water prevention act.pptx

7/28/2019 water prevention act.pptx

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WATER (Prevention andControl of Pollution) ACT


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Introduction

The Water Act was enacted byParliament Act, 1974 purpose to provide

for the prevention of control of waterpollution and the maintaining orrestoring of wholesomeness of water. Ason day, it is applicable in all the states of

India. In this act, unless the context,otherwise requires(i) Occupier(ii) Outlet

(iii) Pollution(iv) Trade effluent


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What is it for???????

An Act to provide for the prevention andcontrol of water pollution and the

maintaining or restoring ofwholesomeness of water, for theestablishment, with a view to carryingout the purposes aforesaid, of Boards forthe prevention and control of waterpollution, for conferring on and assigningto such Boards powers and functions

relating thereto and for mattersconnected therewith.


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Features of Act5

It provides for maintenance andrestoration of quality of all types of

surface and ground water. It provides for the establishment ofcentral and state boards of pollutioncontrol.

It confers them with powers andfunctions to control pollution. It has provision for funds, budgets,accounts and audit of the central and

state pollution control boards. It also makes provision for variouspenalties for the defaulters and procedurefor the same.


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Application and Commencement

It applies in the first instance to thewhole of the States of Assam, Gujarat,

Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu andKashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, MadhyaPradesh, Rajasthan and West Bengal andthe Union Territories.


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Central Pollution Control Board

It is the main governmental organizationat central level for prevention and control

of water pollution.


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CPCBs Objectives

It advises the central government inmatters related to prevention and control

of water pollution.All the state pollution control boards(SPCBs) are guided and technicallyassisted by CPCB.

It organizes training programs forprevention and control of pollution atvarious places

(seminars).


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CPCBs Objectives

It also organizes comprehensive programson pollution related issues through mass

media. It collects, compiles and publishestechnical and statistical data related topollution.

It prepares manuals for treatment anddisposal of sewage and trade effluents.

Lays down standards for water quality

parameters.


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CPCBs Objectives

It plans nation-wide programs forprevention, control or abatement of

pollution. It establishes and recognizes laboratoriesfor analysis of water, sewage or tradeeffluent samples.


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STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

The state pollution control boards(SPCBs) also have similar functions to be

executed at state level and are governedby the directions of CPCB.


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SPCBs objectives

The board advices the state governmentwith respect to the locations of any

industry that might pollute a stream,well or any water body.

It lays down standard for effluents and isempowered to take samples from anystream, well or trade effluent or sewagepassing through an industry.


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SPCBs objectives

The state board is empowered to takelegal samples of trade effluent in

accordance with the procedure laid downin the act. The sample taken in thepresence of the occupier or his agent isdivided into 2 parts, sealed, signed byboth parties and sent for analysis to somerecognized labs. If the samples do notconform to the prescribed water quality

standards (crossing maximum permissiblelimits), then consent is refused to theunit.


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Spcbs objectives

Every industry has to obtain consentfrom the Board (granted for a fixed

duration) by applying on a prescribedProforma providing all technical details,along with a prescribed fee followingwhich analysis of the effluent is carriedout.

l The Board suggests efficient methods forutilization, treatment and disposal of

trade effluents.


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Identification of PollutedWater Bodies

CPCB identified 10 polluted stretches forprioritising pollution control efforts in1988-89.

The Number of Stretches increased to 37during 1992-93.

The list is now revised to include 86stretches.

The concerned State Pollution Control

Boards were asked to take adequatemeasures to restore the desired level.


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River action plan

CPCB identified polluted water bodies,which leads to formulation of action planfor restoration of the water body.

Based on CPCBs Recommendations,Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1986to restore the WQ of the Ganga by

interception, diversion and treatment ofwastewater from 27 cities/towns locatedalong the river.

Based on the experience gained during

implementation of the Ganga ActionPlan, Govt of India extends river cleaningprogramme to other rivers and lakes.


