

o POF EYE

o AZB (DMR)

o SMG PK (7.62 x 51 mm)

o G3A3

o MG3

o POF – 4 Pistol

o POF – 5 Pistol

o .308 Win Sportier



C-24 (Press and Welding Shop)

The processes that take place from sheet metal to finished byproduct in this shop

are Shearing, Blanking, Bending, Piercing, Stamping and Bending, Piercing and Cutting,

Trimming, Bending, Folding Front, Folding Rear, Final Piercing and Stamping. In this order

the processes take place. Some processes are repeated using the same machinery but

different punch and die or geometry and dimensions.

The machines that perform these processes are as follows:

Welding

Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials by causing coalescence. This

is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten

material that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction

with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld.

Oxyacetylene Welding and Cutting is relatively inexpensive and simple, generally

employing the combustion of acetylene in oxygen to produce a welding flame temperature of

about 3100 °C. The flame, since it is less concentrated than an electric arc, causes slower

weld cooling, which can lead to greater residual stresses and weld distortion, though it

eases the welding of high alloy steels. A similar process, generally called oxy-fuel cutting, is

used to cut metals.

Spot Welding is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the

heat obtained from resistance to electric current flow. Work-pieces are held together under

pressure exerted by electrodes. Typically the sheets are in the 0.5 to 3 mm thickness range.

The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current into a

small "spot" and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together. Forcing a large current

through the spot will melt the metal and form the weld.

Drilling Machine

The processes of drilling and boring take place on this machine. The difference between

drilling and boring is that when a hole is made all the way through the work piece it is known as

drilling otherwise it is known as boring. Drill bits of different sizes are present and are fitted into the

machine manually according to the requirement of the hole diameter. The work piece is held in place

using a vice or using T-slots.



Press Machine

The press machine uses press tool which mainly consist of a punch and die of the

desired geometry. There are presses ranging from one ton to nine hundred ton press load

capacity. There are two types of presses present; Hydraulic and Pneumatic Press. The

hydraulic press having greater accuracy due to the application of load gradually results in

accurate processing. Thus the hydraulic press is preferred instead of pneumatic when

making parts having delicate geometry. The process occurring on this machine are notching,

bending, piercing etc.

So as to prevent the work piece from breaking in the press machine, annealing is

done. This softens the material, as it is heated and then cooled. After the processes have

taken place they are fed into the tumbling machine. The vibratory and rotator tumblers clean

the work piece and remove the weld marks giving the work piece a finished look.

C-23 (Barrel Shop)

In this shop the barrel of G3A3, G3S and 10 mm Pistol is manufactured. The raw

material used is 28 mm diameter Chromium Steel Alloy 32 CRMOV 1210 rods.

The machinery used in the manufacturing is as follows:

Lathe Machine

The processes of facing, turning and threading take place on the lathe machine. In

this machine the work piece is rotating and the tool is stationary. The tool is given feed using

the carriage and cross slide and thus work is done on the work piece. Carriage lathe is a

slightly different type of lathe machine. This consists of a separate chuck which can hold a

job of up to 45 inches in diameter. This machine is mainly used for cutting internal as well

as external diameters. The jaws of an ordinary lathe machine are set using a key, controlling

the jaws (3 jaws or 4 jaws) of the chuck simultaneously or separately but in the case of

carriage lathe, the work piece is secured via tightening of various nut and bolts along the

perimeter of the work piece. Each part of the lathe machine has a specific duty.

The feed rod is used to start the machine and moves the carriage on the guide

ways parallel to the work piece. The lead screw is used when threading process occurs as



this process can properly take place only when the machine is set on auto. Human error may

cause irregular thread forming. Mandrels are used to hold the job internally so as to provide

stability and support to reduce vibrations produced during process. A single point cutting

tool is mostly used which is held in the tool holder attached on top of the cross slide. The

speed of the chuck can be adjusted according to the material of the work piece being

worked upon. Coolant used is soluble oil to prevent over heating (causes wear) and reduce

friction between work piece and tool.

Multi-Spindle Lathes

It has more than one spindle and automated control (whether via cams or CNC).

