VII. RESULTS

In the present study 249 species of plants included in 202 genera and 81

families (Fig.2) have been recorded which are being potentially exploited by

Jatapu tribals as ethno medicinal plants and other useful plants. Out of the

81 families, Fabaceae was found to be ethno botanically dominant with 16

species used in curing various ailments and other uses, followed by

Euphorbiaceae (11); Caesalpiniaceae (9), Mimosaceae (9) Rutaceae (8)

Lamiaceae (7) Malvaceae (7); Asteraceae, Rubiacea and Verbenaceae (6 each);

Solanaceae, Poaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae and

Zingiberaceae (5 each); Acanthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Liliaceae (4 each) and

other ranging from 1-3 species respectively.

Of the 249 species, 245 were Angiosperms followed by 3 species of

pteridophytes (1.29%). Among angiosperms 217 species are dicotyledons

(87.1%) and 28 (11.2%) are monocotyledons (Fig. 3). Based on morphological

classification, habit-wise, 79 are herbs (31.7%) followed by shrubs 33(13.3%),

89 trees (35.7%) and 48 climbers (19.3%) (Fig.4).

Out of 249 plant species, 199 species are used in ethnomedicine. Jatapu

tribes collect the medicinal herbs in the form of whole plants, leaves, fruits,

bark, seed, tubers, roots, flowers, corms, gum, resin, inflorescence, latex,

rhizome etc., and use them in the preparation of medicines. Among the 199

plant species, they use leaf from 176 species followed by root (132), stem bark

(87), whole plant (48), seed (38) root bark (33), fruit and tuber(28) each,

flowers (22), latex(12), tender leaf and rhizome (11) each stem (9),

inflorescence (8), tubers root (7), gum resin (4), fruit pulp, corm and

gynostegium (3 )each and gum (2).

Out of the 249 ethno botanically effective plant species 199 are used in

ethno medicine shown in Table 2. In these 199 plants 174 are exclusively used

for human ailments where as 25 plant species are used for both human and

veterinary diseases. These 25 plant species and their parts used by Jatapu

tribes in curing 12 veterinary diseases were listed out (table 8). They are used

in veterinary diseases like black quarter, bloat/tympana, snake bite,

210

conjuctivities, cuts wounds scars; fractures, galactogogue, haemmorragic

septicaeia, Opacity cornea, insecticides, rinder pest, trypna somiasis. These

are used for their cattle particularly for cows, oxen, and buffaloes.

In the Jatapu tribes there are 37 main types of ailments reported to be

cured by different parts of various plants as mentioned below. Each disease is

having one or more plant remedies. The diseases and number of plants or

their parts used to cure the diseases are Abortion (8) Anemia (4),

Anthelmentic (5), Asthma (26), Blood pressure (3) Boils (14), Bone fracture

(10) Bronchitis (4) Burns (7), Chest pain (6), Chicken pox (4), Cold (5), Cold&

cough (7) ,Constipation (5), Cough (14), Cuts (5) Dandruff (12), Dysentery (28)

Diabetes( 10) Diarrhea (22), Dysmenorrhoea (7) Earache(6), Epilepsy (13)

Fever (14), Gonorrhea (8) Headache (12) HIV (8) Jaundice (25) Leucorrhoea

(26), Paralysis (9) Piles (5) Rheumatism (12) Rheumatoid arthritis (29), Skin

diseases (8) Snake bite (8) Stomach pain (12) Wounds (13).

In the diseases mentioned above Rheumatic arthritis has more number

of plant remedies (29) followed by dysentery (28), Asthma and Leucorrhoea

(26 each), jaundice (25), Diarrhea (22), Cough, Fever and boils (14 each),

wounds and epilepsy (13 each), Dandruff, Headache, Rheumatism and

Stomach pain (12 each), bone fracture and diabetes (10 each), paralysis (9),

Abortion , Gonorrhea, HIV, Skin diseases and snake bite (8 each),

Dysmenorrheal, earache, Burns and Cold Cough (7 each), Chest pain and

earache (6 each), Anthelmentic, Constipation, Cold, Cuts and Piles (5 each),

Bronchitis, Anaemia and Chickenpox, Blood pressure.

In present study the plants and their parts used for different diseases in

single or as well as in combinations were listed out. Ecliptica prostrata is used

in 27 medicinal practices which include treatment for general weakness,

where it is used in combination with fruit powder of Phyllanthus emblica; for

jaundice with the plant extract of Boerhaavia diffusa and for wrinkles with root

of Withania somnifera and in other practices used single plant. Azadirachta

indica used in 25 medicinal practices; to treat bone fracture it is used in

combination with stem bark of Naravelia zeylanica and the root of Withania

211

somnifera; for treatment of constipation used with Piper nigrum and Ricinus

communis; for heart problems it is used in combination with stem barks of

Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula and leaves of Phyllanthus

amarus; for mental disorders it is used with leaves of Eclipta prostrata, Aloe

vera, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Andrographis paniculata; for spermatorrhoea with

leaves of Moringa oleifera and Solena heterophylla; for treatment of Amoebic

dysentery it is used in combination with seed powder of Ocimum basilicum

and in all others it is used alone.

Achyranthus aspera cures 8 ailments and to treat antiemetic and for

dysentery it is used in combination with the seeds of Piper nigrum; for chicken

pox with the gum resin of Shorea robusta and neem; for jaundice with Careya

arborea, Mimosa pudica and Zyziphus mauritiana and in rest of them it is used

singly. Chloroxylon sweitenia is used for treating cold, epilepsy, impotency,

mosquito repellant, scorpion sting, peripheral neuritis and wounds; for cold it

is used in combination with the leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum and cloves of

Allium sativum; to check peripheral neuritis it is used with stem bark of

Cleistanthus collinus and mustard seeds. Gymnema sylvestre is used in 5

medicinal practices in all combinations only; for cobra bite it is used in

combination with the root of Aristolochia indica and Rhinacanthus nasuta; to

check diabetes, with the leaves of Aegle mormelous, Andrographis paniculata,

Syzygium cumuni, Zizyphus rugosa and tubers of Corallocarpus epigaeus; for

treating tumours, with Phoenix sylvestris and Trichosanthes tricuspidata; to

increase milk with Piper longum and in dysentery it is used in combination

with the roots of Soymida febrifuga and Careya arborea.