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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY

Urban sources National River ActionPlan

Industrial Sources through consent (SPCB)

Special Drives: 17 categories of industries Industries discharging into rivers and lakes 24 Problem areas action plan Environmental auditing Common effluent treatment plants for

cluster of SSI units (124) Promotion of low-waste and no-waste

technology


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Department of Environment, in december1984, prepared an action plan for

immediate reduction of pollution load onthe river Ganga. The Cabinet approvedthe GAP (Ganga Action Plan)in April1985 as a 100 per centcentrallysponsored scheme.


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To oversee the implementation of the GAP andto lay down policies and programmes,Government of India constituted the CGA(Central Ganga Authority)in February 1985,renamed as the NRCA (National RiverConservation Authority)in September 1995,under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister.

The Government also established the GPD(Ganga Project Directorate)in June 1985 as awing of Department of Environment, to executethe projects under the guidance and supervisionof the CGA. The Government renamed the GPD

as the NRCD (National River ConservationDirectorate)in June 1994.


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GAP I

The GAP-I envisaged to intercept, divert and treat 882mld (Million litres per day) out of 1340 mld ofwastewater, generated in 25 class-I towns in 3 States ofUttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The NRCD hadscheduled the GAP-I for completion by March 1990, butextended it progressively up to March 2000. While theGAP-I was still in progress, the CGA decided in February1991 to take up the GAP-II, covering the followingpollution abatement works:

(a) On the tributaries of river Ganga, viz. Yamuna, Damodarand Gomati.

(b) In 25 class-I towns left out in Phase-I.

(c) In the other polluting towns along the river.


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GAP II

The CCEA (Cabinet Committee onEconomic Affairs) approved the GAP-II in

various stages during April 1993 toOctober 1996 . The States of UttarPradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Delhi andHaryana were to implement the GAP-IIby treating 1912 mld of sewage. GAP-IIis scheduled for completion by December2001.


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Financial profile

Approved outlays for the GAP-I and theGAP-II were Rs 462.04 crore and Rs

1276.25 crore respectively. The CentralGovernment was to bear the entireexpenditure on schemes under the GAP-I,and to share it equally with the States in

the GAP-II. The Government of Indiadecided in November 1998 to bear theentire expenditure on schemes from April1997, as the States found it difficult to

provide their matching share.


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Selection of towns

The table below shows the numbers ofselected towns in the States.

RiverNo of towns Total

UP Bihar WB Haryana Delhi

GAP-I

Ganga 6 4 15 25

GAP-II

Ganga 16 10 23 *49

Yamuna 8 12 1 **21

Gomati 3 3

Damodar 8 4 12

Total 33 22 42 12 1 110


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Experience from Ganga Action Plan

Sewage collection system partial or non-existence

Interception and diversion of drains -monsoon runoff

Operation and maintenance of STPs

Power supply Skilled manpower

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Experience from industries

High organic load - distilleries

High TDS - pharmaceuticals, pesticides,rayon, dye and dye intermediates

Small scale industries - location(residential areas), inadequate resources,skill etc.

Problem with CETPs


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Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the

environment. The dominant form ofnoisepollution is from transportation sources,principally motor vehicles, referred to asenvironmental noise.Examples of Noise Pollution:LoudspeakersAircrafts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(environmental)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(environmental)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment


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Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the

environment. The dominant form ofnoisepollution is from transportation sources,principally motor vehicles, referred to asenvironmental noise.Examples of Noise Pollution:LoudspeakersAircrafts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(environmental)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(environmental)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment


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1.Jet planes.

2.Loud speakers and other loud speaking things.

3.Cinema halls.4.Factories

5.Road traffic


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1.We should not use loud speakers.

2.Factories should be made out of the city.

3.There should be not more noise making

vehicles on the roads.


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1.People Cut forest for furniture.

2.Plastic is the main source of land pollution.

3.People throw house garbage on roads.

4.Some industries throw their waste on land.


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1.People should not cut trees for making furniture.

2.People should not throw garbage on land.

3.Plastic bags should be avoided for prevention of landpollution.

4.Industries should not throw there waste on land.


