VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS...The ratings were adjusted for the sex and age of the person whose injury outcome was being measured, speed limit at the crash location, number of

VEHICLE SAFETY RATINGS ESTIMATED FROM POLICE REPORTED CRASH DATA: 2013 UPDATE

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CRASHES DURING 1987-2011

by

Stuart Newstead Linda Watson

& Max Cameron

Report No. 318 July 2013

ii MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE

Project Sponsored By

VEHICLE SAFETY RATINGS: 2013 UPDATE iii

MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Report No. Report Date ISBN ISSN Pages

318 July 2013 0-7326-2388-X 1835-4815 (On-Line) 60 + Appendices

Title and sub-title:



Author(s) Type of Report & Period Covered

Newstead, S.V., Watson, L.M and Cameron, M.H. Summary Report, 1982-2011

Sponsoring Organisations - This project was funded as contract research by the following organisations:

Road Traffic Authority of NSW, Royal Automobile Club of Victoria, NRMA Motoring and Services, VicRoads, Royal

Automobile Club of Western Australia, Transport Accident Commission, New Zealand Transport Agency, the New Zealand

Automobile Association, Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, Royal Automobile Club of Queensland,

Royal Automobile Association of South Australia, South Australian Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure,

Accident Compensation Corporation New Zealand and by grants from the Australian Government Department of

Infrastructure and Transport and the Road Safety Council of Western Australia

Abstract:

This study describes the calculation of updated ratings that measure the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe

injury to people involved in crashes. Three different aspects of secondary safety are examined: crashworthiness which

focuses on drivers of the rated vehicle, aggressivity which focuses on drivers of other vehicles and unprotected road users

such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists colliding with the rated vehicle and total secondary safety which examines

the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of the rated vehicle. Updated ratings for 1982-2011 model

vehicles were estimated based on data on crashes in Victoria and New South Wales during 1987-2011, in Queensland,

Western Australia and New Zealand during 1991-2011 and in South Australia during 1995-2011. Each rating is measured

as a combination of injury severity (the risk of death or serious injury given an injury was sustained) and injury risk (the

risk of injury given crash involvement). The ratings were adjusted for the sex and age of the person whose injury outcome

was being measured, speed limit at the crash location, number of vehicles, crash configuration and type or road user

involved where relevant, the jurisdiction in which the crash occurred and the year in which the crash occurred. These factors

were strongly related to the risk of an injury being sustained in the crash and the likelihood of injuries sustained being

severe. Each rating estimates the risk of being killed or admitted to hospital when involved in a crash, to a degree of

accuracy represented by the confidence limits of the rating in each case.

Crashworthiness estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 533 vehicle models classified into

10 market groups. Aggressivity rating estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 478 vehicle

models. The total secondary safety index estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 590 vehicle

models classified into 10 market groups. A method for presenting the ratings for consumer information is also described.

The rating presentation classifies vehicles according to where their rating lies in relation to a best performance benchmark.

The relationship between vehicle crashworthiness and the year of manufacture of Australian passenger and light

commercial vehicles manufactured from 1964 to 2011 was also investigated. Trends were examined by year of manufacture

both for the fleet as a whole and by market group for vehicles manufactured from 1982 to 2011.

The results of this report are based on a number of assumptions and warrant a number of qualifications that should be

noted.

Key Words: (IRRD except when marked*)

Injury, Vehicle Occupant, Collision, Passenger Car Unit, Passive Safety System, Statistics

Disclaimer:

This Report is produced for the purposes of providing information concerning the safety of vehicles involved in crashes. It is based

upon information provided to the Monash University Accident Research Centre by VicRoads, the Transport Accident

Commission, the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority, NRMA Ltd, Queensland Transport, the Western Australian

Department of Main Roads, South Australian Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure and the New Zealand

Ministry of Transport. Any republication of the findings of the Report whether by way of summary or reproduction of the tables

or otherwise is prohibited unless prior written consent is obtained from the Monash University Accident Research Centre and any

conditions attached to that consent are satisfied. A brochure based on this report is available from the sponsoring organisations

and may be freely quoted.

Reproduction of this page is authorised Monash University Accident Research Centre Building 70, Monash University

Victoria 3800, Australia. Telephone: +61 3 9905 4371, Fax: +61 3 9905 4363

iv MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report describes the development of further updated vehicle secondary safety ratings

for 1982-2011 model vehicles. The ratings produced cover vehicle crashworthiness,

aggressivity and total secondary safety. Crashworthiness ratings measure the relative safety

of vehicles in preventing severe injury to their own drivers in crashes whilst aggressivity

ratings measure the serious injury risk vehicles pose to other road users with which they

collide. The aggressivity rating measure is based on collisions between the vehicle being

rated and both other vehicles and unprotected road users including pedestrians, bicyclists

and motorcyclists. The total secondary safety index measure integrates into one measure the

combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of a vehicle in a way most

representative of the crash population involving the vehicle fleet being rated. It considers

relative injury outcomes in the full range of crashes involving light passenger vehicles

including single and multi vehicle crashes, crashes with heavy vehicle and crashes involving

unprotected road users.

All three measures of vehicle secondary safety performance are estimated from data on real

crashes reported to police. The update is based on crash data from Victoria and New South

Wales during 1987-2011, from Queensland during 1991-2010, Western Australia and New

Zealand during 1991-2011 and from South Australia during 1995-2011. Each of the 3

ratings sets was measured by a combination of injury severity (the risk of death or serious

injury given an injury was sustained) and injury risk (the risk of injury given crash

involvement). As far as possible, each index reflects the secondary safety performance

related to vehicle design alone by controlling for a range of non-vehicle related factors

known to affect injury outcome. Non vehicle related factors considered were the sex and

age of the person whose injury outcome was being measured, speed limit at the crash

location, number of vehicles involved, the jurisdiction in which the crash occurred and the

year in which the crash occurred. For each measure these factors were strongly related to

injury risk and/or severity. In addition to the above factors the total secondary safety rating

was also adjusted for the type of crash and road user combination.

The crashworthiness ratings estimate the risk of a driver of the focus vehicle being killed or

admitted to hospital when involved in a tow-away crash, to a degree of accuracy represented

by the confidence limits of the rating in each case. Crashworthiness ratings and their

associated confidence limits were calculated for 533 individual vehicle models

manufactured between the years 1982-2011. Vehicles were classified into one of 10 market

groups for presentation of the ratings with average crashworthiness of vehicles in each

market group estimated.

The measure of aggressivity was calculated for 478 models of Australian and New Zealand

passenger vehicles manufactured between the years 1982-2011. The aggressivity ratings

estimate the risk of a vehicle driver or unprotected road user impacting with the focus

vehicle model being killed or admitted to hospital when involved in a crash. Average

aggressivity for vehicles in each of the 10 defined market groups was also estimated.

Estimated vehicle aggressivity towards drivers of other vehicles or unprotected road users

was found to have little or no relationship with ratings of vehicle crashworthiness,

demonstrating the independence of the two complementary measures.

The total secondary safety index measures the average risk of death or serious injury to all

light passenger vehicle drivers and unprotected road users (pedestrians, cyclists and

VEHICLE SAFETY RATINGS: 2013 UPDATE v

motorcyclists) when involved in a crash with the rated light passenger vehicle to a degree of

accuracy represented by the confidence limits of the index in each case. It is a measure of

the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of the rated vehicle. Total

secondary safety index estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for

590 vehicle models classified into 10 market groups.

Estimated total secondary safety was found to have a stronger relationship with ratings of

vehicle crashworthiness than with vehicle aggressivity. This reflects that crashworthiness is

relevant to the injury outcome of road users in a wider range of crash types than are covered

by the aggressivity ratings. The index serves as a valuable summary of overall secondary

safety of light passenger vehicles both for consumer information as well as for regulators

and vehicle safety advocates in identifying and promoting vehicle safety characteristics that

optimise overall secondary safety characteristics.

For each type of rating estimated, the expanded data set has been able to produce more up-

to-date and reliable estimates for individual car models than those published previously. A

method of presenting the ratings for consumer information is described. The new rating

presentation classifies vehicles according to where their rating lies in relation to a best

performance benchmark.

The crashworthiness of passenger vehicles in the Australian vehicle fleet (cars, station

wagons, four wheel drives and vans), has been estimated by year of manufacture for the

years 1964 to 2011. This study further updates the original one by Cameron et al (1994a) for

years of manufacture 1964 to 1992. Updated trends in Australian crashworthiness by year of

manufacture show similar patterns as previously obtained with the greatest gains over the

years 1970 to 1979 in which a number of new Australian Design Rules aimed at occupant

protection took effect. Further significant gains in crashworthiness have also been observed

over the years 1988 to 2011, with notable steady gains from 1988 to 1996 and since 2001.

Trends in crashworthiness by year of vehicle manufacture from 1982 to 2011 for each of the

10 vehicle market groups were also estimated showing differential improvement in

crashworthiness by market group by year of manufacture.

The results and conclusions are based on a number of assumptions and warrant a number of

qualifications that should be noted.

vi MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A project as large and complex as this could not have been carried out without the help and

support of a number of people. The authors particularly wish to acknowledge:

Mr Michael Case and Nick Platt of the RACV for their support of the project and for

advice on substantive changes in designs of specific models over the years.

Mr Dan Leavy and Mr Keith Simmons of the Centre for Road Safety, Transport for

New South Wales, for their support of the project and the release of data from NSW

Police crash reports and the NSW vehicle register.

Mr Jack Haley of NRMA Motoring and Services for his support of the project, for

providing procedures to determine the models of vehicles crashing.

Mr John Goldsworthy and Mr Mark Terrell of the Australian Commonwealth

Government Department of Infrastructure and Transport for their support of the

project.

Mr Alex Forrest of the RACWA for his support for the project.

Mr Ross McArthur and Chris Jones of VicRoads for their support of the project.

Mr Jon Gibson and Mr Iain Cameron of the Western Australian Office of Road

Safety for their support of the project.

Mr Stuart Worden of the NZ Transport Agency for his support of the project.

Ms Stella Stocks of AA New Zealand for her support of the project.

Mr Steve Spalding of the Royal Automobile Club of Queensland for his support of

the project.

Mr Mark Borlace of RAA South Australia for his support of the project.

Mr Anant Bellary of Queensland Transport and Main Roads for his support of the

project.

Mr John Cartwright and Mr Matthew Leyson from the South Australian Department

of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure for their support of the project.

Mr Paul Gimblett from the New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation for

his support of the project.

Ms Maria Pappas of NRMA who developed and applied the procedures to determine

the models of vehicles recorded in the police crash reports through decoding of

Vehicle Identification Numbers.

Mr David Attwood and Mr Michael Nieuwesteeg of the Transport Accident

Commission (TAC) for the provision of TAC claims data and Ms Samantha

Cockfield of the TAC for her support of the project.

VicRoads Information Services Division for the provision of data from Victorian

Police crash reports.

Professor Caroline Finch, Mr Tri Minh Le, Mr Michael Skalova and Ms Chau My

Le, all formerly of MUARC, for the development of the analysis methods in earlier

years that formed the basis of the methods used in this report.

VEHICLE SAFETY RATINGS: 2013 UPDATE vii

Mr David Taranto and Ms Sujanie Pereris of MUARC for their assistance in

collecting VIN information and information on vehicle make and model changes for

the decoding and clustering of vehicle model information.

Dr Alan Miller, formerly of the CSIRO Division of Mathematics and Statistics for

suggesting analysis methods used in this report to improve the sensitivity of the

results and to determine the confidence limits of the estimates.

Mr Geoff Murray, Mr Wesley Soet and Ms Shuk Jin of the Department of Main

Roads Western Australia for the provision of data from Western Australia Police

crash reports.

Mr Ken Brandis of the Western Australian Department for Planning and

Infrastructure for the provision of Western Australia registration data.

Mr Steve Lippett of the Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure of

South Australia for the provision of data from South Australia Police crash reports

and Mr Harry McDonald of the Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure

of South Australia for the matching of registration data to South Australia crash

data.

Mr Stuart Badger of the NZ Ministry of Transport for supply of the New Zealand

crash data and advice on its use in the project.

Mrs Carol Hewitt and Kheang Chrun of Land Transport NZ for supply of the New

Zealand vehicle registration data and advice on its use in the project.

Mr Tijs Robinson, a former contractor to the former LTSA, for his advice on

specifications and sources of information on New Zealand vehicle models.

Mr Eugene Girardin of Land Transport NZ for advice on the New Zealand used

import vehicle market and the handling of these vehicles by Land Transport NZ.

Officers of the Data Analysis Unit of Queensland Transport and Main Roads for the

provision of data from Queensland Police crash reports and the Queensland vehicle

registration system.

Officers of the Victorian, NSW, Western Australian, Queensland, South Australia

and New Zealand Police Forces and of the Transport Accident Commission who

diligently recorded the information on crashes and injuries which formed the basis

of this report.

viii MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE

CONTENTS

Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 2

1.1 CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS ..................................................................................... 2 1.2 AGGRESSIVITY RATINGS ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY INDEX ............................................................................ 4 1.4 TRENDS IN VEHICLE SAFETY BY YEAR OF MANUFACTURE AND MARKET GROUP ...... 6 1.5 PROJECT AIMS ............................................................................................................ 7

2. CRASH DATA ............................................................................................................ 8

2.1 VICTORIAN CRASHES .................................................................................................. 8 2.2 NEW SOUTH WALES CRASHES ................................................................................. 10

2.3 QUEENSLAND CRASHES ............................................................................................ 11 2.4 WESTERN AUSTRALIA CRASHES............................................................................... 12 2.5 SOUTH AUSTRALIA CRASHES ................................................................................... 13 2.6 CRASH AND REGISTRATION DATA FROM NEW ZEALAND ......................................... 14

2.7 COMBINED DATA FROM THE SIX JURISDICTIONS ...................................................... 14

3. MODELS AND MARKET GROUPS OF VEHICLES ......................................... 16

3.1 VEHICLE MODEL IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................ 16 3.2 POOLED CAR MODELS .............................................................................................. 17

3.3 VEHICLE MARKET GROUPS ...................................................................................... 17

4. ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................ 19

4.1 OVERVIEW OF ANALYSIS METHODS: CRASHWORTHINESS ........................................ 19 4.2 OVERVIEW OF THE ANALYSIS METHODS: AGGRESSIVITY ........................................ 20

4.3 OVERVIEW OF ANALYSIS METHODS: TOTAL SAFETY ............................................... 21

5. RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 25

5.1 VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS .................................................................... 25

5.1.1 Injury Risk ......................................................................................................... 25

5.1.2 Injury Severity ................................................................................................... 26 5.1.3 Crashworthiness Ratings .................................................................................. 26 5.1.4 Comparisons with the Benchmark Rating......................................................... 27

5.2 AGGRESSIVITY .......................................................................................................... 35 5.2.1 Aggressivity towards Other Car Drivers and Unprotected Road Users .......... 35

5.2.2 Comparisons with the Benchmark Rating......................................................... 37

5.2.3 Relationship between Aggressivity and Crashworthiness ................................ 37

5.3 VEHICLE TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY RATING ........................................................ 38 5.3.1 Injury Risk ......................................................................................................... 38 5.3.2 Injury Severity ................................................................................................... 40 5.3.3 Total secondary safety index ............................................................................. 40 5.3.4 Comparisons with the Benchmark Rating......................................................... 41

5.3.5 Comparison of Crashworthiness, Aggressivity and the Total Secondary Safety

index 42 5.4 PRESENTATION OF TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY INDEX, CRASHWORTHINESS AND

AGGRESSIVITY RATINGS FOR CONSUMER INFORMATION ................................................... 43 5.5 CRASHWORTHINESS BY YEAR OF MANUFACTURE OF THE AUSTRALIAN VEHICLE

FLEET 45

5.5.1 Injury Risk ......................................................................................................... 45

VEHICLE SAFETY RATINGS: 2013 UPDATE ix

5.5.2 Injury Severity.................................................................................................... 46

5.5.3 Crashworthiness by Year of Manufacture ......................................................... 47 5.6 CRASHWORTHINESS BY YEAR OF MANUFACTURE AND MARKET GROUP FOR THE

AUSTRALIAN VEHICLE FLEET ............................................................................................. 48 5.6.1 Injury Risk ......................................................................................................... 49

5.6.2 Injury Severity.................................................................................................... 50 5.6.3 Crashworthiness by Year of Manufacture and Market Group .......................... 51

7. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 54

8. ASSUMPTIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS .......................................................... 56

8.1 ASSUMPTIONS ........................................................................................................... 56

8.2 QUALIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................... 56

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 57

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1. Makes and models of cars involved in Victorian and New South Wales

crashes during 1987-2011, South Australia crashes during 1995-2011,

Queensland crashes during 1991-2010 and Western Australia and New

Zealand crashes during 1991-2011

APPENDIX 2. Logistic regression estimates of crashworthiness injury risk by model and

market group

APPENDIX 3. Logistic regression estimates of crashworthiness injury severity by model

and market group

APPENDIX 4. Crashworthiness ratings of 1982-2011 models of cars involved in crashes

during 1987-2011

APPENDIX 5. Aggressivity injury risk aggressivity injury severity and ratings of vehicle

aggressivity (with 95% and 90% confidence limits), towards other vehicle

drivers

APPENDIX 6. Total secondary safety injury risk, total secondary safety injury severity

and ratings of vehicle total secondary safety (with 90% confidence limits)

of 1982-2011 models of cars involved in crashes during 1987-2011

APPENDIX 7. Presentation of crashworthiness, aggressivity and total secondary safety

ratings for consumer information

APPENDIX 8. Crashworthiness, injury risk and injury severity estimates by year of

vehicle manufacture for the Australian vehicle fleet

APPENDIX 9. Crashworthiness, injury risk and injury severity estimates by year of

vehicle manufacture by market group for the Australian vehicle fleet

VEHICLE SAFETY RATINGS: 2013 UPDATE 1



2 MONASH UNIVERSITY ACCIDENT RESEARCH CENTRE

1. INTRODUCTION

For over two decades the Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) has been

involved in a program of research examining issues relating to vehicle safety in both Australia

and New Zealand through the analysis of mass data records on crashes reported to police. Data

on which the research to date is based has come from reports compiled by police in various

States across Australia and in New Zealand. In Victoria, some of the police reported crash data

has been augmented by data on injury compensation claims resulting from transportation crashes

compiled by the Victorian Transport Accident Commission (TAC).

A principal focus of the research program has been to produce vehicle secondary safety ratings

for specific makes and models of vehicles and by market group of vehicle. For many years the

ratings have focused on two aspects of vehicle safety performance: crashworthiness, being the

ability of a vehicle to protect its own occupants in the event of a crash, and aggressivity, the

ability of a vehicle to protect other road users with which it collides. More recently, an overall

secondary safety ratings measure has been developed called the total secondary safety rating. It

measures the combined relative crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of various makes

and models of vehicles based on exposure to the mix of major crash types on Australasian roads

where vehicle crashworthiness and/or aggressivity are important in determining injury outcomes.

The ratings have been updated at regular intervals (Newstead et al 1996, Newstead et al 1997,

Newstead et al 1998, Newstead et al 1999, Newstead et al 2000, Newstead et al 2003a,

Newstead et al 2004b, Newstead et al 2005b, Newstead et al 2006, Newstead et al 2007a, 2007b,

Newstead et al 2008a, 2008b, Newstead et al 2009a, 2009b, Newstead et al 2010a, 2010b,

Newstead et al 2011a, 2011b). The most recent prior update covered vehicles manufactured over

the period 1982-2009 and crashing during 1987-2009. Progressive enhancement of the methods

of statistical analysis has been incorporated through the ratings updates. From 1999 the ratings

incorporated police-reported crash data from Queensland whereas previously only crash data

from New South Wales and Victoria had been used. From 2003 the ratings also added police-

reported crash data from Western Australia. From 2004 the ratings included police-reported

crash data from New Zealand after a rigorous program of research establishing the comparability

of vehicles between the Australian and New Zealand vehicle fleets in terms of their specification

and secondary safety performance (Voyce, 2000; Robinson, 2000a,b, Newstead, 2000b,

Newstead, 2002, Newstead et al 2003b). From 2007 the ratings also added police-reported crash

data from South Australia. The crashworthiness ratings covered individual models of sedans,

station wagons, four wheel drives, passenger vans and light commercial vehicles and are given

as estimates of risk of severe injury for each model along with 90% and 95% confidence limits

on each estimate.

The ratings have been published annually by the agencies supporting the research as a source of

consumer information to aid the purchase of safe vehicles. They are marketed as the Used Car

Safety Ratings reflecting the fact that ratings can only be produced some time after a vehicle is

released for sale once sufficient real world crash experience has been accumulated. It also

differentiates these ratings from those derived under the Australasian New Car Assessment

Program based on crash barrier testing results which are targeted largely at new vehicle buyers.

1.1 Crashworthiness Ratings

Crashworthiness ratings rate the relative safety of vehicles in protecting their own occupants by

examining injury outcomes to drivers in real world crashes reported to police. The


crashworthiness rating of a vehicle in the ratings system used in this report is a measure of the

risk of death or serious injury to a driver of that vehicle when it is involved in a crash. This risk

is estimated from large numbers of records of injury to drivers of that vehicle type involved in

real crashes on the road. It is measured in two components:

1. Rate of injury for drivers involved in crashes where a vehicle is towed away or someone

is injured (injury risk)

2. Rate of serious injury (death or hospital admission) for injured drivers (injury severity).

Multiplying these two rates together forms the crashworthiness rating. This is a measure of the

risk of serious injury for drivers involved in crashes where a vehicle is towed away or someone

is injured. Measuring crashworthiness as a product of two components, reflecting risk and

severity of injury respectively, was first developed by Folksam Insurance, which publishes the

well-known Swedish ratings (Gustafsson et al 1989) and were first published in Australia in

Cameron et al (1994a,b) These ratings use an analysis method that was developed to maximise

the reliability and sensitivity of the results from the available data whilst adjusting for the effects

on injury outcome of non-vehicle factors that differ between vehicles. In addition to the speed

zone and driver sex, the method of analysis adjusts for the effects of driver age and the number

of vehicles involved, producing results with all those factors taken into account.

1.2 Aggressivity Ratings

The aggressivity measure used in the Australian vehicle safety rating system estimates the risk of

the driver of another car or an unprotected road user (pedestrian, bicyclist or motorcyclist) being

killed or seriously injured when involved in a collision with the subject model vehicle. It is

representative of the total aggressivity performance of the vehicles being rated across all

potential collision partners that are susceptible to injury. Like the crashworthiness measure, it is

calculated as the product of two component measures, one measuring injury risk the other

measuring injury severity.

Because an estimate of the risk of injury cannot be calculated for unprotected road users since

crashes are generally not reported to the police when the unprotected road user is uninjured, the

measure of aggressivity injury risk is based only on the injury risk to the drivers of other

vehicles (ROU). It is defined as:

Aggressivity Injury Risk = ROU = proportion of other vehicle drivers involved in

crashes who were injured

In contrast, complete records of both other drivers and unprotected road users injured in crashes

are available in police reported crash data and can be used to examine injury severity outcomes

in the aggressivity measure. The aggressivity injury severity measure (SOU) is defined as:

Aggressivity Injury Severity = SOU = proportion of other vehicle drivers or

unprotected road users who were killed or

admitted to hospital.

The aggressivity measure for each subject car model is then calculated as:

Aggressivity to other driver or unprotected road user = AOU = ROU x SOU.


Like the crashworthiness ratings, the aggressivity measure was adjusted for the effects of non-

vehicle factors differing between the subject car models which may have affected injury

outcome to the driver of the other vehicle. Non-vehicle factors available in the data included:

speed limit at the crash location

subject vehicle driver age (younger drivers may be driving at relatively fast speeds not

fully represented by the speed limit)

subject vehicle driver sex (male drivers may be driving at relatively fast speeds or more

aggressively)

other car occupant age (older occupants are more susceptible to injury)

other car occupant sex (female occupants are more susceptible to injury, but males appear

to be associated with relatively high injury severities)

collision partner type (vehicle, pedestrian, bicyclist or motorcyclist) (injury severity

analysis only)

1.3 Total Secondary Safety Index

Past presentations of the crashworthiness and aggressivity ratings for consumer information

simply present the two ratings side by side. This leaves the consumer to decide the relative

importance of each rating in making a decision on vehicle safety priority in their purchasing

decision. From a consumer information perspective, this might seem a good strategy as it allows

the consumer to balance the relative priority they give to their own safety versus the safety of

other road users on an individual basis. However, it may not be ideal from the perspective of

trying to steer the vehicle fleet as a whole in the direction of optimum safety which should be the

overarching priority for safety advocates, regulators and, indeed, the community as a whole. If

consumers generally based their vehicle choices only on crashworthiness performance and

largely ignored aggressivity, sub optimal choices on a community wide safety basis may result.

Similar sub-optimal choices may result if only aggressivity were considered. A desire to

optimise vehicle secondary safety on a whole of community basis highlights the need for an

index which combines the crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of a vehicle into a

single index. The total safety index captures the overall secondary safety of the vehicle in the

most meaningful way for the environment in which it is driven and hence crash circumstances to

which it is exposed.

The international vehicle safety literature shows a paucity of effort in developing such an index.

The only group to have given the concept serious consideration are the University of Oulu

transport research group in Finland (Huttula et al, 1997). The Finnish group have measures of

vehicle aggressivity and crashworthiness similar in concept to those developed by MUARC.

From these they have developed a total passive safety index which is essentially the sum of the

crashworthiness and aggressivity measures for each vehicle. Deriving the total passive safety

index in this way implicitly assumes that crashworthiness and aggressivity have equal weighting

in the overall passive safety performance of a vehicle. Whether this is the most appropriate

approach is questionable since the relative balance of importance between crashworthiness and

aggressivity will depend on the mix of crash circumstances the vehicle is exposed to.

A more detailed approach to the issue of estimating total vehicle passive or secondary safety has

been explored in Newstead et al (2004a) and Newstead et al (2004b). This work, based on

analysis of Australian crash data, commenced by identifying the four primary crash types in

which light passenger vehicles were involved and identifying the principal injury outcomes of

interest in the crash. The crash types identified were:


1. Crashes between two light passenger vehicles:

2. Single light passenger vehicle crashes.

3. Crashes between a light passenger vehicle and a heavy vehicle (bus, rigid truck or

articulated truck).

4. Crashes between a light passenger vehicle and unprotected road user (pedestrian,

bicyclist or motorcyclist).

The total secondary safety index defined by Newstead et al (2004b) was calculated by broad

market group of vehicle and was a weighted average of four individual crashworthiness or

aggressivity based measures. They are:

1. The crashworthiness of the light passenger vehicle in crashes between two light vehicles

as a function of its impact partner market group (embodying both the crashworthiness of

the focus vehicle market group as well as the aggressivity of the impact partner vehicle

market group) – Crash type 1.

2. The crashworthiness of the light passenger vehicle in single vehicle crashes – Crash type

2.

3. The crashworthiness of the light passenger vehicle in crashes with heavy vehicles as a

function of the heavy vehicle type – Crash type 3

4. The aggressivity of the light passenger vehicle towards unprotected road users – Crash

type 4.

The total secondary safety index was defined as the weighted average of each of the four safety

measures with the weighting factors used being the proportionate representation of each of the

four crash types. As such, it represented the overall secondary safety performance of a vehicle,

classified by market group in this case, in protecting all road users involved in the full range of

crashes reflecting the relative incidence of each major crash type.

It is evident from examining the form of the total secondary safety index that the traditional

measure of overall vehicle crashworthiness performance is embodied in the safety measures

relating to crash types 1, 2, and 3. The traditional aggressivity measure is embodied in the safety

measures relating to crash types 1 and 4. Constructing the total secondary safety index in this

way is similar in basic principle to the approach used by the Oulu researchers. However it differs

in the fact that it gives appropriate weighting to each aspect of a vehicle’s secondary safety

performance by weighting each component according to its relevance in Australian real world

circumstances.

The work of Newstead et al (2004a) and Newstead et al (2004b) was useful in, for the first time,

defining an overall secondary safety index for light passenger vehicles relevant to Australian

circumstances. It was then able to use the index effectively to quantify the broad overall

secondary safety effects of changing the mix of vehicles in the fleet. The index did, however,

have some limitations related to the manual construction of the index from its components. First,

there had to be sufficient data to estimate each of the component safety measures comprising the

index. In the demonstration of the methodology this meant results could only be obtained by

broad market group of vehicle and not for individual makes and models of vehicle. Second,

estimates of statistical confidence on the index could not be estimated due to its complex nature.


Both these difficulties highlighted the need for development of an integrated total secondary

safety index that could be estimated by vehicle make and model with associated estimates of

statistical confidence.

Building on the approach to modelling vehicle total secondary safety demonstrated in Newstead

et al (2004a) and Newstead et al (2004b), the study of Newstead et al (2007c) developed and

applied an integrated single index of total secondary safety for light passenger vehicles in the

Australian and New Zealand vehicle fleets. The index measures the average risk of death or

serious injury to light passenger vehicle drivers and unprotected road users (pedestrians, cyclists

and motorcyclists) when involved in a crash with a light passenger vehicle to a degree of

accuracy represented by the confidence limits of the index in each case. It provides an overall

summary of the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of a vehicle. The index

was measured by a combination of injury severity (the risk of death or serious injury given an

injury was sustained) and injury risk (the risk of injury given crash involvement).As far as

possible, the index reflects the total secondary safety performance related to vehicle design alone

by controlling for a range of non-vehicle related factors known to affect injury outcome. The

index was adjusted for the sex and age of the person whose injury outcome was being measured,

speed limit at the crash location, number of vehicles involved, the jurisdiction in which the crash

occurred and the year in which the crash occurred. These factors were strongly related to injury

risk and/or severity. In addition to the above factors this rating was also adjusted for the type of

crash and road user combination as this factor was strongly related to injury risk and/or severity.

The index serves as a valuable summary of overall secondary safety of light passenger vehicles

both for consumer information as well as for regulators and vehicle safety advocates in

identifying and promoting vehicle safety characteristics that optimise overall secondary safety

characteristics.

1.4 Trends in Vehicle Safety by Year of Manufacture and Market Group

Another focus of the vehicle crashworthiness ratings study has been to track historical

improvements in the average crashworthiness of the Australian vehicle fleet since 1964. In 1994,

the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) commissioned a study to investigate the effects

of the year of manufacture of vehicles (vehicle year) on their road safety (Cameron et al 1994c).

This project focused on investigating the relationship between crashworthiness and vehicle year

of manufacture for the years 1964 to 1992. The aim of the original study of Cameron et al

(1994c) was, to the extent possible, to measure the crashworthiness of vehicles of different years

of manufacture. The method employed was designed to eliminate the influence of other key

factors affecting the risk of injury that might also be associated with vehicle year (e.g. driver age

and sex, use on high speed roads, etc.).

The original study of Cameron et al (1994c) showed that the crashworthiness of passenger

vehicles in Australia has improved over the years of manufacture 1964 to 1992 with rapid

improvement over the years from about 1970 to 1979. Drivers of vehicles manufactured during

1970 to 1979 could be expected to have benefited from the implementation of a number of

Australian Design Rules (ADRs) for motor vehicle safety which previous research has shown to

be effective in providing occupant protection. The study has been updated with each vehicle

crashworthiness ratings update. The most recent analysis included vehicles with years of

manufacture from 1964 to 2010 (Newstead et al 2012a, 2012b). Similar analyses have been

undertaken for the New Zealand vehicle fleet by Newstead and Watson (2005a) showing quite

different trends in crashworthiness by year of manufacture to that observed in the Australian


fleet reflecting the different regulatory frameworks across the two countries and the significant

used vehicle import program in operation in New Zealand.

Extending the basic analysis, Newstead and Cameron (2001) examined trends in vehicle

crashworthiness by year of manufacture from 1982 to 1998 within specific vehicle market

groups. Vehicles were grouped into 4 market categories: small cars (<1100kg), medium cars

(1100-1400kg), large cars (>1400kg) and sports utility vehicles (four wheel drive vehicles).

Results of analysis found statistically significant differences in the trends in crashworthiness by

year of manufacture between different market groups in both the injury risk and injury severity

components of the crashworthiness measure. This analysis was most recently updated in

Newstead et al (2012a, 2012b) for vehicles manufactured over the years 1982-2010 and grouped

into 10 market classifications.

Using similar methods to those used for investigating trends in crashworthiness by year of

manufacture, Newstead et al (2004a) has investigated trends in aggressivity by year of vehicle

manufacture for the Australian fleet as a whole as well as by 8 broad market group

classifications. Although differential trends in aggressivity were found between the various

market groups of vehicle analysed, for the Australian vehicle fleet as a whole there has been no

significant trend to improving or worsening aggressivity over the years of manufacture studied

from 1964 to 2000.

1.5 Project Aims

The aim of this project was to update the previously published crashworthiness, aggressivity and

total safety ratings of Newstead et al (2012a, 2012b) including additional crash data from the

year 2011 for Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and New Zealand

and 2010 crash data for Queensland. The updated ratings aimed to cover the drivers of light

passenger vehicles including cars, station wagons, four wheel drive vehicles, passenger vans,

and light commercial vehicles manufactured during 1982-2011 and crashing in Victoria or NSW

during 1987-2011 or South Australia during 1995-2011 or Western Australia and New Zealand

during 1991-2011 or Queensland during 1991-2010.

This project also aimed to update the estimates of crashworthiness by vehicle year of

manufacture for the Australian vehicle fleet to include vehicles manufactured over the years

1964 to 2011. For vehicle models from 1982 to 2011 that could be classified into a market

grouping, the project also aimed to further investigate trends in crashworthiness of the Australian

vehicle fleet by year of vehicle manufacture within each specific market group.

The study also aimed to further asses the relationships between vehicle crashworthiness and both

the year of manufacture for all vehicles and the year of first registration for used vehicle imports

in New Zealand. The study focused on light passenger vehicles manufactured from 1964 to 2011

and crashing in New Zealand during 1991 to 2011. The results are published separately in a

supplement to this report.


2. CRASH DATA

Data from Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and New

Zealand used to produce the vehicle safety ratings of Newstead et al (2012a) covering vehicles

manufactured over the period 1982-2010 and crashing during the years 1987-2010 was again

used here. In addition, data for 2011 from each of the five previously included Australian states

and New Zealand was obtained and integrated bringing the total period of crash data covered to

1987-2011. Subsets of these data were taken in order to estimate the total secondary safety,

crashworthiness and aggressivity measures. Similarly, data from Victoria, New South Wales,

Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia used to produce the crashworthiness by year

of manufacture estimates of Newstead et al (2012a) covering vehicles manufactured over the

period 1964-2010 and crashing during the years 1987-2010 was again used here. The methods of

selecting appropriate cases from each data source will be detailed here.

