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English Phonetics and Phonology
Lecture 6: Vowels
KAMIYAMA, [email protected]
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 2
• Consonant: the airstream is blockedcompletely or incompletely at a given point inthe vocal tract. Some consonants areaccompanied by voicing.
Reminder: vowels and consonants?- articulatory characteristics
• Vowel: the airstream flows out (relatively)freely, without a major obstacle in the vocaltract. It is usually accompanied by voicing.
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 3
Reminder: vowels and consonants?- articulatory characteristics
• Vowel: the airstream flows out (relatively)freely, without a major obstacle in the vocaltract. It is usually accompanied by voicing.
• -> No contact between articulators.
• -> Hard to define the place of articulation.
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 4
Monophthongs
based on Kelly (2000)
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 5
Long vowels
based on Kelly (2000) 2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 6
Short vowels
based on Kelly (2000)
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 7
Centring diphthongs
based on Kelly (2000) 2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 8
Closing diphthongs I (toward /ɪ/)
based on Kelly (2000)
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 9
Closing diphthongs II (toward /ʊ/)
based on Kelly (2000) 2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 10
Cardinal Vowels•• Daniel JonesDaniel Jones (1881-1967): born in London,
learned phonetics from Paul Passy,professor of phonetics at Sorbonne.
•• ReferencesReferences to describe all the possiblevowels in the world’s languages.
• Primary and secondary cardinal vowels.
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 11
Cardinal Vowel No. 1
• The vowel produced with the tonguebunched up as high and as far forward aspossible, without producing a hissingsound as in a fricative.
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 12
• The vowel produced with the tongue aslow and as far back as possible, withoutproducing a consonant.
Cardinal Vowel No. 5
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 13
No. 1 i
No. 5
No. 2 e
No. 3
No. 4 a
No. 6
No. 7 o
No. 8 u
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 14
Cardinal Vowels: the three axes
• 1. CloseClose <-> OpenOpen (HighHigh <-> LowLow)
• 2. FrontFront <-> BackBack
• 3. Unrounded / RoundedRounded
tractsyn
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 15
Cardinal Vowel No. 1PrimaryPrimary Cardinal Vowels
• Catford 1988
ii
ee
ɛɛ
aa ɑɑɔɔoo
uu
FRONTFRONT BACKBACKCLOSECLOSE
OPENOPEN
half-close, orclose-mid
half-open, oropen-mid
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4No.5
No.6
No.7
No.8
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 16• Catford 1988
ii
ee
ɛɛ
aa ɑɑɔɔoo
uu
FRONTFRONT BACKBACKCLOSECLOSE
OPENOPEN
half-close, orclose-mid
half-open, oropen-mid
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4No.5
No.6
No.7
No.8UNROUNDEDUNROUNDEDROUNDEDROUNDED
PrimaryPrimary Cardinal Vowels
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 17
SecondarySecondary Cardinal Vowels
• Catford 1988
yy
øø
œœ
ɶɶ ɒɒ
ʌʌ
ɤɤ
ɯɯUNROUNDEDUNROUNDEDROUNDEDROUNDED
No.9
No.10
No.11
No.12
No.13
No.14
No.15
No.16No.17 ɨɨ ʉʉ No.18
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 18
The vowels of French
/i//i/si
/e//e/ses
//ɛɛ//sait
fermées
mi-fermées
mi-ouvertes
/a//a/sa
patte
ouvertes//ɑɑ//
pâte
//ɔɔ//sort
/o//o/sot
/u//u/sous
/y//y/su
/ø//ø/ceux
//œœ//sœur
non arrondies
//əə//ce
antérieures centrales postérieures
arrondies
légendes!:
nasales
//ɛ̃ɛ̃//saintbrin
//œœ ̃̃//brun
//ɑ̃ɑ̃//sans
//ɔ̃ɔ̃//son
2017-2018 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 6 19
Read the following words andphrases in French
• /katkatʁʁ/• /bokuboku/• /salysaly/• /bbœʁœʁkk/• /bjbjɛɛ̃̃sysyʁʁ/• /ssɑɑ̃̃blagblag/
• /seseʁʁjøjø/• /ssɛɛpavpavʁɛʁɛ/• /tydtydɔʁɔʁ/• /alalɔɔ̃̃zizi/• /ɔ̃ɔ̃skasskas/• /avavɛɛklklɥɥii/
• /lafijdlafijdəʒɑəʒɑ̃̃/• /pupuʁʁkwapakwapa/• /ʃɛʃɛpapa/• /dimwadimwa/• /nnɔɔ̃̃mmɛʁɛʁsisi/• /sasyfisasyfi/
