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Visible transitions from ground-state H3+
and their Einstein-B coefficients measured with high-sensitivity action
spectroscopy
Dr Annemieke PetrignaniMPI for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg
(Current affiliation Leiden Observatory)
Royal Society Discussion MeetingChemistry astronomy and physics of H3
+
9-10 February 2012
Outline
bull Introductionbull Action spectroscopy on Cold H3
+ in a 22-pole ion trap
bull Visible Transitions of H3+
ndash Transition Frequenciesndash Einstein B coefficients
bull Conclusions amp Discussion
2
IntroductionTheory
3
Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Ein
stei
n A
Coe
ffic
ient
s
Band Origins (cm-1)
r R
almost no exp data
exp well studied
HorseshoeStates
IntroductionTheory amp Experiment hellip previously
TheorySAH (Schiffels Alijah Hinze) 2003 corrected using [1]
T Oka and co Absorption SpectroscopyPopulation distributed over many J
(overtones and hot bands)High H3 Rydberg background
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003
[2] Gottfried et al 2006 [3] Morong et al 2009
Sensitivity limit reached
Gottfried et al 2006
4
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+(vlt2) + Ar ArH+ + H2
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
5
Ep (eV)
ΔEp (eV)
H2 438
O2 438 0014
Ar 384 055
N 356 083
F 354 086
F2 345 094
Ne 207 232
He 185 254
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+H3+
ArH+H3+ H2+ +ArH3+H3+H3
+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
6
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Outline
bull Introductionbull Action spectroscopy on Cold H3
+ in a 22-pole ion trap
bull Visible Transitions of H3+
ndash Transition Frequenciesndash Einstein B coefficients
bull Conclusions amp Discussion
2
IntroductionTheory
3
Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Ein
stei
n A
Coe
ffic
ient
s
Band Origins (cm-1)
r R
almost no exp data
exp well studied
HorseshoeStates
IntroductionTheory amp Experiment hellip previously
TheorySAH (Schiffels Alijah Hinze) 2003 corrected using [1]
T Oka and co Absorption SpectroscopyPopulation distributed over many J
(overtones and hot bands)High H3 Rydberg background
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003
[2] Gottfried et al 2006 [3] Morong et al 2009
Sensitivity limit reached
Gottfried et al 2006
4
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+(vlt2) + Ar ArH+ + H2
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
5
Ep (eV)
ΔEp (eV)
H2 438
O2 438 0014
Ar 384 055
N 356 083
F 354 086
F2 345 094
Ne 207 232
He 185 254
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+H3+
ArH+H3+ H2+ +ArH3+H3+H3
+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
6
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
IntroductionTheory
3
Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Ein
stei
n A
Coe
ffic
ient
s
Band Origins (cm-1)
r R
almost no exp data
exp well studied
HorseshoeStates
IntroductionTheory amp Experiment hellip previously
TheorySAH (Schiffels Alijah Hinze) 2003 corrected using [1]
T Oka and co Absorption SpectroscopyPopulation distributed over many J
(overtones and hot bands)High H3 Rydberg background
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003
[2] Gottfried et al 2006 [3] Morong et al 2009
Sensitivity limit reached
Gottfried et al 2006
4
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+(vlt2) + Ar ArH+ + H2
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
5
Ep (eV)
ΔEp (eV)
H2 438
O2 438 0014
Ar 384 055
N 356 083
F 354 086
F2 345 094
Ne 207 232
He 185 254
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+H3+
ArH+H3+ H2+ +ArH3+H3+H3
+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
6
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
IntroductionTheory amp Experiment hellip previously
TheorySAH (Schiffels Alijah Hinze) 2003 corrected using [1]
T Oka and co Absorption SpectroscopyPopulation distributed over many J
(overtones and hot bands)High H3 Rydberg background
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003
[2] Gottfried et al 2006 [3] Morong et al 2009
Sensitivity limit reached
Gottfried et al 2006
4
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+(vlt2) + Ar ArH+ + H2
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
5
Ep (eV)
ΔEp (eV)
H2 438
O2 438 0014
Ar 384 055
N 356 083
F 354 086
F2 345 094
Ne 207 232
He 185 254
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+H3+
ArH+H3+ H2+ +ArH3+H3+H3
+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
6
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+(vlt2) + Ar ArH+ + H2