They are production machines specializing in high-volume production. They are usually

called automatic chucking machines. These machines automatically chuck up individual

blanks from a magazine. Typical minimum profitable production lot size on a screw machine

is in the thousands of parts due to the large setup time. Once set up, a screw machine can

rapidly and efficiently produce thousands of parts on a continuous basis with high accuracy,

low cycle time, and very little human intervention. These machines can possess from single,

six up to 8 spindles.

Turret Lathes and Capstan Lathes

There are members of a class of lathes that are used for repetitive production of

duplicate parts. It evolved from earlier lathes with the addition of the turret, which is an

index able tool holder that allows multiple cutting operations to be performed, each with a

different cutting tool, in easy, rapid succession, with no need for the operator to perform

setup tasks in between or to control the tool path.

First machining of barrel is done via auto lathe machine and then transferred to the

capstan lathe for second machining.

Milling Machine

Horizontal, vertical and universal milling machines are the types. These machines

are consisting of many parts contributing to making different parts. One such part is the gear

train which is used to make spiral bevel gear. Milling machine may be defined as the type of

machine in which the metal is removed by causing the job to be fed against a revolving

cutting tool called the milling cutter, which has one or more cutting edges.



The principle parts of milling machine are as follows:

Base:

The base of the machine serves as a foundation member for all the other parts

which rest upon it. It carries the column at its one end. In some machines, it works as a

reservoir for coolant fluid.

Column

The column is the main supporting frame mounted vertically on the base. It

houses all the driving mechanisms for the spindle and table feed. The top of the column is

finished to hold an over-arm that extends outward at the front of the machine.

Knee

The knee is the part that slides up and down on the vertical way of the column

face. The adjustment of height is effected by elevating screw on the base that also supports

the knee. The knee houses the feed mechanism of the table, and different controls to

operate it.

Table

A lead screw under the table engages a nut on the saddle to move the table

horizontally by hand or power. The circular base maybe graduated in the degree.

Over hanging arm

Over hanging arm is mounted on the top of column extending beyond the column

face and serves as a bearing support that may be provided nearest to the cutter. More than

one bearing support may be provided for the arbor.

Spindle

The spindle of the machine is located in the upper part of the column and receives

power from the motor through belts, gears and clutches and transmits it to the arbor at the

front end of the spindle and it is provided with a tapered hole into which various cutting tools

and arbors may be inserted. The accuracy in metal machining by the cutter depends on

primarily accuracy, strength and rigidity of the spindle.



Arbor

An arbor is considered as an extension of the machine spindle on which cutters are

securely mounted and rotated. The arbors are made with taper shanks for proper

alignments with machine spindles having taper hole on their noses. The taper shank of the

arbor conforms to the self-releasing taper.

Gun Drill

Gun drills are straight fluted drills which allow cutting fluid (cutting oil) to be injected

through the drill's hollow body to the cutting face. They are used for deep drilling. Gun

barrels are the obvious example; hence the name. The coolant provides lubrication and

cooling to the cutting edges and removes the chips from the hole. Modern gun drills use

carbide tips to prolong life and reduce total cost when compared to metal tips. Speed of

drilling depends on the material being drilled, rotational speed, and the drill diameter. It is

used to drill the barrel’s 7.73 mm diameter bore. The oil is pumped with a pressure of 50

bar so as the oil operates as a coolant and lubricant as well as a means to remove the chips

discarded/removed during deep drilling.

Reaming is done after drilling so as to provide a proper finishing to the holes made

during drilling.

Honing

Honing is an abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface on a

metal work piece by scrubbing an abrasive stone against it along a controlled path. Honing

is primarily used to improve the geometric form of a surface, but may also improve the

surface texture .Honing process is done using diamond ledges to create internal slots and

internal profile. When the honing tool is inserted into the work area, the ledges come

outwards and when coming back out, the ledges retract into the tool.

