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Warm up #30. What do the Roman numerals letters stand for? I- 1 V- 5 X- 10 L- 50 C- 100 D- 500 M- 1000. What is ….. XV DLXI MXIV 26 125 1900. The Roman Empire. http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH106.jpg. Effects of Expansion. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What do the Roman numerals letters stand for?
I- 1V- 5X- 10L- 50C- 100D- 500M- 1000
What is …..1.XV2.DLXI3.MXIV4.265.1256.1900
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH106.jpg
Imperialism—Gaining control of foreign lands and people• Carthage/ N. Africa• Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica• Greece• Asia Minor• Hispania
Effects of gaining new lands• More trade routes• Created a new class of wealthy people
Wealthy started to create huge estates/farmscalled Latifundia which used slave labor
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/resources/images/chapter_maps/wh09_romantrade.jpg
Effects of Latifundias• Hurt small farmers• Couldn’t keep up with production• Fell in debt and loss their farms• Moved to Rome looking for work
• Gap between rich and poor increased!
http://romancrisis.wikispaces.com/Latifundia
http://www.mmdtkw.org/02-04-04LaterRomanVillas.jpg
The Gracchus Brothers attempted to reform society by helping the unemployed and the poor.
The wealthy senators eventually had the Gracchus Brothers killed in order to keep their way of life.
http://www.patriotresource.com/gladiator/graphics/history/gracchi.jpg
Result of conflict between wealthy andpoor…. Civil War!
Fight over the control of Rome
Two Roman Generals fought for control• Pompey (already in Rome)• Caesar (conquering Gaul)
•Pompey had the Senate order Caesar to disband his army
• Caesar ignored order and marched his troops into Rome and defeated Pompey and his supporters
http://www.info-antike.de/julcaes.gif
http://www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/pompey.jpg
“Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered)
• After defeating Pompey, Caesar marched throughout Rome and put down all rebellions
• Caesar returned to Rome and demanded the Senate to declare him dictator, which they did
http://www.culturalresources.com/images/CaesarRubicon.jpg
Why do you think Julius Caesar was assassinated?
Caesar’s reforms• Public works program
• Employed many
• Gave public land to the poor
• Granted more citizenship to more people
• Introduced the Julian Calendar
http://wordinfo.info/unit/3194/ip:24
http://www.hbw2000.com/1892Gravures/ides-of-march.jpg
Fearing Caesar’s power, enemiescreated a plot to assassinate him.
• March 15, 44 BCE• Stabbed in the Senate• Et tu, Brute?
• Caesar’s friend Brutus was even on the plot
• Led to round of Civil Wars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Younger
http://harpy.uccs.edu/roman/primaugustus.jpghttp://www.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e5/Marcanty.JPG
http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/main/courses/history222/julius/cleopatra/Asp-Cleopatra_Michelangelo_via_Vasari.jpg
• 31 BCE finally Octavian defeated Marc Antony and his ally Cleopatra of Egypt
• Gave himself the title Augustus, or Exalted One…again having absolute power
Imperial Rome
Octavian Augustus made some reforms
• Created a civil service to enforce laws• More opportunity for jobs• Created a more fair tax system• Order a census to be taken• Created a postal service
Octavian Augustus was a very good emperor of Rome, the big question would be; who would follow O. Augustus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate
http://www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/caligula.jpg
http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/main/courses/history222/nero/Nero(55-9)Large.jpg
http://www.jimpoz.com/quotes/images/speakers/aurelius.jpg
The Bad…• Caligula
• Named his horse as a consul
• Nero• Persecuted Christians• Blamed for setting a fire which nearly burnt Rome to the ground
The Good…• Hadrian
• Built Hadrian’s Wall in Britain to keep invaders out
• Marcus Aurelius
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wall
http://www.vroma.org/images/raia_images/hadrian.jpg
Pax Romana “Roman Peace”
• 200 year period from Octavian to Marcus Aurelius
• Advanced trading with Egypt, China and India
• Entertainment• Circus Maximus (race course)• Gladiators
• However, Pax Romana hid issues which will eventually lead to Rome’s decline
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La70eV1mTe0