Volumeof X=Ray Visits(films or fluoroscopic views). For similar reasons the X-ray visits were classified in terms of five general areas of the body rather than such speci-fic parts

Data from theNATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Series 10Number 81

Volumeof X=Ray VisitsUnited States - April- September 1970

Statistics on volume of medical and dental X-ray visits, by

area of body X-rayed, place of X-ray visit, type of X-ray,

age, sex, race, place of residence, geographic region, family

income, and education. Based on data collected in household

interviews during the period April-September 1970.

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-1507

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Health Services and Mental Health Administration

National Center for Health Statistics

Rockville, Md. April 1973

Vltd IIId f I,,,i]th St,itlstlc+mm 1O-NO. 81

—— .—I:,,r S.LIUI)Y tim Slj[,rr)ntmlunt ,Ir rxIrIIrII.nts, I~..+.( iovernrnent I’rmtmx ~Jllicc, Ji’mhington, 1). C. 20402

l’rlcc M ,rl(ts ,Iomk.sllc post [,iid or Ill)c,lits ( iI’O Bookstore

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, DirectorEDWARD B. PERRIN, Ph.D., Deputy Director

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Associate Director

OSWALD K. SAGEN, Ph. D., Assistant Director for ~ealth Statistics Development

WALT R. SIMMONS, M.A., Assistant Director for Research and .Scientijic Development

JOHN J. HANLON, M.D., Medical Advisor

JAMES E. KELLY, D. D. S., Dental Advisor

EDWARD E. MINTY, Executive O~~icer

ALICE HAYWOOD, k~ormation O~~icer

DIVISION OF HEALTH INTERVIEW STATISTICS

ELIJAH L. WHITE, Director

ROBERT R, FUCHS BERG, Deputy Director

RONALD W. WILSON, chief Analysis and Reports Branch

KENNETH W. HAASE, Chiej Suruey Methods Branch

COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Under the legislation establishing the National Health Survey, the Public

Health Service is authorized to use, insofar as possible, the services or facili-

ties of other Federal, State, or private agencies.

In accordance with specifications established by the Health Interview Sur-vey, the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual arrangement, participates

in most aspects of survey planning, selects the sample, and collects the data.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 10-No. 81

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-1507

Library of Congress Catalog (%-d Number 73-600038

CONTENTSPage

Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------

Source and Limitations of the Data --------------------------------------

Medical X-Ray Visits --------------------------------------------------Volume of Visits ---------------------------------------------------Areas of the Body X-Rayed and Place of Visit -------------------------

Dental X-Wy Visits ---------------------------------------------------

References -----------------------------------------------------------

List of Detailed Tables ------------------------------------------------

Appendix I. Tecbical Notes on Methds -------------------------------Background of This Report --'----------------------------------------Statistical Design of the Health Interview Survey --------------- --------GeneralQualifications ----------------------------------------------Reliability of Esttiates ---------------------------------------------Guide toUseof Relative Standard Error Charts ------------------------

Appendix II. Definitions of Certain Terms Used in This Report -----------Terms Relating to X-Ray --------------------------------------------Demographic Terms ------------------------------------------------

Appendix III. X-Ray Questions Used April-September 1970 ---------------

Appendix IV. Comparison ofX-Ray Questions Used in Three Surveys -----

1

1

227

11

15

16

383838404144

484849

52

54

. ..Ill

SYMBOLS

Data not available ----------------------- ---

Category not applicable ------------------ . . .

Quantity zero --------------------------- -

Quantity more than Obutless than O.05---- 0.0

Figure does not meet standards ofreliability or precision (more than30percent relative standard error)--------- *

iv

VOLUME OF X-RAY VISITSMary H. Wilder, Division of Health Interview Statistics

INTRODUCTION

Based on data collected during April-Se-ptember 1970, annual estimates of 112 milIionmedical X-ray visits and 68 million dental X-rayvisits were reported for the United States civil-ian, noninstitutionalized population. These esti-mates produced rates per 100 persons per yearof 55.9 for medical X-ray visits and 33.8 fordental X-ray visits. An X-ray visit is defined as avisit by a person to a doctor’s office, dentist’soffice, hospital, mobile X-ray unit, public healthdepartment, etc., during the course of whichX-ray equipment is used for diagnosis or treat-ment. One visit was counted each time the personwent to a medical facility to have one or moreareas of the body X-rayed. However, statisticswere also collected for each of the separate areasof the body X-rayed.

Data on volume of X-ray visits have beencollected twice previously for the Health Inter-view Survey. Data for 1961 are published inSeries B, No. 38, of the Health Statistics series. 1Data for 1964 were jointly presented with theDivision of Radiological Health and are pub-lished in Population Exposure to X-Rays, UnitedStates, 1964.2

The following statements summarize themajor findings in the 1970 data:

1. The average number of medical X-rayvisits per 100 persons increased withage, while persons 15-29 years of agehad the highest rate of dental X-rayvisits.

2. Although little difference exists be-tween sexes in the average number ofmedical X-ray visits, females weremore likely to have had dental X-rayvisits than males.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

The white population had more visitsfor both medical and dental X-raysthan other population groups.The rate of dental X-ray visits in-creased as income rose, whereas thepopulation with less family incomewas more likely to have had medicalX-ray visits than persons with morefamily income.Increases in population density andeducational attainment of the head ofthe family produced higher rates ofboth medical and dental X-ray visits.The population in the West Region re-ported more X-ray visits for medicaland dental purposes than did personsin the Northeast, North Central, andSouth Regions.The major area of the body receivingX-ray exposure was the chest.The hospital was the major place inwhich medical X-rays were made.Generally, the annual rates per personfor both medical and dental X-rayvisits have increased since this typedata was previously collected in theHealth Interview Survey.

SOURCE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA

The information presented in this reportwas obtained from a continuing househoId inter-view survey of a probability sample representa-tive of the civilian, noninstitutionalized popula-tion residing in the United States. Data abouthealth and social and demographic character-istics of each househoId member were collectedduring the period April-September 1970. The

1

questionnaire that was used is reproduced inappendix III of Series 10, No. 72.3

Information on the volume of X-ray visitsand areas of the body X-rayed was obtained inresponse to the questions shown in appendix III.

A brief description of the statistical designof the survey, the methods of estimation, andgeneral qualifications of the data obtained fromsurveys is presented in appendix I. Since esti-mates shown in this report are based on a sampleof the population rather than on the entirepopulation, they are subject to sampling error.Therefore particular attention should be direc-ted toward the section “Reliability of Esti-mates, ” which contains charts indicating relativesampling errors and instructions for their use.The sampling errors for most of the estimates‘me of relatively low ma@itude. However, ‘whena number or the numerator or denominator of arate or percentage is small, the sampling errormay be high. In these instances the estimatesmust be interpreted with caution.

Definitions of certain terms, particularlythose related to X-ray visits, are explained inappendix II. Some of the terms have specializedmeanings for the purpose of the survey. Famili-arity with these definitions will assist the readerin interpreting the data. For example, an X-rayvisit was included if X-rays had been used forfiIm exposure, fluoroscope, or treatment. Ifradioactive materials such as radium or radio-active isotopes were used for treatment or otherpurposes, an X-ray visit was not counted.

Questions were formulated to elicit infor-mation in terms of the X-ray visit rather thanthe X-ray exposure since it was assumed thatrespondents would be likely to know how manytimes a visit was made during which an area ofthe body was X-rayed or fluoroscopecl but thatthey wouId not know the number of exposures(films or fluoroscopic views). For similar reasonsthe X-ray visits were classified in terms of fivegeneral areas of the body rather than such speci-fic parts of the body as individual bones or in-ternal organs. The use of radioisotopes as asource of radiation for medical purposes was notincluded in these data because relatively few re-spondents would know sufficient details aboutthis application.