Hemidesmus indicus is used to treat 6 ailments; to treat diarrhea it is

used in combination with Jatropa curcas and Holarrhena pubescens; for herpes

with roots of Aristolochia indica and tubers of Cyperus rotundus; for menstrual

disorders and snake bite with Allium sativum and in others it is used singly.

Lygodium flexuosum finds, its use in treating anemia, dysmenorrheal, jaundice

and stomach pain; for treating dysmenorrheal it is used in combination with

black pepper, whereas in others it is used singly.

212

Mimosa pudica finds its use in 4 medicinal practices; to treat epilepsy, it

is used in combination with Mundulea sericea and Mucuna pruriens; for

jaundice with Achyranthus aspera, Zyzyphus mauritiana and Careya arborea and

for leucorrhoea, it is used with fruits of Capsicum annum and in others it is

used as single. Naringi crenulata is used in three, medicinal practices; for

dysentery and puerperal fever it is used in combination with Strychnos

potatorum and in others it is used as single.

Ocimum tenuiflorum is used to treat 6 diseases; for conjunctivitis and fits

it is used with combination of Cassia fistula and Vitex negundo; to treat head

ache and jaundice, Cleome gynandra and Eclipta prostrata are combindly used

other 2 are used individually. Oroxylum indicum is used to treat antifertility,

leucorrhoea and liver enlargement in combination with Spermacoce articularis,

Abelmoscus manihot and Amaranthus spinosus and for dysentery it is used

alone.

Pedalium murex is used for dysmenorrheal in combination with garlic

and black pepper; in gonorrhea and menorrhagia it is used as alone Pergularia

daemia finds its uses to treat bone fracture, muscle pains in cattle and stomach

pain in combination with Plumbago zeylanica, Vanda tesselata, Calotropis procera

and black pepper. Piper longum in combination with Calotropis gigantea cures

asthma and alone used in puerperal fever and head ache.

Rauvolfia serpentina is employed alone in treating blood pressure, fever

and in combination it cures heart pain with Alstonia scholaris; leucorrhoea with

Clerodendrum serratum, Strychnos nux-vomica and Alstonia scholaris; for snake

bite with Kalanchoe pinnata and for stomach pain it is used with roots of

Trichosanthes tricuspidata. Ricinus communis is used alone to treat head ache,

HIV and with combination of Cassia fistula rheumatoid arthritis.

Saraca asoca is used for treating dysentery, irregular menstruation and

syphilis; Biophytum nervifolium for fever and rheumatoid arthritis; Benincasa

hispida for asthma; Zingeber officinale for cough, anorexia and dyspepsia; Zea

mays for warts and Xanthium strumarium for curing cancer and boils.

213

Some plants which are available 13 mandals of Srikakulam and

Vizianagram district region are promising in curing certain ailments viz.,

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius for helminthiasis; Justicia adhatoda for diarrhea;

Angiopteris evecta for chest pain; Shorea robusta for chicken pox; Gmelina asiatica

for wounds; Wattakaka volubilis for snake bite; Argemone mexicana for sperm

production; Desmodium pulchellum for epilepsy and Vitex negundo for jaundice.

In the remote and rural areas of the district where the modern medical

facilities are not available, some plant species with promising ethnobotanical

properties are advised to be curing certain common ailments by utilizing the

services of local ethnobotanical tribal practitioners or Vaidyas or doctors.

Plants used for snake bite by Jatapus:

A list of 23 plants which are used by the Jatapu tribal people as

antidote for snakebite, the details of plants, plant parts used for snake bite is

given in the Table-2. In addition to these plants Jatapus use the plant species

Alstonia venenata (Roots), Aristolochia indica (Roots), Carissa spinarum (Root

bark), Celastras paniculatus (Root bark), Chloroxylon swietenia(Root bark),

Mimordica dioica(Tubers), Tinospora cordifolia(Roots), Toddalia asiatica(Root

bark) and are used in the mad dog bite/ fox bite/ and rat bite.

Wild plants used for material culture

About 11 plant species (table- 9) have been used for making agriculture

implements and other house construction materials by the Jatapu tribes.

Plants used in festivals and rituals.

Six plant species are being used by Jatapu tribals in different festivals and

rituals (Table- 10).

Plants used for fencing

Jatapu tribes use 7 plant species (Table- 11) for fencing in their backyards and

front side.

Non Timber Forest Produce (Minor Forest Produce)

The Non Timber Forest Produce plays an important role in the lives of

Jatapu tribals. Girijan Co-operative Corporation (GCC) is a statutory

organization of the state government of Andhra Pradesh which procures the

214

non timber forest produce from the tribal people in the areas of the present

study. The GCC organize the weekly shad and collect the Non Timber Forest

Produce (NTFP) from the tribals. The list of Non Timber Forest Produce

(NTFP) plants is incorporated in the Table -12.

Food Plants

Jatapu tribes use many plants in the preparation of food in their

daily life. 8 plant species are used as leafy vegetables by cooking their tender

shoots and leaves in their curries (Table - 3). The wild tubers and yams of

Amorphophallus and Dioscorea species are repeatedly washed in running

waters and cooked with tamarind juice in the curries (Table - 5). Edible fruit

yielding plants are given in Table – 4. A special kind porridge prepared by the

mango (Mangifera indica) kernels is usually consumed by the Jatapu tribals at

the end of the summer season. But Jatapus are the loves drinking the intoxic

drinks or toddy’s prepared from the plants like Caryota urens, Borrasus

flabellifer, Phoenix sylvestries and Madhuca latifilia (Table – 6). In addition to

these a list of dye yielding plants is given in Table -7.