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
5
Ep (eV)
ΔEp (eV)
H2 438
O2 438 0014
Ar 384 055
N 356 083
F 354 086
F2 345 094
Ne 207 232
He 185 254
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+H3+
ArH+H3+ H2+ +ArH3+H3+H3
+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
6
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
H3+H3+
ArH+H3+ H2+ +ArH3+H3+H3
+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
6
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
55 K
Laser
H3+
ArH+
BG nonlaser-inducedArH+
Signallaser-induced
ArH+
7
background sources- photons (minimal)
- ambient- laser (λ dependent)
- ArH+
- initial H3+
- ArH+ lifetime
differential pumping
highP[H2]
lowP[H2]
scintillator + AlPMT + filter
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Action Spectroscopy on Cold H3+
in a 22-pole ion trap
unknown
J=1-2
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
predictions ofSchiffels Alijah Hinze 2003Neale Miller Tennyson 1996
aid searchchoose observable transitions
amp give assignments
Theory ndash
Exp ndash
1014 10131019
T1 T2 T3
16
8
A Petrignani et al 2009
search window up to 10 cm-
1search window up to 10 cm-
1
MH Berg PhD Thesis 2011
NMT96SAH03SAH03c(AA10)(JT pc)
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Transition FrequenciesPreviouslyhellip lt13700 cm-1
TiSa laser bull 103 H3
+ ionsbull 10-45 x fundamental B0001 bull 001 cm-1 absolute resolutionbull 0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 23 Transitions frequencies
bull 17 new 6 knownIn agreement with Gottfried 2003
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
9
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Transition Frequenciesgt15000 cm-1
TiSa amp Dye laser (DCM amp Rh B)bull 104-105 H3
+ ionsbull 10-6 x fundamental B0001 bull 0005 cm-1 absolute resolution bull lt0001 cm-1 relative resolution bull 3 weak transitions lt13700 cm-1 bull 7 transitions gt15000 cm-1
[4] Kreckel et al JCP 129 (2008) 164312[5] M Pavanello et al Phys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
10
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip updated
TheoryNMT Neale Miller Tennyson 1996SAH Schiffels Alijah Hinze
2003 unscaled2003 scaled using [1]
Alijah J Mol Spectrosc 264 (2010) 111 using [1-5]
11
LaboratoryOka amp co [1] Gottfried et al 2003lt13700 cm-1 [2] Gottfried et al 2006
[3] Morong et al 2009 MPI [4] Kreckel et al 2008lt17000 cm-1 [5] M Pavanello et al 2012
total 35 transition frequencies from J=1
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Transition FrequenciesTheory amp Experimenthellip latest status
12
BO+DA
BO+DA+REL
BO Born-Oppenheimer approximationDA Diagonal Adiabatic correctionREL Relativistic effect
M Pavanello et alPhys Rev Lett 108 (2012) 023002
average deviation of 01 cm-1
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
NArH+ B12NH3+PLA[1-exp(-tLITA)]
T105
Relative Normalisation bull Constant conditions
bull Dynamic count range
J=1-210-1100
Einstein B Coefficientsmeasuring line intensities
Absolute Normalisation bull Reference line (000) (031)bull ldquoKnownrdquo Einstein B coefficientbull Measured for every transition
13
VIS ~10-6 x fundamental
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
14Munro et al Mol Phys 104 (2006) 115
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Einstein B CoefficientsTheory amp Experiment
15
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Observation of ro-vibrational levelsndash up to 17200 cm-1 (dissociation ~35000
cm-1)ndash 35 frequencies 18 probabilities
bull Good agreement with theory
bull Resolutionndash Relative lt0001 cm-1
ndash Absolute ~0005 cm-1 (calibration to Li lines)
16
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Conclusions amp Discussion
bull Extend spectroscopy to above 17000 cm-
1
ndash Use Neon or Helium as probe gassesbull lower background lower T
ndash Improve sensitivitybull lower photon background (timing)bull lower non-laser induced ArH+ (pulsed valve)bull increase H3
+
ndash Use improved predictions lt03 cm-1
(10 cm-1 deviation gives ~10 day search)
ndash Prediction-independent search
17
Sensitivity increased by 102
Transitions intensities down to Bij~1017 cm3Js2
Sensitivity limit not reached yet
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
Acknowledgements
Max BergDennis BingFlorian GrussieHolger KreckelAndreas Wolf
Sascha Reinhardt ndash currently at MPI fuumlr Quantenoptik GermanyAP ndash currently at Leiden Observatory NL
Many thanks toJonathan Tennyson and co-workers UCL UK
Alexander Alijah Reims University France
18
19
Thank youfor your attention
19
Thank youfor your attention