Population frequencies used in computingrates shown in this publication are presented intables 18-21.

MEDICAL X-RAY VISITS

Volume of Visits

During April-September 1970 a sampIe ofcivilian, noninstitutionalized persons :representa-tive of the U.S. population were asked howmany visits they made to hospitals, doctors’offices, and the like during which an X-ray wasmade. The reference period for the questionswas the 3-month period preceding the interview.One visit was counted each time a person went

to a doctor’s office, hospital, or other facility tohave one or more areas of the body X-rayed. Anannual estimate of 111,751,000 medical X-rayvisits was reported (table 1). This represents55.9 medical X-ray visits per 100 persons peryear. Since a person may have had more thanone visit during the reference periocl, this doesnot mean that one out of every two persons hadmedical X-rays. However, the majority of per-sons X-rayed had only one visit (during the3-month reference period (table A). Approxi-mately 77.1 percent of persons with medicalX-rays had only one visit while 22.9 percent hadtwo or more visits. Persons were more likely tohave multiple visits when the X-rays were fortreatment. Approximately 42.2 percent of thepopulation with X-ray treatment had four ormore visits during the reference period.

When the current data are compared withstatistics collected during July 1960-June 1961,the percent of the population with medicalX-ray visits in a 3-month period and with singlevisits increased slightly (77.1 percent in 1970and 75.9 percent in 1961), whereas the percentof persons with medical treatment and singlevisits decreased (29.9 percent in 1970 and 38.0percent in 1961). This indicates that morepeople are currently having X-ray visits and thatif the visit is for treatment, more visits arerequired.

Persons in the younger age groups were lesslikely to have had medical X-rays than personsof older ages. Approximately 24.4 visits per 100

2

Table A. Percent distribution of medical X-ray visits during an average 3-month periodby number of medical visits, according to selected characteristics: United States,based on data collected during April-September 1970

Characteristic

All persons with medical X-ray visitsl -----------

Age

Under 15 years .--------------- -------- ------.- -------- -

15-29 years -------- -------- -------- -------- -------. ---m

30-44 years --------------------------------------------

45 years and over -------- ~------- -------- -------- --.-.-

45-64 years -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- .-

65 years and over ------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast --------- ------------------ --------- --------- -

North Central ------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------

West- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------.- -------- --

Family income

Less than $3,000 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------

$3,000-$4,999 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --

$5,000-$6,999 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------. --

$7,000-$9’,999-------- -------- -------- -------..-------- --

$10,000-$14,999 ---------------- -------- -------- --------

$15,000 or more -------- -------- -------- --.----- --------

Type of X-ray

Treatment -------- -------- ----------------- -------- ------

Other -------- ----------------- -------- -------- ------------

Number of medical X-rayvisits in 3-month period

II I I I

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

77.1

77.1

81.2

77.3

74.4

76.3

69.7

79.0

76.7

77.5

74.7

74.7

75.6

77.9

77.7

77.8

79.2

29.9

77.6

13.7

13.1

12.4

14.1

14.6

13.2

17.9

13.4

13.7

13.1

15.1

14.9

15.3

13.9

12.9

13.3

12.4

*

L3.8

4.8

5.1

3.5

4.9

5.4

5.5

5.4

3.6

5.6

4.5

5.4

5.7

4.3

4.7

4.5

5.2

4.2

*

4.7

4.4

4.7

2.8

3.7

5.6

5.0

7.0

3.9

4.1

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.8

3.5

4.8

3.7

4.1

52.2

4.0

lIncludes unknown income.

3

H+’J—0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60

AGE IN YEARS AGE IN YEARS

year by sex and age,Figure 1. Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per

Figure 2. Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per

year by color and age.

persons were recorded for children under 15years of age compared to 81.5 visits per 100persons fo~ the population 45 years and over.

While there were no striking differencesbetween males and females in the number ofX-ray visits, the males tended to have slightlyhigher rates at the younger and older ages andfemales reported more visits in the 30-44 agegroup (figure 1). White persons were more likelyto have medical X-ray visits than persons ofother color groups. Generally, there is little dif-ference between the two color groups by age inthe number of medical X-ray visits per 100 per-sons except at age 45 years and over, wherewhite persons had about 20 percent more visitsthan did persons in other color groups. (Figure2.)

Persons living in SMSA’S (standard metro-politan statistical areas) were more likely to havehad one or more medical X-ray visits than per-sons living elsewhere (table 2). This is probablyindicative of the ease of access to facilities whereX-rays are made for medical purposes in heavily

100.0 r

1inB3180.060.0 -

40.0

t

20,0

0.0

SMSA

Oubidn SMSA

61.2

6S.6

I Under 15 15.29 30434 45.64 B and overAGE IN YEARS

Figure 3. Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 parsons par

year by place of residence and age.

4

populated areas. Figure 3 shows that persons ineach age group living in metropolitan areasaveraged more X-ray visits than did persons incorresponding age groups living elsewhere. Gen-erally, the pattern previously mentioned of in-crease in visits with aging is evident for all placesof residence.

Persons living in the West Region weremore likely to have had medical X-ray visits thanpersons living in the other three geographicregions (table 3). The larger rate recorded forpersons in the West Region is largely due to thehigh number of visits per 100 persons reportedin the age group 65 and over (figure 4) and isgreatly influenced by the large number of visitsreported by males in this age category. Gener-aUy, the population in each region had morevisits with advancing age with the exception ofthe population in the North Central Region.This population group had a marked decline inrate of visits for persons 65 years and over; thepercent of persons with X-ray visits increased inthe other three regions.

Persons in families with an annual incomeof less than $7,000 had 58.7 visits per 100 per-

Table B. Number of medical X-ray visitsper 100 persons per year, by family in-come and age: United States, based on;;;; collected during April -September

Age

Familyincome

Ithan $7,000Tess

$7,000 m%e

Number ofmedical X-rayvisits per 100persons per

year

All ages----------

wUnder 15 years ---------- 24.0 25.215-29 years ------------- 57.7 54.630-44 years ------------- 65.5 65.945 years and over------- 81.2 83.2

‘20’0[n ‘0-

Under15

75.6

%s.4

15-29 W44

AGE IN YEARS

46JS4 e6 and owl

Figure 4. Number of medical X-ray visits par 100 parsons per year by geographic region and age.

5

sons compared to 54.6 for members of familieswith more income (tables 4 and B). The higherrate for persons in the lower income families islargely affected by the disproportionate numberof elderIy people in the lower income group.Age adjustment of these rates, using the totalcivilian, noninstitutionalized population, pro-duces comparable rates for both income groups(56.2 per 100 persons in the lower income groupand 56.5 in the higher income group).

Members of family groups in which thefamily head had 1 year or more of college edu-cation were more likely to have medical X-rayvisits than persons in families where the headhad less education (tabIe 5). Approximately58.0 X-ray visits per 100 persons were recordedfor persons in the higher education group com-pared with 55.7 visits per 100 persons in thelower education group (table C). The higher ratefor members of better educated families is in-fluenced primarily by the age group 15-29. The

Table C. Number of medical X-ray visitsper 100 persons per year, by educationof head of family and age: UnitedStates, based on data collected duringApril-September 1970

Age

All ages------

Under 15 years------15-29 years---------30-44 years---------45 years and over---

Education of headof family

E.!d!ENumber of medicalX-ray visits per100 persons per

year

55.7 I 58.0

23.852.666.981.2

26.764.465.386.9

I I

Table D. Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, by family income,education of head of family, and age: United States, based on data collected cluringApril-September 1970

Age

All ages-------

Under 15 years -------

15-29 years ----------

30-44 years ----------

45 years and over----

45-64 years --------

65 years and over--

Totall

I Family income and education of head of family

Less than $7,000 .$7,000 or more

Less than 9-12College

Less than 9-129 years years 9 years years

College

Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year

55.9

24.4

55.4

65.9

81.5

82.3

79.9

55.7

25.8

41.1

47.9

74.0

85.6

63.7

58.3

22.8

60.1

77.1

89.5

86.7

93.5

75.3

*

73.9

*

107.8

104.1

111.1

52.2

19.6

35.2

69.8

75.9

73.5

86.6

55.1

25.0

55.7

67.0

85.6

85.4

86.7

55.2

27.0

60.1

64.0

85.5

84.2

92.0

lIncludes unknown education.

