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Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

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Page 1: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation?

Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy?

Warm-UP REVIEW

Page 2: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 1Warm-Up # 1CELESTIAL NAVIGATION CELESTIAL NAVIGATION

The action of finding one's The action of finding one's way by observing the sun, way by observing the sun,

moon, and stars.moon, and stars.

Page 3: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 2Warm-Up # 2Who is Ptolemy (tol-uh-mee)?Who is Ptolemy (tol-uh-mee)?

Ptolemy was a scientist. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer.He wrote a book in the year 150 (1862 years ago!) about the stars. Forty-eight Ptolemic constellations are still recognized today.

Page 4: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 3 – What are the 5 basic steps of the design process?

Warm-Up # 4 – What is a constraint?

Page 5: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

WARM-UP # 3 What are the 5 basic steps of the design

process?1) Identify the Problem

2) Identify the Solution3) Identify the Constraints

4) Design a Prototype

5) Evaluate the Prototype

6) Revise and Retest

Page 6: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 4What is a constraint?

• A restriction• A limitation• Something that holds your project back• Example: “Lack of money has been a major

constraint on the building's design.

Page 7: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 5 – What is a prototype?

Warm-Up # 6 – What is NASA looking for on Mars since they have discovered evidence of water on Mars? Why?

Warm-Ups

Page 8: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 5 – What is a prototype?

A prototype is a model built for testing.

Page 9: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 6 – What is NASA looking for since they have discovered evidence of water on Mars? Why?

All life, as we know it, requires water to survive. Was there ever life on Mars? NASA wants to find evidence of life on Mars.

Page 10: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 7 – What is JPL?

Warm-Up # 8 – Why must robotic spacecraft pave the way for humans to go to Mars?

Page 11: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 7 – What is JPL?

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It the lead U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system.

Page 12: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 8 – Why must robotic spacecraft pave the way for humans to go to Mars?

Robotic spacecraft must pave the way for humans to go to Mars because of the difficulty and the number of challenges getting there.

Page 13: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 9 – What are three different types of missions?

Warm-Up # 10 – What is Mars atmosphere mostly made up of? What are two other important components?

Page 14: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 9 – What are three different types of missions?

Fly-By Mission: A spacecraft passing close enough to a planet or moon to make detailed observations without orbiting or landing.

Lander Mission: A spacecraft designed to land on the moon or a planet.

Orbiter Mission: A spacecraft that orbits a planet or moon without landing on it.

Page 15: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 10 – What is Mars atmosphere mostly made up of? What are two other important components?

The atmosphere of Mars is mostly carbon dioxide, but two other important components are water vapor and dust.

Page 16: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 11 – What is a galaxy?

Galaxies are vast Galaxies are vast groups of stars in groups of stars in

space. space.

Warm-Up # 12 – What galaxy is Earth in??

The Milky WayThe Milky Way

Page 17: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 13 – How are galaxies classified?

Galaxies are classified Galaxies are classified based on shape. based on shape.

Warm-Up # 14 – How do galaxies appear to the

naked eye??

They appear as points They appear as points of light in the night sky, of light in the night sky,

a lot like stars.a lot like stars.

Page 18: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 15 – Put in order from largest to smallest: Earth, EHMS,

Universe, Solar System, NJ, Milky Way, the Sun, U.S.

Universe, Milky Way, Solar System, the Sun, Earth, U.S., NJ, EHMS

Warm-Up # 16 – How many stars are in a galaxy?

Around 200 billion stars are in a galaxy.

Page 19: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Warm-Up # 17 – How many galaxies are in the universe?

Billions

Warm-Up # 18 – What force keeps the planets and stars from

flying out into space?

Gravity

Page 20: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

# 19 Why does the galaxy appear much brighter at its

center?

There are more stars in the center of a galaxy.

# 20 Do stars move?

Stars in a galaxy rotate around its center. IT takes the sun

more than 200 million years to revolve around the center of

the Milky Way.

Page 21: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

What are the three shapes that galaxies can be?

• Spiral• Irregular• Elliptical

WARM-UP #21

Page 22: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

What have many irregular shaped galaxies been involved in?

• COLLISION with Another galaxy

WARM-UP #22

Page 23: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

What was the first man made object sent into space???

WARM-UP #23

The first man made object ever sent into space was in 1957 when the Russian satellite named Sputnik was launched.

Page 24: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

1)1) Background radiation. This radiation, a type of Background radiation. This radiation, a type of energy, is believed to be left over from the energy, is believed to be left over from the actual Big Bang. actual Big Bang.

2)2) The expansion of the universe. This means The expansion of the universe. This means measuring the distance between objects as measuring the distance between objects as time goes passes.time goes passes.

Warm-Up # 24Warm-Up # 24What evidence is there for the What evidence is there for the

Big Bang Theory???Big Bang Theory???

Page 25: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

ABOUT 14 BILLION YEARSABOUT 14 BILLION YEARS

Warm-Up # 25Warm-Up # 25How old is the universe?How old is the universe?

Page 26: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

Why are the spectra of galaxies shifted toward the red end?

They show redshift because they are moving away from us.

WARM-UP #26

Page 27: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

What is a quasar?

January 31st, 2013 Warm-Up # 27

A quasar is an extremely bright, extremely old, and extremely distant,high-energy source.

Page 28: Warm-Up # 1 – What is celestial Navigation? Warm-Up # 2 – Who is Ptolemy? Warm-UP REVIEW

The Challenges of Getting to Mars• Chapter 1 Landing Site Selectionb• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CV1vKNUcYNU• Chapter 2 Transporting a Mars Rover • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXb2sXgZ8uM• Chapter 3 Getting a Rover Ready for Launch• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r56EeyOo7cU• Chapter 4 Launching a Mars Rover• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CC2RN8LBHRA• Chapter 5 The Cruise to Mars • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8zxdG4Z-38• Landing Day• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsocLywp7qE