215

Table-2: PLANTS AND PLANT PARTS USED IN DIFFERENT DISEASES

BY THE JATAPU TRIBALS

Name of the Plant Family Diseases Part Used

Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Abortion Seed

Cough Leaf

Dysentery Root

Epilepsy Root

Muscle pain Root

Rheumatoid

arhritis Roots

Acacia chundra (Roxb.

ex Rottl.) Willd. Mimosaceae Blisters and Boils Leaf

Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Filariasis Stem Bark

Leucorrhoea Stem Bark

Snake bite Stem Bark

Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. Mimosaceae Cataract Seed

Dandruf Seed

Ophthalmic

Diseases Tender Leaf

Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Mimosaceae Fever Stem Bark

Whooping Cough Stem

Wounds Root Bark

Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Jaundice Leaf

Scorpion Sting Leaf

Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Antidote to

Animal Bite Seed

Antiemetic Leaf

Dysentery Leaf

Boils Leaf

216

Chicken Pox Leaf

Cough Leaf

Cuts Leaf

Jaundice Tender Leaf

Acorus calamus L. Araceae Cold Rhizome

Constipation Rhizome

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Root

Aegle marmelos L. Correa Rutaceae Cholera Stem Bark

Cold Leaf

Diabetes Leaf

Diarrhoea Fruit

Adiantum lunulatum Burm Adiantum Scorpion sting Rhizome

Abortion Whole Plant

Diabetes Rhizome

Indigestion Fruit pulp

Aerva lanata (L.) Juss Amaranthaceae Headache Root

Kidney stones Whole Plant

Leucorrhoea Whole Plant

Aganosma caryophyllata

(Roxb. ex. Sims) . Apocynaceae Cuts Seed

Wounds Seed

Sprains Latex

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simarubaceae Asthma Bark

Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)

Wang. Alangiaceae

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Leaf

Paralysis Stem Bark

Albizia amara (Roxb.) Mimosaceae Boils Flower

217

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Mimosaceae Boils Flower

Eruptions Flower

Mouth wash Seed

Swelling Flower

Ulcers in gums Root Bark

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Liliaceae Boils Leaf

Chest Pain Leaf

Cold Leaf

Cough Leaf

Dandruff Leaf

Leucorrhoea Leaf

Wounds Leaf

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Malaria Stem bark

Rheumatoid

arhritis Leaf

Alstonia venenata R.Br. Apocynaceae Anthelmintic Ste bark

Alternanthera sessilis (L.)

DC. Amaranthaceae Bone Fracture Whole Plant

Emetics Root

Eye complaints Whole Plant

Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Dyspepsia Root

Pimples Fruit

Amorphophallus

paeoniifolius(Dennst.) Araceae Bone Fracture Corm

var. campanulatus (Decne.)

Sivadasan Earache Corm

Helminthiasis Corm

Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Rheumatoid Arhritis Flower, Fruit

218

Andrographis

paniculata (Burm.f.) Acanthaceae Asthma Stem

Deworming Leaf

Diabetes Leaf

Luecorrhoea Leaf

Malaria Roo, Leaf

Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae Worms Leaf

Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Abortion Root

Antidote to

Snake bite Bark

Asthma Bark

Anogeissus acuminata Wall. Combretaceae Dysentery Stem bark

Anogeissus latifolia Roxb. Combretaceae Cough Stem bark

Snake bite Seed

Urinary problems Gum

Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Fever Root

Malaria Root

Spermatorrhoea Roo bark

Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Convolvulaceae Boils Leaf

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Root

Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Araceae Headache Tuber

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Tuber

Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae Dirrhoea Root

Snake bite Root

Artocarpus heterophyllus

Lam. Moraceae Skin diseases Tender Leaf

Tuberculosls Fruit

219

Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae Brochitis Tuberous

root

Urinary problems Tuberous

root

Diabetes Tuberous

root

Fertility Tuberous

root

Tumours in

Stomach

Tuberous

root

Wounds Tuberous

root

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Allergy Tender Leaf

Amoebic

dysentery Stem Bark

Appetite Flower

Bone Fracture Stem Bark

Bone fracture

of cattle Root bark

Chicken Pox Leaf

Cold and cough Leaf

Constipation Leaf

Contraception Seed

Contraction

of uterus Leaf

Dandruf f Leaf

Diabetes Flower

Eczema Seed

Heart pain Stem bark

Intermittent fever Stem bark

220

Jaundice Flower

Kidney stones Leaf

Leprosy Stem bark

Mental disorders Leaf

Rat bite Seed

Rheumatism Leaf

Ringworm Leaf

Spermatorrhoea Stem bark

Stomach pain Root bark

Stomach pain

in cattle Stem bark

Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Asthma Root

Rheumatism Leaf

Baliospermum montanum

Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae Rheumatism Seed

Stomach ache Root

Bambusa

arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Poaceae Anthelmintic Leaf

Blood purifier Stem, Leaf

Leucoderma Stem, Leaf

Barleria strigosa Willd. Acanthaceae Tuberculosis Root

Barringtonia acutangula L. Barringtoniaceae Headache Leaf

Peripheral neuritis Stem bark

Rheumatism Stem bark

Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Dysentery Bark

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Root

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Asthma Stem bark

Diarrhoea Root bark

221

Ophthalmic

Diseases Tender Leaf

Bauhinia vahlii Wight &

Arm. Caesalpiniaceae Dysentery Root

Syphilis Root

Wounds Bark, leaf

Benincasa hispida Thunb. Cucurbitaceae Asthma Root

Bixa orellana L. Bixaceae Fever Root bark

Intermittent fever Stem bark

Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae HIV Whole Plant

Leucorrhoea Whole Plant

Bombax ceiba L. Bonbacaceae Leucorrhoea Root

Menstrual Disorders Root bark

Skin diseases Seed

Borassus flabellifer Murr. Arecaeae Earache Tender

petiole

Muscle Pain Stem

Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng Euphorbiaceae Chest pain Stem bark

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Stem bark

Buchanania lanzan Spreng Anacardiaceae Boils Stem bark

Diarrhoea Stem bark

Butea monosperma Lam. Fabaceae Antifertility Stem bark

Post natal care Stem bark

Butea superba Roxb. Fabaceae Haematuria Stem bark

Rheumatoid

Arhritis Root

Caesalpinia bonduc L. Caesalpiniaceae Abortion Seed

222

Black Quarter

diseases Leaf

Epilepsy Root bark

Calotropis gigantea (L.)