6

higher rate for this group is probably the resultof X-rays taken during physical examination re-quired for college admission and entrance tojobs. Table D shows that education is more di-rectly related to having medical X-ray visits forpersons in lower income groups than it is forpersons with more income.

Table E shows the comparison of thenumber of medical X-ray visits per 100 personsper year for the three periods in which data havebeen collected in the Health Interview Survey byselected demographic characteristics. Data for1961 were collected July 1960-June 1961 andthe data are presented in Series B, No. 38, fromthe Health Statistics series.1 Data for 1961 werkcollected during April-June 1964 and were in-flated to represent annual estimates. The ques-tionnaires used during each of the three periodsof time are generally comparable. There weresIight modifications in the wording of the spe.cific questions. Not all questions concerningX-ray visits were asked during the fielding ofeach questionnaire version. Appendix IV shotvswhich questions were asked during each specificcollection period. The questions that were askedin the 1970 survey are shown in appendix III ofthis report, and the questionnaires used in theearlier surveys are to be found in the earlierreports. 1Y2

The number of medical X-ray visits per 100persons has steadily increased during the threecollection periods with the greatest increase be-tween 1964 and 1970–the rate for 1964 was49.8 compared to 55.9 in 1970. Although theincrease occurred for almost all age groups, it ismost pronounced for the age group 65 years andover. This is probably the result of Medicare leg-islation which provided medical services at littleor no cost to individuals in this age group.

The remaining characteristics in table Ealso show a general increase between the propor-tion of the population with medical X-ray visitsin 1964 and population with visits in 1970 withthe exception of all persons other than white.This group showed a decrease from 48.3 visitsper 100 persons to 45.1 during these two timeperiods.

In the 1964 studyz the Division of Radio-logical Health obtained additional technical in-formation on the extent of X-ray exposure. Re-spondents who reported X-ray visits in the

Health Interview Survey were asked the nameand address of the person or facility taking theX-ray. In addition, these people were also asked

i! the places could be contacted. The Division ofRadiological Health then contacted the facilitiesfor which the respondents granted such action.This followup consisted of an introductory let-ter stating the purpose of the survey, reportforms for each X-ray procedure received by theindividual at that facility, and a film pack to beexposed using the same factors employed duringthe patient examination. Generally, the reportform contained questions on patient characteris-tics and questions on machine and exposure in-formation. The film pack was used for quflltycontrol of the information reported on theforms. These data were published in PopulationExposure to X-rays, United States, 1964.2 Thispa@ of the study was repeated in 1970, and thetechnical data on extent, of X-ray exposure areto be published in a similar publication.

Areas of the Body X-Rayed and Place of Visit

Approximately 1.3 body areas wereX-rayed during each visit. Only one visit wascounted each time a person was X-rayed, regard-less of the number of body areas X-rayed. AI-most half of the X-ray exposures were of thechest area (figure 5 and table 6). Children under15 years of age had about half as many chestX-rays as they did X-rays of other areas of thebody. Persons 65 years and over also had fewerchest X-rays than X-rays of other body areas.

ApproximateIy three-fifths of all bodyareas were X-rayed in a hospital, one-fourth indoctors’ offices, and the remainder in mobileunits and other places (tables 7 and 8). Abouthalf of the X-rays for the chest area and extrem-ities were in hospitals, while two-thirds of theX-rays of the abdomen and other areas of thebody were in a hospital (figure 6). Proportion-ately more extremities were X-rayed in doctors’offices than were other body areas.

As might be expected, almost all of thevisits to mobile units were for chest X-rays andabout two-thirds of the visits to other placessuch as schools, health departments, and indus-trial clinics were for this same purpose (table F).About two-fifths of the visits to hospitak and

7

Table E. Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, by selected charac-teristics: United States, July 1960-June 1961, April-June 1964, April-September 1970

Characteristic

All persons with medical X-ray visitsl -----

Age

Under 15 years-----------------------------------

15-29 years--------------------------------------

30-44 years--------------------------------------

45 years and over--------------------------------

45-64 years------------------------------------

65 years and over------------------------------

Sex

Male---------------------------------------------

Female -------------------------------------------

Color

White --------------------------------------------

All other----------------------------------------

Place of residence

SMSA---------------------------------------------

Outside SMSA nonfarm -------- -------- -------- -----

Outside SMSA farm--------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast ----------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------

West ---------------------------------------------

Family income

Less than $7,000---------------------------------

$7,000 or more-----------------------------------

July 1960-’ April- 1April-June 1961 June September1964 11970I I

Number of medical X-ray visitsper 100 persons per year

47.9

16.4

57.1

63.0

66.5

71.2

55.4

49.7

46.2

48.0

47.0

---

---

---

44.3

47.3

46.4

57.9

46.9

52.4

49.8

20.9

55.2

61.1

69.8

73.6

61.5

50.6

49.0

50.0

48.3

54.5

42.9

32.2

46.7

48.3

47.7

61.0

49.5

52.2

55.9

24.4

55.4

65.9

81.5

82.3

79.9

56.6

55.3

57.5

45.1

59.8

50.0

40.6

53.5

55.5

54.3

62.9

58.7

54.6


8

00.0

1Se.oem1Imeludmunknown bdy ataa.

D ‘~im’ m ‘0”0’’0”” lzz~~””””’-PERCENT

0.0 20.0 40.0 W.o 80.0 100.0I I I I I I

,’ .,,

hdomm“..’ ,, ae.8.’, .

.,, ,,,,.

tremit”m ,’ “’ ~~

..’,,,

Id ardlm.-A1

t%’:,,.

llncl.d.s .IIkmwn WY are..

Figure 6. Percent distribution of areas of the body X-rayed by

Figure 5. Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per

year by araa of body X-rayed.

Table F.ing to1970

Percent distribution of medical X-ray visitsplace of visit: United States, based on data

Place of visit

All places---------------------------

Hospital-----------------------------------

Doctor’s office----.-----------------------

Mobile unit--------------------------------

Other and unknown---------------------------

Totall

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

place of X-ray.

by area of body X-rayed, accord-collected during April-September

Area of body X-rayed

Chest Abdo- Extrem-Head

men ities andneck1


47.8

42.9

42.0

98.8

65.3

29.4

34.7

26.7

*

19.9

15.3

14.1

23.9

*

8.8

7.5

8.4

7.4

*

6.0

‘Includes unknown body area.

doctors’ offices were for X-rays of the chest.There were proportionately more medical X-rayexposures of the abdomen at a hospital than in adoctor’s office.

Tables 9 and 10 show the place of visit forchest X-rays by selected demographic character-istics. Children under 15 were more likely toreceive chest X-rays in a hospital, whiIe a sizableproportion of the population 15-44 years of agereceived chest X-rays in other places such asschools and industrial clinics, where job andschool related X-rays are frequently required.Although about half of each color group shownin tables 9 and 10 received chest X-rays in thehospital, white persons were more likely to re-ceive chest X-rays in doctors’ offices while otherpersons were more likely to go elsewhere for theX-ray. As family income increased, persons wereless likely to obtain chest X-rays in a hospitaland more likely to obtain them in a doctor’soffice. A similar pattern is noted for increased

educational attainment of the head of thefamily.