Cold Tube Forging Machine

Also known as hammering, this process is used to make the outer as well as inner

profile of the work piece according to requirements. The work piece is rotated at 40 rpm and

4 vibrating hammers perform the cold forging process while a mandrel (grooving tool) is

used to create the internal grooves (12 grooves). The distance between the hammers is set

so the work piece comes out as required. For the case of G3A3 the 8 mm diameter barrel is

processed to 7.62 mm and as its bore decreases its length increases, whereas for the MG

weapon the barrel is processed from 8 mm to 7.46 mm along with a 0.03 mm taper on both

guns. In the case for G3A3, a force of 250-350 kN is applied by the hammers whereas in the

case of the MG the force applied by the four hammers is 350-400 kN.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_fluid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_barrel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_barrel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_carbide

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_bit



Serration

A total of 12 teeth are made. The tool mounts in the lathe’s turret and forms the

serrations in successive strokes along the work piece. At the beginning of the process, the

spindle remains stationary while the tool makes three passes that form the first five teeth in

progressive stages of development and a fully formed sixth tooth. Then the spindle indexes

to the next tooth location, where the first five teeth are increasingly formed and the last

tooth is completed. Each time the spindle indexes to the next tooth position and the turret

strokes the part, one tooth is completed. The process continues until the part indexes full-

circle and the serrations are completely formed.

Broaching

Broaching is a machining process that uses a toothed tool, called a broach, to

remove material. There are two main types of broaching: linear and rotary. In linear

broaching, which is the more common process, the broach is run linearly against a surface

of the work piece to effect the cut. Linear broaches are used in a broaching machine, which

is also sometimes shortened to broach. In rotary broaching, the broach is rotated and

pressed into the work piece to cut an axis symmetric shape. A rotary broach is used in a

lathe or screw machine. In both processes the cut is performed in one pass of the broach,

which makes it very efficient. Broaching is used when precision machining is required,

especially for odd shapes. Commonly machined surfaces include circular and non-circular

holes, splines, keyways, and flat surfaces.

Broaching machines are relatively simple as they only have to move the broach in a

linear motion at a predetermined speed and provide a means for handling the broach

automatically. Most machines are hydraulic, but a few specialty machines are mechanically

driven.

Finishing of Barrel

At the end of the machining the work piece goes through a process called Chamber

Moping; this process is used to polish the work piece for a good finished look using an

Emery paper.

The clearance and adjustment of bore size of the barrel is done by a process known as

Lapping.



C-26 (Plastic Shop)

In this shop injection as well as jet mold casting is done. The parts manufactured in

this shop are:

o Forearm

o Butt Stock

o Butt Plate

o Grip

o Spacer

o Filling Piece

o Plate for forearm

o Holder for buffer housing

o Loading (finished)

The materials used to make these parts are different types of plastics such as B3WG7

(forearm), NODUR (butt stock) and LOPULINE (butt plate).

The raw material comes in the form of grains in 20-25 kg bags. These grains are fed in

to tanks and heated to 80-900C so as to remove moisture inside the plastic. Then the grains

are loaded into the injection casting machine where they are heated via heater to 240-

2450C. The melted plastic is injected into the die via guide ways and lead screw. When the

casting sets the die opens and ejects the casting automatically. The loading and unloading

of different dies are done via the one ton cane provided. Jet molding is also done but only

for small parts. There are some parts that require riveting, like forearm thus, they are done

using the pendulum press.

C-20 is the Woodwork shop. It has the same products as the plastic shop but due to

the unavailability of wood and expense issues plastic is preferred over wood parts.

C-22 (Machining Shop)

This shop is one of the biggest shops in the weapons factory. It houses around 152

workers and is divided into 5 groups. A, B, C, D and E groups; each performing its own

function. The components this shop manufactures in different sections are Hammer, Barrel,

Sear, Buffer housing, Bush for front sight, Screw socket, Extractor, Loading lever housing,

Recoil spring tube, Firing pin, Check lever, Bolt head etc.



Group A

The machines working in this group are as follows:

Vertical Milling Machine

In the vertical mill the spindle axis is vertically oriented. Milling cutters are held in the

spindle and rotate on its axis. The spindle can generally be extended (or the table can be

raised/lowered, giving the same effect), allowing plunge cuts and drilling. There are two

subcategories of vertical mills: the bed mill and the turret mill.