R.Br. Asclepiadaceae Leucorrhoea Root

Rabies Latex

Stomach pain Root

Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.

Br. Asclepiadaceae

Antidote to Snake

bite Latex

Antiperiodic Gynostegium

Rheumatoid Arhritis Latex

Cancer Gynostegium

Constipation Leaf

Cold and cough Gynostegium

Dislocation of Naval Latex

Earache Leaf

Epilepsy Flower

Gastroenteritis Flower

Gingivitis Leaf

Tuberculosls Latex

Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.)

DC. Fabaceae Diarrhoea Root

Canthium parviflorum Lam., Rubiaceae Rheumatoid Arhritis Stem bark

Constipation Leaf

Capparis zeylanica L. Capparidaceae Earache Root bark

Paralysis Root bark

Tuberculosls Root bark

Cardiospermum halicacabum

L. Sapindaceae Burns Leaf

223

Leucorrhoea Root

Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Leucorrhoea Root

Snake bite Root

Stomach pain Root

Caryota urens L. Arecaeae Aphrodisiac Inflorescence

Dandruff Nut

Cassia absus L. Caesalpiniaceae Asthma Flower

Cough Seed

Cassia alata L. Caesalpiniaceae Asthma Flower

Cassia auriculata L. Caesalpiniaceae Burns Leaf

Ophthalmic

Diseases Leaf

Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Chest pain Stem bark

Conjuctivitis Stem bark

Dysentery Stem bark

Dysopia Fruit

Cassia occidentalis L. Ceasalpinaceae Anthelmintic Root

Boils Leaf

Jaundice Leaf

Paralysis Root

Skin diseases Leaf

Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Hydrocele Whole Plant

Muscle Pain Stem

Celastrus paniculatus Wild. Celastraceae Leucorrhoea Root bark

Rheumatoid

Arthritis Seed

Celosia argentea L. Amarnthaceae Haemorrhoids Inflorescence

Uterine bleeding Inflorescence

224

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Apiaceae Anaemia Leaf

HIV Whole Plant

Jaundice Whole Plant

Memory Leaf

Chlorophytum

arundinaceum Baker Liliaceae Hydrocele Tuber

Wounds Tuber

Ulcers Tuber

Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Flindersiaceae Cold Stem bark

Epilepsy Stem bark

Impotency Root bark

Mosquito repellant Leaf

Scorpion sting Stem

Peripheral neuritis Stem bark

Wounds leaf

Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Chest pain Leaf

Intestinal worms Leaf

Cissus quadrangularis (L.) Vitaceae Fever Stem, leaf

Headache Stem

Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Euphorbiaceae Suicide Stem bark

Cleome gynandra L. Cleomaceae Headache Leaf

Peptic ulcer Whole plant

Cleome viscosa L. Capparidaceae Earache Leaf

Intermittent fever Leaf

Wounds Leaf

Clerodendrum serratum L Verbenaceae Analgesic Root

Fever Root

Menstral disorders Root

225

Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Menispermaceae Rheumatoid

Arthritis Root

Cochlospermum religiosum

(L.) Cochlospermaceae Bone fracture Stem bark

Dandruf Leaf

Coldenia procumbens L. Boraginaceae Cuts Whole plant

Eczema Whole plant

Epilepsy Root

Psoriasis Leaf

Costus speciosus Koenig Costaceae Abortion Rhizome

Chicken Pox Rhizome

Crataeva magna (Lour.)

DC. Capparaceae Gastric troubles Root bark

Urinary troubles Stem bark

Crotalaria verrucosa L. Fabaceae Impetigo Leaf

Scabies Leaf

Cryptolepis buchanani

Roem. Asclepiadaceae Diarrhoea Root

Galactagogue Leaf

Irregular

menstruation Root

Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Hypoxidaceae Cuts Root

Irregular

menstruation Tuber

Piles Tuber

Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Rheumatoid

Arthritis Rhizome

Skin diseases Rhizome

Curcuma

pseudomontana Graham. Zingiberaceae Diabetes Tuber

226

Galactagogue Tuber

Jaundice Tuber

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cuscutaceae Epilepsy Whole plant

Tongue ulcer Whole plant

Cynodon dactylon Pers. Poaceae Dysuria Leaf

Piles Leaf

Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Diarrhoea Tuber

Intermittent fever Tuber

Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fabaceae Fever Stem bark

Nerprosy Stem bark,

leaf

Leucoderma Stem bark

Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Fabaceae Swellings Leaf

Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Asthma Leaf

Rheumatoid

Arthritis Root

Datura metal L. Solanaceae Asthma Root

Rheumatoid

Arthritis Leaf

Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Ceasalpiniaceae Dysmenorrhoea Flower

Dendrocalamus strictus

(Roxb.) Poaceae Abortion Tender leaf

Dendrophthoe falcate (L.f.)

Ett. Loranthaceae Asthma Stem bark

Leucorrhoea Whole plant

Bone fracture Whole plant

Desmodium gangeticum (L.)