Tables 11 and 12 show the place of visit forX-rays of body areas other than the chest by thesame demographic characteristics. The WestRegion had the highest proportion of the popu-lation reporting X-rays of other body areas indoctors’ offices, and the Northeast Region hadthe lowest proportion with visits to doctors’ of-fices for all X-rays except those of the chest.Persons in higher income categories and groupswith higher education for the head of the familywere more likely to receive X-rays for all bodyareas other than the chest in doctors’ officesthan in a hospital.

Table G shows a comparison of the currentdata for medical X-ray visits by body area andplace of visit with data collected in previousyears. Data for 1970 show an increase in theproportion of visits which were for the purposeof X-raying extremities. There was an increase in

Table G. Percent distribution of medical X-ray visits by area o f body X-rayed and placeof X-ray: United States, July 1960-June 1961, April-June 1964, April-September 1.970

Area of body and placeof X-ray

All medical X-ray visitsl ------------------

Area of body

Chest--------------------------------------------

Abdomen .......----------- ------------------------

Extremities ---------------- ---------------- -..---

Head and neck2 -------- -----.-- -------- -----------

Place of X-ray

Hospital -----------------------------------------

Doctor’s office----------------------------------

Other and unknown .------- -------- -------- ----.c--

EIx15i!=Percent distribution

100.0

59.9

24.7

16.0

8.2

50.0

26.8

23.2

100.0

60.1

34.9

15.3

10.8

54.3

25.1

20.6

100.0

63.9

39.3

20.5

10.0

58.4

25.1

16.5

lThe SUITIof the visits by body area X-rayed may be greater than the total number ofvisits, since during one visit more than one body area may have been X-rayed.

21ncludes unknown body area in all three years. In 1961 and 1964 skin X-rays include-d. In 1970 skin X-rays were coded to specific areas of body.

10

1970 in the proportion of visits to hospitals anda decrease in proportion of visits to other places.Generally, thh decrease is due to less frequentutilization of mobile units for X-rays.

DENTAL X-RAY VISITS

The following data on dental X-ray visitsmay be more meaningful to readers if referenceis made to other reports on dental care from theNational Health Survey. The most recent one,Dental Visits, Volume and Interval Since LastVisit, United States, 1969,4 shows data on in-terval, frequency, and volume of visits by thesame variables shown in this report.

There were an estimated 68 million dentalX-ray visits, or an average of 34 per 100 persons,during 1970 (table 13). Figure 7 compt.res theage distribution of persons making dental X-rayvisits and the age distribution of those making

.-%,,,,,,,,,*,* Dental X.ray vitim,... %,,,,,●*..

%,,,,,,,..%,,,

●*,,,,*%,,,,

,~cAGE IN YEARS

Figure 7. Comparison of rates per 100 persons per year of dentalX-ray visits and dental visits by age.

so

r

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 8. Dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year by sex andage.

dental visits of all Icinds.s The curves are similarand indicate that during one of every four orfive dental visits an X-ray procedure is per-formed. For the group over 65 years, only onein seven dental visits involves dental X-rays. Thisis probably because more people in this groupare concerned with dentures when making den-tal visits.

At all ages, females had a higher rate ofdental X-ray visits than males (figure 8). In thegroups under 15 years and over 65 years, how-ever, this difference was not significant. Thelargest gap came in the age group 15-29 years, inwhich dental care of all descriptions is increas-ingly used by females for cosmetic purposes.Another cause for the peak in dental X-ray visitsamong females in this group may be the beliefthat dental care is especially important duringperiods of pregnancy.

The rate of dental X-ray visits was threetimes as high for white persons as for persons of

11

all other races (table 13). Income distributionmay account for a part of this difference. Only17.9 percent of white persons have annual fam-ily incomes of less than $5,000, while 41.0 per-cent of all other persons fall into this category.

Other factors which contribute to this gapmay be lesser need for dental X-rays among allother groups or inability or unwillingness to ob-tain them. Data on dental conditions gathered inthe Health Examination Survey reveal significant

racial differences. Although Negroes at all ageshave more decayed, untreated teeth than whitepersons, the total number of decayed, missing,and filled teeth per person is less for Negro thanfor white.6 ~7 In other words, Negroes havehealthier teeth but receive less frequent dentalattention than white persons. This pattern intotal dental care is probably reflected in patternsfor dental X-ray visits.

As population density increases, so doesthe average rate of dental X-ray visits (table 14and figure 9). Persons living in SMSA’S, whichare primarily urbanized areas, had the highestrate in every age group.

100.0 r

~ 60.0.

2~>>s 40.0

x

<$

Eg 20.0

E

;~

z0.0

Under 15 15.29 30-44 45 and over

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 9. Number of dental X-ray visits par 100 persons per year

by place of residence and age.

100.0Ed

Y

-[

En NortheastE2 BB.

North Cmtml

~ ao.og E% ‘“’h

666

53.2

d?.1

3044

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 10. Number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year by geographic region and age.

12

The rate of dental X-ray visits was highestfor persons living in the West and lowest forthose living in the South. In all regions, the agegroup 15-29 years had the highest rate (table 15and figure 10). In the West, persons 45 years andover had a rate of dental X-ray visits almosttwice as high as in the rest of the country. Therates for this older age group were not signifi-cantly different in the other three regions. TheWest was also the only region in which there wasno significant drop in visits for the group 30-44years.

The rate of dental X-ray visits was directlyrelated to the rise in family income (table 16).As income rises persons are Iikely to make moreuse of orthodontics and preventive dentistry.Persons in the lower income groups probablyincur expenses for dental X-rays only on thebasis of immediate need.

The pattern for education resembles thatfor income, viz., the higher the educational level

of the head of family the higher the rate of den-tal X-ray visits (table 17). This seems reasonablesince, in general, higher income is associatedwith higher educational levels. However, whenincome is held constant, the relative number ofpersons with dental X-ray visits increases witheducation, although the increase is greater at thehigher income level shown @ table H.

Table J presents the rate of dental X-rayvisits by selected characteristics for 1961, 1964,and 1970. In most categories the rates showedeither stability or a slight decline from 1961 to1964. By 1970, however, all but three of therates has surpassed their 1961 value. A briefsummary of the changes in the past decade in-cludes the following points:

1. The overall rate of dental X-ray visitswas up 23 percent from the 1961figure.

Table H. Number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, by family income,education of head of family, and age: United States, based on data colleceed duringApril-September 1970

Age

All ages-------

Under 15 years-------

15-29 years----------

30-44 years----------

45 years and over----

45-64 years--------

65 years and over--

II Family income and education of head of familyTotali Less than $7,000

$7,000 or more

Less than 9-12 College Less than 9-129 years years 9 years years College

Number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year

33.8

28.7

47.2

38.5

25.7

30.7

14.6

9.1

*

*.

*

7.4

*

-k

23.4

17.2

33.8

24.0

20.9

22.3

*

44.2

*

62.3

*

*

*

%

19.3

*

29.7

*

13.9

*

>k

38.5

31.8

49.4

35.3

38.9

41.1

>k

62.4

52.6

76.5

64.7

58.5

61.7

*

1Includes unknown education.