A turret mill has a stationary spindle and the table is moved both perpendicular and

parallel to the spindle axis to accomplish cutting. Turret mills often have a quill which allows

the milling cutter to be raised and lowered in a manner similar to a drill press. This type of

machine provides two methods of cutting in the vertical (Z) direction: by raising or lowering

the quill, and by moving the knee. In the bed mill, however, the table moves only

perpendicular to the spindle's axis, while the spindle itself moves parallel to its own axis.

Horizontal Milling Machine

A horizontal mill has the same sort of x–y table, but the cutters are mounted on a

horizontal arbor across the table. Horizontal milling machines also feature a built-in rotary

table that allows milling at various angles; this feature is called a universal table.

Grinding Machine

It is a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each grain of

abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the work piece via shear deformation.

Grinding is used to finish work pieces that must show high surface quality and high accuracy

of shape and dimension. As the accuracy of the grinding machine is very high so in most

applications it tends to be a finishing operation and removes comparatively little metal while

giving high quality finishing to the work piece.

Slotting Machine

A vertically reciprocating planning machine, used for making shaping the sides of

opening. It consists of a reciprocating arm which contains a cutting tool and as it moves up

and down it chips off some material from the inside wall of the work piece. It is mainly used

for internal modification.



Broaching

Broaching is a machining process that uses a toothed tool, called a broach, to remove

material. There are two main types of broaching: linear and rotary. In linear broaching, which

is the more common process, the broach is run linearly against a surface of the work piece

to affect the cut. Linear broaches are used in a broaching machine, which is also sometimes

shortened to broach. In rotary broaching, the broach is rotated and pressed into the work

piece to cut an axis symmetric shape. A rotary broach is used in a lathe or screw machine. In

both processes the cut is performed in one pass of the broach, which makes it very efficient.

Broaching is used when precision machining is required, especially for odd shapes.

Commonly machined surfaces include circular and non-circular holes, splines, keyways, and

flat surfaces.

Broaching machines are relatively simple as they only have to move the broach in a

linear motion at a predetermined speed and provide a means for handling the broach

automatically. Most machines are hydraulic, but a few specialty machines are mechanically

driven.

Multi-Spindle Lathes

These have more than one spindle and automated control (whether via cams or CNC).

They are production machines specializing in high-volume production. They are usually called

automatic chucking machines. These machines automatically chuck up individual blanks from a

magazine. Typical minimum profitable production lot size on a screw machine is in the thousands of

parts due to the large setup time. Once set up, a screw machine can rapidly and efficiently produce

thousands of parts on a continuous basis with high accuracy, low cycle time, and very little human

intervention.

Drilling Machine

The processes of drilling and boring take place on this machine. The difference

between drilling and boring is that when a hole is made all the way through the work piece it

is known as drilling otherwise it is known as boring. Drill bits of different sizes are present

and are fitted into the machine manually according to the requirement of the hole diameter.

The work piece is held in place using a vice or using T-slots.

Sand Blasting

It is a process in which the work piece are bombarded with special sand particles

which clean any debris left and polishes the work piece inside and out thoroughly.

As a final inspection, the work piece as sent through a crack detection machine and

using X-rays and UV rays the work piece is check for cracks and defects of any kind or size.



Group B

This section deals with the manufacturing of safety pin, flush header, sight base,

locking pin, sight cylinder, flash hider, sight support, safety pin, screw socket, transmitting

piece, holding plate, curved piece, rotary sight, fore sight holder, trigger lever and sear.

The safety pin is manufactured using milling machine. The coolant used in this

machine is soluble oil and the tool used is the slitting saw cutter. After milling, the part is

transferred to the surface grinding machine. Finishing belt is used to remove any bur still

attached with the work piece after milling or grinding.

The flush header is manufactured on the cam milling machine which uses machine

oil and an end mill cutter is attached to it for working.

The rotary sight consists of 3 parts; Side support which is manufactured in the

kummer machine (drilling), Side cylinder which is manufactured in the plain milling machine

using a form cutter and the screw socket.

