Video Production for Education & Training

Bill Duff, Jr.Copyright 1999

College of Human Resources & Education

West Virginia University

Camera - Professional

Camera - Consumer

Camera - Parts

• Lens• Zoom• Focus• Filter• White balance• Viewfinder

Camera - Parts

• Camera• Lens

• Enclosure

• Light capturing device

Camera - Parts

• Lens

• A curved glass

• Bends light to a point

Camera - Parts

• CCD Shutter speed: normal”1/100 1/250 1/500 1/1,000 1/2,000 1/4,000 1/8,000 1/10,000 16 11 8 5.6 4.0 2.8 2.0 1.4 1.2

• Corresponding f-stop::

• Shutter speed being the speed at which the shutter opens & closes (1 Frame)

• F-stop being the amount of light allowed to enter the lens

Camera - Parts

• Lens• Zoom• Focus• Filter• White balance• Viewfinder

Camera - Parts

• Lens• Zoom• Focus• Filter• White balance• Viewfinder

Camera - Parts

• Lens• Zoom• Focus• Filter• White balance• Viewfinder

Camera - Parts

• Lens• Zoom• Focus• Filter• White balance• Viewfinder

White balance

Camera - Parts

• Lens• Zoom• Focus• Filter• White balance• Viewfinder

Camera - Viewfinder

• CRT -cathode ray tube• LCD - liquid crystal display• Eyepiece

Camera - Viewfinder

• Status indicators can include: a tally light indicating that tape is rolling or

that camera is "on the air"

a low battery warning

minutes of tape remaining

color balancing may be needed

low light; insufficient exposure

low-light boost (gain selector switch) circuit in operation

Camera - Viewfinder

• Viewfinder status indicators can include the following items:

indoor/outdoor filter in place

zoom lens setting indicating how much further you can zoom in or out

auto/manual iris status

audio level meter

tape footage counter

a zebra pattern for setting video levels

Camera - Parts• Lens• Zoom• Filter• White balance• Shutter speed• Viewfinder• Tripod

Camera• Tripods

– Adjustable

– Fluid Heads

Camera Recording Formats• VHS - 1/2 inch• 3/4”• 8mm• 1”• S-VHS• Hi-8• BetaCam SP• D-1,2,3

Recording• Frames

• Control Track

• Timecode

Camera composition

• Center your object or person• Close-ups - shoot tight• Avoid movement unless taping a moving

object• Focus - zoom in and focus, then pull back

Lighting• Direct & Indirect (sunlight vs light

bulb)• Measured in Kelvin

Lighting

• 100 watt light bulb 1850 Kelvin• Candle flame 1900 Kelvin• Quartz light 3200 Kelvin• Fluorescent 4500 Kelvin• Daylight 5500 Kelvin• Overcast Daylight 7500 Kelvin• Clear Day 25000 Kelvin

Lighting

• light level is measured in foot-candles or lux.

• A foot-candle is a measure of light intensity from a candle at a distance of one foot

• a foot-candle is equal to about 10 lux.

Lighting Techniques

• Three point lighting serves 3 functions:

key lights fill lights back or background lights

Lighting Techniques

Lighting Techniques

Lighting Techniques

• key lights - main subject light

• fill lights - diffused light filling whole area

• back or background lights - separates subject from background -1/3 less intensity than key light

Light Meters

• Light meters are used to measure light intensity.•Reflected Light Meters

•Spot meters

• incident light meter

Lighting Techniques

• Extra lighting sources -– scrims

– reflectors

– bounce

– light boxes

Types of Lighting

• Incandescent• Quartz

• HMI• Camera lights

Types of Lighting

• Floods• Spots• Barn Doors• Ellipsoidals

Types of Lighting

• Ellipsoidal cookies

Lighting Techniques

• Controlling lighting externally:– TBC (Time Base Corrector) compensates

for time variation in video.

– Allows adjustment in video and black level

– Allows adjustment in hue (color) and saturation (intensity)