13

Table J. Number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons perye~r,_.by selected charac-terisitcs: United States, July 1960-June 1961, April-June 1964, April-September 1970

Characteristic

All persons with dental X-ray visitsl ------

Age

15 years-----------------------------------

years--------------------------------------

years--------------------------------------

Under

15-29

30-44

45 years and over--------------------------------

45-64 years-------- -------- ------------------ ---

65 years and over------------------------------

&

Male ---------------------------------------------

Color

White --------------------------------------------

All other----------------------------------------

Place of residence

SMSA---------------------------------------------

Outside SMSA nonfarm -----------------------------

Outside SMSA farm--------------------------------

Geographic Region

Northeast ------------------------ ----------------

North Central-------- ----------------- ------------

S OUth--------------------------------------------

West ---------------------------------------------

Familv income

Less than $7,000-------- -------- ----------------

$7,000 or more ----------------------------------

July 1960- April-June June1961 1964

I {

Number of dental X-ray visitsper 100 persons per year

27.4

21.4

40.8

35.3

19.9

23.9

10.4

23.9

30.7

29.0

15.5

---

---

---

32.7

24.0

18.9

41.3

20.8

45.3

26.8

20.6

37.6

36.0

20.2

25.1

9.5

23.7

29.8

29.2

8.8

30.8

20.9

12.4

32.2

24.7

17.2

39.5

18.5

39.9

33.8.—

28.7

47.2

38.5

25.7

30.7

14.6

30.4

36.9

36.9

12.1

38.6

26.2

16.9

36.1

31.7

24.7

50.4

19.5

43.6


14

2. The largest increases by age came inthe under 15 and the over 65 groups.

3. The rate for males increased morethan the rate for females.

4. During the period 1961-1970, the rateof dental X-ray visits for white per-sons went up 27 percent, while therate for all others decreased 22 percent.

However, during this period the rate of

dental visits has remained relatively

constant for both population groups.

5. From 1964 to 1970 the largest in:crease by place of residence was

among the farm population.

6. Rates went up most in the North Cen-tral and the South and least in theNortheast.

7. There was no significant change in therate of dental X-ray visits by incomecategories.

REFERENCES

1U.S. National Health Survey: Volume of X-ray.visits, United States, July 1960-June 1961. Health Statk-tics. PHS Pub. No. 584-B38. Public Health “Service.Washington, D.C. Oct. 1962.

2Division of Radiological Health and National Cen-ter for Health Statistics: Population exposure to X-rays,U.S. 1964. PHS Pub. No. 1519- Public Health Service.Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.

3 National Center for Health Statistics: Current esti-mates from the Health Interview Survey, United States,1970. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1O-NO. 72.DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 72-1054. Washington. U.S.Government Printing Office, May 1972.

4National Center for Health Statistics: Dentalvisits, volume and interval since last visit, United States,1969. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10-No. 76.DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1502. Washington. U.S.Government Printing Office, July 1972.

5National Center for Health Statistics: Current esti-mates from the Health Interview Survey, United States,1970. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1O-NO. 72.DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 72-1054. Washington. U.S.Government Printing Office, May 1972. (Table 18)

6National Center for Health Statistics: Decayed,missing, and filled teeth in adults, United States,1960-1962. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 1l-No. 23. Public Health Service. Washing-ton. U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 1967.

7National Center for Health Statistics: Decayed,missing, and filled teeth among children, United States.Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Senes11-No.1 06. Washington. U.S. Government. Printing Of-fice, Aug. 1971.

15

Table 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

Medical X-Ray Visits by Color, Residence, Region, Family IncOme,Education of Head of Family, Sex, and Age Page

Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year,by color, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970---

Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visitsby place of residence, sex,

per 100 persons per year,and age: United States, based on data collected during April-

September 1970 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year,by geographic region, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-Sep-tember 1970----------- ---------------- --------- ---------------- ------- --------- -------- --------

Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year,by family income, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September1970-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year,by education of head of family, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected duringApril-September 1970--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Medical X-Ray Visits by Area of Body X-Rayed

Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year,by area of body X-rayed, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Areas of Body X-Rayed by Place of X-Ray

Number of body areas X-rayed, by place of X-ray and age: United States, based on data col-lected during April-September 1970-----------------------------------------------------------

Percent distribution of areas of body X-rayed by place of X-ray, according to age: UnitedStates, based on data collected during April-September 1970----------------------------------

Number of chest X-ray visits, by place of X-ray visit and selected characteristics: UnitedStates, based on data collected during April-September 1970----------------------------------

Percent distribution of chest X-ray visits by place of X-ray visit, according to selectedcharacterisitcs : United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970----------

Number of areas of body (except chest) X-ray ed,by place of X-ray, according to selected char-acteristics: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970--------------

Percent distribution of areas of body (except chest) X-rayed by place of X-ray, according toselected characteristics: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970-

Dental X-Ray Visits by Color, Residence, Region, Family Income,Education of Head of Family, Sex, and Age

Number of dental X-ray visits and number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, bycolor, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970------

Number of dental X-ray visits and number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, byplace of residence, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April- Sep-.tember l97O----------------------------------------------------------------------------------"

Number of dental X-ray visits and number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, bygeographic region, sex, and age :United States, based on data collected during April-September1970-- --------------------------------------------------- ----.-----.-------- ------------------

Number of dental X-ray visits and number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, byfamily income, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September1970-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number of dental X-ray visits and number of dental X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, byeducation of head of family,sex,and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970---- ------------------------------ ------------------------- ----------------------

Population

Population used in obtaining rates shown in this publication, by color,place of residence, sex,and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970------------------

Population used in obtaining rates shown in this publication, by geographic region, sex, andage: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970----------------------

Population used in obtaining rates shown in this publication, by family income, sex, and age:United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970---------------------------

Population used in obtaining rates shown in this publication, by education of head of family,sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September I,970-------------

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

2&

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

16

Table 1. Nurnberof medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 per-sons per year, by color, e-, and =@: United States, based on data collected duringApril-September 1970

[Data are based on_bousehold interviews of the civilian, noninstitutional population. The survey design, general qualifications,

and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix II]

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ~ges-------.-.------------

Under 15 years ----------------------15-29 years -------------------------30-44 years -------------------------

45 years and over -------------------45-64 years -----------------------

65 years and over-----------------

Male

All ages------------------------

Under 1S years----------------------15-29 years-------------------------

30-44 years-------- -------- ---------45 years and over-------------------

45-64 years -----------------------65 years and over-----------------

Female

All ages------------------------

Under 15 years ----------------------15-29 years -------------------------30-44 years -------------------------

45 years and over-------------------45..64years-----------------------

65 years and over-----------------

EI!EEIENumber of medical X-ray

visits in thousands

111,751

14,36926,08422,13749,16033,97815,182

54,457

8,80912,6149,83023,20516,1367,069

57,293

5,56013,47012,30725,95617,8428,114

100,589

12,42523,24219,54445,37830,88514,494

49,178

7,48411,3718,851

21,47214,7356,737

51,411

4,94111,87110,69323,90616,1497,757

11,162

1,9442,8422,5933,7823,094

*

5,279

1,3241,;:;

1,7331,401

*

5,882

1,59:1,6142,0501>693

*

EIIEEIzNumber of medical

X-ray visits per 100persons per year

55.9

24.455.465.981.582.379.9

56.6

29.456.3.60.983.782.187.4

55.3

19.354.6;;.;

82:474.4

57.5

25.156.765.782.882.783.1

58.2

29.658.161.385.182.791.0

56.8

20.455.469.980.882.777.2

45.1

20.946.767.168.878.2

*

45.0

28.343.857.369.176.9

*

45.1

49.;75.068.679.3

*

17

Table 2. Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, byplace of residence, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970

[Datame based on immjebold ir@rviews of the civilian, ncminstitut.ional population. The survey design, genemd qualifications, and information on t.bereliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions oftemm aregivenin appendix H]

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages------------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------------

45-64 years-------------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------------

Male

All ages--------------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------------45-64 years-------------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------------

Female

All ages--------------------------------------------------



Both sexes

All ages------------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------------45-64 years-------------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------------

Male

All ages--------------------------------------------------

Under 15 years----T-------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------------45-64 years-------------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------------

Female

All ages--------------------------------------------------



Outside SMSAAl1

residences SMSA

Nonfarm Farm

Number of medical X-ray visits

111,751

14,36926,08422,13749,16033,97815,182

54,457

8,80912,6149,83023>20516,1367,069

57,293

5,56013,47012,30725,95617,8428,114

in thousands

76,933

9,72618,73315,18633,28723,3459,942

36,640

5,7158,7896,59515,54010,8444,697

40,293

4,0119,9448,59217,747I12,5025,245,

31,425

4,3186,8486,36513,8949,3224,573

16,291

2,9173,6062,9386,829:,;:;2

15.135

1,4013,2423,4277,0654,4542,611

3.392

*9<

1,97;1,311

-k

1,527

‘k*

83;**

1,865——

*9<?’<

1,144886*

Number of medical X-ray visits per 100persons per year

55.9

24.455.465.981.5;$;