The front side holder is manufactured on the special purpose milling machine which

performs 8 processes on the work piece for the final part to be formed.

The trigger lever is also manufactured using the special purpose milling machine.

The sear is manufactured using the same machine but uses 6 cutters. The trigger lever and

the sear have a combined final assembly.

The Honing machine does internal chamfering and also removes bur/debris from the

drill hole.

The Surface Grinding machine uses magnets to hold and secure the job in one

place before grinding.

In certain work pieces, Jigs and Fixtures and needed. The difference between them is that

fixtures hold the work piece stationary at a specific orientation while the Jigs provide a

certain amount of movement to the work piece.

Group C

This section consists of Milling machines and Drilling machines which are used for

the manufacture of the specific parts. The vertical broaching machine is used in the

manufacture of L. L. Housing and the B. S. Housing is manufactured on the vertical milling.

Drilling is done as per requirement.



Five types of grinding machines as present her; Surface, Vertical, Cylindrical, Center

less and Plunge-cut Center less grinding machines. Magnetic chucks are used for gripping

the work piece/job. But in the case of cylindrical work piece, chucks and collets are used o

hold the work piece. These cylindrical jobs are grinded using cylindrical grinding machines.

Plunge-cut center less grinding machines are used when specific areas of the work piece

need to be grinded.

In center less grinding machines, the work piece is not held but moves freely

between the grinding wheels moving on guide ways across the machine.

Group D

Group D consists of the manufacturing of springs. There are numerous types of

springs that are being manufactured in this shop both for weapon use and domestic use.

There are four types of springs:

o Tension Spring

o Compression Spring

o Torsion Spring

o Form Spring

The wire used to manufacture these springs is either German (used for hard/heavy

springs) or English (used for soft springs) wires. The material is either spring steel alloy or

phosphorus bronze that make up the spring.

The machine which manufactures the springs had two stationary cutters allowing for

the circular shape of the spring to be formed, while another adjusts the pitch (distance

between two coils) of the spring. The last cutter is the parting tool which sets the length of

the spring and all of the cutters are calibrated as required. Before being fed into the cutters,

the wire is made to pass through rollers having grooves the size of the diameter of the wire.

The springs are soft and cannot take loads, thus they are then tempered. This is

done to obtain the elastic property of the spring. The German wire is tempered at 2400C for

30 minutes whereas the English wire is tempered at 1900C for 20 minutes.

Buffer spring rings or break rings are added to enhance the load bearing capacity

of the spring. The buffer spring for a G3A3 rifle can withstand a load of 90 kN without the

break rings but when the rings are added it can withstand a load of up to 450 kN. Four

break rings are fitted into the buffer spring. These springs are used in the butt of the weapon

to absorb recoil when firing the weapon.



Wires having a diameter ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm are used in fuses.

Another product made in this group is the blade and scabut. The parts are casted and

certain machining processes are done on them. They are then assembled by way of a

locking pin on the end of the blade handle. The scabut tube is casted and certain machining

is done and finished in this group.

Group E

In this group 70 components are manufactured mainly using milling operations but

drilling and riveting is also done. The extra portion of the rivet is removed via milling

machine.

The side bar of an MG3 machine gun in manufactured in this group.

The main casing of the POF EYE is manufactured here from aluminum and then it is

anodized to prevent rusting etc. (black appearance)

The bolt head of an MG3 machine gun is also manufactured using milling machine and has

54 operations done on it before it is finished.

C-21 (Heat Treatment Plant)

In this shop, heat treatment, phosphate, painting, annealing, brazing and tempering is

done.

The heat treatment done consists of carburizing, hardening, tempering, annealing and

brazing. This is done using a cyanide salt bath. The salt content is C3, C5 and GS540 salts.

It is done at 9100C for 150 minutes. This process is also known as case hardening; meaning

that carbon content is increased in the work piece 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm deep in the layer. This

process is mainly used for mild steel. As hard jobs break easily under pressure/stress they

are annealed. This means heating and then cooling of the job so the job softens so it does

not break under stress easily.