DC Fabaceae Acidity Leaf

Boils and Blisters Leaf

227

Desmodium pulchellum L. Fabaceae Epilepsy Root

Dillenia pentagyna Roxb: Dilleniaceae Rheumatoid

Arthritis Stem bark

Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoredaceae Sterillity Tuber

Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscoredaceae Fractures Tuber

Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscoredaceae Rheumatoid

Arthritis Tuber

Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Diarrhoea Leaf

Fractures Stem bark

Menstral disorders Tender leaf

Diospyros melanoxylon

Roxb. Ebenaceae Cold & Cough Stem bark

Diarrhoea Tender leaf

Fractures Unripe fruit

Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Cucurbitaceae Fertility Leaf

Ticks Fruit

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

Mant Asteraceae Acidity Whole plant

Alopecia Leaf

Body Pain Leaf

Boils Leaf

Bronchitis Whole plant

Burns Whole plant

Constipation Root

Diarrhoea &

Dysentery Whole plant

Eczema Whole plant

Fever Whole plant

228

General Weakness Whole plant

Gingivitis Leaf

Haemorrhoids Root

Hair Fail Leaf

High Blood Pressure Whole plant

Jaundice Plant

Liver Enlargement Plant

Loss of Appetite Leaf

Palpitation of heart Leaf

Paronychia Whole plant

Pimples Leaf

Premature graying

of hair Leaf

Spleen enlargement Leaf

Urinary tract

infections Whole plant

Weakness of Vision Leaf

Wound Leaf

Wrinkles Leaf

Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Anthelmintic Root

Diarrhoea Root

Eczema Root

Stomach pain Root

Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Acanthaceae Anasarca Tuberous

root

Boils Leaf

Menstrual disorders Leaf

Entada pursaetha DC Mimosaceae Rheumatism Seed

Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Fabaceae Desentery Root

229

Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae Cold & Cough Leaf

Intestinal worms Leaf

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae Antiseptic Leaf

Bronchitis Leaf

Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Dysentery Leaf

Leucorrhoea Leaf

Rheumatism Leaf

Evolvulus alsinoides L. Convolvulaceae Jaundice Leaf

Evolvulus nummularius (L.) Convolvulaceae Burns Whole plant

Fever Whole plant

Ficus bengalensis L. Moraceae Boils Latex

Leucorrhoea Root

Rheumatism Bark

Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Diarrhoea Stem bark

Leucorrhoea Fruit

Rheumatism Latex

Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Diarrhoea Stem bark

Gonorrhoea Bark

Paralysis Stem bark

Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.)

Merr. Flacourtiaceae Bronchial Allergy Root

Jaundice Leaf

Garuga pinnata Roxb. Burseraceae Stomach pain Stem bark

Gloriosa superba L. Liliaceae Asthma Leaf

Rheumatism Root

Glycosmis pentaphylla

(Retz) DC Rutaceae Conjuctivitis Fruit

Peripheral neuritis Root

Gmelina arborea Roxb Verbenaceae Chest pain Stem bark

230

Cough Leaf

Gonorrhoea Leaf

Ulcer Leaf

Gmelina asiatica L. Verbenaceae Dandruff Fruit

Leprosy Root

Toothache Root

Wounds Fruit

Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae Leucorrhoea Root

Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl Tiliaceae Lice Leaf

Fractures Root bark

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.)

R. Br. Asclepiadaceae Cobrabite Root

Diabetes Leaf

Dysentery Root

Galactogogue Root

Tumours Root

Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.)

Ridsd. Rubiaceae Leucorrhoea Stem bark

Scrpion sting Leaf

Wounds Leaf

Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Dysentery Fruit

Snakebite Root

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.

Br. Asclepiadaceae Diarrhoea Root

Fever Root

Galactogogue Root

Menstrual disorders Root

Hemionites arifolia Juss

Snakebite Root

231

Hibiscus cannabinus L. Malvaceae Abortion Flower

Purgative Leaf

Hibiscus micranthus L. Malvaceae Dandruff Leaf

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Boils Leaf

Bronchitis Flower

Dandruff Leaf

Epilepsy Stem bark

Leucorrhoea Leaf

Holarrhena pubescens Wall. Apocynaceae Asthma Bark

Desentery Root

Stomach pain Root

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Ulmaceae Abortion Root bark

Abscess Leaf

Blisters Leaf

Bone fracture Stem bark

Peripheral neuritis Stem bark

Hybanthus enneaspermus L. Violaceae Impotency Whole plant

Rhematoid arthritis Root

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir Lamiaceae Fever Root

Ulcer Seed

Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.)

R.Br. Apocynaceae Epilepsy Root

Haemorrhage Root

Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Convolvulaceae Rhematoid arthritis Leaf

Ixora pavetta Andrews. Rubiaceae Jaundice Stem bark

Muscle pain Root/Stem

bark

Skin disease Leaf

Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiacae Burns Latex

232

Cough Stem bark

Desentery Root

Jatropha gossypifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Bone fracture Root

Leucorrhoea Root

Peralysis Root

Justicia adhatoda Medik. Acanthaceae Cough Leaf

Diarrhoea Leaf

Throat infection Leaf, Root

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Crassulaceae Boils Leaf

Cough Leaf

Diarrhoea Leaf

Lagerstroemia parviflora

Roxb. Lythraceae Dysentery Tender leaf

Fever Root bark

Rheumatism Stem bark

Stomach pain Leaf

Lannea coromandelica

Houtt. Anacardiaceae Cuts Stem bark

Gastric troubles Stem bark

Mosquito repellant Gum

Lantana camara (L.) Mold. Verbenaceae Rheumatoid arthritis Tender stem

Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Jaundice Leaf

Leucorrhoea Root bark

Motions Leaf

Syphilis Leas

Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) Lamiaceae Breast pain Inflorescence

Burns Flower

Wounds Inflorescence

Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link. Lamiaceae Rhematoid arthritis Leaf

233

Limonia acidissima L. Rutaceae Rhematoid arthritis Root

Limonia elephantum

(Correa) Rutaceae Dandruff Fruit pulp

Whooping cough Root bark

Lygodium flexuosum (L.)