2.1 Victorian Crashes

Transport Accident Commission (TAC) injury claims from all types of road users who were

involved in crashes in the period 1987 to 1998 had been merged with Police crash reports for the

previous crashworthiness ratings. The Police reports were for all persons involved in crashes

regardless of the Police officer recording the person as injured or uninjured. This procedure was

followed because it was possible for an injury claim to be made in circumstances where injury

was not apparent at the time of the crash. Crashes are reported to the Police in Victoria if a

person is killed or injured, if property is damaged but names and addresses are not exchanged, or

if a possible breach of the Road Traffic Regulations has occurred (Green 1990). The levels of

matching of TAC claims with persons recorded on Police reports for each year during 1987-

1998 achieved by Newstead et al (2003a) are shown in Table 1. The methods of matching for the

data are detailed in Cameron et al (1994b).

Due to a breakdown in the matching process from 1999 subsequent updates of the ratings have

used police crash data unmatched with TAC claims, although matched data prior to 1999 was

still used. Any inconsistencies in injury severity coding introduced by changing from matched to

unmatched data were controlled for in the analysis methodology through compensating for year

of crash differences.


Table 1: TAC claims for injury compensation from crashes during 1987-1998

Year TAC claims

(all types of

injured road

users)

TAC claims

matched with

Police reports

Match rate

(%)

1987 30,892 17,509 56.7

1988 28,427 16,672 58.6

1989 25,399 17,494 66.3

1990 19,633 13,886 70.7

1991 19,538 12,774 65.4

1992 19,251 13,118 68.1

1993 18,590 12,618 67.8

1994 19,341 11,927 61.6

1995 20,189 12,452 61.7

1996 19,954 14,034 70.3

1997 18,754 13,036 69.5

1998 18,561 12,395 66.8

Changes to the police data collection system in Victoria during 2005 meant that only data to

about September 2005 was available for the update of Newstead et al (2007a). In the update of

Newstead et al (2008a) complete 2005 crash data and 2006 crash data to about the end of

September was available. In the update of Newstead et al (2009a) complete 2006 crash data and

2007 crash data to about the end of September was available. In the update of Newstead et al

(2010a) complete 2007 and 2008 crash data was available. In the updates of Newstead et al

(2011a) and Newstead et al (2012a) complete 2009 and 2010 crash data was available

respectively. In this update complete 2011 crash data was available. Unmatched Victorian crash

data for 2011 represented 8,811 injured drivers of 1982-2011 model vehicles involved in a crash

in Victoria. These records were combined with the merged files of TAC claims with Police

reports for 1987-1998 and police reported data only from 1999-2010, which represented 157,403

injured drivers of 1982-2010 model vehicles crashing during 1987-2010. The resulting file

covered 166,214 injured drivers of 1982-2011 model cars. The information on these drivers was

combined with data on drivers injured in the other four jurisdictions (see Section 2.6) to produce

the updated crashworthiness ratings. For the study of crashworthiness by year of vehicle

manufacture the merged TAC claims for injury during 1987-98 and police crash records during

1999-2011 covered 211,346 injured drivers of cars, station wagons or taxis manufactured over

the years 1964-2011.

Calculation of aggressivity ratings required selecting vehicles involved in two car crashes

followed by matching of the vehicle and occupant injury details for the two cars involved in the

crash. For those vehicles manufactured over the period 1982 to 2011 injury details for the driver

of the other vehicle in the crash were matched by returning to the full Victorian Police reported

crash data files for 1987-2011. The data matching process identified 107,291 vehicles

manufactured between 1982 and 2010 that had been involved in a crash with one other vehicle

where the other vehicle had no restriction on its year of manufacture. Of the drivers of these

other vehicles, 56,069 were injured and 47,496 were uninjured. It was not possible to use the

uninjured records from the Victorian data, as they are incomplete due to the fact that only

crashes involving injury are reliably reported in Victoria. Hence only the 56,069 records of other

driver injury were used for calculation of the injury severity component of the vehicle

aggressivity ratings. Of the 56,069 injured drivers, 12,832 were severely injured.


Collisions between a single vehicle and an unprotected road user where the vehicles were

restricted to those manufactured between 1982 and 2011 were also identified for calculation of

the aggressivity ratings using a variable identifying accident type from records for the years

1987 to 2011. Vehicles were matched with the unprotected road user casualty records to obtain

the unprotected road user injury level. For the period 1987 to 2011, 28,227 unprotected road

users were matched with vehicle records with an identified make and model and manufactured

between 1982 and 2011. Of these 28,227 unprotected road users, 27,994 were injured, 11,674

seriously.

2.2 New South Wales Crashes

The Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) in New South Wales supplied files covering 1,547,419

light passenger vehicles manufactured from 1982 to 2011 involved in Police reported crashes

during 1987-2011 that resulted in death or injury or a vehicle being towed away. Model and year

of manufacture have been added to each vehicle after matching with the NSW vehicle register

via registration number and vehicle make. This was achieved using a procedure developed by

the NRMA. The total crash files covered four wheel drive vehicles, passenger vans, and light

commercial vehicles as well as cars and station wagons of all years of manufacture crashing in

1987 to 2011. The method of assembly of this data is given in Cameron et al (1994b).

NSW crash data files from 1987 to 1998 had injury severity of people involved in crashes coded

using a four level scale. Levels used were: fatality, hospital admission, other injury and not

injured. From 1998 onwards, the RTA identified inaccuracies by the Police in reporting injury

severity that could not be rectified. In response, the RTA changed the injury severity coding in

the NSW crash data to give only three levels: fatality; injury; and not injured. For the purpose of

computing crashworthiness ratings, this meant the NSW data for 1999-2011 could not be used to

estimate the injury severity measure in the same manner as previous rating updates.

Preparation of the NSW data for final analysis involved merging the files with vehicle

information, including driver age and gender, with files supplied by NSW RTA covering details

of the person casualties (killed and injured persons) and the reported crashes for the same years.

Each vehicle/driver matched uniquely with the corresponding crash information, but only injured

drivers could match with persons in the casualty files. A driver who did not match was

considered to be uninjured. Of the 1,547,419 drivers involved in tow-away crashes, 269,703

were injured. Of the injured drivers, 72,678 were injured in crashes from 1987 to 1998 and had a

valid injury severity level coded (serious or other injury).

Of the 1,547,419 1982-2011 model year vehicles involved in crashes in NSW, 964,822 were

coded as being involved in crashes with one other traffic unit (i.e. the crash involved a total of

two traffic units). In order to compare occupant injury levels in crashes involving two vehicles, it

was necessary to match the crash and occupant injury information for each of the two vehicles

involved in the crash.

The data used for calculation of the crashworthiness ratings covered only vehicles manufactured

from 1982 to 2011. Consequently, initial matching of only the crashworthiness data to determine

pairs of vehicles involved in a crash identified both the vehicles in the crash when both vehicles

were manufactured from 1982 to 2011. A second matching stage was then required to identify

the details of drivers of vehicles manufactured before 1982 that had collided with the unmatched

1982-2011 model year vehicles in the crashworthiness file. This required retrieval of the


remaining crash records in the 1987-2011 NSW crash files not used for crashworthiness ratings

in order to match vehicles manufactured prior to 1982. The two-stage data matching process

identified 428,500 matched records of vehicles manufactured between 1982 and 2011 that had

been involved in a crash with one other vehicle where the other vehicle had no restriction on its

year of manufacture. Of the drivers of these other vehicles, 64,640 were injured. Of the injured

drivers, 19,928 were injured in crashes from 1987 to 1998 and had a valid injury severity level

coded (serious or other injury).

Calculation of the aggressivity rating also required the identification of crashes between a single

light vehicle and an unprotected road user where the vehicles were restricted to those

manufactured between 1982 and 2011. The required crashes were identified using a variable

identifying accident type. Casualty records for the crash years 1987 to 2011 were used to

identify unprotected road users injured in a collision with one vehicle. The vehicles were then

matched with the unprotected road user casualty records to obtain the pedestrian, bicyclist or

motorcyclist injury level. For the period 1987 to 2011, 63,572 unprotected road users were

matched with vehicle records. Of these 63,572 unprotected road users, 26,869 were injured in

crashes from 1987 to 1998 and had a valid injury severity level coded. Of these, 8,486 were

seriously injured.

For the study of crashworthiness by vehicle year of manufacture, the NSW data represented

1,814,619 drivers of cars, station wagons or taxis manufactured from 1964 to 2011 who were

involved in tow-away crashes. Of these drivers, 311,137 were injured, 119,503 of these during

1987-1998 and with a valid injury severity code.

The presence of uninjured drivers in the merged data file meant that it was suitable for

measuring the risk of driver injury (in cars sufficiently damaged to require towing). This

contrasted with the Victorian and New Zealand data files, which could not be used to measure

injury risk directly because not all uninjured drivers were included.

2.3 Queensland Crashes

Queensland Transport supplied files covering 498,953 light passenger vehicles involved in

Police reported crashes during January 1991-December 2010 that resulted in death or injury or a

vehicle being towed away. The files supplied covered years of vehicle manufacture from 1991-

2010 including models of four wheel drive vehicles, passenger vans, and light commercial

vehicles as well as cars and station wagons for which a model could be identified.

The vehicle files, which also contained links to separate files with driver age and sex, were

merged with files supplied by Queensland Transport covering details of the person casualties

(killed and injured persons) and the reported crashes for the same years. Each vehicle/driver

matched uniquely with the corresponding crash information, but only injured drivers could

match with persons in the casualty files. As for NSW, a driver who did not match was

considered to be uninjured. Out of the 498,953 drivers involved in tow-away crashes, 138,789

were injured.

Of the 498,953 vehicles reported as crashed in Queensland and used in estimation of

crashworthiness ratings, 360,109 were coded as being involved in crashes with one other traffic

unit (i.e. the crash involved a total of two traffic units). In order to compare occupant injury

levels between two vehicles involved in a crash, it was necessary to match the crash and

occupant injury information for each of the two vehicles involved in the crash in the same


manner as for NSW. Using the same two stage data matching process as used for NSW and

described above, the process identified 188,011 vehicles manufactured between 1982 and 2010

that had been involved in a crash with one other vehicle where the other vehicle had no

restriction on its year of manufacture. Of the drivers of these other vehicles, 55,145 were injured,

15,345 seriously. These records were used for calculation of vehicle aggressivity ratings toward

drivers of other vehicles.

Records on unprotected road users involved in a crash with one light vehicle unit were retrieved

and identified using variables classifying unit type and number of units in the crash. Single

vehicle collisions were identified using a variable identifying unit type and number of vehicles in

the crash. These vehicles were then matched with the unprotected road user casualty records to

obtain the injury level. A total of 29,496 unprotected road users were matched with records on

1982-2010 year passenger vehicles with model details identified. Of these 29,496 unprotected

road users, 28,836 were injured, 14,033 seriously.

For the study of crashworthiness by vehicle year of manufacture, the Queensland data

represented 447,946 drivers of cars, station wagons or taxis manufactured from 1964 to 2010

who were involved in tow-away crashes. Of these drivers, 126,540 were injured. The number of

vehicles crashing in Queensland and available for the year of manufacture analysis was less than

expected. This is because a large proportion of the vehicles in the Queensland data from 1997

and 1998 had year of manufacture missing due to difficulties in accessing the vehicle register to

determine vehicle details at the time of assembling the data from these two years. Some of the

vehicles with missing year of manufacture could, however, be assigned an accurate model code

though the VIN decoding process described below despite the missing field.

As with the data from NSW, the presence of uninjured drivers in the data file meant that it was

also suitable for measuring the risk of driver injury (in cars sufficiently damaged to require

towing).

2.4 Western Australia Crashes

The Western Australian Department of Main Roads maintains a database of all crashes in

Western Australia reported to the police. Crashes in Western Australia must be reported to

police if anyone involved is killed or injured or the crash results in property damage greater than

$3,000 (Road Safety Council of Western Australia, 2001). This means that, like New South

Wales, South Australia and Queensland, both injury and non-injury crashes are reported making

the data suitable for inclusion in estimating both the injury risk and injury severity components

of the vehicle safety ratings. Although the Western Australia crash data is held as a relational

database, Western Australia Department of Main Roads supplied the data in a single flat file

with a record for each person involved in a reported crash. Data covered the period 1991 to

2010. The data was re-issued in 2005 for the period 1991 to 2003 due to a change in database

structure and variable definitions in 1995 that may have caused some inconsistency in the data

over the entire time period. In 2006 the data was re-issued for the period 1991 to 2005 to include

registration plates of crashed vehicles. This registration plate detail was used for matching to

Western Australian registration data to obtain VIN data for vehicle decoding as described in

Section 3.1. In the most recent update (Newstead et al 2012a) 2010 crash data was supplied with

registration plates of crashed vehicles. In addition matched registration data was provided. The

2011 crash data for this update was supplied with registration plates of crashed vehicles. This

registration plate detail was used for matching to Western Australian registration data to obtain

VIN data for vehicle decoding as described in Section 3.1.


The files supplied covered 1,190,944 light passenger vehicles manufactured between 1982 and

2011 involved in Police reported crashes during 1991-2011 that resulted in death or injury or a

vehicle being towed away. The files supplied covered models of four wheel drive vehicles,

passenger vans, and light commercial vehicles as well as cars and station wagons. Out of the

1,190,944 drivers involved in tow-away crashes, 168,025 were injured.

Of the 1,190,944 vehicles reported as crashed in WA and used in estimation of crashworthiness

ratings, 884,712 were involved in crashes with one other traffic unit. Of the drivers of the

matched vehicles, 86,822 were injured. These records were used for calculation of vehicle

aggressivity ratings toward drivers of other vehicles.

Records on unprotected road users involved in a crash with one vehicle unit for the period 1991

to 2011 were retrieved and identified using variables classifying unit type and number of units in

the crash. 40,913 unprotected road users in the Western Australia crash records were identified

as colliding with a 1982-2011 year of manufacture passenger vehicle with model details

identified. Of the 27,759 unprotected road users who were injured, 10,545 were severely injured.

For the study of crashworthiness by vehicle year of manufacture, the Western Australia data

represented 1,046,059 drivers of cars, station wagons or taxis manufactured from 1964 to 2011

who were involved in tow-away crashes. Of these drivers, 145,176 were injured.

2.5 South Australia Crashes

The Road Crash Information Unit of the Department of Transport, Energy and Infrastructure

maintains a database of all crashes in South Australia reported to the South Australian Police via

vehicle crash reports. Crashes included involved at least one person being killed or injured, or a

vehicle towed away, or total property damage of $3,000 or greater. Prior to 01 July 2003 the

Department processed 'property damage only' crashes with an aggregated damage value of

$1000 or greater. This change in property damage value occurred as data processing costs and

budget reductions had reached an unsustainable level. The decision was made to process all

casualty crashes, property damage only greater than $3000, and tow-away crashes regardless of

value. Crash data was provided for the years 1995 to 2011 with three files provided for each

year. The three files provided contain detail on the crash, traffic unit and casualties. In addition,

data files have been provided with road and Local Government Area details. Like NSW,

Queensland and Western Australia, both injury and non-injury crashes are reported making the

data suitable for inclusion in estimating both the injury risk and injury severity components of

the vehicle safety ratings.

The files supplied covered 759,418 light passenger vehicles manufactured between 1982 and

2011 involved in Police reported crashes during 1995-2011 that resulted in death or injury or a

vehicle being towed away. The files supplied covered models of four wheel drive vehicles,

passenger vans, and light commercial vehicles as well as cars and station wagons. Out of the

759,418 drivers involved in tow-away crashes, 70,991 were recorded as injured.

Of the 759,418 vehicles reported as crashed in South Australia and used in estimation of

crashworthiness ratings, 568,899 were involved in crashes with one other traffic unit. Of the

drivers of the matched vehicles, 34,518 were injured. These records were used for calculation of

vehicle aggressivity ratings toward drivers of other vehicles.


Records on unprotected road users involved in a crash with one vehicle unit for the period 1995

to 2011 were retrieved and identified using variables classifying unit type and number of units in

the crash. 24,977 unprotected road users in the South Australia crash records were identified as

colliding with a 1982-2011 year of manufacture passenger vehicle with model details identified.

Of the 16,394 unprotected road users who were injured, 4,005 were severely injured.

For the study of crashworthiness by vehicle year of manufacture, the SA data represented

844,288 drivers of cars, station wagons or taxis manufactured from 1964 to 2011 who were

involved in tow-away crashes. Of these drivers, 80,435 were injured.

2.6 Crash and Registration Data from New Zealand

Two sources of data from New Zealand were used in the calculation of vehicle crashworthiness

and aggressivity ratings. The first data source provided was a crash file showing the registration,

vehicle, driver and various crash characteristics for all police reported crashes in New Zealand

for the years 1991 to 2011. The second data source was registration data giving details of all

crash involved vehicles on the NZ register in each year from 1991 to 2011. Extracts from both

data sources supplied for estimation of vehicle safety ratings are described below. The method of

assembly of this data is given in Newstead et al (2007).

After assembling the data, 262,524 light passenger vehicles manufactured between 1982 and

2011 were used in the crashworthiness analysis. Of the drivers of these vehicles 124,552 were

not injured or had unknown injury status, whilst the remaining 137,972 were injured to some

degree. The injury details of the 137,972 injured drivers were used for estimation of the

crashworthiness injury severity measure in conjunction with the Australian data. Records on the

uninjured drivers in the New Zealand injury crash data could not be used in the calculation of the

injury risk component of the crashworthiness ratings. This was because non-injury crashes in

New Zealand, and hence uninjured drivers involved in these crashes, were not suitable for use in

the analysis and therefore records on all uninjured drivers in all crashes in New Zealand were

incomplete.

A subset of the New Zealand data described above and used for estimation of crashworthiness

injury severity formed the basis of the data used in the calculation of the aggressivity ratings. For

calculation of aggressivity ratings, vehicles involved in two vehicle crashes were identified. Of

the drivers of vehicles colliding with the vehicles identified, 45,655 were injured whilst 37,160

were uninjured. Information on the injury level of the 45,655 injured drivers, 6,713 of whom

were seriously injured, was used in conjunction with the Australian data to estimate the injury

severity component of the aggressivity ratings.

Records on unprotected road users involved in a crash with one light vehicle unit for the period

1991 to 2011 were retrieved and identified using variables classifying unit type and number of

units in the crash. 29,711 unprotected road users were identified as impacting with a 1982-2011

year of manufacture passenger vehicle with model details identified. Of the 29,443 unprotected

road users who were injured, 8,263 were severely injured.

2.7 Combined Data from the Six Jurisdictions

When the data on the injured drivers was combined for analysis, it covered 958,289 drivers of

1982-2011 model vehicles who were injured in crashes in Victoria or New South Wales during


1987-2011 or in South Australia during 1995-2011 or in Queensland during 1991-2010 or in

Western Australia or New Zealand during 1991-2011. Of these, 761,264 had a valid injury

severity code, with 197,025 drivers injured in crashes in NSW during 1999-2011 excluded

because of missing injury severity. Information on the 761,264 injured drivers was used to assess

the injury severity of the injured drivers of the different makes and models when computing

crashworthiness ratings. The information on the 3,996,734 drivers involved in tow-away crashes

in NSW during 1987-2011 or South Australia during 1995-2011 or Western Australia during

1991-2011 or Queensland during 1991-2010 was used to assess the injury rate of drivers of the

different makes and models for computing crashworthiness ratings.

The combined data on drivers injured in crashes between two light vehicles used for estimation

of vehicle aggressivity ratings covered 342,849 drivers of vehicles colliding with 1964-2011

model vehicles. These drivers were injured in two car crashes in Victoria during 1987-2011 or

NSW during 1987-2011 or in South Australia during 1995-2011 or in Queensland during 1991-

2010 or in Western Australia and New Zealand during 1991-2011. Excluding the 44,712 injured

drivers from NSW during 1999-2010 without a valid injury severity code left 298,137 cases for

analysis. This information was used to assess the injury severity of the injured drivers colliding

with the different makes and models when computing aggressivity ratings. The aggressivity

injury risk component was estimated from data including information on the 2,778,542 drivers

involved in two-car tow-away crashes in NSW during 1987-2011, in South Australia during

1995-2011, in Western Australia during 1991-2011 and in Queensland during 1991-2010.

The combined data on unprotected road users used for estimation of aggressivity covered

216,896 unprotected road users, of whom 157,295 were injured. Of those injured, 57,006 with

valid injury severity codes were seriously injured. These unprotected road users were involved

in a collision with a 1982-2011 model vehicle in Victoria or NSW during 1987-2011, or in South

Australia during 1995-2011 or in Western Australia or New Zealand during 1991-2011, or in

Queensland during 1991-2010.

For the study of crashworthiness by year of vehicle manufacture, the combined data covered

880,919 drivers of vehicles manufactured between 1964 and 2011 who were injured in crashes,

157,014 severely, in Victoria during 1987-2011, NSW during 1987-1998, in South Australia

during 1995-2011, in Western Australia during 1991-2011 and Queensland during 1991-2010.

For the assessment of injury risk by year of vehicle manufacture, the combined data covered

4,152,912 drivers involved in tow-away crashes in NSW during 1987-2011 or in South Australia

during 1995-2011 or Western Australia and Queensland during 1991-2010.


3. MODELS AND MARKET GROUPS OF VEHICLES

3.1 Vehicle Model Identification

A procedure initially developed by the NRMA based on decoding Vehicle Identification

Numbers (VIN) or chassis numbers was extended and used as the primary means to determine

the models of light passenger vehicles. The decoding identified some light truck and unusual

commercial models that were not considered further. Of the light passenger vehicles

manufactured during 1982-2005 around 95% had their model identified by the VIN decoder.

Further details of the VIN decoding process are given by Pappas (1993). The VIN decoding

procedure was used to identify all vehicle models in the New South Wales and Queensland data

and 1989 year of manufacture vehicles onwards in the Victorian data from 1994. For the first

time VINs were obtained from the Western Australian vehicle register, managed by the WA

Department of Transport. This meant the VIN decoding system used on data from the other four

states to identify vehicle model details was used for some of the Western Australia crash data.

Because only a recent snapshot of the registration file was obtained registration details of

expired registrations was not available. The VIN decoding system was also used to identify

make and model details for vehicles sold new in New Zealand with a valid ISO VIN recorded.

For those vehicles in Western Australia without a VIN available, the previous decoding method

based on make, model and year of manufacture codes held in the vehicle register and described

in Newstead et al (2006) was used. A similar system was used to classify new vehicles in the

New Zealand crash data without a valid ISO VIN and for used imported vehicles from Japan.

For Victorian vehicles in the pre 1994 data without a VIN, a system of decoding based on

vehicle mass and power was used. This is also described in Newstead et al (2006).

South Australia registration data was matched to crash data by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing

section of the Department of Transport, Energy and Infrastructure using an extract comprising of

the crash date and six character plate detail of the crashed vehicle from the crash data provided

to MUARC by the Transport Services Division of the same Department. The vehicles were

selected on the basis that the plate was registered as being on the vehicle as at the crash date and

the vehicle was registered by the client as at the crash date and was described by the extracted

vehicle details. Plate detail in the provided crash data was only six characters whilst the plate

numbers on the South Australia register can be longer than six characters, so the numbers were

used "as they are" to extract the data. Plates are identified on the South Australia register using

plate type and plate number. This resulted in some plate/crash date combinations being extracted

more than once. These were excluded from the analysis. Where no match has been possible, the

original plate and crash date remain with no extract details populated. Other vehicle details

including make, year of manufacture and model which is a free format field on the register and

as such, doesn't contain codified or verified data were supplied. This meant the VIN decoding

system used on data from the other four states to identify vehicle model details was able to be

used for the South Australia crash data.

RACV, RTA, NRMA, NZTA and VicRoads provided advice on the particular models that had

experienced substantial changes in design (and hence potential crashworthiness) and in which

years the design was relatively constant. This was validated and supplemented by information

from Redbook on vehicle specification. This resulted in certain models being split into ranges of

years of manufacture. Where the new model was introduced near the beginning or end of a year

(up to two months either way), this process was relatively straightforward (accepting a small

miss-classification in some circumstances). However, when the model changed near the middle


of the year, the model for that year was kept separate and potentially treated as a "mixed" model

(e.g. the Daihatsu Charade 1987 models). Where exact model decoding was possible from the

VIN, without using year of vehicle manufacture, this was used. They also provided advice on

vehicle models that could be combined with each other (sometimes only for specific years)

because they were essentially the same design or construction but registered as having different

manufacturers.

As in previous crashworthiness ratings, models were excluded with fewer than 20 injured drivers

and/or fewer than 100 involved drivers appearing in the crash data. The same selection criteria

were also used for aggressivity ratings except exclusion was based on the number of road users

colliding with the focus vehicle model. These selection criteria were used to ensure stability in

fitting the logistic regression models to estimate the ratings.

3.2 Pooled Car Models

Vehicle model sharing amongst manufacturers retailing in the Australian market has been

relatively common. Because shared models are generally identical, particularly with respect to

safety performance, it is possible to pool such models for safety rating, allowing a more precise

estimate of the safety of models for which data is pooled rather than considering each separately.

Pooled models are identified in the report appendices by their combined vehicle make and model

names.

It should be noted that some of the vehicle models identified in the data have optional safety

equipment, such as air bags, which could significantly alter the secondary safety performance of

the vehicle model when fitted. It is, however, generally not possible to identify which particular

vehicles of a model series do and do not have such optional safety equipment installed using the

model decoding procedures described above. Consequently, for those vehicle models with

optional safety equipment, the estimated ratings represent an average of the safety performance

for vehicles with and without the optional safety equipment weighted by the number of each in

the crash data.

As the ratings only measure injury outcome in the event of a crash and not the risk of the crash

occurring, the effect of fitment of active or crash avoidance safety features such as anti-lock

braking or electronic stability control systems on crash avoidance was not measured by these

ratings. As only driver injury outcomes were considered amongst vehicle occupants, optional or

standard safety features for the front or rear seat passengers, such as passenger frontal airbag

systems, would also not have affected the ratings.

3.3 Vehicle Market Groups

Previous updates of the vehicle safety ratings have classified vehicle models, for the purpose of

publication, into one of a number of market groups. The market groups defined are based

heavily on those used by the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI) for reporting

Australian vehicle sales as part of their VFACTS publication (see www.fcai.com.au for further

details). The 10 market groups defined for analysis are as follows with a broad description of the

classification criteria used to define each (although the criteria are not strictly applied and some

judgement on classification used according to where a vehicle is classified by VFACTS) .

http://www.fcai.com.au/


Passenger Cars

Light Passenger car, hatch, sedan, coupe or convertible 3 or 4 cylinder

engine, up to1, 500 cc, tare mass < 1150kg.

Small Passenger car, hatch, sedan, wagon, coupe or convertible 4 cylinder

engine, 1,501 cc - 2,000 cc, tare mass 1150-1350kg.

Medium Passenger car, hatch, sedan, wagon, coupe or convertible 4 cylinder

engine, 2,001 cc upward, tare mass 1350-1550kg.

Large Passenger car, hatch, sedan, wagon, coupe or convertible 6 or 8

cylinder engine, tare mass > 1550kg.

People Movers Passenger usage seating capacity > 5 people.

Sports Utility Vehicles (also called Four Wheel Drive Vehicles) (high ground clearance, wagon

generally with off road potential)

SUV Small Index rating < 550 (typically less than 1700kg tare mass)

SUV Medium Index rating 550 - 700 (typically between 1700kg and 2000kg tare

mass)

SUV Large Index rating > 700 (typically greater than 2000kg tare mass)

Light Commercial Vehicles

Van Blind & window vans.

Utility Two and four wheel drive, normal control (bonnet), utility, cab chassis and

crew-cabs.

The classification of SUV vehicles is based on an index developed by VFACTS that considers

gross vehicle mass, maximum engine torque and the availability of a dual range transmission.

The index typically classifies the vehicles roughly by tare mass as indicated on the

classifications above. Some departures from the VFACTS classification have been made in

presenting the ratings in this study. VFACTS defines a luxury SUV category based on vehicle

price as well as classifying sports cars priced above the luxury car tax threshold as luxury

vehicles. Here, the luxury SUVs have been distributed amongst the 3 defined SUV categories

based on tare mass, as the information for computing the classification index used by VFACTS

was not available at the time of the study.

There have also been some departures from the classification principles defined above for

certain vehicle models that have a range of engine sizes and hence fall across two different

defined categories. These are typically passenger vehicles and include, for example, cars like

some models of the Toyota Camry that come fitted with a large 4 cylinder engine in some

variants and a 6 cylinder engine in other variants. In these cases, a value judgement has been

made for each vehicle model individually based on the other vehicle models with which each

typically competes in the market place.


4. ANALYSIS

4.1 Overview of Analysis Methods: Crashworthiness

The crashworthiness rating (C) is a measure of the risk of serious injury (hospitalisation or

death) to a driver of a car when it is involved in a crash. It is defined to be the product of two

probabilities (Cameron et al, 1992):

i) the probability that a driver involved in a crash is injured (injury risk), denoted by R; and

ii) the probability that an injured driver is hospitalised or killed (injury severity), denoted by

S.

That is

C R S .

Folksam Insurance, who publishes the well-known Swedish ratings, first measured

crashworthiness in this way (Gustafsson et al, 1989).

In the present report, each of the two components of the crashworthiness rating was obtained by

logistic regression modelling techniques (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 1989). Such techniques are able

to simultaneously adjust for the effect of a number of factors (such as driver age and sex, number

of vehicles involved, etc.) on probabilities such as the injury risk and injury severity whilst

estimating the role of vehicle model, market group or year of manufacture in the injury outcome.

This method, described fully in Newstead et al (2006), has previously been used to produce the

Australian and New Zealand vehicle fleet crashworthiness ratings. For estimation of the

crashworthiness ratings, factors in the logistic model included the available non-vehicle factors

influencing injury outcome as well as the variable indicating vehicle model, market group or

year of manufacture. Newstead et al (2006) details how confidence limits on the regression

estimates of injury risk and severity are calculated with these techniques also being used here.

A stepwise procedure was used to identify which non-vehicle factors and their interactions had

an important influence on driver injury outcome. Logistic models were obtained separately for

injury risk and injury severity because it was likely that the various factors would have different

levels of influence on these two probabilities. The non-vehicle factors considered in the analysis

for both injury risk and injury severity were

sex: driver sex (male, female)

age: driver age (25 years; 26-59 years; 60 years)

speedzone: speed limit at the crash location (75 km/h; 80 km/h)

nveh: the number of vehicles involved (one vehicle; >1 vehicle)

state: jurisdiction of crash (Victoria, NSW, SA, QLD, WA, NZ)

year: year of crash (1987, 1988, … , 2011)

These variables were chosen for consideration because they were part of the Victorian,

Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and New Zealand databases.

Other variables were only available from one source and their inclusion would have drastically

reduced the number of cases that could have been included in the analysis. All data were

analysed using the Logistic Regression procedure of the SAS statistical package (SAS, 1989).

Some model exclusions were made from the analysis by make and model of vehicle for vehicle

model classifications that had no practical interpretation or where there were too few cases for


inclusion. This included models in a particular year where there was a change from one series to

the next and year of manufacture was necessary to determine the series break (such as

Mitsubishi Pajero 1991). It also included some groups of highly aggregated models that would

be of no intrinsic interest to consumers using the ratings (such as Jeep Others or Mazda

Commercials). After exclusion, the regression analyses were performed on 533 individual car

models (or pooled similar models). A list of all vehicle models considered, with those with

sufficient data for analysis indicated, is given in Appendix 1.

These techniques were applied to produce estimates of injury risk, injury severity and

crashworthiness by vehicle make and model, market group or year of manufacture.

4.2 Overview of the Analysis Methods: Aggressivity

The aggressivity rating estimates the risk of death or admission to hospital to both the drivers of

the other cars and to unprotected road users when involved in a collision with the subject model

car. Unprotected road users include pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists. Because an

estimate of the risk of injury cannot be calculated for unprotected road users as explained above

the measure of aggressivity injury risk used was based only on the injury risk to the other driver

(ROU). It is defined as:

Aggressivity Injury Risk = ROU = proportion of other vehicle drivers involved in

crashes who were injured

In contrast, complete records of both other drivers and unprotected road users injured in crashes

are available and can be used to examine injury severity outcomes in the aggressivity measure.

The aggressivity injury severity measure (SOU) is defined as:

Aggressivity Injury Severity = SOU = proportion of other vehicle drivers or

unprotected road users who were killed or

admitted to hospital.

Based on the definition of ROU and SOU above, an aggressivity measure for each subject car

model was then calculated as before:

Aggressivity to other driver or unprotected road user = AOU = ROU x SOU.

Consideration was given to taking into account likely differences between the crash

circumstances of the subject car models, which may result in a distorted view of its aggressivity

only partly related to the characteristics of the subject cars. Factors available in the data to

consider such differences were as follows.

agefcd: age of driver of subject car (<=25 years, 26-59 years, >=60 years)

sexfcd: sex of driver of subject car

ageoo: other car driver age (<=25 years, 26-59 years, >=60 years)

sexoo: other car driver sex (male, female)


state: jurisdiction of crash (Victoria, NSW, SA, QLD, WA, NZ)

year: year of crash (1987, 1988, … ,2011)

crash type: collision partner type (vehicle, pedestrian, bicyclist or

motorcyclist) (injury severity only)


Estimation of the aggressivity measure has utilised logistic regression techniques to adjust ROU

and SOU separately for any major differences that emerge between models of the subject cars

regarding these factors. The adjusted ROU and SOU have been multiplied together for each

subject car model to provide the final measure of aggressivity, AOU. Full details of the analysis

techniques are given in Newstead et al (2006). Analyses by make and model of vehicle were

performed on 478 individual car models for calculation of the aggressivity rating. Estimates

were also obtained by market group.

4.3 Overview of Analysis Methods: Total Safety

The concept of the total secondary safety index developed in Newstead et al (2004b) forms the

basis of the integrated single measure of total secondary safety developed in Newstead et al

(2007c) and used here and has some inherent similarities to the crashworthiness and aggressivity

metrics developed by MUARC as will become evident. Like the initial index of Newstead et al

(2004b), the integrated total secondary safety index is formulated by considering the four major

crash types involving light passenger vehicles and the most relevant injury outcomes in those

crashes. Table 3 summarises the key elements necessary to calculate the total secondary safety

index. The table is categorised by each of the four major crash types considered giving the focus

crash participants whose injury outcomes are considered in the index and representations of the

key injury counts by injury severity level. The final column of Table 2 gives the proportion of

the total crash population represented by each crash type for the crash population being

considered.

Table 2: Light passenger vehicle crash types, injury outcome counts and percentage

representation components for formulating the total secondary safety index.

Crash Type Focus Crash

Participant

Number

Involved

Number

Injured

Number Killed

or Seriously

Injured

Proportion of

Total Crash

Population

1. Passenger

Vehicle to

Passenger

Vehicle

Focus light vehicle

driver E1f I1f S1f

p1 Other light vehicle

driver E1o I1o S1o

2. Single Passenger

Vehicle Light vehicle driver E2 I2 S2 p2

3. Passenger

Vehicle to

Heavy Vehicle

Light vehicle driver E3 I3 S3 p3

4. Passenger

Vehicle to

Unprotected

Road User

Unprotected road

user N/A I4 S4 p4

N/A – Not fully reported in police crash records

As noted in Newstead et al (2004a), heavy vehicle drivers are typically not injured in crashes

with light passenger vehicles and are hence not considered in the total secondary safety index.