56.6

29.456.360.983.782.187.4

55.3

19.354.670.579.782.474.4

59.8

26.161.268.686.186.884.6

60.0

30.361.062.388.585.496.5

59.9

21.861.474.584.188.076.2

50.0

22.5::.$

74:675.872.2

53.4

29,751.058,979.182.671.6

46.9

15.042.165.270.769.672.6

40.6

**

65.;62.2

*

35.4

>?*

54.:**

46.2

*fc*

77.684.2

*

18

Table 3. Number of medical x-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, bygeographic region, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970

@atawe basedonhouseholdhterviewsofthecivilian,.o~nstit.tiomlpopulatb”.The survey desiga, general qualifications, and infmnatbn O. thereliability of the estimates ars given in appsndix I. Definiticmsof terms aregivenin appendix 1~

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------45-64 years-------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------

Male

All ages--------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------15-29 years ---------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------45 years and over ---------------------------------------

45-64 years -------------------------------------------65 years and over -------------------------------------

Female

All ages--------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------30-44 years------------------------................-----45 years and over---------------------------------------45-64 years--------..---------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------

Both sexes

All ages------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------15-29 years........--------------------------.-----------30-44 years---------------------------------------------45 years and over--------.------------------------------

45-64 years-------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------

J@k

All ages--..-.--..................-------------------

Under 15 years.......--------------------.......--------15-29 years---------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------45-64 years.................---------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------

Female

All ages--------------------------------------------

Under 15 years------------------------------------------15-29 years---------------------------------------------30-44 years---------------------------------------------45 years and over---------------------------------------45-64 years-------------------------------------------65 years and over-------------------------------------

Al=North- Northeast CentralAllregionsNumber of medical X-ray visits in thousands

111.751 25.913 31,422 33,029 21.387

14,36926,08422,13749,16033,97815,182

54,457

8,80912,614

9,83023,2051;,::$

3

57,293

5,56013,47012,30725,95617,842

8,114

3,3715,1625,527

11,8537,9803,874

13,050

2,0422,6812,7985,5303,6801,849

12.862

4,1668,6796,13112,4478,9983,449

14,756

2,3163,6832,5156,2414,6441,597

16.667

4,2967,4145,99915,32010,4334,887

16,017

3,0183,8622,5496,5894,5842,005

17,011

1,2783,552;,$;:

5:8492,882

2,5374,829;, ;;:

6:5692,972

10,634

1,4322,3891,9684,8453,2281,618

10,753

1,3282,4812,7306>3234,2992,024

1,8494,9963,6156,2064,3531,853

1,1052,4412,512;,::;

1:354

Number of medical X-ray visits per 100persons per : m

54.3

23.851.058.485.485.884.7

54.4

55.9

24.455.465.981.5;;:;

56.6

53.5

24.8;;.;

75:373.878.8

56.6

55.5—

24.3:5.;

73:678.263.8

53.6

62.9

25.358.175.698.296.3

102.8

65.6

28.562.970.9

105.195.7

130.9

60.5

;:.;

60:983.782.187.4

55.3

30.151.471.277.472.788.7

50.7

;;.;

54:980.385.568.4

57.3

32.155.252.480.379.382.5

54.3

19.354.670.579.782.474.4

19.543.3;5.:

74:771.4

22.172.577.167.871.760.3

14.747.163.889.891.786.2

22.054.279.792.096.981.8

1s!

Table 4. Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, by fam-ily income, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970

[Data are basedonhousehold,nterviewsoftheciv,l,a.,ncm,nst]tutimalpop.lat]on.The survey design, general q.alif]cations, and information cm the reliabilityof theestlmates aregtvenln appendixl. Definitions of terms aregiven inappendixlIl

Family income

Sex and age Allincomes] Lessthan

$3,000 $9,999 $14,999 more

Number of medical X-ray visits in thousandsBoth sexes

All ages--------------------------- 111,751

14,36926,08422,13749,16033,97815,182

54>457

8,80912,6149,830

23,20516,1367,069

57,293

5,56013,47012,30725,95617,8428,114

12,466

1,4302,627

8927,5162,8904,627

5,074

13.537 14.260 21.801 24.412 17.917

Under 15 years ---------------------------15-29 years ------------------------------30-44 years------------------------------45 years and over------------------------

45-64 years ----------------------------65 years and over----------------------

Male

All ages-----------------------------

9272,6471,9278,0364,9343,102

6,494

2,0333,9602,3895,8783,8792,000

7,138

3,0565,5045,1428,0997,125

974

10,444

3,7395,2666,3999,0097,0791,930

12,919

2,4814,696;,;;;

5;886853

8,604

1,6802,7172,1953,8523,404

;t

11.357

2,4332,5712,8785,0373,8121,225

11,493

1,5121,9351,9273,2302,820

>V

9,313

Under 15 years ---------------------------15-29 years ------------------------------30-44 years ------------------------------45 years and over------------------------

45-64 years----------------------------65 years and over----------------------

Fsmale

All ages-----------------------------

1,0771,259

?,2,559

9881,571

7,392

,,,

1,368>,{

4,9571,9023,055

>,(

1,412810

3,7192,1281,591

7.043

1,1611,9701,1152,8931,7391,154

7.122

Under 15 years---------------------------15-29 years------------------------------30-44 years------------------------------45 years and over ------------------------


1,23;1,1174,3172,8061,511

8721,9901,2752,9852,140

845

1,3762,7872,947:,;;;,

*

1,3062,6953,5213,9713,267

*

9692,7612,0753,5093,066

>t

Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per yearBoth sexes

All ages --------------------------- 55.9 61.9

35.863.658.371.673.170.7

61.5

53.463.0,,,

69.673.767.2

62.2

63.4—

16.054.381.396.7117.175.6

67.4

62.;82.2104.8130.782.9

60.1

52.6—==+====

57.8

29.063.863.177.177.971.8

55.5

34.455.162.971.271.0

*

60.1

23.37L.763.283.585.7

*

Under 15 years ---------------------------15-29 years ------------------------------30-44 years ------------------------------45 years and over------------------------


U

All ages-----------------------------

24.4;;.;

81:582.379.9

56.6

29.456.360.983.782.187.4

55.3

23.956.559.077.672.689.6

54.7

26.460.759.682.271.8

104.9

50.5

21.352.958.573.673.374.6

22.9 25.155.6 47.671.4 63.885.1 86.791.4 78.556.4 140.4

Under 15 years---------------------------15-29 years------------------------------30-44 years------------------------------45 years and over------------------------

45-64 years ----------------------------65 years and over ----------------------

Female

All ages-----------------------------

Under 15 years---------------------------15-29 years ------------------------------30-44 years ------------------------------45 years and over------------------------


19.354.670.579.7;:.:

.

,,,64.3

>b72.772.872.7

;;.;

90:6108.669.2


20

Table 5. Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year, by educationof head of family, sex, and age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970

[@tsarebasedon household interviews of the civilian, noninstitutional population. The s.rwy design, general qualifications, rind inform.tion cm the reliability CJ theestimates aregive~ in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix Ij

mNumber of medical X-ray visits in thousands

Sex and age

Both sexes

111.751 26.831 21.570 33.864All ages------------------------------------------- -

Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years ----------------------------------------------30-44 years----------------------------------------------45 years and over----------------------------------------

45-64 years--------------------------------------------65 years and over--------------------------------------

14,36926,08422,13749,16033,97815,182

54,457

8,80912,6149,83023,20516,1367,069

57,293

5,56013,47012,30725,95617,8428,114

2,6053,2173,437

17,57210,5976,975

13,379

1,6971,7541,2918,6375,2443,393

13,452

9081,4632,1468,9355,353 ~3,582!

