We are classified in the following way: Chordata Phylum Chordata Vertebrata Subphylum Vertebrata Mammalia Class Mammalia Primata Order Primata Hominidia Family Hominidia Homo Genus Homo sapiens Species sapiens vertebratesendoskeleton 1.We are vertebrates with a bony endoskeleton. spinal cord 2.We have a vertebral column that supports us and also encloses and protects the spinal cord. 3.The spinal cord extends from the brain, which is protected by the skull. coelom We contain a true body cavity called a coelom, which is divided in to two regions by our diaphragm. Thoracic cavity 1. Thoracic cavity (chest) contains the heart, lungs, & upper digestive tract. Abdominal cavity 2. Abdominal cavity contains all other internal, visceral organs. coelom mammals We are also mammals, so we have the following characteristics: Homeotherms 1. Homeotherms: we are able to regulate our internal body temperature and we keep it elevated. This is a high-energy cost (lots of food and oxygen is required to do this), and therefore, it must be efficient. skin 2. We have skin that is covered with hair. This provides us with insulation, protection, and sensation. We are also mammals, so we have the following characteristics: well- developed brains and senses 3. We have well- developed brains and senses. internal fertilisation and development 4. We have internal fertilisation and development. This allows us a long gestation period. We are also mammals, so we have the following characteristics: mammary glands 5. We have mammary glands to feed our young. This allows us to have a long post natal care period. ORGAN SYSTEMS TISSUES CELLS ORGANS ORGANISM A system is made of parts that work together as a whole. connectedcommunicateIn our bodies, many different systems work on their own but are also connected to each other and communicate with each other. Each body system is made up of organs (ie: heart) Each organ is made up of tissue (ie: cardiac tissue) Each tissue is made up of a certain type of body cell (ie: heart cell). groups of similar cells working co- operatively together to do a common function Tissues: groups of similar cells working co- operatively together to do a common function. covers EPITHELIAL TISSUE: covers connects, protects, insulates CONNECTIVE TISSUE: connects, protects, insulates movement MUSCLE TISSUE: movement sends info NERVE TISSUE: sends info coveringprotection Epithelial tissues: covering (in sheets) and protection of body surfaces and cavities. There are three types: 1.Squamous 1.Squamous (thin, flat cells line capillaries & make up alveoli). Used to cover, protect & exchange materials. 2.Cuboidal 2.Cuboidal (cube shaped cells, form glands and kidneys. Make hormones and involved in urine formation). 3.Columnar 3.Columnar (column shaped cells line digestive tract beyond eosphagus, synthesize enzymes). Some are ciliated in trachea & oviducts villi (increase surface area) may be secretory (glands) binding and support Connective tissues: binding and support. Insulates, stores fat, and produces blood cells. Connective tissue cells are separated by a matrix. adipose adipose (fat storage) cartilage cartilage (flexible) bone bone (rigid) blood blood (transport) areolar areolar (saran wrap) shorten or contract Muscular tissues: These cells have the remarkable ability to shorten or contract; thus giving them the ability to move. skeleton Muscles move the skeleton, things within the body, and help hold things together. Smooth Smooth (involuntary); digestive tract. Skeletal Skeletal (attached to skeleton and moves it) Cardiac Cardiac (found in heart only); strong and reacts quickly transmitting chemical-electrial impulses Nervous tissues: this tissue is adapted for transmitting chemical-electrial impulses throughout the body. There is a lot of variation in what nervous tissue look like. neuron The basic cell is the neuron. communication They are designed for communication, and allow for rapid response.