Similarly, drivers of the light passenger vehicle are not injured in crashes with unprotected road

users and have not been included in formulating the index. Vehicle occupants other than drivers

have not been considered as they are often not recorded by police in their crash reports unless

injured. Similarly, crashes involving uninjured unprotected road users are generally not reported

to police and hence the total number of unprotected road users involved in crashes is unknown.

The ‘focus’ light vehicle driver in Table 3 refers to the driver of the vehicle being rated whilst

the ‘other’ vehicle is the collision partner.


Like the crashworthiness and aggressivity measure, the total secondary safety index is defined as

the product of an injury risk component and an injury severity component. The need to define a

two component measure is necessary to be able to make best use of the police reported crash

databases in New Zealand and Victoria that record only crashes involving injury. It is not

possible to determine the total number of crash involved people in these jurisdictions since

records on crashes where no one is injured is not available. Hence these two data sets are only

useful for measuring relative injury severity and not injury risk.

The measure of total secondary safety injury risk, RT, is defined as follows:

321

3

33

2

22

1

1

1

1

1

2

)(

ppp

E

Ip

E

Ip

E

I

E

Ip

Ro

o

f

f

T

It measures the average risk of injury across all key participants in a crash involving a light

passenger vehicle weighted by the relative exposure of each participant type across the entire

crash population. Since unprotected road users are generally injured crashes reported to police,

they are not included in the injury risk measure. The corresponding total secondary safety injury

severity measure, ST, is defined as follows:

4321

4

44

3

33

2

22

1

1

1

1

1

2

)(

pppp

I

Sp

I

Sp

I

Sp

I

S

I

Sp

So

o

f

f

T

It measures the average risk of death or serious injury given some injury was sustained across all

key participants in a crash weighted again by the relative exposure of each participant type

across the entire crash population. The integrated total secondary safety index, T, is defined to be

the product of the injury risk and injury severity components:

TT SRT .

It measures the average risk of death or serious injury in crash involving a light passenger

vehicle across all key participants in a crash weighted again by the relative exposure of each

participant type across the entire crash population. It can be estimated for individual vehicle

models, by vehicle market groups or for the fleet as a whole as desired with a table of the form

of Table 3 being derived for each entity at the level of disaggregation desired.

The description of the total secondary safety index has defined 5 key focus crash participants

whose injury outcome forms the basis of the index. Depending on the available data, it is

possible to define a more detailed index that further breaks down the categories of key

participants. Further breakdowns considered in developing the index were:

Unprotected road user into Bicyclist

Pedestrian

Cyclist

Heavy vehicle collision partner into Rigid Truck


Articulated Truck

Bus

This made a total of 9 key participant categories considered in the total secondary safety index.

The final number of categories that were able to be sustained in practical application of the index

depended on the amount of crash data available from each category and the level of vehicle

aggregation at which the index was being calculated (e.g. make and model of vehicle vs market

group).

Like the crashworthiness and aggressivity indices developed by MUARC, the aim for the

integrated total secondary safety index was that it reflect only the influence of the vehicle on

injury outcome and not factors external to the vehicle such as key participant or crash

characteristics. Consequently, there was a need to compensate for differences in these key non

vehicle related factors that existed form vehicle model to vehicle model or by market group.

Logistic regression analysis was utilised to produce total secondary safety ratings appropriately

adjusted for the influence on non-vehicle related factors on injury outcome. For estimation of the

total secondary safety ratings, factors in the logistic model included the available non-vehicle

factors influencing injury outcome, such as driver or unprotected road user age and gender, year

and jurisdiction of crash and crash configuration, as well as the variable indicating vehicle model

or market group.

Since the analysis potentially included 2 drivers from the same crash in a light vehicle to light

vehicle crash, an assumption implicit in the logistic modelling process was that, given the level

of impact severity of the crash represented by non-vehicle factors in the logistic model, it was

assumed that the injury outcome of the two drivers was independent. This assumption was

considered reasonable since the estimated crashworthiness and aggressivity of vehicles rated by

Newstead et al (2007a and 2008a) appear to be essentially independent and each of these

measure focuses heavily on the injury outcome of each driver in a two vehicle crash.

In the present report, as with the crashworthiness and aggressivity ratings each of the two

components of the total secondary safety index was obtained by logistic regression modelling

techniques (Hosmer & Lemeshow, 1989). Such techniques are able to simultaneously adjust for

the effect of a number of factors on probabilities such as the injury risk and injury severity whilst

estimating the role of vehicle model, market group or year of manufacture in the injury outcome.

Only the average total secondary safety across a standardised set of crash circumstances and

occupant characteristics was of interest. This method is described fully in Newstead et al (2007c)

along with details on how confidence limits on the regression estimates of injury risk and

severity are calculated.

The factors considered during this stage of the analysis for both injury risk and injury severity

were

sex: driver or unprotected road user sex (male, female)

age: driver or unprotected road user age (25 years; 26-59 years; 60 years)


nveh: the number of vehicles involved (one vehicle; >1 vehicle)

state: jurisdiction of crash (Victoria, NSW, QLD, WA, NZ)

year: year of crash (1987, 1988, … ,2011)

For this update the factor specifying the number of vehicles (nveh) was removed as it was

correlated with the following factor, crash combination type (crashtyp).


A further critical factor that is likely to vary between vehicle models is the mix of collisions

between light passenger vehicles and both other vehicles of various types and unprotected road

users. The injury severity (ST) and injury risk (RT) components of the new total secondary safety

measure (T) is an average of injury severity or injury risk outcomes respectively across the mix

of crash types involving the focus vehicle. Since injury outcomes will vary considerably across

the mix of crash types it is necessary to adjust the new total secondary safety injury severity

measure and injury risk measure to account for differences in the proportion of crash type

combinations between vehicle models. To adjust for potential differences a further factor was

included in the logistic regression models for both total secondary safety injury risk and injury

severity. The factor used was:

crashtyp crash combination type,

For the injury risk analysis the crash combination types consisted of:

two vehicle – focus vehicle driver

two vehicle – other vehicle driver

single vehicle

heavy vehicle collisions (including collisions with articulated trucks, rigid trucks or

buses)

For the injury severity analysis an additional collision combination type was included being

collisions between a light passenger vehicle and unprotected road users (pedestrians, bicyclists

or motorcyclists). This additional collision combination type was excluded from the injury risk

analysis because in general crashes involving pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists are

seldom reported to the Police unless someone is killed or injured which is usually the

unprotected road user. This means that an estimate of the risk of injury cannot be calculated for

the unprotected road user.

Although heavy collisions could be further categorised into rigid truck, articulated truck or bus

collisions and unprotected road users could be further categorised into pedestrians, bicyclists and

motorcyclists it was important to ensure that the logistic model adequately described the data

and did not yield coefficients that were imprecise or unstable. For this reason, for both heavy

vehicle collisions and unprotected road user collisions, the sub type classifications were pooled

to ensure sufficient data for precise and stable results.


5. RESULTS

5.1 Vehicle Crashworthiness Ratings

5.1.1 Injury Risk

Injury risk was estimated from the data on drivers involved in tow-away crashes in New South

Wales, South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia during 1987-2011. This data set is

referred to as the "involved drivers". Because of missing values in one or more of the covariates

driver sex and age, speed zone and number of vehicles involved in the crash amongst the

involved drivers and vehicle models of interest, the final file used for analysis consisted of the

2,310,000 drivers for which all the covariate data was complete. Of these drivers 412,551 were

injured. The following non-vehicle related factors and their interactions were significantly

associated with injury risk and were included in the logistic model:

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions

Third order interactions

Sex Speedzone*Nveh Age*Speedzone*Nveh Speedzone*State*Year*Nveh

Speedzone Sex*Nveh Sex*Speedzone*Nveh Sex*Speedzone*State*Nveh

Age Sex*Age Speedzone*Year*Nveh Age*Speedzone*State*Nveh

Nveh Age*Nveh Sex*State*Nveh

State Speedzone*Age Speedzone*Nveh*State

Year State*Year State*Year*Nveh

Nveh*State Age*State*Nveh

Year*Nveh Age*Speedzone*State

Age*State Speedzone*State*Year

Age*Year Sex*State*Year

Speedzone*Year Sex*Speedzone*State

Speedzone*State Age*State*Year

Sex*Speedzone Age*Speedzone*Year

Sex*State Sex*Year*Nveh

Sex*Year Age*Sex*Speedzone

Age*Sex*State

The overall (average) injury risk for involved drivers in tow-away crashes in NSW, South

Australia, Western Australia and Queensland was 17.86 injuries per 100 involved drivers.

Appendix 2 gives the estimates of injury risk derived by logistic regression for the 533

individual car models that were rated. Injury risk ranged from 4.94% for the 1986-1994 Citroen

BX to 45.90% for the 1982-1990 Daihatsu Hi Jet. An estimate of the variability in the injury risk

estimates was calculated from the width of the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Individual confidence interval widths ranged from 0.68% for the 1997-2002 Holden Commodore

VT/VX to 18.29% for the 1997-1999 Daihatsu Move. The small variability for the Holden

Commodore and Toyota Lexcen series sedan reflects the large number of cars of this model in

the data set with precision known to improve with increasing sample size.

The estimated injury risk for each market group is also given in Appendix 2. The large sports

utility vehicles had the lowest injury risk (12.82%) and the light car market group had the

highest (23.17%).


5.1.2 Injury Severity

The data on "injured drivers" covered drivers of 1982-2011 model vehicles who were injured in

crashes in Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland or New

Zealand during 1987-2011. Because of missing values in one or more of the covariates or invalid

injury severity codes amongst the injured drivers, the final file used for analysis consisted of the

455,108 drivers for which all the covariate data was complete. Of these drivers 98,206 were

seriously injured. The following non-vehicle related factors and their interactions were

significantly associated with injury severity and were included in the logistic model:

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions


Sex Sex*State Speedzone*Nveh*State Speedzone*State*Year*Nveh

Speedzone Speedzone*Nveh Speedzone*State*Year

Age Age*Sex Age*State*Nveh

Nveh Nveh*State Age*State*Year

State Speedzone*Age State*Year*Nveh

Year Age*State Speedzone*Year*Nveh

Age*Nveh Age*Speedzone*State

State*Year Sex*State*Nveh

Speedzone*Year Age*Sex*State

Age*Year Age *Sex*Nveh

Year*Nveh

Speedzone*State

Speedzone*Sex

The average injury severity for injured drivers in the data analysed was 21.58 deaths or serious

injuries per 100 injured drivers. Appendix 3 gives the estimates of injury severity derived by

logistic regression for 533 individual car models, or sets of combined models. Of the cars

analysed, injury severity ranged from 4.95% for the 2004-2011 Volvo S40/V50 to 47.86% for

the 1982-1984 Alfa Romeo GTV. An estimate of the variability in the estimates of injury

severity was calculated from the width of the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Individual confidence interval widths ranged from 1.81% for the 1993-1997 Holden Commodore

VR/VS and Toyota Lexcen to 42.25% for the 2000-2005 Toyota MR2.

The estimated injury severity for each market group is also given in Appendix 3. Medium sports

utility vehicles performed best with respect to injury severity, having the lowest average injury

severity of 19.97%. The light car market group had the highest average injury severity of

22.92%.

5.1.3 Crashworthiness Ratings

The crashworthiness ratings for each car model and market group were obtained by multiplying

the individual injury risk and injury severity estimates. Because each of the two components had

been adjusted for the confounding factors, the resultant crashworthiness rating was also adjusted

for the influence of these factors.

Crashworthiness ratings were obtained for each individual model and market group after

adjusting for the confounding factors. Appendix 4 gives the crashworthiness ratings and the

associated 95% confidence intervals for each of the 533 car models included in the analyses.


Appendix 4 also gives the crashworthiness ratings with 90% confidence limits for each of the

533 vehicle models. Each rating is expressed as a percentage, representing the number of drivers

killed or admitted to hospital per 100 drivers involved in a tow-away crash. Overall ratings for

the market groups are also given.

Each crashworthiness rating is an estimate of the true risk of a driver being killed or admitted to

hospital in a tow-away crash and, as such, each estimate has a level of uncertainty about it. This

uncertainty is indicated by the confidence limits in Appendix 4. There is 95% probability that the

confidence interval will cover the true risk of serious injury (death or hospital admission) to the

driver of the particular model of vehicle. Unlike in previous updates no ratings have been

excluded at this stage as it was considered useful for consumer information to present them.

Table 3 gives a summary of the estimated ratings for each of the 10 defined vehicle market

groups. It shows the estimated injury risk and severity components, and the resulting

crashworthiness rating with upper and lower 95% confidence limits, and the width of the 95%

confidence limit. The relative ranking of the crashworthiness rating on each market group is also

given in Table 3 although this should be interpreted with care as there is not necessarily a

statistically significant difference between the average crashworthiness of vehicle market groups

with different rankings. Statistical significance in average crashworthiness between market

groups at the 5% level is only achieved when the 95% confidence limits do not overlap. Similar

comments apply to interpreting results in Appendix 4.

Table 3: Estimated Vehicle Crashworthiness by Market Grouping

Market Group Injury

Risk

(%)

Injury

Severity

(%)

Crashworthiness

Rating*

Overall

rank

order

Lower 95%

Confidence

limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

limit

Width of

Confidence

interval

Overall Average 17.86 21.58 3.85

SMALL SUV 20.45 21.31 4.36 8 4.12 4.61 0.49

MEDIUM SUV 15.12 19.97 3.02 2 2.89 3.16 0.27

LARGE SUV 12.82 21.69 2.78 1 2.67 2.89 0.22

COMMERCIAL - UTE 15.77 21.82 3.44 3 3.35 3.54 0.19

COMMERCIAL - VAN 18.08 21.74 3.93 6 3.74 4.13 0.39

LARGE 16.73 21.57 3.61 4 3.54 3.68 0.13

MEDIUM 17.93 21.10 3.78 5 3.70 3.86 0.16

PEOPLE MOVER 18.38 22.25 4.09 7 3.89 4.30 0.42

SMALL 20.41 21.72 4.43 9 4.35 4.52 0.17

LIGHT 23.17 22.92 5.31 10 5.18 5.44 0.26

* Serious injury rate per 100 drivers involved

5.1.4 Comparisons with the Benchmark Rating

In previous updates, ratings for individual vehicles were compared to an un-weighted numerical

average of the vehicles for which a crashworthiness rating was calculated. For this update, a

comparison was used which classifies vehicles according to where their rating lies in relation to

a ‘best performance’ benchmark. The benchmark rating in this update was defined as the rating

above which 11% of the rating point estimates were better (see Section 5.4). The point against

which ratings for individual vehicles are compared is arbitrary, whether it is the average used in

previous updates or the benchmark rating described above or some other point.

Classification categories are defined by distances away from this benchmark. The five categories

were defined as follows.


Equal to the benchmark.

Worse than the benchmark.

At least 30% worse than the benchmark.



Again this choice is arbitrary but should aim to spread the vehicles across the performance

categories. Vehicles are classified into each category according to the band in which the lower

confidence limit on the rating lies. Using only the lower confidence limit defines a true one-

sided statistical test which is equal for each rating.

Figures 1 to 10 display for each of the market groups the crashworthiness ratings of vehicles

together with their 90% confidence limits. Also displayed on each graph is a line representing

the benchmark crashworthiness safety rating of 2.19% and three lines at 2.85%, 3.51% and

4.17% representing 30% worse than the benchmark, 60% worse than the benchmark and 90%

worse than the benchmark respectively.

Figure 1: Crashworthiness Ratings for Compact Sports Utility vehicles (with 90%

confidence limits)

1 Daihatsu Feroza / Rocky 89-97 11 Nissan X-Trail 01-07 2 Daihatsu Rocky / Rugger 85-98 12 Nissan Dualis 07-11 3 Daihatsu Terios 97-05 13 Lada Niva 84-99 4 Holden Cruze 02-06 14 Honda HR-V 99-02 5 Hyundai Tucson 04-10 15 Land Rover Freelander 98-06 6 Mitsubishi Pajero iO 99-03 16 Suzuki Vitara / Escudo 88-98

7 Mitsubishi Outlander 03-06 17 Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai / SJ410 / SJ413 82-99

8 Mitsubishi / Peugeot Outlander / 4007 06-11 18 Suzuki Jimny 98-10 9 Kia Sportage 98-03 19 Suzuki SX4 07-11

10 Kia Sportage KM 05-10

0.00%

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5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

10.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

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Make and Model

Compact SUV

Crashworthiness

Benchmark

Worse than benchmark + 1 increment

Worse than benchmark + 2 increments



Figure 2: Crashworthiness Ratings for Medium Sports Utility vehicles (with 90%

confidence limits)

1 Daewoo / Ssangong Musso 98-02 21 Mazda CX-7 06-11 2 Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 82-91 22 Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano 88-94 3 Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 92-97 23 Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano / Regulus 95-05 4 Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 98-02 24 Nissan Murano 05-08 5 Holden Frontera / Mu 95-03 25 Nissan Pathfinder 05-11 6 Holden Adventra 03-06 26 Honda CR-V 97-01 7 Holden Captiva CG 06-11 27 Honda CR-V 02-06 8 Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 28 Honda CR-V 07-11 9 Hyundai Terracan 01-07 29 Subaru Tribeca 06-11

10 Mitsubishi Pajero 82-90 30 Subaru Forester 08-11 11 Mitsubishi Pajero 92-99 31 Subaru Forester 97-02 12 Mitsubishi Pajero NM / NP 00-06 32 Subaru Forester 02-08 13 Mitsubishi Pajero NS / NT / NW 07-11 33 Suzuki Grand Vitara 99-05 14 Mitsubishi Challenger 98-06 34 Suzuki Grand Vitara / Escudo 05-08 15 Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 35 Suzuki Grand Vitara JT 08-11 16 Jeep Wrangler 96-04 36 Toyota RAV4 94-00 17 Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 37 Toyota RAV4 01-06 18 Jeep Wrangler 05-11 38 Lexus RX330 03-05 19 Land Rover Defender 92-11 39 Toyota RAV4 06-11 20 Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 01-06

Figure 3: Crashworthiness Ratings for Large Sports Utility vehicles (with 90% confidence

limits)

1 BMW X5 01-08 14 Land Rover Range Rover 82-94 2 Ford Bronco 82-87 15 Land Rover Range Rover 95-02 3 Ford Explorer 00-01 16 Toyota Landcruiser 82-89 4 Ford Explorer 01-05 17 Toyota Landcruiser 90-97 5 Ford Territory SX/SY 04-11 18 Toyota Landcruiser 98-07 6 Jeep Grand Cherokee ZG 96-99 19 Toyota Kluger / Highlander 03-07 7 Jeep Grand Cherokee WG 99-05 20 Toyota Landcruiser Prado 96-03 8 Kia Sorento 03-09 21 Toyota Landcruiser Prado 03-09 9 Land Rover Discovery 91-02 22 Toyota Kluger / Highlander 07-11

10 Mercedes Benz M-Class W163 98-05 23 Toyota Landcruiser 200 Series 07-11 11 Nissan Patrol / Safari 82-87 24 Volvo XC90 03-11 12 Nissan / Ford Patrol / Maverick / Safari 88-97 25 Volkswagen Touareg 03-10 13 Nissan Patrol / Safari 98-11

0.00%

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4.00%

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7.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

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Make and Model

Medium SUV

Crashworthiness

Benchmark




0.00%

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7.00%

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9.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Crashworthiness Rating

Make and Model

Large SUV

Crashworthiness

Benchmark





Figure 4: Crashworthiness Ratings for Commercial Vans (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Daihatsu Handivan 82-90 15 Mercedes Benz Sprinter 98-06 2 Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 16 Mercedes Benz Vito / Viano 04-11 3 Daihatsu Handivan / Cuore 99-03 17 Honda Acty 83-86 4 Ford Falcon Panel Van 82-95 18 Holden / Suzuki Scurry / Carry 82-00 5 Ford Falcon Panel Van 96-99 19 Suzuki Carry 99-05 6 Ford Transit 95-00 20 Toyota Hiace/Liteace 82-86 7 Ford Transit 01-07 21 Toyota Hiace/Liteace 87-89 8 Fiat Ducato 02-07 22 Toyota Hiace/Liteace 90-95 9 Holden Shuttle / WFR Van 82-87 23 Toyota Hiace/Liteace 96-04

10 Hyundai iLoad 08-11 24 Toyota Hiace 05-11 11 Mitsubishi Commercial - Van 94-11 25 Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 88-94 12 Kia Pregio 02-06 26 Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 95-04 13 Mercedes Benz MB100 / MB140 99-04 27 Volkswagen Caddy 05-11 14 Mercedes Benz Vito 99-04

Figure 5: Crashworthiness Ratings for Commercial Utes (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Ford / Nissan Falcon Ute / XFN Ute 82-95 21 Mitsubishi Triton ML / MN 06-11 2 Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 22 Kia Ceres 92-00 3 Ford Falcon Ute AU 00-02 23 Kia K2700 02-08 4 Ford Falcon Ute BA/BF 03-08 24 Ford / Mazda Courier / B-Series / Bounty 98-02 5 Ford Ford F-Series 82-92 25 Ford / Mazda Courier / Bravo / Bounty 03-06 6 Ford F-Series 01-06 26 Ford / Mazda Ranger / BT-50 06-11 7 Holden Commodore Ute VG/VP 90-93 27 Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 8 Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 82-85 28 Nissan Navara 86-91 9 Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 86-88 29 Nissan Navara 92-96

10 Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 89-95 30 Nissan Navara 97-05 11 Holden Rodeo 96-98 31 Nissan Navara 05-11 12 Holden Rodeo 99-02 32 Proton Jumbuck 03-10 13 Holden WB Series 82-85 33 Subaru Brumby 82-92 14 Holden Commodore Ute VR/VS 94-00 34 Suzuki Mighty Boy 85-88 15 Holden Commodore VU Ute 00-02 35 Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 82-85 16 Holden Commodore VY/VZ Ute 02-07 36 Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 86-88 17 Holden Rodeo 03-08 37 Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 89-97 18 Holden Commodore VE Ute 07-11 38 Toyota Hilux 98-02 19 Holden Colorado RC 08-11 39 Toyota Hilux 03-04 20 Mitsubishi Triton MK 96-06 40 Toyota Hilux 05-11

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10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

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Make and Model

Commercial - Vans

Crashworthiness

Benchmark




0.00%

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12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40


Make and Model

Commercial - UtesCrashworthiness

Benchmark





Figure 6: Crashworthiness Ratings for Large cars (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Audi A8 95-03 26 Holden Stateman/Caprice VR/VS 94-98 51 Mercedes Benz E-Class W210 96-02 2 BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 27 Holden / Toyota Commodore VR/VS / Lexcen 93-97 52 Mercedes Benz S-Class W126 82-92 3 BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 28 Holden Commodore VT/VX 97-02 53 Mercedes Benz E-Class W211 02-09 4 BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 29 Holden Statesman/Caprice WH 99-03 54 Nissan Skyline 83-88 5 BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 30 Holden Commodore VY/VZ 02-07 55 Nissan 300ZX / Fairlady Z 90-95 6 BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 31 Holden Monaro 01-05 56 Nissan Maxima 90-94 7 BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 32 Holden Statesman/Caprice WK/WL 03-06 57 Nissan Maxima / Cefiro 95-99 8 BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 33 Holden Commodore VB-VL 82-88 58 Nissan Maxima 00-02 9 Chrysler 300C 06-10 34 Holden Commodore VE 06-11 59 Nissan Maxima 06-09

10 Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 35 Holden Statesman/Caprice WM 06-11 60 Honda Legend 86-95 11 Ford Fairlane Z & LTD F 82-87 36 Hyundai Sonata 89-97 61 Rover 3500 82-87 12 Ford Falcon EA / Falcon EB Series I 88-Mar 92 37 Hyundai Grandeaur / XG 99-00 62 Saab 9-5 98-05 13 Ford Falcon EB Series II / Falcon ED Apr 92-94 38 Mitsubishi Magna TM/TN/TP / Sigma / V3000 85-90 63 Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 82-85

14 Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 88-94 39 Mitsubishi Magna TE/TF/TH/TJ / Verada KE/KF/KH/KJ / Diamante 96-03 64 Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 86-88

15 Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 95-98 40 Mitsubishi Magna TR/TS / Verada KR/KS / V3000 / Diamante 91-96 65 Toyota Cressida / Mark II 89-93

16 Ford Fairlane & LTD AU 99-02 41 Mitsubishi Magna TL/TW / Verada KL/KW 03-05 66 Toyota Supra 82-90 17 Ford Fairlane & LTD BA/BF 03-07 42 Mitsubishi 380 05-08 67 Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 18 Ford Falcon FG 08-11 43 Jaguar XJ6 82-86 68 Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 19 Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 44 Jaguar XJ6 87-94 69 Toyota Avalon 00-05 20 Ford Falcon AU 98-02 45 Jaguar S-Type 99-08 70 Toyota Aurion 06-11 21 Ford Taurus 96-98 46 Kia Optima 01-06 71 Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 22 Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 47 Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 72 Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 23 Holden / Toyota Commodore VN/VP / Lexcen 89-93 48 Mazda 929 / Sentia / Efini MS-9 92-96 73 Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 24 Holden Statesman/Caprice WB 82-85 49 Mercedes Benz E-Class W123 82-85 74 Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 25 Holden Stateman/Caprice VQ 90-93 50 Mercedes Benz E-Class W124 86-94

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14.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

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Make and Model

Large

Crashworthiness

Benchmark





Figure 7: Crashworthiness Ratings for Medium cars (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 28 Hyundai Sonata NF 05-10 55 Nissan 280ZX 82-84 81 Saab 9000 86-97 2 Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 29 Mitsubishi Sigma / Galant / Sapporo / Lambda 82-84 56 Nissan Bluebird 93-97 82 Saab 9-3 03-11 3 Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 30 Mitsubishi Starion 82-87 57 Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 83 Subaru 1800 / Leone / Omega / 4WD Wagon 82-93 4 Audi A4 95-01 31 Mitsubishi Galant 95-96 58 Nissan 350Z / Fairlady 03-09 84 Subaru Liberty / Legacy 89-93 5 Audi TT 99-06 32 Jaguar X-Type 02-10 59 Honda Accord Euro 03-08 85 Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 94-98

6 Audi A4 01-08 33 Kia Credos 98-01 60 Honda Accord 03-07 86 Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 99-03 7 BMW Z3 E36 97-03 34 Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 83-86 61 Honda Accord 82-85 87 Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 03-09 8 BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 35 Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 88-91 62 Honda Accord 86-90 88 Toyota Corona 82-88

9 BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 36 Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella / Cronos 92-97 63 Honda Accord 91-93 89 Toyota Camry 83-86

10 BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 37 Mazda 626 98-02 64 Honda Accord 94-98 90 Holden / Toyota Apollo JK/JL / Camry / Vista 88-92

11 BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 38 Mazda RX7 82-85 65 Honda Accord 99-02 91 Holden / Toyota Apollo JM/JP / Camry / Sceptor 93-97

12 Chrysler PT Cruiser 00-10 39 Mazda RX7 86-91 66 Honda Accord 08-11 92 Toyota Camry 98-02 13 Citroen C5 01-08 40 Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 67 Honda Accord Euro 08-11 93 Toyota Celica 81-85 14 Daewoo Espero 95-97 41 Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 68 Honda Prelude 82-82 94 Toyota Celica 86-89 15 Daewoo Leganza 97-02 42 Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 69 Honda Prelude 83-91 95 Toyota Celica 90-93 16 Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 43 Mazda RX-8 03-11 70 Honda Prelude 92-96 96 Toyota Celica 94-99 17 Ford Mondeo 95-01 44 Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 71 Honda Prelude 97-02 97 Toyota Celica 00-05 18 Ford Mondeo 07-11 45 Mercedes Benz C-Class W201 87-93 72 Peugeot 407 04-11 98 Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 19 Ford Probe 94-98 46 Mercedes Benz C-Class W202 95-00 73 Peugeot 405 89-97 99 Toyota Camry 02-06 20 Ford Cougar 99-03 47 Mercedes Benz CLK C208 97-03 74 Peugeot 505 82-93 100 Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 21 Holden Calibra 94-97 48 Mercedes Benz SLK R170 97-04 75 Peugeot 406 96-04 101 Toyota Camry 06-11 22 Holden Camira 82-89 49 Mercedes Benz C-Class W203 00-07 76 Porsche 944 82-91 102 Volvo 200 Series 82-93 23 Holden Vectra 97-03 50 Mercedes Benz CLK C209 03-09 77 Renault Feugo 82-87 103 Volvo S60 01-09 24 Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 51 Mercedes Benz C-Class W204 07-11 78 Rover 75 01-05 104 Volvo S40/V50 04-11 25 Hyundai Sonata 98-01 52 Nissan Pintara 86-88 79 Saab 900 Series 82-92 105 Volkswagen Passat 98-06 26 Hyundai Sonata EF 02-05 53 Nissan / Ford Pintara / Corsair / Bluebird 89-92 80 Saab 900/9-3 94-02 106 Volkswagen Passat 06-11 27 Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 54 Nissan Bluebird 82-86

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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103 105

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MediumCrashworthiness

Benchmark





Figure 8: Crashworthiness Ratings for Small cars (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 34 Holden Cruze JG / JH 09-11 67 Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 99 Proton Gen 2 04-11 2 Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 35 Hyundai Excel 86-90 68 Mercedes Benz A-Class W168 98-04 100 Renault Megane II 03-10 3 Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 36 Hyundai Excel 90-94 69 Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Langley 84-86 101 Renault 19 91-96 4 Alfa Romeo Sprint 82-88 37 Hyundai Excel / Accent 95-00 70 Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 88-90 102 Renault Scenic 01-04 5 Alfa Romeo Alfasud 82-84 38 Hyundai Elantra 00-06 71 Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 92-95 103 Rover Quintet 82-86 6 Audi A3 04-09 39 Hyundai Accent 06-09 72 Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 96-99 104 MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 7 Audi A3/S3 97-04 40 Hyundai i30 07-11 73 Nissan Stanza 82-83 105 Subaru Impreza 93-00 8 Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 41 Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 74 Nissan Gazelle / Silvia 84-86 106 Subaru Impreza 01-07

9 BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 42 Hyundai Lantra 91-95 75 Nissan Exa 83-86 107 Subaru Impreza 07-11

10 Chrysler Neon 96-99 43 Hyundai Lantra 96-00 76 Nissan Exa 87-91 108 Suzuki Baleno / Cultus Crescent 95-02 11 Chrysler Neon 00-02 44 Hyundai Coupe 96-00 77 Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 109 Suzuki Liana 01-07 12 Citroen BX 86-94 45 Hyundai Accent 00-06 78 Nissan Pulsar / Bluebird Sylphy 00-05 110 Toyota Corolla 82-84 13 Citroen C4 05-10 46 Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CA 89-90 79 Nissan Tiida 06-11 111 Toyota Corolla 86-88 14 Citroen Xsara 00-05 47 Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CB 91-92 80 Honda Civic 82-83 112 Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 89-93 15 Daihatsu Applause 89-99 48 Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CC 93-95 81 Honda Civic / Ballade / Shuttle 84-87 113 Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 94-97 16 Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 49 Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CE 96-03 82 Honda Civic / Shuttle 88-91 114 Toyota Corolla / Allex 98-01 17 Daewoo Cielo 95-97 50 Mitsubishi Cordia 83-87 83 Honda Civic 92-95 115 Toyota Corolla 02-07 18 Daewoo Nubira 97-03 51 Mitsubishi Lancer CE / CG / Cedia 02-03 84 Honda Civic 96-00 116 Toyota Corolla 07-11 19 Daewoo Lanos 97-03 52 Mitsubishi Lancer CH 03-07 85 Honda CRX 87-91 117 Toyota Tercel 83-88 20 Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 53 Mitsubishi Lancer CJ 08-11 86 Honda CRX 92-98 118 Toyota MR2 87-90 21 Ford Laser 91-94 54 Kia Rio 00-05 87 Honda S2000 99-09 119 Toyota MR2 91-00 22 Ford Laser 95-97 55 Kia Spectra 01-04 88 Honda Civic 01-05 120 Toyota Paseo / Cynos 91-99 23 Ford Capri 89-94 56 Kia Cerato LD 04-08 89 Honda Civic 06-11 121 Toyota MR2 00-05 24 Ford Focus LR 02-05 57 Kia Rio JB 05-11 90 Honda Integra 86-88 122 Toyota Corolla 4WD Wagon 92-96 25 Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 58 Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 / Familia 82-88 91 Honda Integra 90-92 123 Toyota Prius II 03-09 26 Ford Focus LV 09-11 59 Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 90-93 92 Honda Integra 93-01 124 Volvo 300 Series 84-88 27 Fiat Regata 84-88 60 Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 95-98 93 Honda Integra 02-06 125 Volvo S40/V40 97-04 28 Holden Gemini 82-84 61 Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 94 Honda Concerto 89-93 126 Volkswagen Golf 82-94 29 Holden Gemini RB 86-87 62 Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 89-97 95 Peugeot 308 08-11 127 Volkswagen Golf 95-98 30 Holden Astra TR 96-98 63 Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 98-05 96 Peugeot 306 94-01 128 Volkswagen Golf / Bora 99-04 31 Holden Astra TS 98-06 64 Mazda Eunos 30X / Presso / MX-3 / Autozam AZ-3 90-97 97 Peugeot 307 01-09 129 Volkswagen New Beetle 00-11 32 Holden Astra AH 04-09 65 Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 98 Proton Wira 95-96 130 Volkswagen Golf / Jetta 04-11 33 Holden Viva JF 05-09 66 Mazda MX-5 05-11

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SmallCrashworthiness

Benchmark





Figure 9: Crashworthiness Ratings for Light cars (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Citroen C3 02-10 18 Holden Barina TK 05-11 34 Peugeot 206 99-07 2 Daihatsu Charade 82-86 19 Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 35 Proton Satria 97-05 3 Daihatsu Charade 88-92 20 Mitsubishi Mirage / Colt 82-88 36 Renault Clio 01-08 4 Daihatsu Charade 93-00 21 Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 37 Subaru Sherpa / Fiori / 700 / Rex 89-92 5 Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 22 Ford / Mazda Festiva WA / 121 87-90 38 Suzuki Swift 82-85 6 Daihatsu Move 97-99 23 Mazda 121 / Autozam Review 94-96 39 Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 86-88 7 Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 98-04 24 Mazda 121 Metro / Demio 97-02 40 Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 89-99 8 Daihatsu Charade 03-05 25 Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 41 Suzuki Hatch / Alto 82-84 9 Daihatsu Mira 90-96 26 Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 42 Suzuki Alto 85-00

10 Daewoo Matiz 99-04 27 Nissan Micra 95-97 43 Suzuki Ignis 00-02 11 Daewoo Kalos 03-04 28 Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 44 Suzuki Swift 05-10 12 Ford Festiva WD/WH/WF 94-01 29 Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 45 Toyota Starlet 96-99 13 Ford Ka 99-02 30 Honda City 83-86 46 Toyota Echo 99-05 14 Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 31 Honda City 09-11 47 Toyota Yaris / Vitz 05-11 15 Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 32 Peugeot 205 87-94 48 Volkswagen Polo 96-00 16 Holden Barina XC / Combo 01-11 33 Peugeot 207 07-11 49 Volkswagen Polo 02-10 17 Holden Barina SB 95-00

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Light

Crashworthiness

Benchmark





Figure 10: Crashworthiness Ratings for People Movers (with 90% confidence limits)

1 Chrysler Voyager 97-01 13 Mazda MPV 00-06 2 Holden Zafira TT 01-05 14 Nissan Prairie 84-86 3 Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot / Spacewagon 85-91 15 Nissan Serena 92-95 4 Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot 92-98 16 Honda Odyssey 95-00 5 Mitsubishi Nimbus 99-03 17 Honda Odyssey 00-02 6 Mitsubishi Starwagon / L300 83-86 18 Honda Odyssey 04-09 7 Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Starwagon 87-93 19 Toyota Tarago 83-89 8 Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Spacegear 95-03 20 Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 91-99 9 Kia Carens 00-02 21 Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 00-06

10 Kia Carnival 99-06 22 Toyota Spacia 93-00 11 Kia Carnival 06-11 23 Toyota Avensis Verso 01-10 12 Mazda MPV 94-99 24 Toyota Tarago 06-11

5.2 Aggressivity

5.2.1 Aggressivity towards Other Car Drivers and Unprotected Road Users

Using the methods described in Section 4.2, logistic regression models of the injury risk and injury

severity of the focus road user were built separately as functions of both vehicle model and market

group of the focus vehicle colliding with the other road user whose injury outcome is being

modelled. Variations in the other factors listed in Section 4.2, including other road user type, were

adjusted in the model by including them as predictors in the logistic regression models along with

the focus vehicle model or market group. The aggressivity injury risk measure is based only on the

injury outcome to drivers of other vehicles.

