Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Classes:Chondrichthyes

OsteichthyesAmphibiaReptilia

AvesMammalia

Phylum: Chordata

Characteristics:1. *Have a dorsal notochord, that becomes the spine.2. An endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone.3. Pharyngeal slits or gill pouches during development.4. A dorsal nerve cord.5. Post-anal tail

Subhylum: Vertebrata

Major Characteristic: have a backbone

Primitive organism:

amphioxus

Class: Chondrichtyes

*Cartilaginous fish- from, “chondro-”

(cartilage) and “ichthyes” (fish)

- skeleton made of cartilage.

- have fins and scales.- breathe with gills.

Examples:sharks, skates, and rays.

Class: ChondrichtyesChondrichtyes

CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates

Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry

CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE

Skeletal System – made of CartilageCirculatory System – 2 chambered heart

Reproduction – External fertilization, many eggs

*Dioecious = two distinct genders

Heterodontiformes - horn sharks

Orectolobiformes - whale sharks

Rhincodon typusRhincodon typus

Orectolobiformes –

nurse sharks

Ginglymostoma cirratumGinglymostoma cirratum

Lamniformes - mackerel, mako, white sharks

MakoMako Great White, Great White, Carcharodon carchariasCarcharodon carcharias

MakoGreat WhiteGreat White

Isurus oxyrinchusIsurus oxyrinchus

Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (blacktip)

blacktip shark

Carcharhinus limbatusCarcharhinus limbatus

Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (whitetip)

Triaenodon obesus

Carchariniformes – bull sharks

Carcharhinus leucasCarcharhinus leucascopyright FLMNH

Carchariniformes – tiger sharksGaleocerdo cuvier

© George Burgess

Carchariniformes – basking sharks

Cetorhinus maximus Cetorhinus maximus

• Superorder Squatinomorphi– Squatiniformes-angel sharks

• bottom-oriented, enlarged pelvic fins, spike-like teeth

Atlantic Angel Shark, Atlantic Angel Shark, Squatina dumerilSquatina dumeril

Squaliformes Squaliformes dogfish sharksdogfish sharks

Spiny dogfish-Squalus acanthus

Adipose spine

Pristiophoriformes - saw sharks

Myliobatiformes - sting rays

eagle & manta rays

butterfly rays

Rajiformes - skates

Skate or Ray...what’s the difference?– Skates (order Rajiformes)– pelvic fin divided into two lobes  – stocky tail w/o stinging spine  – enlarged, thorn-like scales ('bucklers') along the

midline of back– males have rows of enlarged scales near the eyes

and wingtips

– Rays (order Myliobatiformes):– one-lobed pelvic fin  – whip-like tail, usually with stinging spine  – no bucklers along back or tail 

Pristiformes - sawfishes

Torpediniformes - electric rays

Class: Osteichthyes

“BONY” fish- from, “osteo-” (bone)

and “ichthyes” (fish)- skeleton made of

bone.- have fins and scales.- breathe with gills.

Examples:bass, tuna, and catfish

Class: Osteichthyes

bass tuna

catfish

porcupine fish

salmon

Class: OsteichthyesOsteichthyes

CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates

Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry

CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE

Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 2 - chambered heartReproduction – External fertilization, many

eggs*Dioecious

Class: AMPHIBIA

*Amphibians- means “double life”, part of

life spent on water and part on land

- smooth, moist skin.- live near water- go through metamorphosis- no claws or scales.

Examples:frogs, toads, newts,

salamander

Class: Amphibia

bullfrogCameroon

toadpoison dart

frog

General Amphibians

Class: AMPHIBIAAMPHIBIA

CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates

Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry

CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE

Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 3-chambered heart

Reproduction – External fertilization, eggs laid in water

*Dioecious

Class: REPTILIA

*Reptiles- body covered w/scales or plates- have lungs/scales &

plates/claws- 1st to use the amniotic egg.- also use internal fertilization

Examples:turtles, snakes, alligators, lizards

Class: Reptilia

chameleon

lizardBurmese python

cobraalligator

Class: REPTILIAREPTILIA

CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates

Ectothermic (cold-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry

CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE

Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 3-chambered heart

Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg

*Dioecious

Lizards

Komodo Dragon

Geckos

Frilled Lizard

Horned Lizard

Chameleon

Gila Monster

Class: AVES

*BIRDS- have wings and feathers.- most fly. Ex: penguin, ostrich,

emu- parents incubate eggs.- descended from dinosaurs- lightweight, hollow bones

Examples:eagle, owl, cardinal, dove, quail

Class: AVESAVES

CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates

ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry

CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE

Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 4-chambered heart

Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg

*Dioecious

Class: MAMMALIA

*Mammals- have hair & mammary glands.- give birth to live young- have a diaphragm

Examples:bats, whale, elephant, deer,

horse, human, monkey, rabbits

Class: MAMMALIAMAMMALIA

CHARACTERISTICS:Vertebrates

ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded)BILATERAL symmetry

CoelomateDigestive System – COMPLETE

Skeletal System – made of BONECirculatory System – 4-chambered heart

Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, LIVE YOUNG

*Dioecious