Warmup: Please write the question and try to answer it (5min)

1) A combination of 2 or more substances is a:

a. homogeneous mixture b. mixturec. solutiond. none of the above

2) In soda, CO2 is the ______ and water is the _________.a.solute; solutionb.solvent; solutionc.solute; solventd.solution; solubility

3) Which term describes a solution in which only a small amount of solute is dissolved?a. dilute c. unsaturatedb. concentrated d. supersaturated

Types of Matter

Matter

Compounds

ElementsMetals

Non-MetalsMetalloids

Heterogeneous

Colloid

Suspension

MixturesHomogeneous

Solutions

2 or more materials that can be physically separated

Ions/molecules are dissolved and scrambled among other molecules (phase: aqueous)Ex. ionic solutions, acids and bases, clean air and …

Homogeneous Mixtures

SOLUTIONSVisibly different parts in different ‘phases’ (liquid, solid)Ex. milk, blood

Heterogeneous Mixture

SOLUTION!!!

=

Solute: part of solution that is being dissolved•solid, liquid, or gas

Solvent: the major part of solution; dissolves the solute•usually liquid and usually water

Types of Solutions

Solute Solvent

Gas Gas

Gas Liquid

Liquid Liquid

Solid Liquid

Solid Solid

Oxygen in air

CO2 in soda

wine

Kool-aid

White gold (Au + Ni + Cu + Sn)

1 minute: Identify the phase of the solute and solvent in each mixture

Concentrated solutionscontain lots of solute per amount of solution.

Dilute solutions containless solute per amountof solution.

Q: Why was the blonde staring at the orange juice carton?A: Because it said ‘CONCENTRATE’

Saturated vs. Unsaturated

maximum amount of dissolved solute

less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute

Supersaturation When I make Jello, I add boiling water to the mix and then add cold water later. What’s up with THAT?If you heat a solution you can add more solute! Then cool it carefully to create a supersaturated solution. It contains more solute per unit solvent than is typically allowed

Answers to Warmup Questions1) A combination of 2 or

more substances is a:a. homogeneous mixture b. mixturec. solutiond. none of the above(a and c are ok but b is best)

2) In a soda, CO2 is the ______ and water is the _________.a.solute; solutionb.solvent; solutionc.solute; solventd.solution; solubility(a: the soda is the solution)

3) Which term describes a solution in which only a small amount of solute is dissolved?a. dilute c. unsaturatedb. concentrated d. supersaturated(unsaturated does not necessarily mean dilute)

Solubility (Saturation Point)•maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent under certain conditions•the solubility of different solutes is different!•Ex. 85 g KNO3 /100. grams of water at a certain temperature• only 36 g NaCl dissolves in the same amount of water at the same temperature

Does the solubility of sodium nitrate increase or decrease with increasing temperature?

Answer: increase

Which compound has a solubility of 61 g / 100 g H2O at 70°C?

Answer: NH4Cl

Which compound has a solubility of ~41 g / 100 g H2O at 50°C?

Answer: KCl

1. Increase surface area of the solute: agitate the solution or

break up solute

How can we increase the rate of dissolution (how fast the solute dissolves) and solubility?

2. Heat the solution (s and l solutes): molecules move faster and collide more frequently

3. Cool the solution (gas solutes): gas molecules won’t evaporate (lowering solubility) if they have less kinetic energy.

4. Increase pressure (gas solutes): solute can’t

evaporate and remains dissolved in the solution

How can we increase the rate of dissolution (how fast the solute dissolves) and solubility?

solubility of solubility of

solids/liquidsgases

when pressure increases

when pressure decreases

when temperature increases

when temperature decreases

Fill in this chart! As a study aid!