The logistic regression models of aggressivity injury risk showed the following non-vehicle factors

and their interactions to be statistically significant predictors of injury risk (factors age and sex refer

to focus driver whose injury outcome is being modelled). The average aggressivity injury risk in the

data was 16.22%.

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Crashworthiness

Benchmark





Base effect terms First order interactions Second order interaction

Sex Sex*Year Speedzone*State*Year

Speedzone Age*Speedzone Sex*Speedzone*State

Age Age*Sex Age*Speedzone*State

State Age*Year Sex*State*Year

Year Speedzone*Year Age*State*Year

Speedzone*State Age*Sex*State

Age*State

State*Year

Sex*State

Sex*Speedzone

The logistic regression models of aggressivity injury severity users showed the following non-

vehicle factors and their interactions to be statistically significant predictors of injury severity.

These factors were included in the logistic model (factors age and sex refer to the age and sex of the

other driver or unprotected road user). The average aggressivity injury severity in the data was

23.39%.

Base effect terms First order interactions Second order interaction

Sex Sex*State Speedzone*State*Crashtype

Speedzone Sex*Crashtype Speedzone*State*Year

Age Age*Sex Age*State*Crashtype

State Age*Crashtype Sex*Year*Crashtype

Year Year*Crashtype

Crashtype Speedzone*State

Age*State

State*Crashtype

State*Year

Speedzone*Year

Speedzone*Crashtype

Sex*Year

Final estimates of vehicle aggressivity towards other road users were obtained by multiplying the

estimated injury risk and injury severity components for each vehicle. Confidence limits on each of

the estimated aggressivity ratings were calculated. The average aggressivity rating in the data, used

for comparisons against aggressivity of individual vehicle models was 3.92%.

Aggressivity ratings were obtained for 478 different vehicle models that satisfied the inclusion

criteria for analysis. The estimated aggressivity ratings and their injury risk and injury severity

components for individual vehicle models are given in Appendix 5 along with (95% confidence

limits on the estimated aggressivity ratings.

Table 4 summarises the estimated injury risk, injury severity and aggressivity ratings by the 10

broad market groups along with the estimated 95% confidence limits on the aggressivity ratings.

The estimated aggressivity rating is the expected number of road users killed or seriously injured

per 100 involved in two-car tow-away collisions where their vehicle impacts with one of the

designated models or market groups. Table 4 shows large sports utility vehicles to be the most

aggressive towards drivers of other vehicles, with an average of 5.41 unprotected road users or

drivers being killed or seriously injured for every 100 tow-away crashes with a large sports utility

vehicle. Similarly, Table 4 shows light cars to be the least aggressive towards unprotected road

users or drivers of other vehicles, with an average aggressivity rating of 2.58.


Table 4: Estimated Vehicle Aggressivity towards Other Drivers and Unprotected Road Users

by Market Grouping Market Group Other

Driver

Injury

Risk

(%)

Other

Driver

Injury

Severity

(%)

Aggressivity

Rating *

Overall

rank

order

Lower 95%

Confidence

limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

limit

Width of

Confidence

interval

Overall Average 16.22 23.39 3.79

SMALL SUV 15.70 22.66 3.56 4 3.30 3.84 0.54

MEDIUM SUV 17.04 23.77 4.05 6 3.87 4.24 0.37

LARGE SUV 20.07 26.96 5.41 10 5.22 5.61 0.39

COMMERCIAL - UTE 17.95 25.24 4.53 8 4.40 4.66 0.26

COMMERCIAL - VAN 19.95 24.95 4.98 9 4.74 5.22 0.48

LARGE 16.41 22.97 3.77 5 3.69 3.85 0.16

MEDIUM 15.14 22.24 3.37 3 3.29 3.45 0.16

PEOPLE MOVER 17.71 23.94 4.24 7 4.01 4.48 0.47

SMALL 13.43 21.41 2.87 2 2.81 2.94 0.13

LIGHT 12.33 20.90 2.58 1 2.49 2.67 0.18

* Serious injury rate per 100 drivers of other vehicles and unprotected road users involved in collisions with vehicles from the given

market group

Appendix 5 shows the estimated aggressivity ratings towards drivers of other vehicles and

unprotected road users for the 478 individual vehicle models rated. Ratings ranged from a minimum

of 1.39 serious injuries per 100 crashes for the 1982-1986 Rover Quintet to a maximum of 9.43

serious injuries per 100 crashes for the 2001-2007 Hyundai Terracan.


As for the crashworthiness rating, a rating presentation was used which classifies vehicles according

to where their aggressivity rating lies in relation to a best performance benchmark. The benchmark

rating in this update was defined as the rating above which 11% of the rating point estimates were

better (see Section 5.4). The point against which ratings for individual vehicles are compared is

arbitrary, whether it is the average used in previous updates or the benchmark rating described

above or some other point.

Classification categories are defined by distances away from this benchmark. The five categories

were defined as follows.








confidence limit on the rating lies. Using only the lower confidence limit defines a true one-sided

statistical test which is equal for each rating. Aggressivity ratings are shown by presentation

category in Appendix 7.

5.2.3 Relationship between Aggressivity and Crashworthiness

In assessing the British vehicle safety indices, Broughton (1996) found a strong inverse relationship

between the indices for crashworthiness and aggressivity. Figure 11 shows the aggressivity measure

plotted against crashworthiness for those vehicle models with both ratings. As Figure 11 shows, the

inverse relationship between the two measures is not particularly strong. The dotted lines in Figure


11 represent the average aggressivity and crashworthiness of the vehicles assessed. Points in the

lower left quadrant defined by the dotted lines represent vehicles with relatively low aggressivity as

well as good (low) estimated crashworthiness. This area is populated by a number of small and

medium vehicle models as well as some small SUVs. In contrast, vehicle models in the upper right

quadrant of Figure 11 defined by the dotted lines show relatively poor crashworthiness and high

aggressivity. There are a number of commercial vans and utilities in this quadrant along with some

small vehicle models, people movers and small SUVs. The remaining two quadrants are populated

with vehicles that only perform well on either crashworthiness or aggressivity measures. Light cars

tend to have low aggressivity but also poor crashworthiness whilst large and medium SUVs tend to

exhibit converse traits.

Absence of a strong relationship between the measures of aggressivity and crashworthiness

confirms that the two quantities considered here are measuring two different aspects of a vehicle’s

safety performance. Whilst one would expect some relationship between the two measures given

their common but opposite relationships with mass (Broughton, 1996; Cameron et al 1998), the lack

of a strong relationship suggests vehicle mass is only playing a small part in aggressivity rating

relative to vehicle total safety design. The independence of these two measures does not seem to

have been achieved to the same degree under other systems (Broughton, 1996).

Figure 11: Estimated Vehicle Aggressivity towards Other Drivers and Unprotected Road Users

vs. Crashworthiness Rating

5.3 Vehicle Total Secondary Safety Rating

5.3.1 Injury Risk

Total secondary safety injury risk was estimated from the data on road users involved in tow-away

crashes in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia during 1987-2011

(as described in Section 2). This data set is referred to as the "involved road users". Because of

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

10.00%

0.00% 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 10.00% 12.00%

Ag

gre

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ivit

y R

ati

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SUV - Small SUV - Medium SUV - Large Commercial - Van Commercial - Ute

Large Medium People Mover Light Small


missing values in one or more of the covariates road user sex and age, speed zone and number of

vehicles involved in the crash amongst the involved road users and vehicle models of interest, the

final file used for analysis consisted of the 3,449,797 road users for which all the covariate data was

complete. Of these road users 600,045 were injured. The "covariate" model for injury risk was

determined from the variables described in Section 4.3.

The following terms were significantly associated with injury risk and were included in the logistic

model:

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions

Third order

interactions Sex Speedzone*Crashtyp Speedzone*State*Crashtyp Sex*State*Year*Crashtyp

Speedzone Sex*Age Age*State*Crashtyp Speedzone*State*Year*Crashtyp

Age State*Year Sex*State*Year Age*Speedzone*State*Crashtyp

State Sex*Speedzone Sex*State*Crashtyp Age*Sex*Speedzone *Crashtyp

Year (of crash) Age*State Speedzone*State*Year Sex*Speedzone*State*Crashtyp

Crashtyp Age*Crashtyp Age*Speedzone*State Age*Sex*State*Crashtyp

Speedzone*State Age*Speedzone*Year Age*Sex*State*Year*

Sex*Crashtyp Sex*Speedzone*Crashtyp

State*Crashtyp Sex*Year*Crashtyp

Age*Speedzone State*Year*Crashtyp

Sex*State Age*State*Year

Age*Year Age*Speedzone*Crashtyp

Sex*Year Speedzone*Year*Crashtyp

Speedzone*Year Age*Sex*Crashtyp

Year*Crashtyp Age*Sex* Speedzone

Age*Sex*Year

Age*Sex*State

Sex*Speedzone*State

No other term significantly improved the fit of the logistic model.

The overall (average) injury risk for light vehicle drivers or unprotected road users involved in tow-

away crashes in NSW, Western Australia and Queensland was 17.39 per 100 involved. In other

words, the average probability that a light vehicle driver or unprotected road user was injured in a

tow-away crash involving a light passenger vehicle in NSW, Western Australia or Queensland was

17.39%.

Appendix 6 gives the estimates of total secondary safety injury risk derived by logistic regression

for 590 individual car models. Injury risk ranged from 6.73% for the 1986-1994 Citroen BX to

35.85% for the 1982-1990 Daihatsu Hi Jet.

An estimate of the variability in the injury risk estimates was calculated from the width of the

corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Individual confidence interval widths ranged from 0.57%

for the 1993-1997 Holden Commodore VR/VS and Toyota Lexcen to 20.51% for the 1982-1988

Alfa Romeo Alfetta. The small variability for the Commodore/Toyota VR/VS/Lexcen sedans is not

surprising since there were more cars of these models than any others in the data set and precision is

known to improve with increasing sample size.

The estimated injury risk for each market group is also given in Appendix 6. The large sports utility

market group had the lowest injury risk (15.56%) and the light car market group had the highest

(19.48%).



The data on "injured road users" covered road users of 1982-2011 model vehicles who were injured

in crashes in Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia, Queensland, South Australia or New

Zealand during 1987-2011 (as described in Section 2). Because of missing values in one or more of

the covariates amongst the injured road users, the final file used for analysis consisted of the

772,519 road users for which all the covariate data was complete. Of these road users 176,397 were

seriously injured. The "covariate" model for injury severity was determined from the variables

described in Section 4.3.

The following terms were significantly associated with injury severity and were included in the

logistic model:

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interaction

Third order

interaction

Sex Age*Sex Speedzone*State*Year Age*Speedzone*State*Year

Speedzone Age*Crashtype State*Year*Crashtype

Age Speedzone*State Age*State*Year

State Age*State Speedzone*State*Crashtype

Year State*Year Age*State*Crashtyp

Crashtype Speedzone*Year Sex*State*Crashtyp

Speedzone*Crashtype Age*Speedzone*State

Sex*State Speedzone*Year*Crashtyp

Age*Year Age*Speedzone*Year

Year*Crashtype

State*Crashtype

Sex*Crashtype

Age*Speedzone

No other term significantly improved the fit of the logistic model.

The overall (average) injury severity for injured light vehicle drivers or unprotected road users in

the data analysed was 22.83 per 100 involved. In other words, the probability that a road user

injured in a crash was severely injured was 22.83%. Appendix 6 gives the estimates of injury

severity derived by logistic regression for 590 individual car models, or sets of combined models.

Of the cars analysed, injury severity ranged from 6.59% for the 2001-2003 Renault Megane

Cabriolet to 50.29% for the 1982-1988 Alfa Romeo Alfetta.

An estimate of the variability in the estimates of injury severity was calculated from the width of

the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Individual confidence interval widths ranged from

1.43% for the 1989-1993 Holden Commodore VN/VP and Toyota Lexcen to 44.22% for the 1985-

1998 Alfa Romeo 90.

The estimated injury severity for each market group is also given in Appendix 6. Small cars

performed best with respect to injury severity, having the lowest average injury severity of 22.70%.

The large sports utility vehicle market group had the highest average injury severity of 25.58%.

5.3.3 Total secondary safety index

The total secondary safety index for each car model and market group was obtained by multiplying

the individual injury risk and injury severity estimates. Because each of the two components had

been adjusted for the confounding factors, the resultant total secondary safety index was also

adjusted for the influence of these factors.


Total secondary safety indices were obtained for each individual model and market group after

adjusting for the confounding factors.

Appendix 6 gives the total secondary safety secondary index and the associated 90% confidence

intervals for each of the 590 car models included in the analyses. Each rating is expressed as a

percentage, representing the number of road users killed or admitted to hospital per 100 light

vehicle drivers or unprotected road users involved in a tow-away focus crash. Overall ratings for

the market groups are also given.

Each total secondary safety rating is an estimate of the true risk of a light vehicle driver or

unprotected road user being killed or admitted to hospital in a tow-away crash and, as such, each

estimate has a level of uncertainty about it. This uncertainty is indicated by the confidence limits in

Appendix 6. There is 95% probability that the confidence interval will cover the true risk of serious

injury (death or hospital admission) to the light vehicle driver or unprotected road user involved in a

crash with the particular model of vehicle.

Table 5 gives a summary of the estimated ratings for each of the 10 defined vehicle market groups.

It shows the estimated injury risk and severity components, and the resulting total secondary safety

index with upper and lower 95% confidence limits, and the width of the 95% confidence limit. The

relative ranking of the total secondary safety index on each market group is also given in Table 5

although this should be interpreted with care as there is not necessarily a statistically significant

difference between the average total secondary safety of vehicle market groups with different

rankings. Statistical significance in average total secondary safety between market groups at the 5%

level is only achieved when the 95% confidence limits do not overlap. Similar comments apply to

interpreting results in Appendix 6.

Table 5: Estimated Vehicle Total Secondary Safety by Market Grouping

Market Group Injury

risk

(%)

Injury

severity

(%)

Total

Secondary

Safety Index*

Overall

rank

order

Lower 95%

Confidence

limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

limit

Width of

Confidence

interval

Overall Average 17.39 22.83 3.97 SMALL SUV 18.98 23.04 4.37 8 4.08 4.68 0.60 MEDIUM SUV 15.79 22.86 3.61 1 3.40 3.84 0.44 LARGE SUV 15.56 25.58 3.98 4 3.76 4.21 0.45 COMMERCIAL - UTE 16.52 24.56 4.06 5 3.84 4.29 0.44 COMMERCIAL - VAN 18.48 24.14 4.46 9 4.19 4.74 0.55 LARGE 16.88 23.35 3.94 3 3.74 4.16 0.42 MEDIUM 17.17 22.77 3.91 2 3.70 4.13 0.43 PEOPLE MOVERS 18.07 23.81 4.30 7 4.04 4.59 0.55 SMALL 18.10 22.70 4.11 6 3.89 4.34 0.45 LIGHT 19.48 23.35 4.55 10 4.30 4.81 0.50

Serious injury rate per 100 road users involved

Table 5 shows medium four wheel drives to have the highest total secondary safety with an average

of 3.61 light vehicle drivers or unprotected road users being killed or seriously injured for every 100

tow-away crashes. Similarly, light cars have the lowest total secondary safety with an average total

secondary safety index of 4.55.


As for the crashworthiness and aggressivity ratings, a rating presentation was used for the total

secondary safety index which classifies vehicles according to where their rating lies in relation to a

best performance benchmark. The benchmark rating in this update was defined as the rating above

which 11% of the rating point estimates were better (see Section 5.4). The point against which


ratings for individual vehicles are compared is arbitrary, whether it is the average used in previous

updates or the benchmark rating described above or some other point.

Classification categories are defined by distances away from this benchmark. For the total

secondary safety index the five categories were defined as follows.








confidence limit on the rating lies. Using only the lower confidence limit defines a true one-sided

statistical test which is equal for each rating. Total Secondary Safety ratings by classification

category are shown in Appendix 7.

5.3.5 Comparison of Crashworthiness, Aggressivity and the Total Secondary Safety index

Figure 12 plots vehicle models crashworthiness ratings against their total secondary safety index.

The solid lines on the chart are the average value for each index. Figure 12 shows a strong

relationship exists between crashworthiness and total secondary safety reflecting that

crashworthiness is relevant to injury outcome in all types of crashes involving light vehicles

excluding those with unprotected road users.

Figure 12: Crashworthiness vs. Total Secondary Safety

In contrast, Figure 13 shows a much weaker relationship between aggressivity and total secondary

safety reflecting that aggressivity is only relevant to injury outcome in crashes between 2 light

vehicles and involving unprotected road users.

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00% 11.00% 12.00% 13.00% 14.00% 15.00%

Cra

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ine

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Ra

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g

Total Safety




Figure 13: Aggressivity vs. Total Secondary Safety

Comparison by Market Groups

Tables 3, 4 and 5 show that essentially the rank order of the market groups within the total

secondary safety index are consistent with the rankings within the crashworthiness measure but

with a moderation effect on the total secondary safety index dependent on the aggressivity of the

vehicle. In other words vehicles with high aggressivity display a shift in ranking for total secondary

safety towards higher or worse total secondary safety. For example, large sports utility vehicles

have shifted in their ranking from a 1 in the crashworthiness market group rankings to a ranking of

4 across the market groups for total secondary safety.

5.4 Presentation of Total Secondary Safety Index, Crashworthiness and Aggressivity Ratings for Consumer Information

Discussion in the previous work of Cameron et al (1998) noted the need for simplicity of

presentation and interpretation in providing consumer safety advice through employing methods

that summarised the complex statistical information contained in the ratings into an easily

understood summary. From the ratings of Newstead et al (2000), a method of presentation of the

estimated crashworthiness ratings for Australian vehicles was devised that is similar in philosophy

to the presentation method devised by Folksam Insurance for presentation of Swedish ratings. The

method took into account both the rating point estimate and confidence limits, but removed the

emphasis from the point estimate. The same method of presentation was also used for the

aggressivity and total secondary safety ratings.

As a first step in providing clear consumer information, the ratings presented have been filtered to

ensure a minimum level of statistical accuracy and hence a high degree of confidence in the

information presented. For the update of Newstead et al (2010a,b) the total secondary safety,

crashworthiness and aggressivity ratings presented for consumer information the presentation

criteria were tightened further to ensure even greater accuracy. Ratings presented in the consumer

information derived in this report excluded those models where:

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

10.00%

0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00%

Ag

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Total Safety




the vehicle was manufactured prior to 1996 (compliance with the frontal impact standard

ADR69 was mandated for most cars sold from 1996) for the brochure presentation –

webbased presentation included all vehicles rated and manufactured from 1982 onwards, or

the width of the 90% two-sided confidence interval was greater than 2.00%, or

the ratio of the confidence interval width to the rating score (coefficient of variation)

exceeded 1.6.

The presentation criteria used for the 2010 and 2011 updates were used for the most recent update

of Newstead et al (2012a, b) and the current update.

For the update of Newstead et al (2009a, b), a new rating presentation classified vehicles according

to where their rating lay in relation to a ‘best current performance’ benchmark. The benchmark was

set by choosing a percentile of the best (lowest) rating vehicles in the sample. The choice of

percentile is arbitrary but should ideally be less than 15% - i.e. 15% of vehicles have a point

estimate rating better than that value. The benchmark rating used in deriving the consumer

presentation for the most recent update of Newstead et al (2012a,b) was defined as the value below

which 8% of the rated vehicles’ rating point estimates lay (noting that a numerical lower rating

indicates better safety performance). For this update it was defined as the value below which 11%

of the rated vehicles’ rating point estimates lay (again noting that a numerical lower rating indicates

better safety performance). Classification categories were then defined by distance bands in which

the lower confidence limit on each individual vehicle rating lie away from this benchmark. For both

the crashworthiness and aggressivity ratings in the update of Newstead et al (2011a, b) and for all of

the ratings in the update of Newstead et al (2012a, b) and in this update for the crashworthiness

ratings the five categories were defined as follows:






The separation gradients between categories are arbitrary but aimed to spread the vehicles relatively

equally across the performance categories. Vehicles are classified into each category according to

the band in which the lower confidence limit on the rating lies. Using only the lower confidence

limit defines a true one-sided statistical test which is applied equally for each vehicle’s rating.

The five categories used in the update of Newstead et al (2011a, b) for the total secondary safety

index and in this update for both the aggressivity ratings and the total secondary safety index were

defined as follows:






Presentation of the estimated crashworthiness ratings in this way is shown in Appendix 7. The

benchmark crashworthiness rating above which 11% of the crashworthiness rating estimates were

better is 2.19%. Colour coding of the categories has been used with green depicting that the rating is

equivalent to the benchmark, blue depicting that the rating is worse than the benchmark through


yellow and orange to red depicting at least 30%, 60% and 90% worse than the benchmark

respectively.

A single column at the right of the table in Appendix 7 summarises the aggressivity rating category

for each vehicle. The benchmark aggressivity rating above which 11% of the aggressivity rating

estimates were better is 2.69%. In a manner similar to the classification of crashworthiness ratings,

the estimated aggressivity ratings have been classified into five categories with each represented by

a symbol in the final column of the table. These are:

xx: At least 60% worse than the benchmark.

x: At least 40% worse than the benchmark.

o: At least 20% worse than the benchmark.

+: Worse than the benchmark.

++: Equal to the benchmark.

Presentation of the estimated total secondary safety index rating category in a similar way is also

shown in Appendix 7 in a single column at the right of the table. The benchmark total secondary

safety index above which 11% of the total secondary safety rating estimates were better is 2.77%.

This presentation style has the advantage that it combines information about both the rating point

estimate and confidence limit to classify the safety performance of the vehicle. Like the previous

presentation format, this method of presentation takes the potential emphasis of the consumer off

comparison of only the point estimate ratings, an emphasis that can be potentially misleading from

the point of view of statistical confidence. Rather, the presentation method categorises vehicles

according to the statistical significance of the difference of their estimated safety rating from

defined points. Colour coding of the categories would typically be used with green depicting the

safest category through blue, yellow and orange to red depicting the least safe category. 90% two-

sided confidence limits have been used to categorise the crashworthiness ratings in Appendix 7.

These are equivalent to a 95% one-sided confidence limit for the directional hypothesis testing how

much greater than a defined point the ratings is, as employed in the new rating presentation.

In the most recent update of Newstead et al (2012a) an additional column in the table in Appendix 7

provided suggested “best pick” vehicles by market group where the vehicle has a crashworthiness

rating equal to the benchmark and a total safety index rating also equal to the benchmark. In this

update three additional columns in the table in Appendix 7 provided the “best pick” from the most

recent update of Newstead et al (2012a), indicated by the column headed old and a new ‘best pick’,

based on the current update, headed new. The third column provided a further qualification on the

new “best pick” by designating whether electronic stability control (ESC) was fitted.

Some vehicle models in Appendix 7 have no symbol in the aggressivity rating or total secondary

safety index rating column. These vehicles have been involved in an insufficient number of crashes

to have an aggressivity or total secondary safety rating estimated for them.

5.5 Crashworthiness by Year of Manufacture of the Australian Vehicle Fleet

5.5.1 Injury Risk

Injury risk was estimated from the data on drivers involved in tow-away crashes in New South

Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland during 1987 to 2011. This data set is

referred to as the "involved drivers". Because of missing values of some of the factors to be

included in the logistic regression, and the exclusion of pre-1964 vehicles and unknown years,

analysis was performed on data relating to 3,501,912 involved drivers, 624,640 of whom were


injured. The following non-vehicle factors and their interactions were statistically significantly

associated with injury risk and were included in the logistic regression model.

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions


Sex Sex*Speedzone Sex*Speedzone*Nveh Age*Speedzone*Nveh*State

Nveh Speedzone*Nveh Sex*State*Year Speedzone*Nveh*State*Year

Speedzone Sex*Nveh Age*Speedzone*Nveh Age*Sex*Nveh*State

Age Speedzone*Age Age*Sex*Speedzone Sex*Speedzone*Nveh*State

State Age*Sex Age*Nveh*State Age*Sex*State*Year

Year (of crash) Year*State Nveh*State*Year Age*Nveh*State*Year

Age*Nveh Speedzone*Nveh*State Age*Sex*Speedzone*State

Nveh*State Speedzone*State*Year

Nveh*Year Age*State*Year

Age*State Speedzone*Nveh*Year

Age*Year Age*Sex*State

Speedzone*State Sex*Speedzone*State

Sex*Year Age*Speedzone*State

Speedzone*Year Age*Sex*Nveh

Sex*State Age*Nveh*Year

Sex*Nveh*Year

Sex*Nveh*State

Age*Sex*Year

Age*Speedzone*Year

The overall (average) injury risk for involved drivers in tow-away crashes in NSW, Western

Australia and Queensland was 17.84%. Appendix 7 gives the estimates of injury risk derived by

logistic regression for the individual years of manufacture. The variability in the injury risk

estimates relative to the year of manufacture can be seen from the width of the corresponding 95%

confidence intervals.


The data on "injured drivers" covered drivers who were injured in crashes in Victoria or New South

Wales during 1987-2011 or South Australia during 1995-2011 or Queensland during 1991-2010 and

Western Australia during 1991-2011. Because of missing values of some of the associated crash

factors and the exclusion of pre-1964 vehicles and unknown years, logistic regression was

performed on data relating to 651,400 injured drivers, 155,822 of whom were severely injured

(killed or admitted to hospital). The analysis identified a number of statistically significant non-

vehicle factor and their interactions associated with injury severity. These were:

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions


Sex Sex*Speedzone Speedzone*Nveh*Year Speedzone*Nveh*State*Year

Nveh Speedzone*Nveh Age*Speedzone*Nveh Age*Nveh*State*Year

Speedzone Speedzone*State Age*Sex*Year

Age Speedzone*Age Age*State*Year

State Age*Sex Speedzone*Nveh*State

Year (of crash) Year*State Speedzone*State*Year

Age*Nveh Sex*State*Year

Nveh*State Nveh*State*Year

Speedzone*Year Sex*Nveh*State

Age*State Age*Sex*Nveh


Age*Year Age*Speedzone*State

Sex*State Sex*Speedzone*Nveh

Sex*Year Age*Nveh*Year

Nveh*Year Age*Nveh*State

Sex*Nveh Age*Sex*State

The overall (average) injury severity for injured drivers was 23.92%. Appendix 7 gives the

estimates of injury severity derived by logistic regression for the individual years of manufacture.

The variability in the estimates of injury severity relative to year of manufacture can be seen from

the width of the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

5.5.3 Crashworthiness by Year of Manufacture

The crashworthiness estimates for each year of manufacture were obtained by multiplying the

individual injury risk and injury severity estimates. Because each of the two components has been

adjusted for the confounding factors, the resultant crashworthiness estimate is also adjusted for the

influence of them. Appendix 8 gives the crashworthiness estimates and the associated 95%

confidence intervals for each of the 48 years of manufacture included in the analysis. Each estimate

is expressed as a percentage, representing the number of drivers killed or admitted to hospital per

100 drivers involved in a tow-away crash. 95% confidence limits on the estimates are also given.

The crashworthiness estimates and their confidence limits are plotted for each year of manufacture

in Figure 14. The relatively wide confidence intervals observed on the estimates of crashworthiness

for years of manufacture 1964 to 1969 and 2011 are a reflection of the smaller numbers of crashes

involving vehicles manufactured in these years appearing in the data. Introduction of key safety

related Australian Design Rules as well as consumer information programs likely to have

influenced levels of vehicle safety are also shown on Figure 14. Full details of these initiatives are

given in Newstead et al (2006).

Figure 14: Crashworthiness by year of manufacture (with 95% confidence limits)

The injury risk component of the crashworthiness estimate, together with its 95% confidence limits,

is plotted in Figure 15. In a similar way, the injury severity component is plotted in Figure 16.

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

Cra

sh

wo

rth

iness R

ati

ng

Year of Manufacture

Average =4.3%

AD

R 6

9

NC

AP

CR

AS

HW

OR

TH

INE

SS

RA

TIN

GS

AD

R 2

9

AD

R 4

C

AD

Rs 4

B, 5B

, 22A

AD

R 4

A

AD

Rs 1

0B

, 21

AD

Rs 1

1, 14, 22

AD

Rs

2, 3

, 8

, 1

0A

AD

Rs 4

, 5

A

AD

R 7

2

AD

R 7

3


Figure 15: Injury risk by year of manufacture (with 95% confidence limits)

Figure 16: Injury severity by year of manufacture (with 95% confidence limits)

5.6 Crashworthiness by Year of Manufacture and Market Group for the Australian Vehicle Fleet

Using the methods of Newstead and Cameron (2001), trends in vehicle crashworthiness by year of

manufacture have been estimated separately for each of the 10 defined vehicle market groups.

Because vehicle model information was required to assign a market grouping, analysis of trends by

year of manufacture within market group could only be carried out for vehicles manufactured from

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Inju

ry R

isk

Year of Manufacture

Average = 17.8%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

Inju

ry S

everi

ty

Year of Manufacture

Average = 23.9%


1982 to 2011. In contrast to estimation of crashworthiness ratings by vehicle model, there was no

minimum data requirement for a particular model to be included in the analysis. Hence all vehicle

models for which a market group could be assigned were included. However, despite aggregation

over vehicle models, it was not possible to estimate crashworthiness estimates for particular years

of manufacture in certain market groups due to insufficient data quantities.

5.6.1 Injury Risk

Injury risk was estimated from the data on 2,300,990 drivers of 1982 to 2011 vehicles with

identified model, market group and covariate details involved in tow-away crashes in New South

Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland during 1987 to 2011. The following

non-vehicle factors and their interactions were statistically significantly associated with injury risk

and were included in the logistic regression model.

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions


Sex Speedzone*Nveh Age*Speedzone*Nveh Speedzone*State*Year*Nveh

Speedzone Sex*Nveh Sex*Speedzone*Nveh Sex*Speedzone*State*Nveh

Age Sex*Age Speedzone*Year*Nveh Age*Speedzone*State*Nveh

Nveh Age*Nveh Sex*State*Nveh

State Speedzone*Age Speedzone*Nveh*State

Year State*Year State*Year*Nveh

Nveh*State Age*State*Nveh

Year*Nveh Age*Speedzone*State

Age*State Speedzone*State*Year

Age*Year Sex*State*Year

Speedzone*Year Sex*Speedzone*State

Speedzone*State Age*State*Year

Sex*Speedzone Age*Speedzone*Year

Sex*State Sex*Year*Nveh

Sex*Year Age*Sex*Speedzone

Age*Sex*State

Figure 17 shows the estimates of injury risk by year of vehicle manufacture for each of the 10

market groups considered. Estimates have been smoothed using a linear smoothing function over a

window of three years (the central year and a year either side). Smoothing of the estimates was

carried out to better identify the trends in the data. Smoothing in this way also compensates for

known error in the recording of the year of vehicle manufacture, an error typically up to one year

from the true date of manufacture.


Figure 17: Estimated injury risk by year of vehicle manufacture and market group


The data for computation of injury severity covered 381,677 drivers of 1982-2011 vehicles with

identified model, market group and covariate details who were injured in crashes in Victoria or New

South Wales during 1987-2011, South Australia during 1995-2011 or Queensland or Western

Australia during 1991-2011. The following non-vehicle factors and their interactions were

significantly associated with injury severity:

Base effect

terms

First order

interactions

Second order

interactions


Sex Sex*State Speedzone*Nveh*State Speedzone*State*Year*Nveh

Speedzone Speedzone*Nveh Speedzone*State*Year

Age Age*Sex Age*State*Nveh

Nveh Nveh*State Age*State*Year

State Speedzone*Age State*Year*Nveh

Year Age*State Speedzone*Year*Nveh

Age*Nveh Age*Speedzone*State

State*Year Sex*State*Nveh

Speedzone*Year Age*Sex*State

Age*Year Age *Sex*Nveh

Year*Nveh

Speedzone*State

Speedzone*Sex

Figure 18 shows the estimates of injury severity by year of vehicle manufacture for each of the 10

market groups considered. Estimates have again been smoothed to better identify the trends in the

data.

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Inju

ry R

isk

Year of Manufacture

Sports Utility Vehicle Small Sports Utility Vehicle Medium Sports Utility Vehicle Large Commercial-Ute Commercial-Van

Large Medium People Mover Small Light


Figure 18: Estimated injury severity by year of vehicle manufacture and market group

5.6.3 Crashworthiness by Year of Manufacture and Market Group

The crashworthiness estimates for each year of manufacture were obtained by multiplying the

individual injury risk and injury severity estimates. Appendix 9 gives the crashworthiness estimates

and the associated 95% confidence intervals for each of the years of manufacture from 1982 to 2011

by each of the 10 vehicle market groups considered. Each estimate is expressed as a percentage,

representing the number of drivers killed or admitted to hospital per 100 drivers involved in a tow-

away crash. The crashworthiness estimates are plotted for each year of manufacture and vehicle

market group in Figure 19. Again, the values in Figure 19 have been smoothed for reasons given

above.

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Inju

ry S

ev

eri

ty

Year of Manufacture

Sports Utility Vehicle Small Sports Utility Vehicle Medium Sports Utility Vehicle Large Commercial-Ute Commercial-Van

Large Medium People Mover Small Light


Figure 19: Estimated crashworthiness by year of vehicle manufacture and market group

Figure 19 clearly shows differential performance in crashworthiness between vehicle market

groups, reflecting the same differences seen in average crashworthiness by market groups found in

the make and model specific ratings presented above (see Appendix 4). It is, however, difficult from

Figure 19 to gauge differential improvements in crashworthiness over time. This is due to the

complexity of the figure with 10 market groups as well as the relatively high variance in some of

the year to year estimates despite smoothing. To try and better measure differential time based

safety improvements by market group, Figure 20 presents average crashworthiness by five year

time blocks of manufacture for the periods 1982-1986, 1987-1991, 1992-1996, 1997-2001, 2002-

2006 and 2007-2011. In addition, estimates have been scaled to be relative to the first time block

(1982-1986) for each market group. Whilst Figure 20 no longer reflects average differences in

crashworthiness between market groups, it more clearly demonstrates differential performance

between market groups in improving crashworthiness over time.