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Soil PollutionSoil pollution is caused by the presence of chemicals or

other alteration in the natural soil environment.

Resulting in a change of the soil quality

likely to affect the normal use of the soil orendangering public health and the living environment.


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CAUSES OF SOIL DEGRADATION Soil erosion/degradation is the loss of top soil erodes

fertility of soil & reduces its water-holding capacity. Excessive farming, construction, overgrazing, burning of

grass cover and deforestation

Excess salts and water (Salinization) Excessive use of fertilizers & pesticides

Solid waste

:


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First effect of pollutants Washed away: might accumulates somewhere Evaporate: can be a source of air pollution Infiltrate through the unsaturated soil to thegroundwater DDT: fat soluble, stored in fatty tissues

Interferes with calcium metabolism Results in thin egg shells in birdsAgent orange: code name for one of theherbicides and defoliants (results in leaf fall)used by the U.S. military as part of its

herbicidal warfare program, During the Vietnam War,between 1962 and 1971, the United States military sprayed20,000,000US gallons (80,000,000 L) of chemical herbicides anddefoliants in Vietnam anti fertility, skin problems, cancer


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Control of soil pollution

Use of pesticides and fertilizers should be minimized. Cropping techniques should be improved to prevent

growth of weeds.

Special pits should be selected for dumping wastes.

Controlled grazing and forest management. Wind breaks and wind shield in areas exposed to wind

erosion

Afforestation and reforestation.

3 Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle

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soilKind of material-organic or inorganic- is thematerial biodegradable/ dangerous to animals &humans

How much material was added to the soil, will itoverload the organisms in the soilC:N ratio of the pollutant materialNature of soil: will the soil be able to handle thematerial before groundwater is contaminatedGrowing conditions for the soil organisms:- is it toocold, too wet etc.How long the material has been on site: is thereevidence of environmental problems, is it undergoingdecomposition.Immediate danger to people & environment: Urgencyof the situation.


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Marine pollution The introduction by man, directly, or indirectly,of substances or energy to the marine

environment resulting in deleterious effects suchas: hazards to human health, hindrance tomarine activities, impairment of the quality ofseawater for various uses and reduction ofamenities.

Does not include natural processes like volcaniceruptions or earthquakes


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Marine pollutants

Agricultural run offs ((herbicides, pesticidesand nutrients)

Sediments

Sewage (Faecal Coliform and Pathogens) Chemicals, Metals and RadioactiveSubstances

Persistent toxins (PCBs, DDT, heavy metals)

Oil Plastics Energy (Thermal & light)


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Sources of marine pollutionLand sources 80% of non-biological marine pollution comes from

land based activities pipes discharging directly into marine waters(sewage,

industrial, chemical and food processing wastes) Riverine flows into the sea carry pollutants from the

entire catchment area.

From Air Global atmospheric inputs to the sea from air

dischargesOil spills and offshore sources Oily discharges from ballast water and bilge water

during routine ship operations and illegal dumping ofsolid waste Designated dumping grounds at seaAccidental spills from Ships carrying hazardous

substances, oil, gas etc.


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Effects on sea life

Effects on birds

Effects on human being

Health

Business Eutrophication and development ofred tides

(phytoplankton blooms carrying red pigmentation)

Development ofoil slick: When oil is spilled on sea, it

spreads over the surface forming a thin film called OIL

SLICK. Which damage marine life


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Damages marine life to a large extent, for salt-marsh

plants, oil slicks can affect flowering, fruiting andgermination.

Coral reefs

If liquid oil contaminates a birds plumage, its water-

repellent properties are lost, drown, die

Drill cuttings dumped on seabed create anoxic conditions &result in the production of toxic sulphides in the bottomsediment thus eliminating the benthic fauna.

Fish and shellfish production facilities can also be affectedby oil slicks. Commercial damage is tainting: imparts anunpleasant flavor to fish and seafood & is detectable evenat extremely low levels of contamination.

Effects of marine pollution


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Thank you

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water prevention act.pptx