Sw. Lygodiaceae Anaemia Root

Dysmenorrhoea Root

Jaundice Leaf

Stomach pain Root

Madhuca indica J. Gmel. Sapotaceae Asthma Flower

Leucorrhoea Stem bark

Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Sapotaceae Dysmenorrhoea Seed

Lactation Stem bark

Sprains Seed

Stomach pain Root

Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)

Muell. Euphorbiaceaae Anthelmintic Fruit

Bruises Leaf, Bark

Eruptions Fruit

Wounds Seed

Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Boils Gum, Resin

Fluent Talk Stem bark

Jaundice Bud

Leucorrhoea Stem bark,

Leaf, Flower

Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Sapotaceae Body Pain Stem bark

Headache Root

Piles Stem bark

Throat infection Stem bark

234

Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Bronchitis Root

Headache Leaf

Memecylon umbellatum

Burm. f. Melastomaceae Leucorrhoea Root bark

Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Epilepsy Root

Jaundice Tender leaf

Leucorrhoea Whole plant

Malaria fever Leaf

Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctntahceae Chest and muscle

pain Tuber

Tumours Root Tuber

Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Diabetes Fruit

Jaundice Leaf

Leucorrhoea Leaf

Peptic ucer Root

Momordica dioica Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Burns Leaf

Dandruff Tuber

Jaundice Leaf

Rib muscle pain Tuber

Snakebite Tuber

Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Blood Pressure Leaf

Bruises Leaf

Cold & Cough Leaf

Eyesight Leaf

Mucuna pruriens (L.) Fabaceae Dysmenorrhoea Root

Epilepsy Root

Murraya koenigii (L.)

Spreng. Rutaceae Colic Leaf

Dysentery Root bark

235

Murraya paniculata (L.)

Jack. Rutaceae Anaemia Root

Peralysis Root

Musa paradisiacal L. Musaceae Cold & Cough Leaf

Diarrhoea Fruit

Desentery Fruit

Impotency Rhizome

Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC Ranunculaceae Cold Leaf

Toothache Stem

Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Rutaceae Dysentery Stem Bark

Intestinal worms Fruit

Puerperal fever Stem bark

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Neluboceae Conjuctivitis Inflorescence

Diarrhoea Rhizome

Nicotiana tabacum L. Solanaceae Asthma Flower

Nyctanthus arbor-tristis L. Nyctntahceae Dandruff Seed

Malaria fever Leaf

Muscle pain Leaf

Ocimum americanum L. Lamiaceae Fits Leaf

Migraine Leaf

Wounds Leaf

Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae Diarrhoea Seed

Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Conjuctivitis Leaf

Fits Leaf

Gastric troubles Leaf

Headache Leaf

Jaundice Leaf

Rheumatism Leaf

236

Oroxylum indicum (L.)

Benth.

Bignoniaceae Antifertility Root bark

Desentery Root bark

Leucorrhoea Stem bark

Liver enlargement Root

Orthosiphon rubicundus

Don Lamiaceae Diarrhoea Root tuber

Gonorrhoea Root tuber

Piles Tuber

Pandanus fascicularis Lam. Pandanaceae Insect repellant Spathe

Skin disease Inflorescence

Sterility Root

Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae Headache Leaf

Scabies Whole plant

Pavetta indica L. Rubiaceae Blisters Leaf

Epilepsy Root bark

Jaundice Stem bark

Urinary problems Root, Leaf

Jaundice Stem bark

Pedalium murex L. Pedaliaceae Dysmenorrhoea Leaf

Gonorrhoea Whole plant

Menorrhagia Leaf

Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)

Chiov. Asclepiadaceae Bone fracture Leaf

Muscle pains in

Cattle Leaf

Stomach pain Root

Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae Asthma Root tuber

Cooling and Inflorescence

237

Intoxicant

Toothache Whole plant

Phyllanthus amarus Schum. Euphorbiacae Jaundice Whole plant

Scalp infection Leaf

Scorpion sting Whole plant

Toothache Whole plant

Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiacae Bone fracture Stem

HIV Fruit

Scury Fruit

Skin disease Leaf

Stomach ulcer Fruit

Piper longum L. Piperaceae Asthma Fruit

Headache Fruit

Puerperal fever Root

Piper nigrum L. Piperaceae Cold & Cough leaf

Emetics Root

Toothache Root

Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Abortion Root

Fits Root

HIV Whole plant

Ring worms Root

Plumeria alba L. Apocynaceae Rhematoid arthritis Latex

Pongamia pinnata (L.)

Mierre. Fabaceae Cough Leaf

Diarrhoea Leaf

Gonorrhoea Root

Peripheral neuritis Stem bark

Rhematoid arthritis Root bark

Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae Conception Stem bark

238

Roxb.

Desentery Bark

Piles Stem bark

Pterospermum xylocarpum

(Gaertn.) Sterculiaceae Asthma Bark

Dandruff and Lice Leaf

Whooping cough Stem bark

Pueraria tuberosa Roxb. Fabaceae Peptic ulcer Tuber

Rhematoid arthritis Tuber

Rauvolfia serpentina L. Apocynaceae Fever Root

Heart pain Root

Snakebite Root

Stomach pain Root

Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Apocynaceae Blood Pressure Root bark

Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Headache Leaf

HIV Whole plant

Rheumatoid arthritis Root

Rheumatoid arthritis Root

Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae Eczema Root

Giddness Root

Inflammation Root

Stomach pain Root

Ulcers Root

Saccharum spontaneum L Poaceae Eruptions on the

skin Root

Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Sapindaceae Asthma Fruit pulp

Cooling efect Leaf

Dandruff and lice Fruit

239

Night blind ness Seed

Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de

Wilde Ceasalpiniaceae Dysentery Flower

Syphilis Flower

Irregular

menustruation Bark

Schleichera oleosa (Lour.)