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

10.00%

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Cra

sh

wo

rth

iness R

ati

ng

Year of Manufacture

Sports Utility Vehicle Small Sports Utility Vehicle Medium Sports Utility Vehicle Large Commercial-Ute

Commercial-Van Large Medium People Mover

Small Light


Figure 20: Average crashworthiness by year of manufacture and market group by year range

relative to the 1982-1986 average

Figure 20 shows that certain vehicle market groups have experienced greater relative improvements

in crashworthiness over the study period than others. The small sports utility vehicle, medium sports

utility vehicle and people mover market groups have shown the greatest improvement in

crashworthiness over the study period of between 68 and 74 percent. The large sports utility vehicle

and large and medium market groups had the next greatest improvement in crashworthiness of

between 58 and 60 percent. The commercial van and ute market groups had the next greatest

improvement in crashworthiness of between 54 and 55 percent. The small and light car market

groups have shown the most modest gains over the study period of between 46 and 50 percent.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1982-1986 1987-1991 1992-1996 1997-2001 2002-2006 2007-2011

Sports Utility Vehicle Small Sports Utility Vehicle Large Sports Utility Vehicle Medium

Commercial-Ute Commercial-Van Large

Medium People Mover Small

Light


7. CONCLUSIONS

Crashworthiness ratings estimate the risk of a driver being killed or seriously injured when involved

in a tow-away crash, to a degree of accuracy represented by the confidence limits of the rating in

each case. Additional crash data has enabled the crashworthiness ratings to be obtained for a larger

range of car models than in previous studies with the ratings now covering 533 different models of

passenger cars, four wheel drive vehicles, passenger vans and light commercial vehicles

manufactured from 1982-2011 classified into one of 10 market groups. The new data set has been

able to produce more up-to-date and reliable estimates of the crashworthiness of individual car

models than those published previously.

Vehicle aggressivity ratings were also updated. The aggressivity measure considers the injury

outcome to both drivers of other vehicles and unprotected road users including pedestrians,

bicyclists and motorcyclists. The aggressivity rating measured the risk of death or serious injury a

vehicle poses to drivers of other cars or unprotected road users with which it impacts in a crash. The

mix of other drivers and unprotected road users on which the rating for each vehicle was based was

standardised along with various other non-vehicle related factors using logistic regression

techniques. The aggressivity measure was calculated for 478 models of Australian and New

Zealand passenger vehicles (passenger cars, four wheel drive vehicles, passenger vans and light

commercial vehicles) manufactured between the years 1982-2011. The degree of accuracy of the

aggressivity ratings is represented by the confidence limits of the rating in each case. Estimated

vehicle aggressivity towards drivers of other vehicles or unprotected road users was found to have

little or no relationship with ratings of vehicle crashworthiness, demonstrating the independence of

the two complementary measures. For this update, 473 or 89% of the vehicle models rated for

crashworthiness were also able to be rated for aggressivity.

The total secondary safety index summarises the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity of a

vehicle in a way that best reflects the relative importance of each component in real world crash

circumstances. Applied to the available police reported crash data it was possible to estimate

statistically reliable ratings for 590 distinct makes and models of vehicles. Comparison of the total

secondary safety index with the crashworthiness and aggressivity estimates shows the total vehicle

secondary safety index is much more strongly associated with the crashworthiness measure than the

aggressivity measure. This is as expected given that a vehicle’s crashworthiness performance is

relevant in a wider range of crash types than is its aggressivity.

For vehicle regulators and safety advocates, the total secondary safety index possibly represents the

most relevant measure of vehicle secondary safety performance as it encapsulates the total

performance of the vehicle in preventing serious injury outcome for all road users. However, the

crashworthiness and aggressivity components are still important separately to identify those

characteristics of a vehicle leading to good performance in each dimension. Consumers are likely to

be most interested in the crashworthiness of a vehicle as it has the most direct relevance for them.

However, introducing a new presentation style identifying best pick vehicles, including those with

electronic stability control, that have excellent crashworthiness as well as total safety will help to

continue to focus consumers on the need for the vehicles they choose to protect other road users

with which they collide.

The crashworthiness of passenger vehicles in the Australian vehicle fleet (cars, station wagons, four

wheel drives, vans and taxis), has been estimated by year of vehicle manufacture for the years 1964

to 2011. It shows patterns of improvements in crashworthiness with the greatest gains over the years

1970 to 1979 during which time a number of new Australian Design Rules aimed at occupant

protection took effect. Further significant gains in crashworthiness have also been observed over the

years 1986 to 2009, with notable steady gains from 1985 to 1995 and since 2000. Trends in

crashworthiness by year of vehicle manufacture from 1982 to 2011 for each of the 10 vehicle


market groups were also estimated showing differential improvement in crashworthiness by market

group by year of manufacture.


8. ASSUMPTIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS

The results and conclusions presented in this report are based on a number of assumptions and

warrant a number of qualifications that the reader should note. These are listed in the following

sections.

8.1 Assumptions

It has been assumed that:

TAC claims records and, Victorian, New South Wales, South Australian, Western

Australian, Queensland and New Zealand Police crash report recorded driver injury,

hospitalisation and death with the same degree of accuracy for each vehicle make and

model.

There was no bias in the merging of TAC claims and Victorian Police crash reports related

to the model of car and factors affecting the severity of the crash.

Crashed vehicle registration numbers were recorded accurately on Police crash reports and

that they correctly identified the crashed vehicles in the Victorian, New South Wales, South

Australian, Queensland, Western Australian and New Zealand vehicle registers.

The adjustments for driver sex, age, speed zone, the number of vehicles involved and the

state and year in which the crash occurred removed the influences of the other main factors

available in the data that affected crash severity and injury susceptibility.

The form of the logistic models used to relate injury risk and injury severity with the

available factors influencing these outcomes (including the car model, market group or year

of manufacture) was correct.

Information contained in the Police crash records allowed accurate matching of both

vehicles involved in crashes between two passenger cars and vehicles impacting unprotected

road users for the purpose of calculating aggressivity and total secondary safety ratings.

8.2 Qualifications

The results and conclusions warrant at least the following qualifications:

Only driver crash involvements and injuries have been considered. Passengers occupying

the same model cars may have had different injury outcomes. In 95% of crashes, the driver

of the vehicle is the most seriously injured occupant hence justifying the focus on driver

protection.

Some models with the same name through the 1982-2011 years of manufacture may have

varied substantially in their construction, specification and mass. Although there should be

few such models in these updated results, the rating score calculated for these models

represent an average across the variants aggregated. There may be significant variation in

secondary safety performance across the aggregated models.

Other factors not collected in the data (e.g. crash impact severity) may differ between the

models and may affect the results. However, earlier analysis has suggested that the different

rating scores are predominantly due to vehicle factors alone (Cameron et al 1992b).


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Gustafsson, H., Hagg, A., Krafft, M., Kullgren, A., Malmstedt, B., Nygren, A. & Tingvall, C.

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Hollowell, W.T. & Gabler, H.C. (1996) ‘NHTSA’s Vehicle Aggressivity and Compatibility

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Hosmer, D.W. & Lemeshow, S. (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, Wiley, New York.


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APPENDIX 1

MAKES AND MODELS OF CARS INVOLVED IN VICTORIAN AND NSW CRASHES DURING 1987-2011, SOUTH AUSTRALIA CRASHES DURING 1995-2011,

QUEENSLAND DURING 1991-2010 AND

WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND CRASHES DURING 1991-2011

FREQUENCY FOR EACH MODEL FOR ALL TYPES OF CRASHES (NSW/VIC/SA/QLD/WA/NZ)

Note: Only those models with a Market Group displayed were used in the crashworthiness analysis

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 AL01Z 123 14 137 14 6 20 1 Medium

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 AL02Z 700 115 815 121 30 151 1 Small

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 AL03Z 219 32 251 30 4 34 1 Small

Alfa Romeo 90 85-88 AL04Z 83 11 94 9 5 14 0

Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 AL05Z 165 19 184 14 10 24 1 Small

Alfa Romeo Sprint 82-88 AL06Z 132 24 156 30 6 36 1 Small

Alfa Romeo Alfasud 82-84 AL07Z 114 22 136 18 6 24 1 Small

Alfa Romeo Alfetta 82-88 AL08Z 58 12 70 4 7 11 0

Alfa Romeo Giulietta 82-86 AL09Z 66 8 74 8 2 10 0

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 AL13Z 529 99 628 64 18 82 1 Medium

Alfa Romeo 166 99-08 AL14Z 41 4 45 4 1 5 0

Alfa Romeo GTV / Spider 98-04 AL15Z 153 22 175 7 5 12 0

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 AL16Z 286 53 339 44 8 52 1 Medium

Alfa Romeo 159 / Brera 06-11 AL17Z 52 9 61 12 0 12 0

Alfa Romeo MiTo 09-11 AL18Z 4 2 6 . . . 0

Alfa Romeo Giulietta 11-11 AL19Z 1 1 2 1 0 1 0

Alfa Romeo Others AL99Z 532 66 598 154 40 194 0

Audi A4 / S4 Cabriolet 02-08 AU10Z 34 12 46 12 2 14 0

Audi A3 04-09 AU11Z 121 23 144 32 6 38 1 Small

Audi Q7 06-11 AU12Z 41 6 47 5 2 7 0

Audi TT 06-11 AU13Z 25 5 30 3 4 7 0

Audi A5 / S5 07-11 AU15Z 28 5 33 7 1 8 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Audi A4 / S4 B8 08-11 AU16Z 62 12 74 14 3 17 0

Audi Q5 09-11 AU17Z 20 4 24 4 2 6 0

Audi A6/S6/AllRoad 95-04 AUD1A 63 9 72 18 2 20 0

Audi A6/S6/AllRoad/RS6 05-11 AUD1B 16 3 19 4 1 5 0

Audi A8 95-03 AUD2Z 143 15 158 21 4 25 1 Large

Audi A4 95-01 AUD3Z 1032 158 1190 158 37 195 1 Medium

Audi A3/S3 97-04 AUD5Z 471 91 562 88 11 99 1 Small

Audi TT 99-06 AUD6Z 154 26 180 21 5 26 1 Medium

Audi A4 01-08 AUD7Z 807 130 937 96 13 109 1 Medium

Audi A8 03-09 AUD9Z 9 1 10 . . . 0

Audi Others AUDIZ 1571 271 1842 275 73 348 0

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 BM10Z 238 35 273 42 11 53 1 Medium

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 BM11Z 299 83 382 114 22 136 1 Small

BMW Z4 E85 03-09 BM12Z 76 13 89 11 4 15 0

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 BM13Z 275 43 318 30 6 36 1 Large

BMW X5 01-08 BM14Z 825 103 928 68 12 80 1 SUV - Large

BMW 6 Series E63 / E64 04-10 BM15Z 16 2 18 1 1 2 0

BMW X3 E83 04-10 BM16Z 95 12 107 9 3 12 0

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 BM17Z 373 93 466 59 18 77 1 Small

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 BM18Z 770 156 926 109 22 131 1 Medium

BMW X6 E71 / E72 08-11 BM21Z 13 2 15 1 0 1 0

BMW X1 E84 10-11 BM22Z 15 4 19 1 2 3 0

BMW Z4 E89 09-11 BM23Z 2 2 4 1 1 2 0

BMW 5 Series F07 / F10 / F11 10-11 BM24Z 7 0 7 . . . 0

BMW X3 F25 10-11 BM25Z 3 2 5 1 0 1 0

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 BM3 A 3944 651 4595 740 169 909 1 Medium

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 BM3 B 5728 1094 6822 1168 230 1398 1 Medium

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 BM3 C 3378 767 4145 565 119 684 1 Medium

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

BMW 3 Others BM3 Z 112 49 161 49 13 62 0

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 BM5 A 1018 129 1147 121 29 150 1 Large

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 BM5 B 930 144 1074 175 38 213 1 Large

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 BM5 C 961 124 1085 154 31 185 1 Large

BMW 5 Others BM5 Z 27 12 39 11 3 14 0

BMW 6 Series E24 86-89 BM6 Z 6 0 6 1 0 1 0

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 BM7 A 197 16 213 25 7 32 1 Large

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 BM7 B 344 54 398 60 18 78 1 Large

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 BM7 C 216 22 238 36 6 42 1 Large

BMW 7 Series E65 02-08 BM7 D 76 10 86 6 1 7 0

BMW 7 Series F01 / F02 09-11 BM7 E 2 0 2 . . . 0

BMW 7 Others BM7 Z 14 3 17 2 1 3 0

BMW 8 Series E31 90-99 BM8 Z 23 1 24 1 0 1 0

BMW Others BM99Z 1363 232 1595 281 64 345 0

Chrysler Voyager 97-01 CHR1Z 531 89 620 71 12 83 1 People Mover

Chrysler Neon 96-99 CHR2Z 544 126 670 102 25 127 1 Small

Chrysler Neon 00-02 CHR3Z 139 31 170 25 7 32 1 Small

Chrysler PT Cruiser 00-10 CHR4Z 242 57 299 56 13 69 1 Medium

Chrysler Crossfire 03-08 CHR6Z 24 3 27 2 2 4 0

Chrysler 300C 06-10 CHR7Z 163 22 185 18 5 23 1 Large

Chrysler Sebring 07-10 CHR8Z 13 2 15 2 0 2 0

Chrysler Grand Voyager RG 01-07 CHR9Z 133 36 169 15 3 18 0

Chrysler Others CHRYZ 16 1 17 9 0 9 0

Citroen BX 86-94 CI1 Z 96 4 100 31 7 38 1 Small

Citroen C3 Pluriel 04-10 CI10Z 25 7 32 3 2 5 0

Citroen C4 05-10 CI11Z 161 34 195 20 5 25 1 Small

Citroen C2 04-08 CI12Z 33 5 38 3 1 4 0

Citroen Berlingo 08-11 CI13Z 48 12 60 2 1 3 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Citroen C5 08-11 CI15Z 11 3 14 2 0 2 0

Citroen Dispatch 08-11 CI16Z 3 0 3 . . . 0

Citroen C4 11-11 CI20Z 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Citroen AX 91-93 CI3 Z 6 1 7 16 4 20 0

Citroen Xantia 94-00 CI4 Z 65 16 81 22 5 27 0

Citroen Berlingo 99-08 CI5 Z 140 32 172 9 8 17 0

Citroen Xsara 00-05 CI6 Z 103 32 135 27 3 30 1 Small

Citroen XM 91-00 CI7 Z 7 1 8 1 1 2 0

Citroen C5 01-08 CI8 Z 125 25 150 16 6 22 1 Medium

Citroen C3 02-10 CI9 Z 154 50 204 28 6 34 1 Light

Citroen Others CI99Z 69 5 74 5 1 6 0

Daihatsu Charade 82-86 D1 A 1943 598 2541 681 201 882 1 Light

Daihatsu Charade 87 D1 B 333 102 435 154 28 182 0

Daihatsu Charade 88-92 D1 C 7430 2148 9578 1531 405 1936 1 Light

Daihatsu Charade 93-00 D1 D 7427 2052 9479 1234 336 1570 1 Light

Daihatsu Charade Others D1 Z 261 164 425 118 38 156 0

Daihatsu Feroza / Rocky 89-97 D11 Z 1185 280 1465 213 64 277 1 SUV - Small

Daihatsu Handivan 82-90 D12 Z 719 307 1026 244 65 309 1 Commercial - Van

Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 D13 Z 136 75 211 69 23 92 1 Commercial - Van

Daihatsu Rocky / Rugger 85-98 D14 Z 571 160 731 103 55 158 1 SUV - Small

Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 D15 Z 406 111 517 79 20 99 1 Light

Daihatsu Move 97-99 D16 Z 75 27 102 30 9 39 1 Light

Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 98-04 D17 Z 1636 586 2222 473 120 593 1 Light

Daihatsu Terios 97-05 D18 Z 929 392 1321 295 87 382 1 SUV - Small

Daihatsu Handivan / Cuore 99-03 D19 Z 253 115 368 69 26 95 1 Commercial - Van

Daihatsu Applause 89-99 D2 Z 3484 891 4375 608 152 760 1 Small

Daihatsu YRV 01-04 D20 Z 8 8 16 10 1 11 0

Daihatsu Charade 03-05 D21 Z 81 51 132 36 15 51 1 Light

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Daihatsu Copen 03-06 D22 Z 19 6 25 4 3 7 0

Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 05-05 D23 Z 48 15 63 38 9 47 0

Daihatsu Mira 90-96 D3 Z 746 336 1082 315 93 408 1 Light

Daihatsu Others D99 Z 1170 360 1530 371 111 482 0

Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 DA01Z 200 64 264 56 8 64 1 Small

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 DA03Z 4051 1293 5344 963 238 1201 1 Small

Daewoo Espero 95-97 DA05Z 865 272 1137 202 59 261 1 Medium

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 DA06Z 3379 916 4295 704 177 881 1 Small

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 DA07Z 5209 1672 6881 1223 353 1576 1 Small

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 DA08Z 835 210 1045 169 43 212 1 Medium

Daewoo / Ssango Musso 98-02 DA09Z 333 45 378 45 23 68 1 SUV - Medium

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 DA10Z 789 454 1243 348 88 436 1 Light

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 DA11Z 122 40 162 20 14 34 1 Medium

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 DA12Z 181 58 239 41 11 52 1 Small

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 DA13Z 431 153 584 100 42 142 1 Light

Ssangyong Rexton 03-06 DA14Z 48 17 65 13 1 14 0

Ssangyong Korando 04-06 DA15Z 11 4 15 4 0 4 0

Ssangyong Chairman 05-08 DA16Z 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Ssangyong Stavic 05-11 DA17Z 48 13 61 8 6 14 0

Ssangyong Kyron 06-11 DA18Z 15 6 21 5 3 8 0

Ssangyong Actyon 07-11 DA19Z 38 5 43 2 4 6 0

Ssangyong Korando 11-11 DA20Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Ssangyong Rexton II 06-11 DA21Z 4 2 6 1 1 2 0

Dodge Caliber 06-11 DO1 Z 30 8 38 8 0 8 0

Dodge Avenger 07-10 DO2 Z 18 1 19 1 0 1 0

Dodge Nitro 07-11 DO3 Z 45 7 52 7 1 8 0

Dodge Journey 08-11 DO4 Z 17 0 17 3 0 3 0

Ford Laser/Met 90 F01 B 7093 1744 8837 1667 382 2049 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Ford Laser 91-94 F01 C 16719 4121 20840 3747 937 4684 1 Small

Ford Laser 95-97 F01 D 5240 1365 6605 1153 297 1450 1 Small

Ford Laser/Met Others F01 Z 865 473 1338 362 96 458 0

Ford Cortina 82-82 F02 Z 29 11 40 311 81 392 0

Ford Telstar Others F04 Z 268 123 391 94 25 119 0

Ford Escort 82-82 F05 Z 31 3 34 3 1 4 0

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 F06 Z 59955 10188 70143 9173 2885 12058 1 Large

Ford Fairlane Z & LTD F 82-87 F07 Z 6287 1036 7323 961 287 1248 1 Large

Ford Falcon EA / Falcon EB Series I 88-Mar 92 F08 C 49100 8375 57475 7226 2134 9360 1 Large

Ford Falcon EB Series II / Falcon ED Apr 92-94 F08 D 22196 3815 26011 3193 1012 4205 1 Large

Ford Falcon Others F08 Z 652 174 826 254 65 319 0

Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 88-94 F09 A 5318 821 6139 740 251 991 1 Large

Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 95-98 F09 B 2126 382 2508 322 107 429 1 Large

Ford Fairlane & LTD AU 99-02 F09 C 1272 241 1513 164 51 215 1 Large

Ford Fairlane & LTD BA/BF 03-07 F09 D 912 130 1042 54 21 75 1 Large

Ford Fairlane N&LTD D Others F09 Z 16 2 18 2 0 2 0

Ford Mondeo 95-01 F10 Z 2574 472 3046 707 126 833 1 Medium

Ford Falcon FG 08-11 F101Z 1404 217 1621 166 55 221 1 Large

Ford Mondeo 07-11 F11 Z 195 48 243 56 16 72 1 Medium

Ford Capri 89-94 F43 Z 1784 491 2275 426 95 521 1 Small

Ford Festiva WD/WH/WF 94-01 F44 B 15095 5243 20338 3781 1055 4836 1 Light

Ford F44AZ 30 16 46 12 5 17 0

Ford Falcon Panel Van 82-95 F45 A 4413 552 4965 459 109 568 1 Commercial - Van

Ford Falcon Panel Van 96-99 F45 B 595 65 660 73 15 88 1 Commercial - Van

Ford Falcon Panel Van Others F45 Z 5 0 5 3 0 3 0

Ford / Nissan Falcon Ute / XFN Ute 82-95 F46 A 11887 1829 13716 1296 479 1775 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 F46 B 2823 521 3344 384 134 518 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford Falcon Ute 99 F46 C 903 170 1073 146 45 191 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Ford Falcon Ute AU 00-02 F46 D 3290 550 3840 458 160 618 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford Falcon Ute BA/BF 03-08 F46 E 3274 542 3816 425 175 600 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford Falcon Ute FG 08-11 F46 F 60 12 72 11 4 15 0

Ford Falcon Ute Others F46 Z 15 1 16 1 0 1 0

Ford Ford F-Series 82-92 F47 Z 1086 138 1224 110 30 140 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford Spectron 86-90 F52 Z 48 15 63 25 4 29 0

Ford Trader F53 Z 993 89 1082 65 17 82 0

Ford Commercials F54 Z 13823 2628 16451 1923 583 2506 0

Ford Sierra F55 Z 3 1 4 1 0 1 0

Ford Bronco 82-87 F56 Z 204 28 232 15 12 27 1 SUV - Large

Ford Probe 94-98 F61 Z 298 62 360 73 16 89 1 Medium

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 F62 Z 50690 9572 60262 7712 2286 9998 1 Large

Ford Transit 95-00 F64 A 1304 171 1475 142 38 180 1 Commercial - Van

Ford Transit 01-07 F64 B 983 112 1095 150 25 175 1 Commercial - Van

Ford Transit Others F64 Z 35 5 40 30 6 36 0

Ford Explorer 00-01 F65 Z 440 115 555 98 40 138 1 SUV - Large

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 F66 Z 26858 5609 32467 4221 1262 5483 1 Large

Ford Taurus 96-98 F67 Z 521 116 637 102 31 133 1 Large

Ford Ka 99-02 F68 Z 502 172 674 166 45 211 1 Light

Ford Cougar 99-03 F69 Z 746 210 956 197 50 247 1 Medium

Ford F70 Z 423 70 493 50 24 74 0

Ford Mustang 01-03 F71 Z 17 3 20 2 2 4 0

Ford Explorer 01-05 F72 Z 355 74 429 66 26 92 1 SUV - Large

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 F73 Z 20968 4087 25055 2994 930 3924 1 Large

Ford Focus LR 02-05 F75 Z 1698 497 2195 456 98 554 1 Small

Ford F-Series 01-06 F76 Z 326 42 368 22 18 40 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford Territory SX/SY 04-11 F77 Z 2017 360 2377 290 62 352 1 SUV - Large

Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 F78 Z 125 34 159 34 2 36 1 Light

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 F79 Z 1878 483 2361 386 115 501 1 Small

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 F82 Z 214 73 287 45 29 74 1 Light

Ford Focus LV 09-11 F83 Z 118 33 151 21 8 29 1 Small

Ford Others F99 Z 48148 7657 55805 11957 3909 15866 0

Ferrari FERAZ 12 1 13 2 0 2 0

Fiat Argenta 83-85 FI01Z 13 4 17 3 1 4 0

Fiat Croma 88-89 FI02Z 23 5 28 9 1 10 0

Fiat Regata 84-88 FI03Z 244 34 278 27 8 35 1 Small

Fiat Superbrava 82-85 FI04Z 49 15 64 9 6 15 0

Fiat X-1/9 82-85 FI11Z 6 1 7 1 0 1 0

Fiat Ducato 02-07 FI12Z 99 10 109 22 4 26 1 Commercial - Van

Fiat Punto 06-09 FI13Z 59 11 70 4 3 7 0

Fiat 500 08-11 FI15Z 16 5 21 4 1 5 0

Fiat Ritmo 08-09 FI16Z 4 1 5 3 0 3 0

Fiat Scudo 08-11 FI17Z 6 2 8 1 0 1 0

Fiat Others FI99Z 156 19 175 50 10 60 0

FSM FSM Z 13 2 15 6 1 7 0

Great Wall SA220 09-10 GW1 Z 1 2 3 1 2 3 0

Great Wall V240 / V200 09-11 GW2 Z 28 12 40 4 8 12 0

Great Wall X240 / V240 09-11 GW3 Z 24 9 33 3 6 9 0

Holden / Toyota Commodore VN/VP / Lexcen 89-93 H1 Z 65177 12513 77690 10188 3567 13755 1 Large

Holden Calibra 94-97 H12 Z 502 72 574 107 24 131 1 Medium

Holden Statesman/Caprice WB 82-85 H14 A 139 23 162 32 18 50 1 Large

Holden Stateman/Caprice VQ 90-93 H14 B 716 106 822 99 42 141 1 Large

Holden Stateman/Caprice VR/VS 94-98 H14 C 4979 861 5840 707 229 936 1 Large

Holden Stateman/Caprice Others H14 Z 156 23 179 20 3 23 0

Holden Nova Others H15 Z 121 33 154 33 7 40 0

Holden Commodore Ute VG/VP 90-93 H18 Z 2150 382 2532 248 116 364 1 Commercial - Ute

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Holden Camira 82-89 H2 Z 15892 3664 19556 3763 953 4716 1 Medium

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 82-91 H21 A 981 226 1207 251 54 305 1 SUV - Medium

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 92-97 H21 B 955 176 1131 188 52 240 1 SUV - Medium

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 98-02 H21 C 1080 238 1318 157 60 217 1 SUV - Medium

Holden Jackaroo Others H21 Z 47 9 56 49 14 63 0

Holden Kingswood H22 Z 34 8 42 5 8 13 0

Holden / Isuzu Piazza 86-88 H23 Z 56 9 65 17 2 19 0

Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 82-85 H24 A 831 153 984 124 38 162 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 86-88 H24 B 479 90 569 76 13 89 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 89-95 H24 C 7906 1505 9411 993 392 1385 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Rodeo 96-98 H24 D 3558 716 4274 484 164 648 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Rodeo 99-02 H24 E 3947 829 4776 500 231 731 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Rodeo 03-08 H50 Z 5126 1044 6170 639 261 900 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Rodeo Others H24 Z 254 63 317 56 13 69 0

Holden Shuttle / WFR Van 82-87 H26 Z 531 106 637 76 28 104 1 Commercial - Van

Holden WB Series 82-85 H27 Z 1969 306 2275 189 101 290 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Torana/Sunbird H28 Z 10 0 10 1 1 2 0

Holden Gemini 82-84 H3 A 6253 1484 7737 1529 383 1912 1 Small

Holden Gemini 85 H3 B 1253 319 1572 318 76 394 0

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 H3 C 1074 337 1411 322 72 394 1 Small

Holden Gemini Others H3 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Holden Commodore Others H31 Z 36 1 37 14 1 15 0

Holden / Toyota Commodore VR/VS / Lexcen 93-97 H33 Z 63637 12160 75797 9381 3034 12415 1 Large

Holden Commodore Ute VR/VS 94-00 H34 Z 9296 1777 11073 1148 522 1670 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Frontera 95-03 H35 Z 535 125 660 88 31 119 1 SUV - Medium

Holden Vectra 97-03 H36 Z 4177 951 5128 869 172 1041 1 Medium

Holden Commodore VT/VX 97-02 H37 Z 51953 11154 63107 8377 2371 10748 1 Large

Holden Suburban 98-00 H38 Z 51 9 60 9 0 9 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Holden Statesman/Caprice WH 99-03 H39 Z 1644 325 1969 236 65 301 1 Large

Holden Astra Jap 87 H4 B 969 196 1165 184 55 239 0

Holden Astra TR 96-98 H4 D 1428 313 1741 339 67 406 1 Small

Holden Astra TS 98-06 H4 E 11867 3181 15048 2387 496 2883 1 Small

Holden Astra Others H4 Z 75 31 106 39 9 48 0

Holden Commodore VU Ute 00-02 H41 Z 2738 484 3222 361 153 514 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Commodore VY/VZ 02-07 H42 Z 17725 3830 21555 3025 781 3806 1 Large

Holden Commodore VY/VZ Ute 02-07 H43 Z 6126 1158 7284 791 318 1109 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Monaro 01-05 H44 Z 883 185 1068 148 54 202 1 Large

Holden Cruze 02-06 H45 Z 691 293 984 225 78 303 1 SUV - Small

Holden Barina XC / Combo 01-11 H46 Z 3210 984 4194 735 167 902 1 Light

Holden Zafira TT 01-05 H47 Z 372 92 464 60 13 73 1 People Mover

Holden Statesman/Caprice WK/WL 03-06 H48 Z 824 139 963 84 25 109 1 Large

Holden Adventra 03-06 H49 Z 307 65 372 66 10 76 1 SUV - Medium

Holden Barina SB 95-00 H5 D 7685 2448 10133 1695 373 2068 1 Light

Holden Barina Others H5 Z 257 109 366 142 28 170 0

Holden Rodeo 03-08 H50 Z 5126 1044 6170 639 261 900 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 H51 Z 509 114 623 128 24 152 1 Medium

Holden Astra AH 04-09 H55 Z 2717 729 3446 490 120 610 1 Small

Holden Barina TK 05-11 H56 Z 1780 688 2468 462 181 643 1 Light

Holden Viva JF 05-09 H57 Z 1079 357 1436 254 74 328 1 Small

Holden Tigra 05-06 H58 Z 47 27 74 23 5 28 0

Holden Captiva CG 06-11 H59 Z 815 184 999 135 31 166 1 SUV - Medium

Holden Commodore VB-VL 82-88 H6 Z 54685 10179 64864 9130 2955 12085 1 Large

Holden Commodore VE 06-11 H60 Z 6786 1460 8246 1085 333 1418 1 Large

Holden Statesman/Caprice WM 06-11 H61 Z 222 35 257 21 7 28 1 Large

Holden Commodore VE Ute 07-11 H62 Z 679 132 811 86 40 126 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Epica EP 07-11 H63 Z 22 10 32 9 1 10 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Holden Colorado RC 08-11 H64 Z 410 100 510 59 35 94 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden Cruze JG / JH 09-11 H65 Z 445 131 576 110 38 148 1 Small

Holden Barina Spark 10-11 H66 Z 15 7 22 2 5 7 0

Holden Barina TM 11-11 H67 Z 1 5 6 4 0 4 0

Holden Others H99 Z 35415 5016 40431 9888 3540 13428 0

Hummer H3 07-10 HU01Z 26 4 30 2 3 5 0

Hyundai Excel 86-90 HY1 A 3007 883 3890 956 249 1205 1 Small

Hyundai Excel 90-94 HY1 B 9968 2899 12867 2308 593 2901 1 Small

Hyundai Excel / Accent 95-00 HY1 C 28223 8972 37195 6252 1591 7843 1 Small

Hyundai Excel Others HY1 Z 462 180 642 162 39 201 0

Hyundai Trajet 00-07 HY10Z 63 13 76 15 3 18 0

Hyundai Elantra 00-06 HY11Z 3427 979 4406 610 172 782 1 Small

Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 HY12Z 630 147 777 111 33 144 1 SUV - Medium

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 HY13Z 5268 1721 6989 1207 428 1635 1 Light

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 HY15A 1182 280 1462 189 45 234 1 Medium

Hyundai Sonata EF 02-05 HY15B 322 91 413 61 9 70 1 Medium

Hyundai Sonata Others HY15Z 4 2 6 3 1 4 0

Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 HY16Z 147 41 188 25 7 32 1 Medium

Hyundai Terracan 01-07 HY17Z 335 68 403 45 12 57 1 SUV - Medium

Hyundai Elantra Lavita 01-03 HY18Z 71 8 79 38 2 40 0

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 HY19Z 271 52 323 54 12 66 1 SUV - Small

Hyundai Sonata 89-97 HY2 Z 4041 890 4931 766 169 935 1 Large

Hyundai Sonata NF 05-10 HY20Z 211 71 282 40 14 54 1 Medium

Hyundai Grandeur TG 06-11 HY21Z 31 6 37 5 3 8 0

Hyundai Accent 06-09 HY22Z 294 86 380 78 14 92 1 Small

Hyundai Santa Fe 06-11 HY23Z 42 6 48 10 0 10 0

Hyundai i30 07-11 HY25Z 661 178 839 161 68 229 1 Small

Hyundai iLoad 08-11 HY27Z 164 22 186 24 9 33 1 Commercial - Van

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Hyundai Elantra 07-10 HY28Z 49 17 66 15 2 17 0

Hyundai ix35 10-11 HY29Z 59 10 69 8 2 10 0

Hyundai i45 10-11 HY30Z 6 1 7 1 1 2 0

Hyundai Elantra 10-11 HY32Z 6 5 11 3 2 5 0

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 HY4 Z 1441 390 1831 309 73 382 1 Small

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 HY5 A 2509 629 3138 436 114 550 1 Small

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 HY5 B 5218 1277 6495 1003 260 1263 1 Small

Hyundai Lantra Others HY5 Z 51 13 64 21 3 24 0

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 HY7 Z 1107 255 1362 188 53 241 1 Small

Hyundai Grandeaur / XG 99-00 HY8 Z 427 85 512 51 13 64 1 Large

Hyundai Accent 00-06 HY9 Z 5804 1756 7560 1161 330 1491 1 Small

Hyundai Others HY99Z 1899 555 2454 864 372 1236 0

Mitsubishi Mirage / Colt 82-88 I01 Z 12199 3304 15503 3505 820 4325 1 Light

Mitsubishi Sigma / Galant / Sapporo / Lambda 82-84 I02 Z 12768 2259 15027 2829 699 3528 1 Medium

Mitsubishi Magna TM/TN/TP / Sigma / V3000 85-90 I04 Z 30219 5268 35487 4929 1335 6264 1 Large

Mitsubishi Charger/Valiant I05 Z 34 3 37 2 1 3 0

Mitsubishi Magna TE/TF/TH/TJ / Verada

KE/KF/KH/KJ / Diamante

96-03 I06 A 23879 4512 28391 3422 906 4328 1 Large

Mitsubishi Magna Others I06 Z 1 2 3 2 0 2 0

Mitsubishi Starion 82-87 I07 Z 182 36 218 48 23 71 1 Medium

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CA 89-90 I09 A 5864 1212 7076 1385 329 1714 1 Small