2,7934,6604,5769,5416,5932,949

9,932

1,6832,0232,0374,1892,8121,377

11,639

1,1102,6372,5395,3523,7811,572

4,8599,1917,640

12,1749,6602,514

16,485

2,9504,3643,3085,8645,:::

17,379

1,9094,8264,3336,3114,6051,705

1,563 2,4514,375 4,4573,259 3,1784,293 5,0862,933 3,9021,359 1,185

--L=All ages---------------------------------------------Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years----------------------------------------------30-44 years ----------------------------------------------45 years and over----------------------------------------

45-64 years --------------------------------------------65 years and over--------------------------------------

983 1,4602,295 2,1091,585 1,5991,797 2,4731,094 1,787

,’r ?<

Female

All ages--------------------------------------------- 6,830 I 7,531

Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years ----------------------------------------------30-44 years ----------------------------------------------45 years and over----------------------------------------


9912,08; 2,3481,674 1,5792,495 2>6131,839 2,115

* >k

Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 personsBoth sexes per year -

All ages-------------------------------------------- 55.9 58.4 57.754.1 I 59.6 54.7



24.455.465.981.5;3.:

.

56.6

29.456.360.983.782.187.4

55.3

19.354.670.579.782.474.4

22.6 24.639.0 55.557.5 76.174.7 91.878.7 86.369.5 107.2

24.058.167.184.084.482.2

55.9

23.561.279.083.275.6

106.2

59.0

29.367.955.590.391.7

*

59.4A- 57.2;;.:

71:688.676.8

129.1

All ages ---------------------------------------------



28.840.346.180.284.874.0

28.760.461.688.6;;.:

.

53.6

19,256.272.180.177.587.9

29.166.076.676.157.4

*

57.8

56.;81.389.193.2

*

34.370.155.291.985.7113.4

56.1

24.166.055.988.897.5

*

Female

All ages ---------------------------------------------

T52.2 61.9

16.0 20.035.1 59.967.5 80.170.1 94.573.4 95.165.6 93.4



lIncludes unknown education.

21

Table 6. Number of medical X-ray visits and number of medical X-ray visits per 100 persons per year,body X-rayed, sex,

by area ofand age: United States, based on data collected during April-September 1970

[Dakare based onhousehold interviews of theciv,llan, nonlnstitut,onal population. Thesurvey des,gn, general qualifications, andinformaticm onthereliabiIity of the

eslLmaLes are given in appendix I. De f,mkmsofterms aregiven inappendlx I~

Sex and age

Both sexes

All ages-------------------------------------------

Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years ----------------------------------------------30-44 years ----------------------------------------------45 yeara and over ----------------------------------------


Male

All ages---------------------------------------------


45-64 years --------------------------------------------65 years and over --------------------------------------

Female

All ages---------------------------------------------


45-64 years --------------------------------------------65 yeara and over--------------------------------------

Both sexes

All ages -------------------------------------------

Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years----------------------------------------------30-44 years ----------------------------------------------45 years and over ----------------------------------------


All ages---------------------------------------------

Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years ----------------------------------------------30-44 years ----------------------------------------------45 years and over ----------------------------------------


Female

All ages---------------------------------------------

Under 15 years -------------------------------------------15-29 years ----------------------------------------------30-44 years ----------------------------------------------45 years and over ----------------------------------------


Number of medical X-ray visits in thousands

111,751—

14,36926,08422,13749,16033,97815,182

54,457

8,80912,614

9,83023,20516,136

7,069

57,293

5,56013,47012,30725,95617,842

8,114

71,387—

6,01215,77815,75133, B4623,06810,778

34,881

3,7537,6877,591

15,85010,875

4,975

36,506

2,2598,0918,160

17,99612,193

5,803

19,669 [ 24,298

I1,693 1,3934,213 ;,&3,730

10,033 13;0895,849 8,6294,183 4,459

-Q@-@-@814 832

1,765 1,7471,659 2,4134,104 5>7832,595 4,1201,509 1,664

--L11,328879

2,4482,0715,9293,2542,675

13,524

9C2,6932,9647,3064,5102,796

22,883—

6,4336,2473,1077,0955,2661,830

11,803

3,5233,9661,4752,8402,267

*

11.081

2,9112,2821,6334,2562,9991,257

10,892

1,8872,4331,7504,8223,1141,708

5,913

1,2821,440

*2,3931,574

820

4.979

*992953

2,4291,541

888

Number of medical X-ray visits per 100 personsper year

55.9—

24.455.465.981.582.379.9

56.6

29.456.360.983.782.187.4

55.3

19.354.670.579.782.474.4

35.7—

10.233.546.956.155.856.8

36.2

12.534.347,057.255.461.5

35.2

3;::46.755.356.353.2

9.8

2.9

1!:?16.614.222.0

8.7

2.7

1::;14.813.218.7

10.9

3.0

1?:;18.215.024.5

12.2

N16.021.720.923.5

11.2

2.8

lZ::20.921.020.6

13.1

10.;17.022.420.825.6

lThe sum of viSits by area of body X-rayed may be greater than the total number of visitsvisit more than one bodv area may be X-raved.

11.5—

10.913.3

1?::12.7

9.6

12.3

11.817.7

1:::11.5

*

10.7

10.1

;::13.113.811.5

, since during one

2There were an estimated 323,000 thous&d X-ray visits for which body area was unknown.

22

Table 7. N’umbexof body areas X-rayed, by place of X-ray and age: United States, based on datacollected during April-September 1970

Dataarebased on household interviews of the civilian, ndtinstitutional population. The survey design, general qualifications, and informationon thereliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix ID

Area of body and age

All areas of body

All ages-----------------------------------

Under 15 years--------.--------------------------15-29 years---.-----------.----------------------30-44 years----.---.-----------------------------45 years and over--------------------------------

45-64 years-------------------------.----------65 years and over------------------------------

Chest

All ages------------.------------------------

Under 15 years------------.-----------.------.----15-29 years------,.----------------------.--------30-44 years--------------------------- -----------45 years and over--------------------------------

45-64 years--------------------------- ---------65 years and over------------------------------

Abdomen

All ages-------------------------------------

Under 15 years-----------------------------------15-29 yeara------------------------ --------------30-44 years--------------------------------------45 years and over--------------------------------

45-64 years------------------------------------65 years and over------------------------------

Extremities

All ages-------------------------------------

Under 15 years---------------- -------------------15-29 years------------------------------.-------30-44 years---------------------------------------45 years and over--------------------------------45-64 years-------------------.----------------65 years and over------------------------------

Head and neckl

All ages--------------------------- ----------

Under 15 years--.---a----------------------------15-29 years-----------------------------.--------30-44 years--------------------------------------45 years and over--------------------------------


Place of X-ray

Total Other

Hospital D~;;~;s Mobile andunit

k%wnII I I #

Number of areas of body in thousafids

149,45:

17,47033,18529,79769,002

. 45,98923,012

71,38j

6,01115,77E15,75133,84t23,06t10,778

43,967

3,0868,6539,10723,12214,4798,643

22,883

6,4336,2473,1077,0955 j 2661,830

11,215

1,9382,5071,8314,9393,1771,762

87,332

11,79317,37515,96542,19827,29014,908

37,445

4,2137,0627,589

18,5801:,;;;

2

30,270

2,1265,1865,736

17,22210,5206,702

12,296

3,8683,4811,3433,6042,839

*

7,322

1,5871,6461,2982,7921,7271,064

37,466

4,2948,7247,539

16,90911,0915,818

15,744

9863,3313,3478,081;,:::*

9,993

2,52;2,3254,4733,0361,437

8,968

2,3402,1631,4872,9792,000

980

2,760

**

1,37:814*

6,288

1,66:1,9082,5952,112

*

6,213

1,65;1,9082,5412,101

*

*

******

*

******

*

******

18,366

1,2665,4164,3847,2995,4961,803

11,985

3,72?2,9084,6433,5221,121

3,661

94;1,0461,;;:

*

1,609

******

1,111

******

lI,ncludesunknown body area.