Tempering is done at 1400C - 1500C for 2 – 4 hours. Then direct hardening is also

done in a similar salt bath consisting of C3 and GS660 salts at 7700C – 8000C for 10 – 30

minutes.



Brazing is done by applying brazing paste or copper paste on the joining areas

of the work pieces and then heated. The paste melts and forms a joint fusing the work

pieces together. The brazing is done at 11500C. This is done on a conveyor type furnace

where the belt moves at a speed of 5 m/s. At the same time annealing also takes place a

650 – 8500C. Annealing is also done in pit type furnace as well as in the vertical annealing

furnaces where coils are placed of the side walls of the furnace.

B-20 (Assembly and Proof Shop)

There are three stages in which the weapon is assembled; sub assembly, main

assembly and final assembly. The main assembly further consists of different processes by

which assembly is done such as welding, nut and bolt, pin and push fit assembly.

After the weapon is assembled it is tested is various stages. The pressure proof

testing is done at high pressure. 5 rounds are fired. Function proofing is also done by firing 7

rounds at high temperature of about 210C. Then comes the accuracy inspection. In this

stage the barrel of the weapon is loaded into the machine and several rounds (5 rounds for

G3A3 and 14 rounds for MG3) are fired and the hit on the target is monitored. The hit

should be within the viable range or else the weapon/barrel is sent back for rectification.

The rectification can be of the straightness factor of the gun barrel etc.

Guns Assembled and their Specifications

SMG-PK1

9 x 19 mm parabellum

Semi-automatic (delayed blow back)

15 round box magazine

435 mm weapon length

115 mm barrel length

Rotary rear sight

Muzzle velocity is 375 m/s



Rate of Fire is 900 RPM

Effective range is 100 meters

SMG-PK






Rotary rear sight




MP5P3




2.54 kg weight

Weapon length is 660 mm (butt extracted) and 490 mm (butt retracted)


Rotary rear sight






MP5A2






Rotary rear sight




POF EYE



15/30 round box magazine

3.8kg weight without pistol

Weapon length is 85cm with butt and 67cm with butt folded

Direct aiming as well as optical aiming (Camera + LCD); gun at 600 left or right



AZB (DMR)

7.62 x 51 mm NATO



Roller delayed blow back

5 and 20 rounds magazine

5.0kg weight



Sniper scope with Mill Standard 1913 rail

Muzzle velocity is 800 +30/-30 m/s

SMG PK 7.62 x 51 mm

7.62 x 51 mm parabellum


4.17kg weight


300 mm and 350 mm barrel length

Sight radius 474.98 mm


Rate of Fire is 530 +10/-10 RPM

G3A3

7.62 x 51 mm NATO



4.4kg weight



Rotary rear sight

Muzzle velocity is 780 - 800 m/s

Rate of Fire is 500 - 600 RPM




MG3

7.62 x 51 mm parabellum

Recoil operated

Belt feed

11.5kg weight



Open sight


Rate of Fire is 1150 +150/-150 RPM

Effective range is 200 - 1200 meters

POF-4 Pistol

9 x 19 mm para

Semi-automatic


2.0kg weight



Rotary rear sight and Rigid front sight




POF-5 Pistol

9 x 19 mm para

Single/Semi-automatic


2.0kg weight



Line of sight 340 mm


.308 Win Sporter

7.62 x 51 mm NATO/0.308 Win

5 x round (box magazine)

4.66kg weight without magazine

1096mm weapon length


Rotary rear sight with 4 adjustments and 100 m V-sight

Muzzle velocity 770 – 790 m/s

Rate of Fire is semi-automatic

B-22 (CNC Shop)

This shop was established in 1984 and all its machinery and tools are German.

Mainly milling and turning NC and CNC machines are present in this shop. The difference

between NC and CNC milling machine is that in NC milling machine the machine cannot

move in two dimensions simultaneously meaning geometric shapes cannot be made on NC

milling machine and the tool and program both have to be manually changed and called,



respectively. The CNC machine has a cartridge of 20 tools which are changed during process

automatically by the machine using clamps. The coolant used is cutting oil whereas in some

gear boxes Shell Vitrea oil C-10 is used.

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