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CB 91-92 I09 B 919 216 1135 400 73 473 1 Small

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CC 93-95 I09 C 8474 1919 10393 1825 436 2261 1 Small

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CE 96-03 I09 D 22850 6229 29079 4601 1026 5627 1 Small

Mitsubishi Lancer Others I09 Z 14 3 17 511 116 627 0

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot / Spacewagon 85-91 I10 A 499 100 599 228 42 270 1 People Mover

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot 92-98 I10 B 925 187 1112 286 50 336 1 People Mover

Mitsubishi Nimbus 99-03 I10 C 379 60 439 57 11 68 1 People Mover

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Mitsubishi Cordia 83-87 I12 Z 1763 352 2115 568 155 723 1 Small

Mitsubishi Magna TR/TS / Verada KR/KS /

V3000 / Diamante

91-96 I15 Z 30744 5141 35885 4824 1125 5949 1 Large

Mitsubishi Galant 89-93 I16 A 14 1 15 629 130 759 0

Mitsubishi Galant 95-96 I16 B 1766 341 2107 574 118 692 1 Medium

Mitsubishi Galant Others I16 Z 9 11 20 465 102 567 0

Mitsubishi Canter I21 Z 1560 155 1715 165 46 211 0

Mitsubishi Commercial - Van 94-11 I22 Z 739 173 912 94 58 152 1 Commercial - Van

Mitsubishi Starwagon / L300 83-86 I23 A 3212 728 3940 607 207 814 1 People Mover

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Starwagon 87-93 I23 B 6647 1204 7851 1034 311 1345 1 People Mover

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Spacegear 95-03 I23 C 2782 473 3255 374 92 466 1 People Mover

Mitsubishi I23 D 449 70 519 93 26 119 0

Mitsubishi Starwagon Others I23 Z 156 67 223 205 52 257 0

Mitsubishi Commercials I24 Z 5670 1041 6711 733 244 977 0

Mitsubishi Pajero 82-90 I25 A 2259 446 2705 440 148 588 1 SUV - Medium

Mitsubishi Pajero 91 I25 B 600 69 669 97 32 129 0

Mitsubishi Pajero 92-99 I25 C 4810 761 5571 583 198 781 1 SUV - Medium

Mitsubishi Pajero NM / NP 00-06 I25 D 2111 313 2424 207 70 277 1 SUV - Medium

Mitsubishi Pajero NS / NT / NW 07-11 I25 E 334 43 377 34 11 45 1 SUV - Medium

Mitsubishi Pajero Others I25 Z 121 43 164 30 11 41 0

Mitsubishi 3000GT 92-97 I26 Z 3 2 5 3 1 4 0

Mitsubishi Challenger 98-06 I30 Z 798 162 960 113 51 164 1 SUV - Medium

Mitsubishi Pajero iO 99-03 I34 Z 131 33 164 15 10 25 1 SUV - Small

Mitsubishi Lancer CE / CG / Cedia 02-03 I37 Z 74 42 116 38 10 48 1 Small

Mitsubishi Magna TL/TW / Verada KL/KW 03-05 I38 Z 2370 488 2858 375 83 458 1 Large

Mitsubishi Outlander 03-06 I39 Z 634 160 794 100 32 132 1 SUV - Small

Mitsubishi Lancer CH 03-07 I40 Z 3762 1008 4770 676 203 879 1 Small

Mitsubishi Grandis 04-11 I42 Z 85 14 99 17 7 24 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 I43 Z 442 135 577 166 44 210 1 Light

Mitsubishi 380 05-08 I44 Z 1115 222 1337 175 44 219 1 Large

Mitsubishi Triton MK 96-06 I45 Z 2282 341 2623 209 92 301 1 Commercial - Ute

Mitsubishi Triton ML / MN 06-11 I46 Z 1176 270 1446 164 104 268 1 Commercial - Ute

Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 I47 Z 553 109 662 78 23 101 1 SUV - Small

Mitsubishi Challenger 09-11 I48 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Mitsubishi Lancer CJ 08-11 I49 Z 710 195 905 108 62 170 1 Small

Mitsubishi ASX 10-11 I50 Z 20 4 24 2 4 6 0

Mitsubishi Others I99 Z 35521 7575 43096 8614 2767 11381 0

Isuzu NKR Series IS01Z 1085 138 1223 89 19 108 0

Isuzu NPR Series IS02Z 2721 218 2939 119 35 154 0

Isuzu D-Max 08-11 IS03Z 74 16 90 5 8 13 0

Isuzu Others IS99Z 3582 269 3851 276 109 385 0

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 J01 A 365 57 422 42 15 57 1 Large

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 J01 B 521 67 588 68 12 80 1 Large

Jaguar XJ6 95-97 J01 C 126 13 139 13 6 19 0

Jaguar XJ8 98-03 J01 D 17 1 18 1 1 2 0

Jaguar XJ6 Others J01 Z 25 3 28 5 0 5 0

Jaguar XJS 82-96 J04 Z 70 11 81 10 1 11 0

Jaguar XJR 95-03 J05 Z 4 0 4 1 0 1 0

Jaguar XK8 / XKR 96-05 J07 Z 39 5 44 4 1 5 0

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 J08 Z 234 30 264 28 6 34 1 Large

Jaguar X-Type 02-10 J09 Z 231 39 270 32 6 38 1 Medium

Jaguar XJ 03-09 J10 Z 35 8 43 6 3 9 0

Jaguar XK 06-11 J11 Z 8 2 10 1 0 1 0

Jaguar XF 08-11 J12 Z 14 2 16 1 0 1 0

Jaguar Others J99 Z 412 56 468 72 23 95 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 JE01Z 1490 268 1758 268 93 361 1 SUV - Medium

Jeep Grand Cherokee ZG 96-99 JE02Z 348 54 402 63 17 80 1 SUV - Large

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 JE03Z 446 85 531 92 24 116 1 SUV - Medium

Jeep Grand Cherokee WG 99-05 JE04Z 343 55 398 70 19 89 1 SUV - Large

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 JE05Z 382 79 461 76 25 101 1 SUV - Medium

Jeep Grand Cherokee WH 05-10 JE06Z 82 11 93 12 3 15 0

Jeep Commander 06-10 JE07Z 33 5 38 5 0 5 0

Jeep Wrangler 05-11 JE08Z 106 25 131 24 7 31 1 SUV - Medium

Jeep Patriot 07-11 JE09Z 30 5 35 5 0 5 0

Jeep Compass 07-10 JE10Z 9 1 10 1 0 1 0

Jeep Grand Cherokee WK 10-11 JE12Z 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Jeep Others JEEPZ 155 23 178 31 7 38 0

Kia Sportage 98-03 K01 Z 928 240 1168 191 51 242 1 SUV - Small

Kia Ceres 92-00 K02 Z 1128 322 1450 269 83 352 1 Commercial - Ute

Kia Mentor 97-00 K03 Z 17 6 23 4 2 6 0

Kia Credos 98-01 K04 Z 77 30 107 21 6 27 1 Medium

Kia Rio 00-05 K05 Z 2574 945 3519 627 203 830 1 Small

Kia Carens 00-02 K06 Z 74 30 104 17 5 22 1 People Mover

Kia Carnival 99-06 K07 Z 1229 249 1478 175 52 227 1 People Mover

Kia Spectra 01-04 K08 Z 332 105 437 68 24 92 1 Small

Kia Optima 01-06 K09 Z 110 34 144 29 4 33 1 Large

Kia K2700 02-08 K10 Z 177 30 207 20 11 31 1 Commercial - Ute

Kia Pregio 02-06 K11 Z 797 160 957 116 36 152 1 Commercial - Van

Kia Sorento 03-09 K12 Z 325 72 397 52 28 80 1 SUV - Large

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 K13 Z 603 214 817 152 43 195 1 Small

Kia Rio JB 05-11 K14 Z 995 371 1366 265 110 375 1 Small

Kia Sportage KM 05-10 K15 Z 160 41 201 30 9 39 1 SUV - Small

Kia Magentis 06-09 K16 Z 40 19 59 14 6 20 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Kia Carnival 06-11 K17 Z 350 65 415 51 14 65 1 People Mover

Kia K2900 08-11 K18 Z 12 1 13 2 1 3 0

Kia Rondo / Carens 08-11 K19 Z 6 2 8 2 0 2 0

Kia Cerato TD 09-11 K20 Z 34 9 43 4 4 8 0

Kia Soul 09-11 K21 Z 3 0 3 1 0 1 0

Kia Sorento 09-11 K22 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Kia Sportage SL 10-11 K23 Z 5 0 5 . . . 0

Kia Rio UB 11-11 K24 Z 2 0 2 . . . 0

Kia Grand Carnival 06-11 K26 Z 22 4 26 3 3 6 0

Lada LADAZ 223 89 312 116 32 148 0

Lancia LANCZ 33 3 36 2 2 4 0

Leyland LEY Z 110 12 122 11 5 16 0

Land Rover Defender 92-11 LRO1Z 379 75 454 49 28 77 1 SUV - Medium

Land Rover LRO2 64 6 70 6 0 6 0

Land Rover Discovery 91-02 LRO2A 1361 252 1613 201 61 262 1 SUV - Large

Land Rover Discovery 02-04 LRO2B 122 23 145 15 4 19 0

Land Rover LRO2Z 521 76 597 70 19 89 0

Land Rover Discovery 3 05-09 LRO3Z 27 3 30 3 0 3 0

Land Rover Discovery 4 09-11 LRO4Z 19 1 20 4 1 5 0

Land Rover Others LROVZ 320 46 366 57 15 72 0

Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 / Familia 82-88 M01 A 43737 11655 55392 13335 3267 16602 1 Small

Mazda 323 89 M01 B 543 140 683 744 160 904 0

Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 90-93 M01 C 4464 1026 5490 1883 423 2306 1 Small

Mazda 323 94 M01 D 1409 338 1747 246 69 315 0

Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 95-98 M01 E 5703 1434 7137 1354 305 1659 1 Small

Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 M01 F 7553 2031 9584 1590 365 1955 1 Small

Mazda 323 Others M01 Z 352 178 530 344 73 417 0

Mazda 626/MX6 / Telstar 82 M02 A 11934 2579 14513 2669 764 3433 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 83-86 M02 B 9843 2061 11904 2750 687 3437 1 Medium

Mazda 626/MX6 / Telstar 87 M02 C 3444 568 4012 436 129 565 0

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 88-91 M02 D 6590 1476 8066 2017 525 2542 1 Medium

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella / Cronos 92-97 M02 E 6980 1223 8203 1577 418 1995 1 Medium

Mazda 626 98-02 M02 F 2200 508 2708 534 119 653 1 Medium

Mazda 626/MX6 / Telstar Others M02 Z 267 111 378 73 35 108 0

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 M03 A 3377 651 4028 683 191 874 1 Large

Mazda 929 91 M03 B 220 38 258 40 14 54 0

Mazda 929 / Sentia / Efini MS-9 92-96 M03 C 270 49 319 47 12 59 1 Large

Mazda 929 Others M03 Z 86 41 127 31 11 42 0

Ford / Mazda Festiva WA / 121 87-90 M09 A 7231 2348 9579 1816 502 2318 1 Light

Mazda 121 / Autozam Review 94-96 M09 B 3866 1297 5163 900 245 1145 1 Light

Mazda 121 Metro / Demio 97-02 M09 C 2972 889 3861 746 198 944 1 Light

Mazda / Ford 121 / Festiva WA Others M09 Z 175 99 274 129 37 166 0

Mazda RX7 82-85 M10 A 665 131 796 129 40 169 1 Medium

Mazda RX7 86-91 M10 B 410 61 471 100 29 129 1 Medium

Mazda RX7 92-98 M10 C 80 13 93 25 8 33 0

Mazda RX7 Others M10 Z 13 1 14 13 6 19 0

Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 89-97 M11 A 462 102 564 100 20 120 1 Small

Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 98-05 M11 B 446 129 575 83 19 102 1 Small

Mazda MX5 Others M11 Z 10 10 20 11 2 13 0

Mazda Commercials M14 Z 9071 1629 10700 1267 437 1704 0

Mazda MPV 94-99 M15 A 388 62 450 37 7 44 1 People Mover

Mazda MPV 00-06 M15 B 258 37 295 23 6 29 1 People Mover

Mazda MPV Others M15 Z 6 1 7 1 0 1 0

Mazda Eunos 30X / Presso / MX-3 / Autozam

AZ-3

90-97 M16 Z 609 136 745 104 28 132 1 Small

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 M17 Z 381 97 478 94 13 107 1 Medium

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 M18 Z 136 20 156 23 5 28 1 Medium

Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 01-06 M21 Z 2050 457 2507 310 97 407 1 SUV - Medium

Ford / Mazda Courier / B-Series / Bounty 98-02 M22 A 2439 460 2899 382 137 519 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford / Mazda Courier / Bravo / Bounty 03-06 M22 B 1744 412 2156 328 116 444 1 Commercial - Ute

Mazda / Ford Bravo / Courier Others M22 Z 196 25 221 90 27 117 0

Mazda Premacy 01-03 M23 Z 4 0 4 21 5 26 0

Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 M24 Z 1139 383 1522 247 102 349 1 Light

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 M25 Z 2439 643 3082 605 130 735 1 Medium

Mazda RX-8 03-11 M26 Z 321 54 375 42 6 48 1 Medium

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 M27 Z 6236 1654 7890 1203 327 1530 1 Small

Mazda MX-5 05-11 M28 Z 100 33 133 21 9 30 1 Small

Mazda CX-7 06-11 M29 Z 361 70 431 46 5 51 1 SUV - Medium

Ford / Mazda Ranger / BT-50 06-11 M30 Z 1722 420 2142 271 149 420 1 Commercial - Ute

Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 06-11 / 06-08 M31 Z 108 19 127 16 1 17 0

Mazda CX-9 07-11 M32 Z 158 21 179 14 3 17 0

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 M33 Z 757 256 1013 203 71 274 1 Light

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 M34 Z 253 66 319 68 21 89 1 Medium

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 M35 Z 430 128 558 111 60 171 1 Small

Ford / Mazda Ranger / BT-50 11-11 M36 Z 4 5 9 1 6 7 0

Mazda Others M99 Z 12133 2108 14241 3305 960 4265 0

Maserati MASRZ 8 0 8 1 0 1 0

Mercedes Benz 100 Series ME1 Z 207 29 236 33 8 41 0

Mercedes Benz C180 ME10Z 48 11 59 11 2 13 0

Mercedes Benz C-Class W201 87-93 ME11Z 903 171 1074 156 46 202 1 Medium


Mercedes Benz CLK C208 97-03 ME13Z 243 43 286 31 13 44 1 Medium

Mercedes Benz E-Class W123 82-85 ME14Z 460 77 537 48 12 60 1 Large


MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP


Mercedes Benz S-CLASS W107 ME17Z 40 7 47 9 0 9 0

Mercedes Benz S-Class W126 82-92 ME18Z 1058 157 1215 127 33 160 1 Large

Mercedes Benz S-Class R129 93-02 ME19Z 88 8 96 9 1 10 0


Mercedes Benz S-Class C140 93-98 ME20Z 246 18 264 14 5 19 0

Mercedes Benz SLK R170 97-04 ME21Z 212 42 254 28 4 32 1 Medium

Mercedes Benz A-Class W168 98-04 ME22Z 422 103 525 64 14 78 1 Small

Mercedes Benz MB100 / MB140 99-04 ME24Z 458 52 510 40 12 52 1 Commercial - Van

Mercedes Benz S-Class W220 99-06 ME25Z 179 20 199 14 3 17 0

Mercedes Benz Vito 99-04 ME26Z 662 69 731 56 14 70 1 Commercial - Van

Mercedes Benz M-Class W163 98-05 ME27Z 657 81 738 56 16 72 1 SUV - Large

Mercedes Benz CL500/600 C215 98-00 ME28Z 13 3 16 3 1 4 0



Mercedes Benz Sprinter 98-06 ME30Z 623 100 723 100 24 124 1 Commercial - Van

Mercedes Benz G-Class 83-88 ME31Z 4 1 5 1 0 1 0

Mercedes Benz CLK C209 03-09 ME32Z 315 51 366 34 7 41 1 Medium


Mercedes Benz SL-Class R230 02-11 ME34Z 36 5 41 6 0 6 0

Mercedes Benz SLK R171 04-11 ME35Z 65 13 78 5 0 5 0

Mercedes Benz M-Class W164 05-11 ME36Z 209 18 227 17 2 19 0

Mercedes Benz A-Class W169 05-11 ME37Z 78 23 101 14 4 18 0

Mercedes Benz CLS W219 05-11 ME38Z 39 6 45 4 0 4 0

Mercedes Benz B-Class W245 05-11 ME39Z 102 9 111 11 4 15 0


Mercedes Benz S-Class W221 06-11 ME40Z 34 8 42 2 1 3 0

Mercedes Benz R-Class W251 / V251 06-11 ME41Z 17 1 18 . . . 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP


Mercedes Benz CL C216 07-11 ME43Z 1 1 2 . . . 0

Mercedes Benz Sprinter 06-11 ME44Z 78 14 92 15 4 19 0

Mercedes Benz E-Class W212 / W213 09-11 ME45Z 23 2 25 3 0 3 0

Mercedes Benz Vito / Viano 04-11 ME46Z 153 20 173 19 9 28 1 Commercial - Van

Mercedes Benz E-Class C207 / A207 09-11 ME47Z 8 1 9 1 0 1 0


Mercedes Benz CLS W218 11-11 ME50Z 6 1 7 1 0 1 0

Mercedes Benz Others ME99Z 2289 229 2518 349 103 452 0

Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Langley 84-86 N01 A 9673 2447 12120 2676 688 3364 1 Small

Nissan Pulsar / Vector 87 N01 B 1558 350 1908 680 133 813 0

Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 88-90 N01 C 14576 3421 17997 3206 847 4053 1 Small

Nissan Pulsar / Vector 91 N01 D 3902 931 4833 700 194 894 0

Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 92-95 N01 E 8167 1765 9932 2016 436 2452 1 Small

Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 96-99 N01 F 11459 3297 14756 2663 741 3404 1 Small

Nissan Pulsar Others N01 Z 424 202 626 143 52 195 0

Nissan Pintara 86-88 N02 A 5999 1158 7157 965 281 1246 1 Medium

Nissan / Ford Pintara / Corsair / Bluebird 89-92 N02 B 9814 2135 11949 2234 623 2857 1 Medium

Nissan Pintara Others N02 Z 1 0 1 96 24 120 0

Nissan Bluebird 82-86 N03 Z 12225 2548 14773 2616 784 3400 1 Medium

Nissan Skyline 83-88 N04 Z 5747 1060 6807 1547 427 1974 1 Large

Nissan 180B/200B N05 Z 56 7 63 6 1 7 0

Nissan 300ZX / Fairlady Z 90-95 N09 Z 637 115 752 138 35 173 1 Large

Nissan Stanza 82-83 N10 Z 512 105 617 92 21 113 1 Small

Nissan 280C / Laurel 82-84 N11 Z 59 9 68 9 3 12 0

Nissan Gazelle / Silvia 84-86 N12 Z 431 86 517 465 156 621 1 Small

Nissan 280ZX 82-84 N13 Z 115 19 134 20 8 28 1 Medium

Nissan Prairie 84-86 N14 Z 381 86 467 173 32 205 1 People Mover

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Nissan Maxima 90-94 N15 A 988 177 1165 369 85 454 1 Large

Nissan Maxima / Cefiro 95-99 N15 B 1327 282 1609 449 104 553 1 Large

Nissan Maxima 00-02 N15 C 524 127 651 150 41 191 1 Large

Nissan Maxima / Teana 03-06 N15 D 3 0 3 7 1 8 0

Nissan Maxima Others N15 Z 45 16 61 295 79 374 0

Nissan Exa 83-86 N16 A 483 128 611 124 36 160 1 Small

Nissan Exa 87-91 N16 B 254 50 304 68 17 85 1 Small

Nissan EXA Others N16 Z 9 2 11 8 2 10 0

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 N17 Z 1002 225 1227 190 65 255 1 Small

Nissan 300C / Laurel 85-87 N20 Z 95 22 117 13 6 19 0

Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 N21 Z 1693 334 2027 251 87 338 1 Commercial - Ute

Nissan B120 N22 Z 135 32 167 22 10 32 0

Nissan H40 N23 Z 16 3 19 2 1 3 0

Nissan Navara 86-91 N24 A 4252 719 4971 632 230 862 1 Commercial - Ute

Nissan Navara 92-96 N24 B 2160 383 2543 332 120 452 1 Commercial - Ute

Nissan Navara 97-05 N24 C 3404 533 3937 410 196 606 1 Commercial - Ute

Nissan Navara Others N24 Z 307 81 388 106 23 129 0

Nissan Vans (Nomad / Urvan

/C22/E24/Vanette)

N25 Z 3724 878 4602 670 218 888 0

Nissan Patrol / Safari 82-87 N26 A 1580 229 1809 198 70 268 1 SUV - Large

Nissan / Ford Patrol / Maverick / Safari 88-97 N26 B 9222 1203 10425 1018 358 1376 1 SUV - Large

Nissan Patrol / Safari 98-11 N26 C 5610 869 6479 644 266 910 1 SUV - Large

Nissan Patrol Others N26 Z 212 39 251 33 17 50 0

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano 88-94 N27 Z 725 99 824 260 72 332 1 SUV - Medium

Nissan Sunny /120Y N28 Z 24 7 31 14 2 16 0

Nissan Serena 92-95 N30 Z 155 26 181 153 26 179 1 People Mover

Nissan Infiniti 93-97 N31 Z 3 0 3 . . . 0

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 N32 Z 1935 341 2276 881 180 1061 1 Medium

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 N33 Z 1618 275 1893 185 70 255 1 Medium

Nissan Micra 95-97 N34 Z 951 306 1257 214 66 280 1 Light

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano / Regulus 95-05 N36 Z 1388 241 1629 229 57 286 1 SUV - Medium

Nissan Terrano II 97-00 N38 Z 38 10 48 8 0 8 0

Nissan Pulsar / Bluebird Sylphy 00-05 N39 Z 7923 2503 10426 1618 479 2097 1 Small

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 N40 Z 2945 817 3762 560 165 725 1 SUV - Small

Nissan 350Z / Fairlady 03-09 N41 Z 226 61 287 43 18 61 1 Medium

Nissan Maxima 06-09 N42 Z 483 102 585 107 30 137 1 Large

Nissan Murano 05-08 N43 Z 212 37 249 30 7 37 1 SUV - Medium

Nissan Pathfinder 05-11 N44 Z 348 63 411 47 11 58 1 SUV - Medium

Nissan Navara 05-11 N45 Z 1105 215 1320 161 79 240 1 Commercial - Ute

Nissan Tiida 06-11 N46 Z 416 158 574 128 43 171 1 Small

Nissan Dualis 07-11 N47 Z 112 34 146 20 16 36 1 SUV - Small

Nissan Micra K12 / March 07-10 N48 Z 14 3 17 1 0 1 0

Nissan X-Trail 07-11 N49 Z 53 9 62 4 5 9 0

Nissan Maxima / Teana 09-11 N50 Z 11 1 12 3 0 3 0

Nissan 370Z 09-11 N51 Z 18 1 19 1 0 1 0

Nissan GT-R 09-11 N52 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Nissan Murano Z51 09-11 N53 Z 34 6 40 3 4 7 0

Nissan Others N99 Z 24051 3925 27976 6109 1981 8090 0

FSM NIKIZ 15 12 27 12 6 18 0

Lada Niva 84-99 NIVAZ 345 73 418 78 20 98 1 SUV - Small

Honda Civic 82-83 O1 A 686 159 845 457 112 569 1 Small

Honda Civic / Ballade / Shuttle 84-87 O1 B 2665 630 3295 1198 310 1508 1 Small

Honda Civic / Shuttle 88-91 O1 C 4584 1088 5672 1652 385 2037 1 Small

Honda Civic 92-95 O1 D 5645 1242 6887 1409 295 1704 1 Small

Honda Civic 96-00 O1 E 5938 1417 7355 1192 265 1457 1 Small

Honda Civic Others O1 Z 227 84 311 544 121 665 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Honda CRX 87-91 O10 A 394 91 485 279 87 366 1 Small

Honda CRX 92-98 O10 B 255 50 305 69 19 88 1 Small

Honda CRX Others O10 Z 11 4 15 35 11 46 0

Honda Odyssey 95-00 O17 A 604 114 718 316 43 359 1 People Mover

Honda Odyssey 00-02 O17 B 272 49 321 38 10 48 1 People Mover

Honda Odyssey Others O17 Z 12 1 13 10 2 12 0

Honda CR-V 97-01 O18 A 3264 633 3897 505 115 620 1 SUV - Medium

Honda CR-V 02-06 O18 B 2490 613 3103 413 92 505 1 SUV - Medium

Honda CR-V Others O18 Z 21 8 29 83 16 99 0

Honda HR-V 99-02 O19 Z 541 123 664 82 27 109 1 SUV - Small

Honda Legend 86-95 O2 B 939 125 1064 171 42 213 1 Large

Honda Legend 96-98 O2 C 100 9 109 11 1 12 0

Honda Legend 99-04 O2 D 62 9 71 8 1 9 0

Honda Legend Others O2 Z 12 8 20 57 12 69 0

Honda S2000 99-09 O20 Z 263 37 300 22 5 27 1 Small

Honda Civic 01-05 O21 Z 1901 442 2343 372 85 457 1 Small

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 O22 Z 1744 482 2226 491 113 604 1 Light

Honda Insight 01-04 O23 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Honda MDX 03-06 O24 Z 127 16 143 9 4 13 0

Honda Accord Euro 03-08 O25 Z 1882 414 2296 317 73 390 1 Medium

Honda Accord 03-07 O26 Z 973 214 1187 176 34 210 1 Medium

Honda Odyssey 04-09 O27 Z 489 105 594 68 12 80 1 People Mover

Honda Civic 06-11 O28 Z 1503 384 1887 286 82 368 1 Small

Honda Legend 06-11 O29 Z 8 5 13 3 1 4 0

Honda Accord 82-85 O3 A 2023 449 2472 1030 249 1279 1 Medium

Honda Accord 86-90 O3 B 2417 426 2843 988 210 1198 1 Medium

Honda Accord 91-93 O3 C 1796 264 2060 430 108 538 1 Medium

Honda Accord 94-98 O3 D 3843 651 4494 829 195 1024 1 Medium

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Honda Accord 99-02 O3 E 791 154 945 222 39 261 1 Medium

Honda Accord Others O3 Z 136 52 188 325 74 399 0

Honda CR-V 07-11 O30 Z 637 118 755 80 31 111 1 SUV - Medium

Honda Accord 08-11 O31 Z 290 50 340 31 20 51 1 Medium

Honda Accord Euro 08-11 O32 Z 184 41 225 29 7 36 1 Medium

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 O33 Z 244 80 324 57 23 80 1 Light

Honda Odyssey 09-11 O35 Z 29 4 33 1 1 2 0

Honda Insight Hybrid 10-11 O36 Z 3 0 3 2 1 3 0

Honda CR-Z 11-11 O37 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Honda Prelude 82-82 O4 A 215 38 253 32 6 38 1 Medium

Honda Prelude 83-91 O4 B 3710 646 4356 1345 333 1678 1 Medium

Honda Prelude 92-96 O4 C 1826 287 2113 407 103 510 1 Medium

Honda Prelude 97-02 O4 D 832 160 992 151 27 178 1 Medium

Honda Prelude Others O4 Z 59 25 84 158 32 190 0

Honda Integra 86-88 O5 A 665 134 799 360 90 450 1 Small

Honda Integra 89 O5 B 464 96 560 287 75 362 0

Honda Integra 90-92 O5 C 810 161 971 342 75 417 1 Small

Honda Integra 93 O5 D 256 47 303 40 10 50 0

Honda Integra 93-01 O5 E 1251 255 1506 409 85 494 1 Small

Honda Integra 02-06 O5 F 338 91 429 56 15 71 1 Small

Honda Integra Others O5 Z 39 21 60 114 28 142 0

Honda Concerto 89-93 O6 Z 579 134 713 246 62 308 1 Small

Honda NSX 91-02 O7 Z 19 2 21 4 1 5 0

Honda Acty 83-86 O8 Z 275 60 335 44 16 60 1 Commercial - Van

Honda City 83-86 O9 Z 353 136 489 653 141 794 1 Light

Honda City 09-11 O91 Z 89 20 109 21 4 25 1 Light

Honda Others O99 Z 4977 949 5926 1569 511 2080 0

Peugeot 205 87-94 PE1 Z 308 50 358 68 18 86 1 Light

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Peugeot 607 01-09 PE10Z 16 0 16 1 0 1 0

Peugeot 407 04-11 PE11Z 106 13 119 24 6 30 1 Medium

Peugeot 207 07-11 PE12Z 120 24 144 22 6 28 1 Light

Peugeot 308 08-11 PE13Z 100 31 131 28 5 33 1 Small

Peugeot Partner 08-11 PE15Z 4 1 5 1 0 1 0

Peugeot 3008 10-11 PE17Z 2 2 4 2 0 2 0

Peugeot RCZ 10-11 PE18Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Peugeot 405 89-97 PE2 Z 614 100 714 148 41 189 1 Medium


Peugeot 306 94-01 PE4 Z 1366 275 1641 317 58 375 1 Small

Peugeot 605 94-96 PE5 Z 35 4 39 7 2 9 0


Peugeot 206 99-07 PE8 Z 906 222 1128 160 43 203 1 Light

Peugeot 307 01-09 PE9 Z 787 167 954 164 25 189 1 Small

Peugeot Others PE99Z 433 59 492 132 35 167 0

Porsche 944 82-91 PO1 Z 103 12 115 15 7 22 1 Medium

Porsche 911 964 Series 90-93 PO2 B 6 0 6 1 0 1 0

Porsche 911 993 Series 94-98 PO2 C 6 0 6 1 0 1 0

Porsche 911 996 Series 99-05 PO2 D 44 6 50 6 2 8 0

Porsche 911 997 Series 06-11 PO2 E 1 0 1 1 1 2 0

Porsche 911 others PO2 Z 20 1 21 8 1 9 0

Porsche 968 92-95 PO4 Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Porsche Boxter / Cayman 986 Series 97-04 PO5 A 29 2 31 5 2 7 0

Porsche Boxter / Cayman 987 Series 05-11 PO5 B 9 1 10 1 0 1 0

Porsche Boxter / Cayman Others PO5 Z 4 0 4 2 1 3 0

Porsche Cayenne 03-10 PO6 Z 61 11 72 8 3 11 0

Porsche Cayenne 10-11 PO8 Z 5 0 5 . . . 0

Porsche Others PO99Z 880 95 975 85 36 121 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Proton Wira 95-96 PRO1Z 1330 450 1780 279 91 370 1 Small

Proton Satria 97-05 PRO2Z 206 57 263 28 6 34 1 Light

Proton Waja 01-05 PRO3Z 23 12 35 8 2 10 0

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 PRO4Z 164 52 216 30 15 45 1 Commercial - Ute

Proton Gen 2 04-11 PRO5Z 113 58 171 31 19 50 1 Small

Proton Satria 07-11 PRO6Z 13 5 18 4 4 8 0

Proton Savvy 06-11 PRO7Z 60 26 86 23 6 29 0

Proton Persona 08-11 PRO8Z 15 2 17 1 1 2 0

Proton S16 09-11 PRO9Z 10 3 13 1 2 3 0

Proton PROTZ 41 11 52 9 4 13 0

Renault 20 82-83 RE1 Z 19 4 23 7 4 11 0

Renault Megane Cabriolet 01-03 RE10Z 59 13 72 17 1 18 0

Renault Clio 01-08 RE11Z 251 67 318 60 16 76 1 Light

Renault Clio 08-11 RE22Z 1 0 1 2 0 2 0

Renault Megane II 03-10 RE12Z 166 39 205 30 6 36 1 Small

Renault Trafic 04-11 RE13Z 32 7 39 3 2 5 0

Renault Master 04-10 RE14Z 38 2 40 1 2 3 0

Renault Kangoo 04-11 RE15A 64 24 86 19 2 21 0

Renault Megane II Cabriolet 04-10 RE16Z 33 13 46 7 5 12 0

Renault Scenic II 05-09 RE17Z 13 4 17 3 2 5 0

Renault Grand Scenic 07-10 RE18Z 13 1 14 1 2 3 0

Renault Laguna III 08-11 RE19Z 1 0 1 2 0 2 0

Renault Feugo 82-87 RE2 Z 335 48 383 64 15 79 1 Medium

Renault Koleos 08-11 RE20Z 18 1 19 3 1 4 0

Renault Megane III 10-11 RE23Z 1 1 2 . . . 0

Renault Latitude 11-11 RE26Z 1 0 1 . . . 0

Renault 21 87-91 RE3 Z 24 5 29 7 2 9 0

Renault 25 85-91 RE4 Z 48 9 57 17 4 21 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Renault 19 91-96 RE5 Z 302 61 363 57 11 68 1 Small

Renault Laguna 95-96 RE7 Z 41 11 52 12 4 16 0

Renault Laguna II 02-08 RE8 Z 50 8 58 12 2 14 0

Renault Scenic 01-04 RE9 Z 256 64 320 58 7 65 1 Small

Renault Others RE99Z 412 57 469 72 13 85 0

Rover 3500 82-87 RO Z 179 30 209 37 4 41 1 Large

Rover 416i/827 RO1 Z 381 77 458 59 13 72 0

Land Rover Freelander 2 07-11 RO10Z 7 2 9 3 1 4 0

Rover Quintet 82-86 RO2 Z 245 65 310 71 20 91 1 Small

Rover 825 87-88 RO3 Z 35 5 40 18 3 21 0

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 RO4 Z 253 40 293 46 10 56 1 Small

Land Rover Freelander 98-06 RO5 Z 333 56 389 52 17 69 1 SUV - Small

MG ZT 02-05 RO6 Z 23 6 29 5 0 5 0

Rover 75 01-05 RO7 Z 107 20 127 21 6 27 1 Medium

MG ZR 05-05 RO9 Z 1 1 2 36 6 42 0

Rover Others RO99Z 679 94 773 197 57 254 0

Rolls Royce ROLLZ 41 6 47 4 3 7 0

Land Rover Range Rover 82-94 RROV1 978 141 1119 152 49 201 1 SUV - Large

Land Rover Range Rover 95-02 RROV2 220 39 259 47 10 57 1 SUV - Large

Land Rover Range Rover 02-05 RROV3 52 2 54 1 0 1 0

Land Rover Range Rover 05-11 RROV4 73 10 83 12 1 13 0

Land Rover Range Rover Evoque 11-11 RROV5 3 1 4 1 0 1 0

Range Rover Others RROVZ 12 8 20 9 3 12 0

Saab Others SA00Z 1319 148 1467 199 55 254 0

Saab 900 Series 82-92 SA1 A 1106 190 1296 184 50 234 1 Medium

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 SA1 B 1492 258 1750 206 39 245 1 Medium