23

Table 8. Percent distribution of areas of body X-rayed by place of X-ray,according to age: UnitedStates, based on data collected during April-September 1970

@atswe based cm household interviews of tbe civilian, noninstitutional population. The survey design, general qualifications, and informationon thereliability of theestimstes are given in appendix I. Definitions ofteons are given in appendix ID

Area of body and age

All areas of body

All ages-.-.--.--.-----------.--.----------

Under 15 years-----------------------------------15-29 years--------------------------------------30-44 years--------------------------------------45 years and over--------------------------------


Chest

All ages-------------------------------------



Abdomen

All ages-------------------------------------



Extremities

All ages-------------------------------------



Head and neckl

All ages-------------------------------------

Under 15 years--..--..---------------------------15-29 years-----------------------.--------------30-44 years--------------------------------------45 years and over--------------------------------

45-64 years------------------------------------65 years and over--------.................---.-

Total

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0Loo.o100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

Place of X-ray

~ ‘:%:e ‘:


58.4

67.552.453.661.259.364.8

52.5

70.144.8::.;

52:959.2

68.8

68.959.963.074.572.777.5

53.7

60.155.743.250.853,9

*

65.3

81.965.770.956.554.460.4

25.1

24.626.325.324.524.125.3

22.1

16.421.121.223.922.726.3

22.7

*29.125.5

39.2

36.434.647.942.038.053.6

24.6

***

27.925.6

*

10.;12.17.59.1*

*

******

*

******

*

******

12.3

1:::14.710.612.07.8

16.8

23.;18.513.715.310.4

8.3

10.;11.5

N*

7.0

******

9.9

******

1Includes unknown body area.

24

Table 9. Number of chest x.rayvi~its, by place Of X-ray visit and selected characteristics:

United States, based on data collectedduringApril-Septetier1970

~ataam basedon household interviews of the civilian, ncminst.itutional population. The survey design, general qualifications, and informationon the reliability of the estimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are givenin appendix I~

Characteristic

Total chest X-ray Visitsl ------------------

AEe

15 years-----------------------------------years--------------------------------------years--------------------------------------

45 yea?s and over--------------------------------45-64 years------------------------------------65 years and over------------------------------

Sex

Male---------------------------------------------Female--.----------------------------------------

Color

White--------------------------------------------All other----------------------------------------

Place of residence

SMSA---------------------------------------------Outside SMSA nonfarm-----------------------------Outside SMSA fa~--------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------West ---------------------------------------------

Family income

Less than $3,000---------------------------------$3,000-$4,999-------.----------------------------$5,000-$6,999------------------------------------$7,000-$9,999------------------------------------$~o,ooo-$l4,999----------------------------------$15,000 Or more----------------------------------

Education of head of family

Less than 9 years --------------------------------:il;egs --.------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------13-15 years--------------------------------------16 years or more---------------------------------

llncludes~n~ow income and education.

Place of X-ray

I I I

Number of chest X-ray visits in thousands

71,387

6,01215,77815,75133,84623,06810,778

34,88136>506

62,8838,504

48,9892;>;;:

>

16,16119,62021,79013,816

8,4448,8199,50713,45515,27211,004

18,521L2,53221,0669,16392604

37.445

4,2137,0627,58918,58012,2036,378

17,70619,739

33,0204,425

24,70611,5621,177

8,96210,64510,8456,993

4,9565,1204,9417,1937,3955,150

10,6066,68111,275:,;;;s

15,744

9863>3313,3478,0815,2422,840

7,9937,751

14,6361,109

10,9344,276

*

3,0093,9435>0283,764

1,4891,6172,0692,9213,5213,190

3,6892,5664,3792,0262,971

6,213

1,65;1,9082,5412,101

*

2,9153,299

5,2131,001

;,;;;>

*

1,3822,0072,059

*

9:

97;1,1151,794

*

1,1731,2632,102

94:

11,985

3,72;2,9084,643;,;;:>

6,2675,717

10,0151,969

8,9212,765

*

2,8083,0253,8582,294

1,4671,462;,;;;

2;5631,876

3,0532,0223>3081,8241,683

25

Table 10. Percent distribution ofchest X-ray visits bycharacteristics: United States, f

lace of X-ray visit,according to selectedbased on data co lected during April-September 1970

~atame based cm household interviews of the citilian, noninstitutional population. The survey design, general qualifications, and informationonthereliability of theestimates are given in appendix I. Definitions of terms are given in appendix I]

Characteristic

Total chest X-ray visitsl------------------

Age—



Sex

Male---------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------

Color

White --------------------------------------------All other----------------------------------------

Place of residence

SMSA---------------------------------------------Outside SMSA nonfarm-----------------------------Outside SMSA farm--------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------West -------------------------------------------.-

Family income

Less than $3,000---------------------------------$3,000-$4,999------------------------------------$5,000-$6,999--------------------------------------$7,ooo-$9,999------------------------------------$lo,ooo-$l4,999----------------------------------$15,000 or more----------------------------------

Education of head of family

Less than 9 years--------------------------------9-11 years----------------------------------------12 years-----------------------------------------13-15 years--------------------------------------16 years or more---------------------------------

II

LTotal Hospital100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100,0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0Loo.0100.0

Place of X-ray

OtherDoctor’s Mobile andoffice unit

k%wn


52.5

70.144.8;;.;

52:959.2

50.854.1

52.552.0

50.457.056.2

55.554.349.850.6

58.758.152.053.548.446.8

57.353.353.550.741.8

22.1

16.421.121.223.922.726.3

22.921.2

23.313.0

22.321.1

*

18.620.123.127.2

17.618.321.821.723.129.0

19.920.520.822.130.9

8.7

10.;12.1

;::*

8.49.0

1!::

9.08.4*

8.610.29.$

*

10.:

1?:;*

16::10.0

9.:

16.8

23.;18.513.715.310.4

18.015.7

15.923.2

18.213.6

*

17.415.417.716.6

17.416.616.016.516.817.0

:16.516.115.719.917.5

lInclUdes Unknowrl income and education.

26

Table 11. Number of areas of body (except chest) X-rayed, by place of X-ray,according to selectedcharacteristics: United States, based on data collected during April-Septeber 1970

~ata are based OrI household intswiews of the civilian, trmrinstitutiond population. The survey design, genernl qualifications, andinfornrationonthereIiability of theestima@s are given in appendix I. Definitions oftems are givenin appendix Iq

Characteristic

All areas of body (except chest)l?~---------

Age

Under 15 years-----------------------------------15-29 years--------------------------------------30-44 years-----.--------------------------------45 years and over------------------------ --------


Sex

Male---------------------------------------------Female -------------------------------------------

Color

white --------------------------------------------All other----------------------------------------

Place of residence

S~A---- -----------------------------------------Outside SMSA nonfarm-----------------------------Outside SMSA fare --------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast ----------------------------------------?w;~~ Central------------------------------------

----.----------------------------------------west ---------------------------------------------

Family income

Less than $3 000---------------------------------$3,000-$4,99’3------------------------------------$5,000-$6,999 -------- -------- -------- -------- ----

$7,000-$9,999 -------. -------- -------- ------------

$10,000-$14,999 --------------------------- -------

$15,00

Documents

Volumeof X=Ray Visits(films or fluoroscopic views). For similar reasons the X-ray visits were classified in terms of five general areas of the body rather than such speci-fic parts