Oken Sapindaceae Blood purification Bark

Bone fracture Stem bark

Rheumatoid arthritis Stem bark

Snake bite Root bark

Scoparia dulcis L Scrophulariaceae Dysentery Leaf/ Root

Fever Whole plant

Semecarpus anacardium

L.f Anacardiaceae

Abdominal

swellings Seed

Cracks, Cuts Pericarp of

fruit

Rheumatoid arthritis Stem bark

Ulcers and wounds Stem bark

Wounds of cattle Seed

Sesamum indicum L Pedaliaceae Burnsand cuts Leaf

Dental problems Seed

Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Dipterocarpaceae Amoebic dysentery Gum resin

Chest pain Gum resin

Chicken pox Gum resin

Dysentery Seed

Gonorrhoea Resin

Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Boils, Cuts , Wounds Root

Scorpion sting Leaf

240

Sida cordata (Burm.f.)

Borrss Malvaceae Dysentery Whole plant

HIV Whole plant

Paralysis Leaf

Sida cordifolia L Malvaceae Dysentery Leaf

Dysmenorrhoea Seed

Sexual potenncy Seed

Smilax zeylanica Smilacaceae Paralysis Tuber

Sperm production Tuber

Ulcers and wounds Tuber

veneral diseases Root tuber

Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Gonorrhoea Whole plant

Swellings Whole plant

Solanum surattense

Burm.f. Solanaceae Jaundice Root bark

Toothache Seed

Soymida febrifuga( Roxb.)

A.Juss Meliaceae Dysmenorrhoea Root

HIV Stem bark

Dyspepsia Stem bark

Rheumatism Bark

Sphaeranthus indicus L Asteraceae Anthelmentic seed

Diarrhoea Leaf

Stachytarpeta jamaicensis

Salis b Verbenaceae

Antidote to snake

bite Whole plant

Cuts and wounds Leaf

Sterculia urens Roxb. Sterculiaceae Fertility Root bark

Rheumatoid arthritis Stem bark

Sterblus aspera Lour Moraceae Rheumatoid arthritis Root

241

Strychnos nux vomica L. Loganiaceae Asthma Stem bark

Dysentery Stem bark

Strychnos potatorum L.f. Loganiaceae Blood pressure Seed

Cough Seed

Water purification Seed

Syzygium cumini L.Skeels Myrtaceae Burm and wounds Stem bark

cough Stem bark

Diabetes Seed

Dysentery Leaf

Tamarindus indica L Ceasalpiniaceae Asthma Bark

Back pain Fruit

Jaundice Flower

Weak ness Fruit

Menorrhagia Fruit

Tarenna asiatica L. Rubiaceae Dysentery Stem bark

Emetics Stem bark

Tephrosia purpurea (L.)

Pers Fabaceae Fever Root

Paralysis Root

Stomach pain Root

Terminalia arjuna Roxb. Combretaceae Asthma Bark

Diabetes Stem bark

Terminalia bellica (Gaertn)

Roxb. Combretaceae Asthma Fruit

Leucorrhoea Fruit

Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Cough Fruit

Fish poison Stem bark

Tinospora cordifolia

(Wild) Miers Menispermaceae

Black quarter

disease Leaf

242

in cattle

HIV Whole plant

Toddalia asiatica L. Rutaceae Anaemia Root

Dysentery Root

Fox, mad dog bite Root bark

Galactogogue Root

Trema orientalis L Ulmaceae Epilepsy Root bark

Mouth diseas of

cattle Leaf

Tribulus terrestris L Zygophyllaceae Jaundice Whole plant

Sterility Root

Urinary problem Whole plant

Trichosanthes tricuspidata

Lour Cucurbitaceae Timpany in cattle Tuber

Earache Seed

Stomach pain Tuber

Tridax procumbens L Asteraceae Cuts and wounds Leaf

Jaundice Whole plant

Tylophora indica

Burn.f.Merr Asclepidaceae Asthma Tender leaf

Dysentery Root

Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Anthelmentic Root

Dandruff Leaf

Vanda tessellata Roxb. Orchidaceae Fractures Root

Skin disease Leaf

Vernonia cinerea L Asteraceae Leucoderma Seed

Malaria Root

Vetiveria zizanioides

(L.)Nash Poaceae Allergy Root

243

Dysurea Root

Viscum articulatum

Burm.f. Loranthaceae Fractures Stem

Vitex nugundo L. Verbenaceae Body swelling Leaf

Head ache Leaf

Woodfordia fruticosa L. Lythraceae Diarrhoea Flower

Jaundice Bark

Leucorrhoea Flower

Wrightia arborea (Dennst)

Mabb Apocynaceae

Manustrual

disorders Root bark

Snake bite Latex

Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.)

R.Br. Apocynaceae Asthma Latex

Obesity Bark

Xanthium strumarium L Asteraceae Boils Root

Cancer Root

Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.)

Taub. Mimosaceae Gonorrhoea Root bark

Zingiber officinale Rose. Zinziberaceae Anorexia and

dyspepsia Rhizome

Cough Rhizome

Zingiber roseum (Roxb.)

Rose. Zinziberaceae Leucoderma Tuber

Rheumatoid arthritis Rhizome

Zizyphus oenoplia (L.)

Mill Rhamnaceae Hear problem Root

Herpus Root

Ziziphus rugosa Lam Rhamnaceae Diabetes Leaf.

244

Table-3: PLANTS USED AS LEAFY VEGETABLES BY THE JATAPU TRIBES.

