Chapter 18.1

WarmUp: ReviewOpen your books to Chapter 3, Section 3 & identify the 6 factors of social change discussed in that section.In your journals, copy & summarize each of those factors.

Chapter 18.1Social Change & Modernization

ObjectivesSummarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change.Explain how theories of social change have evolved.Social Changealterations in various aspects of society over time

Cyclical theorySpengler & Sorokin

Cyclical Theory of Social Changeviews change from a historical perspectiveassumes natural stages of developmentlikely to gain popularity during periods of upheaval

Oswald SpenglerGerman historiandeeply troubled by WWIwrote Decline of the Westasserted that West was well into decline in the 1900s & collapse was inevitable

Pitirim SorokinRussian-American sociologistpresented 2 extreme forms of cultureideational culture: truth & knowledge sought through faith & religionsensate culture: people seek knowledge through science

Evolutionary theoryEarly & Modern

Evolutionary Theory of Social Changeviews change as a process that moves in one direction toward increasing complexity

Early Evolutionary Theories1800s: believed that all societies progress through the same distinct stages of social developmentstages should improve over timejustified political & social conditions in Europe & U.S.

Modern Evolutionary Theoriessaid that societies have a tendency to become more complex over timeattempts to see why societies change

Equilibrium theory

Equilibrium Theory of Social Changebuilt on functionalist idea that society resembles a living organismoccurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation & integration

Conflict theoryMarx & Class Conflict,Dahrendorf & Social Conflict

Conflict Theory of Social Changechange results from conflicts between groups with opposing interests

Karl Marx & Class Conflictall human history is history of class conflictmost interested in how this occurs in industrial societies

Ralf Dahrendorf & Social Conflictholds that social conflict can take many formsracial, ethnic, political, religious, labor, gender, age, etc.

Social Change Through Technology: Social Media & Climate ChangeParticipation culture, creativity & social change Do you agree with Gauntletts assertion that we need to become more of a making-and-doing culture as opposed to a sit-back-and-be-told culture? Why or why not?How do you think technology & social media will influence social movements of the future?Do you think that people will be happier & more productive if they are engaged in the process of creating? Why or why not?What role will social media play in helping us transition into a society that has to adapt to new environmental challenges? What challenges might we be facing?CHAPTER 18: CLASSWORKPage 470: #3-4Page 479: #2-3Page 480: #1-10 Identifying People & IdeasPage 480: #1-6 Understanding Main IdeasPage 481: #1-4 Building Social Studies Skills