Table-4: EDIBLE FRUIT PRODUCE PLANTS USED BY JATAPU TRIBE

S.No. Name of the plant Local name

1 Annona reticulata Ramaphalam

2 Annona squamosa Seethaphalam

3 Artocarpus heterophyllus Panasa

4 Borassus flabellifer Tati

5 Canavalia gladiata Thammakaya

6 Canthium parviflorum Balusu

7 Carissa spinarum Vaka

8 Ficus benghalensis Marri

S.No. Name of the plant Part used

1. Aerva lanata Whole plant

2. Alternanthera sessilis Leaves

3. Amaranthus spinosus Whole plant

4. Amaranthus viridis Whole plant

5. Bauhinia purpurea Tender leaves

6. Bauhinia racemosa Tender leaves

7. Cissus quadrangularis Leaves

8. Murraya koenigii Leaves

245

9 Mangifera indica Mamidi

10 Manilkara hexandra Palachettu

11 Memecylon umbellatum Bogada

12 Momordica charantia Kakara

13 Momordica dioica Agakara

14 Moringa oleifera Mulaga

15 Musa paradisiaca Arati

16 Phyllanthus emblica Usiri

17 Syzygium cuminii Neredu

18 Tamarindus indica Chintha

19 Ziziphus oenoplea Parimi

Table-5: WILD TUBERS AND YAMS USED AS FOOD BY JATAPU TRIBES

S.No Name of The Plant Local name

1 Amorphophallus paenifolius Adarikonda

2 Asparagus racemosus Pillipeesara

3 Dioscorea bulbifera Adavidumpa

4 Dioscorea oppositifolia Tellagadda

5 Mirabilis jalapa Yerramalli

246

Table-6: TODDY YIELDING PLANTS USED BY THE JATAPU TRIBE

S.No Name of The Plant Part used

1 Borassus flabellifer Sap

2 Caryota urens Sap

3 Madhuca longifolia Flower buds

4 Phoenix sylvestris sap

Table-7: DYE YIELDING PLANTS USED BY THE JATAPU TRIBE

S.No Name of The Plant Part used

1 Bixa orellana Seeds

2 Butea monosperma Flowers

3 Butea superba Flowers

4 Mallotus philippensis Fruits

Table-8: PLANTS USED IN VETERINARY MEDICINES

S.No Disease Name of the plant Part use

1 Antidote for snake bite Aristolochia indica

Gymnema sylvestre

Root

Root

2 Black quarter

Caesalpinia bonduc

Cassia occidentalis

Vitex negundo

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

3 Bloat/Tympany Momordica dioica Tubers

4 Conjuctivities Cassia fistula Stem bark

247

Ocimum tenuiflorum

Piper nigrum

Leaf

Seed

5 Cuts, wounds and

scars Cissus quadrangularis Whole plant

6 Fractures

Cissus quadrangularis

Discorea oppositifolia

Dioscorea pentaphylla

Vanda tessellata

Viscum articulatum

Whole plant

Tuber

Tuber

Root

Stem

7 Galactogogue Toddalia asiatica Root tuber

8 Haemorrhagic

septicaemia Aloe vera Leaf

9 Insecticide Cochlospermum religiosum Stem fibre

10 Opacity correa Alangium salvifolium

Ricinus communis

Leaf

Leaf

11 Rinder pest

Abrus precatorius

Alangium salvifolium

Canavalia gladiata

Plumbago zeylanica

Root

Stem bark

Root

Root

12 Trypnasomiasis Andrographis paniculata

Azadiracta indica

Leaf

Stem bark.

248

Table-9: AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, HOUSE CONSTRUCTIONS AND

THACHING

S.no Name of the plant species Local name

1 Acacia nilotica Nalla tumma

2 Anogeissus acuminate Pachichettu

3 Azadirachta indica Vepa

4 Bambusa arundinaceae Mullaveduru

5 Borassus flabellifer Tadi

6 Chloroxylon swietenia Billakarra

7 Dendrocalamus strictus Sada veduru

8 Phoenix sylvestris Eetha

9 Pterocarpus marsupium Yegisa

10 Saccharum spontaneum Rellugaddi

11 Terminalia arjuna Tellamaddi

Table -10: PLANTS USED IN FESTIVALS AND RITUALS

S.No Name of the plant species Local name

1 Aegle marmelos Maredu

2 Azadirachta indica Vepa

3 Cocus nucifera Kobbari

4 Madhuca longifolia Ippa

249

5 Mangifera indica Mamidi

6 Syzygium cumini Neredu

Table-11: PLANTS USED FOR FENCING

S.NO Name of the plant species Local name

1 Acacia nilotica Nallatumma

2 Alangium salvifolium Uduga

3 Bambusa arundinacea Veduru

4 Caesalpinia crista Gaccha

5 Dendrocalamus strictus Mulla veduru

6 Jatropha curcas Nepalam

7 Justicia adhatoda Addasaram

Table-12: NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE (MINER FOREST PRODUCE)

COLLECTED BY JATAPU TRIBALS.

S.NO Name of the plant species Part used

1 Acacia concinna Fruits

2 Bauhinia vahlii Leaves

3 Diospyros melanoxylon Leaves

4 Madhuca longifolia Flowers and seeds

5 Phyllanthus emblica Fruits

250

6 Pongamia pinnata Seeds

7 Rauvolfia serpentine Roots

8 Sapindus emarginatus Fruits

9 Semicarpus anacardium Seeds

10 Shroea robusta Gum

11 Sterculia urens Gum

12 Strychnus nux- vomica Seeds

13 Strychnos potatorum Seeds

14 Tamarindus indica Fruits

15 Terminalia chebula Fruits

16 Tinospora cordifolia Dried roots

17 Xylia xylocarpa Fruits

251

Total species Total genera Total families

Fig. 2: figure showing the total Ethnobotanical plants

Dicots Monocots

Gym-no-sperms

Pter-ido-phytes

0

50

100

150

200

250

Column B

Fig. 3: Life forms of the Ethnobotanical Plants.

TreesClimbers Shrubs Herbs

Fig. 4: Habit wise analysis of Ethnobotanical plants.