Saab 900 Others SA1 Z 2 3 5 1 0 1 0

Saab 9000 86-97 SA2 Z 1106 183 1289 170 27 197 1 Medium

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Saab 9-5 98-05 SA3 Z 278 56 334 50 6 56 1 Large

Saab 9-5 03-11 SA4 Z 252 65 317 57 11 68 1 Medium

Saab 9-5 06-10 SA5 Z 49 12 61 9 1 10 0

Saab 900/9000 SA99Z 125 19 144 17 4 21 0

Lada Samara 88-90 SAMAZ 51 10 61 11 5 16 0

Seat Ibiza 95-99 SE01Z 5 2 7 4 1 5 0

Seat Cordoba 95-99 SE02Z 4 3 7 3 1 4 0

Seat Others SEATZ 458 87 545 42 14 56 0

Smart City-Coupe / ForTwo 03-11 SM01Z 29 9 38 17 2 19 0

Smart Roadster 03-06 SM02Z 10 0 10 . . . 0

Smart ForFour 04-06 SM03Z 2 1 3 4 0 4 0

Subaru 1800 / Leone / Omega / 4WD Wagon 82-93 SU1 Z 6633 1651 8284 1385 441 1826 1 Medium

Subaru Tribeca 06-11 SU10Z 153 38 191 20 4 24 1 SUV - Medium

Subaru Forester 08-11 SU11Z 481 109 590 58 19 77 1 SUV - Medium

Subaru Liberty / Legacy 89-93 SU2 A 5952 1192 7144 1590 391 1981 1 Medium

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 94-98 SU2 B 3037 621 3658 1048 230 1278 1 Medium

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 99-03 SU2 C 3829 738 4567 618 145 763 1 Medium

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 03-09 SU2 D 2266 399 2665 294 86 380 1 Medium

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback / Exiga 09-11 SU2 E 53 12 65 1 4 5 0

Subaru Liberty Others SU2 Z 111 36 147 358 95 453 0

Subaru Vortex 85-89 SU3 Z 70 18 88 49 7 56 0

Subaru Sherpa / Fiori / 700 / Rex 89-92 SU4 Z 671 333 1004 315 87 402 1 Light

Subaru SVX / Alcyone 92-95 SU5 Z 25 4 29 2 3 5 0

Subaru Brumby 82-92 SU6 Z 1674 509 2183 300 167 467 1 Commercial - Ute

Subaru Impreza 93-00 SU7 A 5326 1255 6581 1317 366 1683 1 Small

Subaru Impreza 01-07 SU7 B 3551 763 4314 530 150 680 1 Small

Subaru Impreza 07-11 SU7 C 504 119 623 77 27 104 1 Small

Subaru Impreza Others SU7 Z 37 8 45 40 11 51 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Subaru Forester 97-02 SU8 Z 2324 533 2861 449 110 559 1 SUV - Medium

Subaru Forester 02-08 SU9 Z 2538 545 3083 357 105 462 1 SUV - Medium

Subaru Others SU99Z 3505 743 4248 986 330 1316 0

Suzuki Swift 82-85 SZ01A 203 68 271 56 20 76 1 Light

Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 86-88 SZ01B 3758 1287 5045 1276 341 1617 1 Light

Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 89-99 SZ01C 18727 5537 24264 4128 1030 5158 1 Light

Suzuki Swift Others SZ01Z 158 59 217 119 36 155 0

Suzuki Vitara / Escudo 88-98 SZ02A 4134 1043 5177 856 259 1115 1 SUV - Small

Suzuki Grand Vitara 99-05 SZ02B 1054 291 1345 214 64 278 1 SUV - Medium

Suzuki Vitara Others SZ02Z 59 25 84 59 20 79 0

Suzuki Hatch / Alto 82-84 SZ03Z 804 380 1184 271 90 361 1 Light

Holden / Suzuki Scurry / Carry 82-00 SZ04Z 420 181 601 149 52 201 1 Commercial - Van

Suzuki Alto 85-00 SZ05Z 241 103 344 201 56 257 1 Light

Suzuki Mighty Boy 85-88 SZ06Z 438 198 636 141 44 185 1 Commercial - Ute

Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai / SJ410 /

SJ413

82-99 SZ07Z 4234 1321 5555 958 279 1237 1 SUV - Small

Suzuki Baleno / Cultus Crescent 95-02 SZ08Z 2064 527 2591 371 96 467 1 Small

Suzuki Carry 99-05 SZ09Z 114 26 140 27 7 34 1 Commercial - Van

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 SZ10Z 552 228 780 186 57 243 1 Light

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 SZ11Z 404 180 584 128 47 175 1 SUV - Small

Suzuki Liana 01-07 SZ12Z 488 153 641 128 33 161 1 Small

Suzuki Grand Vitara / Escudo 05-08 SZ13Z 351 120 471 75 28 103 1 SUV - Medium

Suzuki Swift 05-10 SZ14Z 2063 852 2915 646 211 857 1 Light

Suzuki APV 05-11 SZ15Z 59 20 79 18 3 21 0

Suzuki SX4 07-11 SZ16Z 209 53 263 43 17 60 1 SUV - Small

Suzuki Grand Vitara JT 08-11 SZ17Z 132 34 166 18 8 26 1 SUV - Medium

Suzuki Alto 09-11 SZ18Z 49 31 80 14 14 28 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Suzuki Kizashi 10-11 SZ19Z 11 4 15 3 3 6 0

Suzuki Swift 11-11 SZ20Z 19 15 34 2 7 9 0

Suzuki Others SZ99Z 2600 747 3347 853 309 1162 0

Toyota Corolla 82-84 T01 A 9690 2431 12121 2837 677 3514 1 Small

Toyota Corolla 85 T01 B 2964 729 3693 1122 267 1389 0

Toyota Corolla 86-88 T01 C 17333 4404 21737 3881 1013 4894 1 Small

Toyota Corolla 89 T01 D 2087 437 2524 396 113 509 0

Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 89-93 T01 E 31021 7788 38809 6422 1733 8155 1 Small

Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 94-97 T01 F 21072 5282 26354 4120 1032 5152 1 Small

Toyota Corolla / Allex 98-01 T01 G 7644 2058 9702 1592 326 1918 1 Small

Toyota Corolla 02-07 T01 H 13199 3737 16936 2534 703 3237 1 Small

Toyota Corolla 07-11 T01 I 2827 851 3678 566 233 799 1 Small

Toyota Corolla Others T01 Z 2 0 2 23 8 31 0

Toyota Corona 82-88 T03 Z 17824 3794 21618 3474 924 4398 1 Medium

Toyota Camry 83-86 T04 Z 3861 750 4611 619 168 787 1 Medium

Holden / Toyota Apollo JK/JL / Camry / Vista 88-92 T05 A 37269 7524 44793 5585 1571 7156 1 Medium

Holden / Toyota Apollo JM/JP / Camry / Sceptor 93-97 T05 B 28837 6216 35053 4266 1255 5521 1 Medium

Toyota Camry 98-02 T05 C 19611 4254 23865 2789 744 3533 1 Medium

Toyota Celica 81-85 T06 A 2556 491 3047 558 125 683 1 Medium

Toyota Celica 86-89 T06 B 2547 435 2982 409 103 512 1 Medium

Toyota Celica 90-93 T06 C 2811 533 3344 552 132 684 1 Medium

Toyota Celica 94-99 T06 D 1830 419 2249 388 77 465 1 Medium

Toyota Celica 00-05 T06 E 613 134 747 83 24 107 1 Medium

Toyota Celica Others T06 Z 62 26 88 81 24 105 0

Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 82-85 T07 A 2119 413 2532 423 126 549 1 Large

Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 86-88 T07 B 1064 157 1221 106 46 152 1 Large

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Toyota Cressida / Mark II 89-93 T07 C 2595 422 3017 304 93 397 1 Large

Toyota Crown / Cressida Others T07 Z 42 7 49 47 7 54 0

Toyota Tercel 83-88 T09 Z 512 118 630 164 36 200 1 Small

Toyota Lexcen Others T10 Z 1 0 1 2 0 2 0

Toyota Supra 82-90 T11 Z 607 110 717 105 39 144 1 Large

Toyota MR2 87-90 T12 A 283 69 352 120 41 161 1 Small

Toyota MR2 91-00 T12 B 220 42 262 113 24 137 1 Small

Toyota MR2 Others T12 Z 31 10 41 41 6 47 0

Toyota Paseo / Cynos 91-99 T13 Z 1757 407 2164 351 82 433 1 Small

Toyota T14 Z 10 4 14 4 1 5 0

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 82-86 T15 A 4591 864 5455 920 277 1197 1 Commercial - Van

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 87-89 T15 B 2441 433 2874 654 173 827 1 Commercial - Van

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 90-95 T15 C 6068 911 6979 877 277 1154 1 Commercial - Van

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 96-04 T15 D 6696 984 7680 928 241 1169 1 Commercial - Van

Toyota Hiace 05-11 T15 E 849 141 990 113 33 146 1 Commercial - Van

Toyota Hiace / Liteace Others T15 Z 1093 175 1268 301 82 383 0

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 82-85 T16 A 5693 1213 6906 826 357 1183 1 Commercial - Ute

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 86-88 T16 B 4498 893 5391 879 343 1222 1 Commercial - Ute

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 89-97 T16 C 21078 4159 25237 3276 1379 4655 1 Commercial - Ute

Toyota Hilux 98-02 T16 D 7972 1563 9535 1036 412 1448 1 Commercial - Ute

Toyota Hilux 03-04 T16 E 2515 521 3036 346 151 497 1 Commercial - Ute

Toyota Hilux 05-11 T16 F 6074 1148 7222 693 344 1037 1 Commercial - Ute

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux Others T16 Z 982 317 1299 421 152 573 0

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 T17 Z 705 128 833 162 38 200 1 Large

Toyota Tarago 83-89 T18 A 4956 1276 6232 824 273 1097 1 People Mover

Toyota Tarago 90 T18 B 191 29 220 243 33 276 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 91-99 T18 C 3812 658 4470 458 118 576 1 People Mover

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 00-06 T18 D 1261 227 1488 154 41 195 1 People Mover

Toyota Tarago Others T18 Z 120 32 152 23 9 32 0

Toyota Commercials T19 Z 5903 1015 6918 630 182 812 0

Toyota Landcruiser 82-89 T20 A 8610 1500 10110 1039 509 1548 1 SUV - Large

Toyota Landcruiser 90-97 T20 B 14093 2170 16263 1575 694 2269 1 SUV - Large

Toyota Landcruiser 98-07 T20 C 8111 1601 9712 1074 511 1585 1 SUV - Large

Toyota Landcruiser Others T20 Z 667 203 870 178 86 264 0

Toyota RAV4 94-00 T21 A 3600 894 4494 755 205 960 1 SUV - Medium

Toyota RAV4 01-06 T21 B 3583 875 4458 573 161 734 1 SUV - Medium

Toyota RAV4 Others T21 Z 60 15 75 19 6 25 0

Toyota Starlet 96-99 T22 Z 4873 1537 6410 1120 319 1439 1 Light

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 T25 Z 235 39 274 36 7 43 1 Large

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 T26 Z 843 155 998 75 10 85 1 Medium

Toyota Echo 99-05 T27 Z 6814 2240 9054 1558 475 2033 1 Light

Lexus GS300 97-04 T28 Z 194 25 219 13 4 17 0

Toyota Avalon 00-05 T29 Z 3351 730 4081 526 150 676 1 Large

Toyota MR2 00-05 T30 Z 121 34 155 16 4 20 1 Small

Lexus LS430 00-04 T31 Z 59 4 63 4 0 4 0

Toyota Corolla 4WD Wagon 92-96 T32 Z 588 123 711 68 17 85 1 Small

Toyota Spacia 93-00 T33 A 214 55 269 32 11 43 1 People Mover

Toyota Spacia 01-02 T33 B 22 6 28 4 1 5 0

Toyota Spacia Others T33 Z 2 0 2 . . . 0

Lexus ES300 01-05 T34 Z 138 16 154 7 4 11 0

Lexus SC430 01-10 T35 Z 29 2 31 3 0 3 0


MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Toyota Prius 01-02 T37 Z 36 4 40 3 1 4 0

Toyota Avensis Verso 01-10 T38 Z 210 43 253 25 9 34 1 People Mover

Toyota Prius II 03-09 T39 Z 411 91 502 84 27 111 1 Small

Toyota Kluger / Highlander 03-07 T40 Z 1103 229 1332 133 48 181 1 SUV - Large

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 96-03 T41 Z 1784 341 2125 197 94 291 1 SUV - Large

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 03-09 T42 Z 3072 571 3643 339 141 480 1 SUV - Large

Lexus RX330 03-05 T43 Z 333 44 377 26 10 36 1 SUV - Medium

Lexus GS300/450h/460 05-11 T44 Z 72 6 78 8 2 10 0

Toyota Yaris / Vitz 05-11 T45 Z 3644 1189 4833 807 234 1041 1 Light

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 T48 Z 415 70 485 38 9 47 1 Medium

Lexus RX350/400h/450h 06-11 T49 Z 169 13 182 14 5 19 0

Toyota Aurion 06-11 T50 Z 1562 318 1880 204 58 262 1 Large


Toyota Rav4 06-11 T52 Z 1582 369 1951 227 95 322 1 SUV - Medium

Toyota Tarago 06-11 T54 Z 377 84 461 43 12 55 1 People Mover

Lexus LS460 / 600hL 07-11 T55 Z 9 0 9 . . . 0

Toyota Kluger / Highlander 07-11 T57 Z 669 120 789 84 19 103 1 SUV - Large

Toyota Landcruiser 200 Series 07-11 T58 Z 266 32 298 17 11 28 1 SUV - Large

Lexus LX570 08-11 T60 Z 9 1 10 . . . 0

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 09-11 T61 Z 100 18 118 8 4 12 0

Toyota Prius III 09-11 T62 Z 1 1 2 3 0 3 0

Toyota Rukus 10-11 T64 Z 3 3 6 2 1 3 0

Toyota FJ Cruiser 11-11 T65 Z 4 2 6 2 0 2 0

Lexus CT200h 11-11 T67 Z 3 1 4 . . . 0

Toyota Others T99 Z 30664 5219 35883 9135 3172 12307 0

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 V877Z 2039 372 2411 293 66 359 1 Large

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 VO02Z 3372 496 3868 361 101 462 1 Medium

Volvo 300 Series 84-88 VO03Z 193 28 221 35 13 48 1 Small

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 VO07Z 2300 375 2675 312 58 370 1 Large

Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 VO10Z 143 30 173 25 5 30 1 Large

Volvo S80 98-06 VO11Z 100 13 113 16 2 18 0

Volvo S60 01-09 VO12Z 193 31 224 27 4 31 1 Medium

Volvo XC90 03-11 VO13Z 192 21 213 18 5 23 1 SUV - Large

Volvo S40/V50 04-11 VO14Z 107 28 135 26 1 27 1 Medium

Volvo S80 A-Series 07-11 VO15Z 8 2 10 1 1 2 0

Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 VO16Z 129 23 152 26 6 32 1 Large

Volvo C30 07-11 VO17Z 13 3 16 5 1 6 0

Volvo V70 / XC70 BW Series 08-11 VO18Z 12 0 12 . . . 0

Volvo C70 99-05 VO19Z 2 0 2 1 0 1 0

Volvo C70 M series 06-11 VO20Z 14 1 15 1 0 1 0

Volvo XC60 09-11 VO21Z 13 3 16 4 2 6 0

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 VO40Z 875 167 1042 145 23 168 1 Small

Volvo Others VO99Z 3458 442 3900 562 155 717 0

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 88-94 VS01A 369 51 420 29 7 36 1 Commercial - Van

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 95-04 VS01B 1111 185 1296 112 20 132 1 Commercial - Van

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter Others VS01Z 125 20 145 10 3 13 0

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 VS02A 248 51 299 78 18 96 1 Small

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 VS02B 1274 235 1509 174 36 210 1 Small

Volkswagen Golf / Bora 99-04 VS02C 2232 504 2736 461 69 530 1 Small

Volkswagen Golf Others VS02Z 7 2 9 6 1 7 0

Volkswagen Kombi VS03Z 9 4 13 3 1 4 0

Volkswagen Passat 95-97 VS04A 51 8 59 9 1 10 0

MAKE/MODEL MODEL

CODE

No. of

uninjured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

involved

drivers in

NSW (87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA (91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

(but not

severely)

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

severely

injured

drivers in

NSW and

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2010)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

No. of

injured

drivers in

NSW,

Victoria

(87-2011)

and

QLD (91-2011)

and

WA, NZ

(91-2011)

and

SA (95-2011)

ANALYSIS

INCLUSION

CRITERIA

INV=100

INJ=20

MARKET

GROUP

Volkswagen Passat 98-06 VS04B 475 77 552 101 17 118 1 Medium

Volkswagen Passat Others VS04Z 13 4 17 5 1 6 0

Volkswagen 70E Pick Up VS07Z 24 1 25 5 1 6 0

Volkswagen Polo 96-00 VS08A 559 169 728 167 28 195 1 Light

Volkswagen Polo 01-02 VS08B 76 23 99 23 7 30 0

Volkswagen Polo Others VS08Z 6 1 7 2 1 3 0

Volkswagen New Beetle 00-11 VS10Z 366 100 466 104 21 125 1 Small

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 VS11Z 360 105 465 88 23 111 1 Light

Volkswagen LT 03-06 VS12Z 38 6 44 9 3 12 0

Volkswagen Touareg 03-10 VS13Z 131 21 152 15 6 21 1 SUV - Large

Volkswagen Transporter 04-11 VS14Z 129 23 152 10 4 14 0

Volkswagen Golf / Jetta 04-11 VS15Z 1374 307 1681 263 70 333 1 Small

Volkswagen Caddy 05-11 VS16Z 206 59 265 38 15 53 1 Commercial - Van

Volkswagen Multivan 04-11 VS17Z 38 8 46 9 2 11 0

Volkswagen Passat 06-11 VS18Z 136 21 157 34 11 45 1 Medium

Volkswagen Crafter 07-11 VS19Z 19 0 19 3 0 3 0

Volkswagen EOS 07-11 VS20Z 55 18 73 13 5 18 0

Skoda Roomster 07-11 VS30Z 2 0 2 . . . 0

Skoda Octavia / Scout 07-11 VS31Z 15 1 16 1 0 1 0

Skoda Superb 09-11 VS32Z 2 0 2 . . . 0

Volkswagen Tiguan 08-11 VS33Z 34 11 45 20 4 24 0

Volkswagen Polo 10-11 VS34Z 1 0 1 3 0 3 0

Volkswagen Amarok 11-11 VS36Z 1 1 2 1 0 1 0

Volkswagen Others VS99Z 400 64 464 88 30 118 0

Unknown 327570 104844 432414 79981 30418 110399

Total 2550023 578498 3128521 518320 156924 675244 533

APPENDIX 2

LOGISTIC REGRESSION ESTIMATES OF CRASHWORTHINESS INJURY RISK BY MODEL AND MARKET GROUP

CRASHWORTHINESS INJURY RISK RATINGS

New South Wales Data (1987-2011), South Australia (1995-2011),

Queensland Data (1991-2010), Western Australia Data (1991-2011)

Make Model of Car Years of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

ALL VEHICLE AVERAGE 17.86

Small Sports Utility Vehicles 20.45 19.97 20.94 0.97

Daihatsu Feroza / Rocky 89-97 22.05 19.80 24.49 4.69

Daihatsu Rocky / Rugger 85-98 23.90 20.70 27.43 6.73

Daihatsu Terios 97-05 25.14 22.86 27.57 4.71

Holden Cruze 02-06 21.81 19.46 24.35 4.89

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 13.88 10.66 17.87 7.20

Mitsubishi Pajero iO 99-03 15.53 10.81 21.81 11.01

Mitsubishi Outlander 03-06 16.81 14.44 19.46 5.02

Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 12.16 10.01 14.70 4.69

Kia Sportage 98-03 18.27 16.14 20.61 4.47

Kia Sportage KM 05-10 16.00 11.79 21.35 9.56

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 16.55 15.45 17.71 2.26

Nissan Dualis 07-11 13.83 9.29 20.09 10.80

Lada Niva 84-99 20.68 16.70 25.31 8.61

Honda HR-V 99-02 17.19 14.50 20.27 5.77

Land Rover Freelander 98-06 14.23 11.06 18.12 7.06

Suzuki Vitara / Escudo 88-98 22.65 21.42 23.94 2.52

Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai / SJ410 /

SJ413

82-99 28.67 27.33 30.03 2.70

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 23.41 20.19 26.96 6.76

Suzuki SX4 07-11 14.56 11.02 18.99 7.96

Medium Sports Utility Vehicles 15.12 14.83 15.41 0.58

Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 13.56 10.20 17.81 7.61

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 82-91 22.35 19.83 25.10 5.27



Holden Frontera / Mu 95-03 16.92 14.21 20.02 5.81

Holden Adventra 03-06 15.05 11.85 18.93 7.08

Holden Captiva CG 06-11 13.95 12.07 16.07 4.01

Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 15.93 13.58 18.59 5.01

Hyundai Terracan 01-07 14.48 11.45 18.16 6.72

Mitsubishi Pajero 82-90 20.48 18.81 22.25 3.44


Mitsubishi Pajero NM / NP 00-06 11.10 9.94 12.38 2.44

Mitsubishi Pajero NS / NT / NW 07-11 8.47 6.21 11.47 5.26

Mitsubishi Challenger 98-06 14.94 12.84 17.33 4.49

Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 15.49 13.78 17.36 3.58

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 16.62 13.54 20.24 6.70

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 12.38 9.83 15.48 5.64

Jeep Wrangler 05-11 13.24 8.77 19.51 10.74


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Land Rover Defender 92-11 14.56 11.61 18.10 6.48

Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 01-06 14.86 13.57 16.24 2.67

Mazda CX-7 06-11 12.73 10.07 15.97 5.90

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano 88-94 14.15 11.67 17.05 5.38

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano / Regulus 95-05 13.29 11.73 15.03 3.29

Nissan Murano 05-08 11.81 8.56 16.08 7.52

Nissan Pathfinder 05-11 10.88 8.44 13.92 5.48

Honda CR-V 97-01 14.85 13.77 16.00 2.23

Honda CR-V 02-06 16.06 14.86 17.34 2.48

Honda CR-V 07-11 11.71 9.78 13.96 4.18

Subaru Tribeca 06-11 15.54 11.30 20.99 9.69

Subaru Forester 08-11 14.20 11.75 17.06 5.31

Subaru Forester 97-02 15.66 14.40 17.01 2.61

Subaru Forester 02-08 13.61 12.51 14.79 2.27

Suzuki Grand Vitara 99-05 16.70 14.88 18.70 3.82

Suzuki Grand Vitara / Escudo 05-08 15.48 12.79 18.61 5.82

Suzuki Grand Vitara JT 08-11 14.21 9.93 19.94 10.01

Toyota RAV4 94-00 18.19 17.07 19.37 2.30

Toyota RAV4 01-06 15.49 14.50 16.53 2.03

Lexus RX330 03-05 10.18 7.60 13.49 5.89

Toyota RAV4 06-11 13.17 11.85 14.60 2.74

Large Sports Utility Vehicles 12.82 12.58 13.06 0.48

BMW X5 01-08 9.72 8.03 11.72 3.69

Ford Bronco 82-87 17.72 12.54 24.43 11.89

Ford Explorer 00-01 18.97 15.88 22.50 6.63

Ford Explorer 01-05 12.67 10.00 15.92 5.91

Ford Territory SX/SY 04-11 12.23 11.04 13.54 2.50

Jeep Grand Cherokee ZG 96-99 14.42 11.11 18.51 7.40

Jeep Grand Cherokee WG 99-05 11.76 8.98 15.26 6.27

Kia Sorento 03-09 12.45 9.78 15.72 5.94

Land Rover Discovery 91-02 14.19 12.58 15.97 3.39

Mercedes Benz M-Class W163 98-05 10.44 8.43 12.86 4.43

Nissan Patrol / Safari 82-87 16.48 14.61 18.55 3.95

Nissan / Ford Patrol / Maverick / Safari 88-97 12.93 12.23 13.66 1.43


Land Rover Range Rover 82-94 15.98 13.67 18.59 4.92


Toyota Landcruiser 82-89 17.16 16.35 18.01 1.66



Toyota Kluger / Highlander 03-07 13.46 11.82 15.29 3.47

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 96-03 12.03 10.79 13.38 2.59



Toyota Landcruiser 200 Series 07-11 6.65 4.56 9.60 5.04

Volvo XC90 03-11 7.55 4.92 11.41 6.50

Volkswagen Touareg 03-10 10.89 7.07 16.41 9.34

Commercial - Utes 15.77 15.57 15.97 0.41

Ford / Nissan Falcon Ute / XFN Ute 82-95 17.84 17.09 18.62 1.53


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 17.13 15.78 18.57 2.79

Ford Falcon Ute AU 00-02 14.24 13.12 15.43 2.31

Ford Falcon Ute BA/BF 03-08 12.37 11.36 13.45 2.09

Ford Ford F-Series 82-92 15.59 13.32 18.16 4.83

Ford F-Series 01-06 8.60 6.30 11.64 5.34

Holden Commodore Ute VG/VP 90-93 17.92 16.31 19.66 3.36

Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 82-85 22.28 19.33 25.53 6.20



Holden Rodeo 96-98 17.33 16.15 18.58 2.42

Holden Rodeo 99-02 16.67 15.60 17.80 2.20

Holden WB Series 82-85 18.09 16.31 20.02 3.71

Holden Commodore Ute VR/VS 94-00 17.01 16.26 17.80 1.54

Holden Commodore VU Ute 00-02 14.04 12.86 15.31 2.46

Holden Commodore VY/VZ Ute 02-07 13.83 13.06 14.65 1.59

Holden Rodeo 03-08 14.78 13.91 15.69 1.78

Holden Commodore VE Ute 07-11 13.94 11.71 16.52 4.81

Holden Colorado RC 08-11 15.45 12.55 18.87 6.32

Mitsubishi Triton MK 96-06 13.72 12.35 15.21 2.86

Mitsubishi Triton ML / MN 06-11 13.80 12.15 15.64 3.48

Kia Ceres 92-00 21.74 19.62 24.02 4.40

Kia K2700 02-08 14.78 10.45 20.51 10.06

Ford / Mazda Courier / B-Series / Bounty 98-02 15.19 13.89 16.58 2.70

Ford / Mazda Courier / Bravo / Bounty 03-06 16.32 14.83 17.93 3.10

Ford / Mazda Ranger / BT-50 06-11 13.54 12.23 14.97 2.74

Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 21.45 19.45 23.60 4.15

Nissan Navara 86-91 18.79 17.56 20.09 2.53

Nissan Navara 92-96 17.33 15.75 19.03 3.27

Nissan Navara 97-05 11.71 10.75 12.75 2.00

Nissan Navara 05-11 12.11 10.54 13.89 3.36

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 17.82 13.44 23.24 9.80

Subaru Brumby 82-92 23.79 21.93 25.74 3.81

Suzuki Mighty Boy 85-88 39.60 35.44 43.92 8.48

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 82-85 21.06 19.98 22.18 2.20



Toyota Hilux 98-02 15.37 14.63 16.14 1.50

Toyota Hilux 03-04 14.70 13.49 15.99 2.50

Toyota Hilux 05-11 12.39 11.67 13.16 1.49

Commercial - Vans 18.08 17.68 18.48 0.80

Daihatsu Handivan 82-90 37.25 34.02 40.61 6.60

Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 45.90 38.63 53.34 14.71

Daihatsu Handivan / Cuore 99-03 30.37 25.69 35.50 9.81

Ford Falcon Panel Van 82-95 18.83 17.48 20.27 2.79


Ford Transit 95-00 15.28 13.27 17.53 4.26

Ford Transit 01-07 10.77 8.99 12.85 3.86

Fiat Ducato 02-07 9.52 5.14 16.98 11.84

Holden Shuttle / WFR Van 82-87 25.00 21.16 29.28 8.12

Hyundai iLoad 08-11 12.18 8.11 17.90 9.79

Mitsubishi Commercial - Van 94-11 18.75 16.20 21.59 5.39


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Kia Pregio 02-06 18.21 15.73 20.99 5.26

Mercedes Benz MB100 / MB140 99-04 12.76 9.81 16.42 6.61

Mercedes Benz Vito 99-04 12.04 9.61 14.97 5.35

Mercedes Benz Sprinter 98-06 14.87 12.31 17.85 5.55

Mercedes Benz Vito / Viano 04-11 10.81 6.88 16.61 9.73

Honda Acty 83-86 18.44 14.50 23.17 8.68

Holden / Suzuki Scurry / Carry 82-00 37.26 33.03 41.70 8.67

Suzuki Carry 99-05 18.65 12.80 26.37 13.57

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 82-86 24.74 23.34 26.19 2.85




Toyota Hiace 05-11 15.76 13.48 18.34 4.86

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 88-94 15.68 12.11 20.08 7.97


Volkswagen Caddy 05-11 20.91 16.38 26.31 9.93

Large Cars 16.73 16.59 16.88 0.29

Audi A8 95-03 10.69 6.52 17.04 10.52

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 12.88 9.63 17.02 7.40

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 15.72 13.39 18.36 4.97

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 16.59 14.23 19.26 5.02

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 11.79 9.94 13.94 4.00

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 11.24 7.01 17.53 10.52

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 17.40 13.55 22.06 8.51

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 10.30 6.83 15.26 8.43

Chrysler 300C 06-10 11.15 7.33 16.59 9.26

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 19.58 19.18 19.97 0.79

Ford Fairlane Z & LTD F 82-87 19.10 18.06 20.18 2.13

Ford Falcon EA / Falcon EB Series I 88-Mar 92 18.73 18.33 19.14 0.81

Ford Falcon EB Series II / Falcon ED Apr 92-94 17.32 16.79 17.87 1.07

Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 88-94 15.62 14.63 16.67 2.04


Ford Fairlane & LTD AU 99-02 16.52 14.64 18.59 3.95

Ford Fairlane & LTD BA/BF 03-07 12.52 10.60 14.74 4.14

Ford Falcon FG 08-11 11.49 10.04 13.11 3.07

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 17.27 16.91 17.63 0.72

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 16.51 16.08 16.95 0.88

Ford Taurus 96-98 19.03 16.00 22.48 6.47

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 14.43 13.98 14.88 0.90

Holden / Toyota Commodore VN/VP / Lexcen 89-93 19.40 19.04 19.76 0.71

Holden Statesman/Caprice WB 82-85 18.50 12.67 26.21 13.54

Holden Stateman/Caprice VQ 90-93 17.04 14.27 20.22 5.94

Holden Stateman/Caprice VR/VS 94-98 16.87 15.83 17.96 2.13

Holden / Toyota Commodore VR/VS / Lexcen 93-97 18.12 17.79 18.47 0.68

Holden Commodore VT/VX 97-02 17.28 16.95 17.62 0.68

Holden Statesman/Caprice WH 99-03 16.47 14.84 18.25 3.41

Holden Commodore VY/VZ 02-07 15.87 15.37 16.38 1.01

Holden Monaro 01-05 15.80 13.71 18.14 4.43

Holden Statesman/Caprice WK/WL 03-06 14.07 11.98 16.46 4.48

Holden Commodore VB-VL 82-88 20.95 20.54 21.37 0.83

Holden Commodore VE 06-11 14.88 14.13 15.66 1.53


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Holden Statesman/Caprice WM 06-11 12.47 8.96 17.11 8.15

Hyundai Sonata 89-97 20.07 18.89 21.31 2.43

Hyundai Grandeaur / XG 99-00 16.77 13.65 20.43 6.77

Mitsubishi Magna TM/TN/TP / Sigma /

V3000

85-90 20.77 20.25 21.31 1.06



96-03 17.58 17.09 18.09 1.00


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 18.61 18.12 19.10 0.98

Mitsubishi Magna TL/TW / Verada KL/KW 03-05 16.41 15.07 17.84 2.77

Mitsubishi 380 05-08 14.76 12.95 16.76 3.81

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 19.84 15.65 24.83 9.18

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 14.43 11.49 17.97 6.48

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 10.47 7.35 14.70 7.35

Kia Optima 01-06 20.51 14.74 27.81 13.08

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 21.63 20.18 23.15 2.98

Mazda 929 / Sentia / Efini MS-9 92-96 18.66 14.35 23.90 9.56

Mercedes Benz E-Class W123 82-85 16.41 13.29 20.10 6.81



Mercedes Benz S-Class W126 82-92 16.59 14.34 19.11 4.78


Nissan Skyline 83-88 19.91 18.84 21.03 2.19

Nissan 300ZX / Fairlady Z 90-95 20.89 17.70 24.48 6.78

Nissan Maxima 90-94 19.05 16.63 21.73 5.11

Nissan Maxima / Cefiro 95-99 18.04 16.15 20.11 3.97

Nissan Maxima 00-02 18.11 15.31 21.28 5.97

Nissan Maxima 06-09 14.47 11.93 17.45 5.52

Honda Legend 86-95 14.96 12.67 17.57 4.90

Rover 3500 82-87 21.91 15.81 29.54 13.73

Saab 9-5 98-05 16.89 13.16 21.42 8.26

Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 82-85 21.24 19.47 23.13 3.66


Toyota Cressida / Mark II 89-93 16.30 14.89 17.81 2.92

Toyota Supra 82-90 20.57 17.36 24.20 6.84

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 17.48 14.86 20.44 5.58

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 14.66 10.82 19.57 8.75

Toyota Avalon 00-05 15.62 14.55 16.75 2.20

Toyota Aurion 06-11 13.80 12.37 15.36 3.00

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 16.60 15.07 18.24 3.16

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 17.29 15.73 18.96 3.22

Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 18.00 12.76 24.77 12.00

Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 11.48 7.58 17.03 9.45

Medium Cars 17.93 17.75 18.10 0.34

Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 14.90 9.01 23.63 14.62

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 16.73 13.88 20.03 6.14

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 16.32 12.64 20.81 8.17

Audi A4 95-01 15.29 13.19 17.66 4.47

Audi TT 99-06 14.77 10.16 20.99 10.83

Audi A4 01-08 13.54 11.46 15.93 4.46

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 12.58 9.06 17.19 8.13

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 14.83 12.71 17.23 4.52


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 18.51 17.25 19.85 2.60

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 18.29 17.30 19.32 2.02

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 17.41 16.27 18.61 2.35

Chrysler PT Cruiser 00-10 16.20 12.41 20.87 8.46

Citroen C5 01-08 14.17 9.57 20.49 10.92

Daewoo Espero 95-97 24.46 21.92 27.19 5.27

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 19.22 16.89 21.79 4.90

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 20.15 14.80 26.83 12.03

Ford Mondeo 95-01 16.82 15.44 18.29 2.86

Ford Mondeo 07-11 16.64 12.52 21.77 9.25

Ford Probe 94-98 22.34 17.79 27.66 9.87

Ford Cougar 99-03 17.54 15.33 20.00 4.68

Holden Calibra 94-97 18.09 14.62 22.18 7.56

Holden Camira 82-89 25.65 24.91 26.41 1.50

Holden Vectra 97-03 17.77 16.72 18.87 2.15

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 16.24 13.58 19.31 5.73

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 18.70 16.74 20.85 4.11

Hyundai Sonata EF 02-05 20.32 16.70 24.51 7.81

Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 19.19 14.21 25.39 11.19

Hyundai Sonata NF 05-10 21.37 17.00 26.51 9.50

Mitsubishi Sigma / Galant / Sapporo /

Lambda

82-84 22.72 21.89 23.57 1.68

Mitsubishi Starion 82-87 24.38 18.23 31.81 13.58

Mitsubishi Galant 95-96 21.12 19.18 23.19 4.00

Jaguar X-Type 02-10 12.10 8.87 16.31 7.44

Kia Credos 98-01 24.31 17.16 33.24 16.09

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 83-86 22.07 21.21 22.95 1.74


Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella /

Cronos

92-97 17.15 16.27 18.08 1.81

Mazda 626 98-02 17.37 15.97 18.86 2.89

Mazda RX7 82-85 23.66 20.32 27.37 7.06

Mazda RX7 86-91 18.08 14.33 22.56 8.23

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 23.47 19.57 27.89 8.32

Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 15.06 9.88 22.28 12.40

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 16.45 15.24 17.74 2.51

Mazda RX-8 03-11 12.68 9.68 16.44 6.75

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 15.50 12.14 19.59 7.45

Mercedes Benz C-Class W201 87-93 18.12 15.74 20.77 5.03


Mercedes Benz CLK C208 97-03 16.58 12.51 21.66 9.15

Mercedes Benz SLK R170 97-04 16.46 12.30 21.68 9.38




Nissan Pintara 86-88 20.37 19.32 21.47 2.14

Nissan / Ford Pintara / Corsair / Bluebird 89-92 21.86 21.02 22.72 1.70

Nissan Bluebird 82-86 23.26 22.45 24.09 1.64

Nissan 280ZX 82-84 19.02 12.47 27.90 15.43

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 16.65 15.05 18.37 3.32

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 15.85 14.15 17.71 3.56

Nissan 350Z / Fairlady 03-09 19.00 14.85 23.98 9.13

Honda Accord Euro 03-08 15.83 14.41 17.35 2.95


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Accord 03-07 15.28 13.41 17.36 3.95

Honda Accord 82-85 23.69 21.82 25.67 3.85

Honda Accord 86-90 18.88 17.31 20.57 3.26

Honda Accord 91-93 15.27 13.62 17.07 3.45

Honda Accord 94-98 16.13 15.00 17.34 2.33

Honda Accord 99-02 15.91 13.67 18.44 4.77

Honda Accord 08-11 12.46 9.45 16.25 6.80


Honda Prelude 82-82 20.50 15.30 26.91 11.61

Honda Prelude 83-91 20.25 18.88 21.69 2.81

Honda Prelude 92-96 17.82 16.01 19.78 3.77

Honda Prelude 97-02 17.62 15.23 20.31 5.08

Peugeot 407 04-11 8.58 4.86 14.71 9.85

Peugeot 405 89-97 16.83 13.99 20.12 6.13

Peugeot 505 82-93 14.15 11.64 17.11 5.47

Peugeot 406 96-04 11.34 8.30 15.29 6.99

Porsche 944 82-91 16.76 9.82 27.12 17.29

Renault Feugo 82-87 19.61 15.16 24.97 9.81

Rover 75 01-05 15.86 10.36 23.52 13.15

Saab 900 Series 82-92 18.48 16.20 20.99 4.78

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 15.44 13.75 17.31 3.57

Saab 9000 86-97 16.85 14.71 19.22 4.52

Saab 9-3 03-11 18.21 14.42 22.74 8.32

Subaru 1800 / Leone / Omega / 4WD

Wagon

82-93 22.60 21.61 23.62 2.02

Subaru Liberty / Legacy 89-93 19.34 18.34 20.38 2.04

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 94-98 16.76 15.54 18.06 2.52



Toyota Corona 82-88 22.73 22.06 23.40 1.34

Toyota Camry 83-86 21.84 20.48 23.25 2.77

Holden / Toyota Apollo JK/JL / Camry / Vista 88-92 19.24 18.81 19.68 0.86

Holden / Toyota Apollo JM/JP / Camry / Sceptor 93-97 20.08 19.60 20.57 0.98

Toyota Camry 98-02 17.08 16.58 17.60 1.02

Toyota Celica 81-85 22.64 20.92 24.45 3.53

Toyota Celica 86-89 19.48 17.88 21.19 3.31

Toyota Celica 90-93 19.98 18.48 21.56 3.08

Toyota Celica 94-99 20.87 19.10 22.76 3.65

Toyota Celica 00-05 16.48 13.98 19.34 5.36

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 15.33 13.19 17.76 4.57

Toyota Camry 02-06 16.73 16.02 17.45 1.43

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 12.40 9.83 15.52 5.69

Toyota Camry 06-11 14.58 13.43 15.82 2.39

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 15.80 14.54 17.13 2.59

Volvo S60 01-09 11.81 8.33 16.48 8.16

Volvo S40/V50 04-11 17.59 12.23 24.65 12.42

Volkswagen Passat 98-06 13.81 11.13 17.00 5.87


People Movers 18.38 17.97 18.79 0.82

Chrysler Voyager 97-01 13.83 11.32 16.81 5.49

Holden Zafira TT 01-05 16.24 13.30 19.68 6.39


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot / Spacewagon 85-91 23.75 20.01 27.94 7.93

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot 92-98 20.32 17.83 23.07 5.24

Mitsubishi Nimbus 99-03 13.39 10.47 16.97 6.50

Mitsubishi Starwagon / L300 83-86 28.02 26.34 29.75 3.41

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Starwagon 87-93 23.30 22.16 24.48 2.32

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Spacegear 95-03 20.12 18.55 21.79 3.24

Kia Carens 00-02 24.80 17.53 33.85 16.33

Kia Carnival 99-06 13.53 11.97 15.27 3.30

Kia Carnival 06-11 11.07 8.64 14.06 5.42

Mazda MPV 94-99 14.08 11.07 17.74 6.68

Mazda MPV 00-06 10.40 7.53 14.20 6.67

Nissan Prairie 84-86 24.99 20.73 29.79 9.06

Nissan Serena 92-95 15.77 10.86 22.34 11.48

Honda Odyssey 95-00 14.93 12.50 17.74 5.24

Honda Odyssey 00-02 12.60 9.54 16.47 6.94

Honda Odyssey 04-09 13.54 11.20 16.28 5.07

Toyota Tarago 83-89 24.92 23.72 26.15 2.43

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 91-99 15.24 14.16 16.38 2.22


Toyota Spacia 93-00 18.75 14.52 23.86 9.34

Toyota Avensis Verso 01-10 14.42 10.78 19.03 8.25

Toyota Tarago 06-11 14.36 11.58 17.67 6.09

Small Cars 20.41 20.24 20.59 0.34

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 21.41 18.17 25.04 6.87

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 19.88 14.52 26.62 12.10

Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 17.33 11.39 25.48 14.09

Alfa Romeo Sprint 82-88 24.41 17.08 33.60 16.52

Alfa Romeo Alfasud 82-84 23.82 16.31 33.40 17.08

Audi A3 04-09 12.43 8.24 18.33 10.10

Audi A3/S3 97-04 16.99 14.00 20.47 6.48

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 17.17 13.87 21.08 7.21

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 16.87 13.80 20.46 6.66

Chrysler Neon 96-99 19.15 16.26 22.41 6.16

Chrysler Neon 00-02 17.91 12.77 24.54 11.77

Citroen BX 86-94 4.94 1.86 12.49 10.64

Citroen C4 05-10 14.23 10.19 19.51 9.32

Citroen Xsara 00-05 22.35 16.09 30.18 14.09

Daihatsu Applause 89-99 23.56 22.20 24.97 2.77

Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 29.02 23.49 35.24 11.75

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 24.49 23.28 25.74 2.46

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 19.66 18.48 20.90 2.42

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 22.34 21.34 23.37 2.03

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 19.92 15.47 25.27 9.81

Ford Laser 91-94 22.50 21.86 23.15 1.29

Ford Laser 95-97 20.97 19.95 22.03 2.09

Ford Capri 89-94 27.15 25.13 29.27 4.14

Ford Focus LR 02-05 18.68 17.14 20.32 3.17

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 15.37 14.06 16.78 2.73

Ford Focus LV 09-11 15.53 10.85 21.76 10.91

Fiat Regata 84-88 18.10 13.26 24.21 10.96

Holden Gemini 82-84 25.65 24.53 26.81 2.29


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 28.83 26.29 31.51 5.22

Holden Astra TR 96-98 19.06 17.17 21.11 3.93

Holden Astra TS 98-06 18.10 17.49 18.73 1.24

Holden Astra AH 04-09 16.98 15.81 18.22 2.40

Holden Viva JF 05-09 18.41 16.59 20.38 3.79

Holden Cruze JG / JH 09-11 16.43 13.72 19.56 5.84

Hyundai Excel 86-90 27.08 25.56 28.66 3.10

Hyundai Excel 90-94 25.52 24.68 26.37 1.68

Hyundai Excel / Accent 95-00 24.65 24.16 25.15 1.00

Hyundai Elantra 00-06 19.41 18.27 20.59 2.32

Hyundai Accent 06-09 19.08 15.55 23.18 7.62

Hyundai i30 07-11 15.59 13.40 18.05 4.65

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 25.82 23.65 28.11 4.46

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 22.71 21.15 24.34 3.19

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 19.78 18.79 20.82 2.03

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 19.65 17.52 21.97 4.46

Hyundai Accent 00-06 20.75 19.84 21.69 1.85

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CA 89-90 21.15 20.09 22.26 2.16

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CB 91-92 24.07 21.42 26.94 5.52

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CC 93-95 21.66 20.79 22.57 1.78

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CE 96-03 22.02 21.49 22.55 1.06

Mitsubishi Cordia 83-87 25.67 23.47 28.00 4.53

Mitsubishi Lancer CE / CG / Cedia 02-03 35.24 26.96 44.51 17.55

Mitsubishi Lancer CH 03-07 18.24 17.18 19.36 2.18

Mitsubishi Lancer CJ 08-11 16.20 14.02 18.65 4.63

Kia Rio 00-05 21.24 19.95 22.58 2.63

Kia Spectra 01-04 19.92 16.51 23.83 7.31

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 20.04 17.55 22.80 5.25

Kia Rio JB 05-11 19.78 17.85 21.86 4.01

Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 / Familia 82-88 26.20 25.73 26.67 0.94

Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 90-93 21.39 20.22 22.61 2.39


Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 18.69 17.91 19.48 1.57

Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 89-97 22.97 19.30 27.11 7.81


Mazda Eunos 30X / Presso / MX-3 /

Autozam AZ-3

90-97 19.25 16.41 22.44 6.03

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 15.99 15.24 16.78 1.54

Mazda MX-5 05-11 19.20 13.53 26.52 12.99

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 14.37 11.76 17.45 5.69

Mercedes Benz A-Class W168 98-04 19.67 16.43 23.39 6.96

Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Langley 84-86 26.33 25.42 27.26 1.84

Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 88-90 23.12 22.41 23.84 1.43

Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 92-95 20.32 19.45 21.21 1.76


Nissan Stanza 82-83 23.81 20.10 27.97 7.87

Nissan Gazelle / Silvia 84-86 24.03 19.88 28.74 8.86

Nissan Exa 83-86 30.86 26.68 35.38 8.70

Nissan Exa 87-91 22.49 17.51 28.38 10.87

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 23.36 20.78 26.17 5.39

Nissan Pulsar / Bluebird Sylphy 00-05 19.86 19.10 20.63 1.53

Nissan Tiida 06-11 20.80 17.83 24.13 6.30

Honda Civic 82-83 24.68 21.51 28.16 6.65


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Civic / Ballade / Shuttle 84-87 25.61 23.93 27.37 3.43

Honda Civic / Shuttle 88-91 22.98 21.78 24.23 2.45

Honda Civic 92-95 21.50 20.43 22.60 2.17

Honda Civic 96-00 20.33 19.37 21.33 1.96

Honda CRX 87-91 26.45 22.09 31.33 9.24

Honda CRX 92-98 20.65 15.99 26.23 10.23

Honda S2000 99-09 12.35 9.00 16.71 7.71

Honda Civic 01-05 16.80 15.36 18.35 2.99

Honda Civic 06-11 16.14 14.62 17.79 3.16

Honda Integra 86-88 22.97 19.74 26.56 6.82

Honda Integra 90-92 21.01 18.25 24.07 5.82

Honda Integra 93-01 19.81 17.70 22.12 4.42

Honda Integra 02-06 19.10 15.63 23.12 7.48

Honda Concerto 89-93 20.60 17.58 24.00 6.43

Peugeot 308 08-11 17.38 12.20 24.17 11.97

Peugeot 306 94-01 18.41 16.48 20.52 4.04

Peugeot 307 01-09 14.18 12.20 16.43 4.23

Proton Wira 95-96 21.55 19.72 23.50 3.78

Proton Gen 2 04-11 22.59 17.30 28.93 11.63

Renault Megane II 03-10 17.55 12.96 23.34 10.38

Renault 19 91-96 22.17 17.65 27.47 9.82

Renault Scenic 01-04 19.15 15.19 23.86 8.67

Rover Quintet 82-86 24.63 19.71 30.31 10.60

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 14.03 10.39 18.68 8.29

Subaru Impreza 93-00 20.35 19.32 21.42 2.10

Subaru Impreza 01-07 15.54 14.49 16.65 2.16

Subaru Impreza 07-11 15.01 12.53 17.89 5.36

Suzuki Baleno / Cultus Crescent 95-02 20.61 19.02 22.29 3.26

Suzuki Liana 01-07 18.25 15.59 21.25 5.65

Toyota Corolla 82-84 25.45 24.57 26.37 1.80

Toyota Corolla 86-88 23.73 23.08 24.39 1.31

Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 89-93 22.10 21.62 22.58 0.96


Toyota Corolla / Allex 98-01 18.54 17.78 19.33 1.55

Toyota Corolla 02-07 17.93 17.36 18.51 1.15

Toyota Corolla 07-11 16.71 15.60 17.89 2.29

Toyota Tercel 83-88 23.70 20.16 27.64 7.48

Toyota MR2 87-90 25.11 20.29 30.63 10.34

Toyota MR2 91-00 22.43 17.07 28.88 11.80

Toyota Paseo / Cynos 91-99 21.62 19.79 23.58 3.79

Toyota MR2 00-05 20.75 15.06 27.89 12.83

Toyota Corolla 4WD Wagon 92-96 17.71 14.95 20.86 5.91

Toyota Prius II 03-09 13.36 10.79 16.42 5.62

Volvo 300 Series 84-88 17.69 12.53 24.39 11.86

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 15.70 13.58 18.08 4.50

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 22.58 17.57 28.53 10.96

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 17.58 15.61 19.74 4.13

Volkswagen Golf / Bora 99-04 17.31 15.92 18.78 2.86

Volkswagen New Beetle 00-11 16.74 13.77 20.20 6.43

Volkswagen Golf / Jetta 04-11 14.56 13.02 16.24 3.22


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Light Cars 23.17 22.93 23.41 0.48

Citroen C3 02-10 20.19 15.44 25.95 10.51

Daihatsu Charade 82-86 30.60 28.60 32.67 4.07



Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 21.46 18.03 25.34 7.31

Daihatsu Move 97-99 26.82 18.65 36.94 18.29

Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 98-04 24.38 22.61 26.24 3.63


Daihatsu Mira 90-96 36.46 33.37 39.67 6.30

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 31.44 28.86 34.13 5.27

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 20.44 17.46 23.77 6.31

Ford Festiva WD/WH/WF 94-01 26.22 25.56 26.90 1.34

Ford Ka 99-02 22.78 19.74 26.14 6.40

Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 18.38 13.29 24.86 11.58

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 17.27 13.47 21.88 8.41

Holden Barina XC / Combo 01-11 20.06 18.89 21.29 2.40

Holden Barina SB 95-00 24.45 23.56 25.36 1.80

Holden Barina TK 05-11 20.06 18.59 21.60 3.01

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 19.88 18.97 20.82 1.85

Mitsubishi Mirage / Colt 82-88 26.76 25.95 27.58 1.63

Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 19.91 16.89 23.32 6.43

Ford / Mazda Festiva WA / 121 87-90 26.82 25.85 27.81 1.95

Mazda 121 / Autozam Review 94-96 25.39 24.15 26.67 2.52

Mazda 121 Metro / Demio 97-02 22.03 20.71 23.41 2.70

Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 19.03 17.23 20.98 3.75

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 18.04 15.92 20.38 4.46

Nissan Micra 95-97 25.02 22.55 27.65 5.09

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 17.24 15.80 18.79 2.99

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 17.47 13.93 21.69 7.77

Honda City 83-86 33.59 29.11 38.39 9.27

Honda City 09-11 14.26 9.11 21.63 12.52

Peugeot 205 87-94 20.79 16.18 26.30 10.12

Peugeot 207 07-11 12.73 8.31 19.00 10.68

Peugeot 206 99-07 18.15 16.02 20.50 4.47

Proton Satria 97-05 23.67 18.63 29.58 10.95

Renault Clio 01-08 21.03 16.80 25.99 9.19

Subaru Sherpa / Fiori / 700 / Rex 89-92 39.49 36.23 42.85 6.62

Suzuki Swift 82-85 30.20 24.50 36.57 12.07

Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 86-88 31.17 29.75 32.62 2.87


Suzuki Hatch / Alto 82-84 39.00 35.98 42.10 6.12

Suzuki Alto 85-00 34.57 29.30 40.23 10.93

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 25.80 22.83 29.00 6.17

Suzuki Swift 05-10 20.06 18.74 21.46 2.72

Toyota Starlet 96-99 23.55 22.47 24.65 2.18

Toyota Echo 99-05 20.56 19.75 21.40 1.66

Toyota Yaris / Vitz 05-11 18.81 17.78 19.89 2.11

Volkswagen Polo 96-00 22.04 19.14 25.25 6.12

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 17.63 14.59 21.15 6.56

APPENDIX 3

LOGISTIC REGRESSION ESTIMATES OF CRASHWORTHINESS INJURY SEVERITY BY MODEL AND MARKET

GROUP

CRASHWORTHINESS INJURY SEVERITY RATINGS

New South Wales and Victoria Data (1987-2011), South Australia Data (1995-2011),

Queensland Data (1991-2010), Western Australia and New Zealand Data (1991-2011)


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 20.68 16.63 25.42 8.79

Holden Cruze 02-06 23.81 19.04 29.33 10.28

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 29.96 18.25 45.04 26.79



Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 11.02 5.90 19.66 13.76

Kia Sportage 98-03 19.43 14.60 25.40 10.80

Kia Sportage KM 05-10 22.88 11.92 39.41 27.49

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 18.60 15.82 21.74 5.92

Nissan Dualis 07-11 27.65 13.21 48.96 35.75

Lada Niva 84-99 22.67 14.90 32.93 18.03

Honda HR-V 99-02 26.57 18.35 36.80 18.45



Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai /

SJ410 / SJ413

82-99 23.56 21.08 26.23 5.15

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 20.61 15.07 27.53 12.46

Suzuki SX4 07-11 20.86 11.49 34.87 23.38


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 31.45 20.80 44.49 23.69





Holden Adventra 03-06 11.07 5.31 21.65 16.34


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 18.76 12.56 27.07 14.52







Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 23.97 19.59 28.98 9.39

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 21.37 14.44 30.45 16.00

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 17.74 11.10 27.15 16.06


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Jeep Wrangler 05-11 11.62 4.59 26.40 21.81



Mazda CX-7 06-11 6.12 1.96 17.54 15.59



Nissan Murano 05-08 14.65 6.10 31.18 25.07


Honda CR-V 97-01 20.49 17.14 24.30 7.16

Honda CR-V 02-06 16.01 12.86 19.76 6.90

Honda CR-V 07-11 23.93 16.53 33.32 16.79

Subaru Tribeca 06-11 15.55 5.07 38.85 33.79

Subaru Forester 08-11 15.69 8.83 26.32 17.49

Subaru Forester 97-02 19.01 15.76 22.75 6.99

Subaru Forester 02-08 18.97 15.52 22.99 7.47




Toyota RAV4 94-00 22.92 20.02 26.10 6.08

Toyota RAV4 01-06 20.20 17.23 23.53 6.30

Lexus RX330 03-05 27.20 14.67 44.81 30.14

Toyota RAV4 06-11 20.94 16.53 26.15 9.62


BMW X5 01-08 11.84 6.14 21.64 15.50

Ford Bronco 82-87 39.87 23.17 59.32 36.15

Ford Explorer 00-01 24.28 17.79 32.21 14.43

Ford Explorer 01-05 20.88 13.55 30.77 17.21




Kia Sorento 03-09 24.31 15.88 35.34 19.45
















Volvo XC90 03-11 21.32 8.98 42.69 33.72



Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Commercial - Utes 21.82 21.28 22.36 1.08


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 21.76 18.32 25.63 7.31




Ford F-Series 01-06 29.79 17.69 45.58 27.89





Holden Rodeo 96-98 21.30 18.28 24.67 6.39

Holden Rodeo 99-02 23.94 20.96 27.20 6.24

Holden WB Series 82-85 33.02 27.64 38.88 11.24




Holden Rodeo 03-08 19.60 17.16 22.30 5.14





Kia Ceres 92-00 28.59 23.50 34.28 10.78

Kia K2700 02-08 33.67 19.01 52.34 33.33




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 24.18 19.80 29.17 9.37

Nissan Navara 86-91 25.40 22.46 28.59 6.12

Nissan Navara 92-96 24.32 20.45 28.65 8.20

Nissan Navara 97-05 23.46 20.23 27.02 6.79

Nissan Navara 05-11 20.40 15.65 26.14 10.49

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 16.39 8.08 30.41 22.33

Subaru Brumby 82-92 31.54 27.41 35.99 8.58





Toyota Hilux 98-02 20.80 18.79 22.97 4.18

Toyota Hilux 03-04 19.83 16.61 23.51 6.90

Toyota Hilux 05-11 18.63 16.36 21.13 4.77

Commercial - Vans 21.74 20.80 22.72 1.91


Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 31.27 21.79 42.63 20.84




Ford Transit 95-00 23.07 17.06 30.43 13.37

Ford Transit 01-07 13.61 9.18 19.72 10.54


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Fiat Ducato 02-07 15.48 5.88 34.96 29.08


Hyundai iLoad 08-11 21.67 10.73 38.92 28.20


Kia Pregio 02-06 20.44 14.43 28.14 13.71





Honda Acty 83-86 25.16 15.69 37.77 22.08


Suzuki Carry 99-05 24.96 12.18 44.37 32.19





Toyota Hiace 05-11 26.23 19.18 34.75 15.57




Large Cars 21.57 21.21 21.93 0.72

Audi A8 95-03 24.57 9.63 49.88 40.25

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 15.18 6.72 30.77 24.05

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 24.34 17.41 32.92 15.51

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 21.14 15.67 27.89 12.22

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 20.17 14.36 27.58 13.22

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 26.40 13.02 46.23 33.21

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 28.16 18.41 40.51 22.10

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 17.08 7.76 33.51 25.74

Chrysler 300C 06-10 21.23 7.99 45.54 37.56

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 25.92 24.94 26.92 1.98


Ford Falcon EA / Falcon EB Series

I

88-Mar 92 24.57 23.53 25.64 2.11

Ford Falcon EB Series II / Falcon

ED

Apr 92-94 24.52 23.09 26.01 2.92





Ford Falcon FG 08-11 14.18 10.04 19.64 9.60

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 22.24 21.30 23.21 1.91

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 21.22 20.03 22.45 2.42

Ford Taurus 96-98 23.88 17.03 32.39 15.36

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 19.10 17.81 20.45 2.63








Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval



Holden Monaro 01-05 22.35 16.98 28.84 11.86





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 21.69 18.81 24.89 6.08



V3000

85-90 25.77 24.48 27.10 2.62



96-03 22.88 21.44 24.39 2.95

Mitsubishi Magna TR/TS / Verada

KR/KS / V3000 / Diamante

91-96 22.98 21.72 24.30 2.58

Mitsubishi Magna TL/TW / Verada

KL/KW

03-05 17.80 14.24 22.03 7.79

Mitsubishi 380 05-08 14.66 10.18 20.67 10.49

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 31.33 19.66 45.97 26.31

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 15.86 9.08 26.22 17.14

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 18.55 8.38 36.21 27.83

Kia Optima 01-06 12.70 4.75 29.78 25.03

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 25.34 22.27 28.68 6.41







Nissan Skyline 83-88 26.01 23.86 28.28 4.42


Nissan Maxima 90-94 23.17 19.06 27.86 8.80


Nissan Maxima 00-02 21.06 15.57 27.86 12.29

Nissan Maxima 06-09 19.46 13.29 27.57 14.28

Honda Legend 86-95 23.53 17.82 30.41 12.59

Rover 3500 82-87 11.74 4.46 27.51 23.05

Saab 9-5 98-05 14.46 6.62 28.74 22.13




Toyota Supra 82-90 31.62 23.95 40.44 16.49

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 23.09 17.14 30.35 13.21

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 14.94 7.00 29.06 22.06

Toyota Avalon 00-05 20.11 17.13 23.46 6.34

Toyota Aurion 06-11 16.21 11.96 21.58 9.62

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 20.81 16.49 25.91 9.42

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 18.30 14.30 23.12 8.81

Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 17.61 7.30 36.72 29.42

Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 13.58 5.55 29.57 24.02

Medium Cars 21.10 20.70 21.50 0.80

Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 31.66 14.68 55.50 40.82


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 22.63 14.08 34.30 20.22

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 18.59 9.44 33.37 23.93

Audi A4 95-01 23.27 17.21 30.67 13.46

Audi TT 99-06 21.41 8.77 43.57 34.80

Audi A4 01-08 12.80 7.20 21.72 14.52

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 25.29 14.43 40.47 26.04

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 12.15 7.44 19.21 11.77

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 23.39 20.39 26.68 6.29

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 20.01 17.68 22.55 4.87

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 18.74 15.69 22.22 6.53


Citroen C5 01-08 24.61 10.76 46.93 36.17

Daewoo Espero 95-97 27.20 21.48 33.78 12.30

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 21.87 16.40 28.53 12.13

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 41.41 25.19 59.74 34.55

Ford Mondeo 95-01 19.11 16.20 22.39 6.19

Ford Mondeo 07-11 17.45 9.67 29.45 19.78

Ford Probe 94-98 22.03 13.62 33.60 19.98

Ford Cougar 99-03 18.11 13.48 23.89 10.42

Holden Calibra 94-97 23.01 15.87 32.14 16.27

Holden Camira 82-89 24.96 23.51 26.48 2.97

Holden Vectra 97-03 18.60 16.07 21.42 5.35

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 15.42 10.13 22.76 12.62

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 20.79 15.43 27.41 11.98


Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 17.04 7.11 35.53 28.43



Lambda

82-84 24.84 23.18 26.58 3.40



Jaguar X-Type 02-10 13.15 5.43 28.53 23.10

Kia Credos 98-01 29.36 13.93 51.63 37.70




Cronos

92-97 24.96 22.84 27.21 4.37

Mazda 626 98-02 20.38 17.09 24.11 7.02

Mazda RX7 82-85 25.69 19.20 33.48 14.28

Mazda RX7 86-91 25.80 18.46 34.82 16.37

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 16.74 9.94 26.81 16.87

Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 19.92 8.26 40.74 32.48

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 15.98 13.28 19.10 5.82

Mazda RX-8 03-11 6.43 2.03 18.56 16.53

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 18.30 10.98 28.92 17.94








Nissan Pintara 86-88 25.49 22.89 28.29 5.40


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 27.28 25.58 29.05 3.47

Nissan 280ZX 82-84 31.32 16.17 51.88 35.71

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 23.41 20.51 26.58 6.08

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 23.95 18.97 29.76 10.79



Honda Accord 03-07 13.81 9.80 19.11 9.31

Honda Accord 82-85 25.98 23.27 28.89 5.62

Honda Accord 86-90 23.47 20.78 26.40 5.62

Honda Accord 91-93 25.67 21.66 30.13 8.48

Honda Accord 94-98 23.87 20.98 27.02 6.04

Honda Accord 99-02 17.72 13.05 23.61 10.55

Honda Accord 08-11 29.06 17.80 43.66 25.86


Honda Prelude 82-82 20.19 9.42 38.09 28.67

Honda Prelude 83-91 26.03 23.65 28.56 4.91

Honda Prelude 92-96 25.73 21.62 30.32 8.70

Honda Prelude 97-02 15.74 10.83 22.32 11.50

Peugeot 407 04-11 13.87 5.55 30.62 25.08

Peugeot 405 89-97 24.39 18.34 31.67 13.32

Peugeot 505 82-93 22.45 15.90 30.71 14.81

Peugeot 406 96-04 22.05 13.15 34.56 21.41

Porsche 944 82-91 38.48 19.74 61.40 41.66

Renault Feugo 82-87 23.13 14.43 34.94 20.51

Rover 75 01-05 22.07 9.76 42.59 32.83

Saab 900 Series 82-92 23.53 18.08 30.02 11.94

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 17.21 12.57 23.12 10.55

Saab 9000 86-97 15.08 10.39 21.38 10.99

Saab 9-3 03-11 18.17 10.10 30.50 20.40


Wagon

82-93 24.86 22.77 27.07 4.30





Toyota Corona 82-88 25.53 24.04 27.09 3.05

Toyota Camry 83-86 26.16 22.84 29.78 6.94


Holden / Toyota Apollo JM/JP / Camry /

Sceptor

93-97 24.45 23.15 25.79 2.64

Toyota Camry 98-02 21.09 19.61 22.66 3.05

Toyota Celica 81-85 22.21 18.89 25.93 7.04

Toyota Celica 86-89 25.66 21.57 30.24 8.67

Toyota Celica 90-93 25.51 21.90 29.49 7.59

Toyota Celica 94-99 20.25 16.30 24.88 8.58

Toyota Celica 00-05 21.37 14.03 31.15 17.12

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 10.26 5.34 18.83 13.50

Toyota Camry 02-06 17.71 15.89 19.68 3.79

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 15.36 6.97 30.55 23.58

Toyota Camry 06-11 17.50 14.33 21.20 6.87

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 24.69 20.62 29.26 8.64

Volvo S60 01-09 13.81 5.20 31.88 26.67


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Volvo S40/V50 04-11 4.95 0.69 28.05 27.36



People Movers 22.25 21.25 23.29 2.05


Holden Zafira TT 01-05 19.17 11.24 30.75 19.51

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot /

Spacewagon

85-91 22.05 16.76 28.44 11.69






Kia Carens 00-02 27.98 11.75 53.12 41.37

Kia Carnival 99-06 20.59 15.53 26.77 11.24

Kia Carnival 06-11 14.12 7.31 25.53 18.22

Mazda MPV 94-99 16.65 7.93 31.66 23.74

Mazda MPV 00-06 22.96 9.93 44.62 34.70

Nissan Prairie 84-86 22.21 16.25 29.60 13.36

Nissan Serena 92-95 20.17 14.17 27.88 13.71

Honda Odyssey 95-00 18.60 14.06 24.18 10.12

Honda Odyssey 00-02 25.96 14.08 42.87 28.78

Honda Odyssey 04-09 13.51 7.30 23.68 16.39

Toyota Tarago 83-89 27.68 24.85 30.71 5.87



Toyota Spacia 93-00 24.96 13.69 41.09 27.39


Toyota Tarago 06-11 16.45 8.47 29.53 21.06

Small Cars 21.72 21.35 22.09 0.75

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 24.97 18.01 33.51 15.50

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 17.90 6.93 38.96 32.03

Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 47.86 28.21 68.20 39.99



Audi A3 04-09 18.00 8.22 34.98 26.76

Audi A3/S3 97-04 15.48 8.78 25.85 17.07

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 17.45 11.45 25.67 14.21

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 19.41 11.60 30.64 19.04

Chrysler Neon 96-99 24.89 17.33 34.36 17.03

Chrysler Neon 00-02 28.33 14.14 48.68 34.55

Citroen BX 86-94 20.89 10.08 38.36 28.29

Citroen C4 05-10 23.08 8.94 47.84 38.90

Citroen Xsara 00-05 14.95 4.96 37.19 32.23


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 24.99 13.31 41.96 28.65

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 22.27 19.73 25.04 5.31

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 21.53 18.62 24.76 6.14

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 25.34 22.94 27.90 4.95


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 19.75 10.40 34.30 23.91

Ford Laser 91-94 24.07 22.65 25.56 2.92

Ford Laser 95-97 24.55 22.08 27.22 5.14

Ford Capri 89-94 24.50 20.41 29.10 8.69

Ford Focus LR 02-05 17.86 14.62 21.64 7.02

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 19.28 15.82 23.28 7.45

Ford Focus LV 09-11 13.46 4.75 32.69 27.95

Fiat Regata 84-88 30.69 16.34 50.10 33.76

Holden Gemini 82-84 25.31 23.10 27.65 4.55

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 23.52 19.06 28.65 9.59

Holden Astra TR 96-98 21.23 16.94 26.26 9.32

Holden Astra TS 98-06 18.50 16.93 20.18 3.25

Holden Astra AH 04-09 17.71 14.64 21.27 6.63

Holden Viva JF 05-09 20.04 15.72 25.21 9.49


Hyundai Excel 86-90 27.89 25.00 30.99 5.99

Hyundai Excel 90-94 26.72 24.82 28.70 3.87


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 22.03 18.90 25.51 6.60

Hyundai Accent 06-09 17.95 10.41 29.16 18.75

Hyundai i30 07-11 23.19 17.66 29.82 12.16

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 25.91 21.07 31.41 10.34

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 25.84 21.88 30.24 8.36

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 25.70 22.96 28.65 5.69

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 26.02 20.09 32.99 12.90

Hyundai Accent 00-06 24.69 22.22 27.34 5.12









Kia Rio 00-05 22.94 19.97 26.21 6.24

Kia Spectra 01-04 23.84 15.79 34.31 18.52

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 18.01 12.93 24.53 11.61

Kia Rio JB 05-11 23.29 18.97 28.25 9.28




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 19.71 17.79 21.79 4.00




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 23.07 16.02 32.03 16.01

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 18.91 16.85 21.15 4.30

Mazda MX-5 05-11 22.34 10.46 41.46 31.00

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 18.93 12.94 26.83 13.89






Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Nissan Stanza 82-83 21.69 14.52 31.11 16.58


Nissan Exa 83-86 29.00 21.73 37.54 15.82

Nissan Exa 87-91 29.75 19.54 42.47 22.94

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 31.77 25.66 38.58 12.93


Nissan Tiida 06-11 24.58 18.12 32.44 14.33

Honda Civic 82-83 26.63 22.65 31.02 8.37



Honda Civic 92-95 22.37 20.14 24.78 4.64

Honda Civic 96-00 22.00 19.63 24.56 4.93

Honda CRX 87-91 30.45 25.42 36.00 10.59

Honda CRX 92-98 25.05 16.51 36.09 19.58

Honda S2000 99-09 14.73 5.95 32.06 26.11

Honda Civic 01-05 20.41 16.65 24.78 8.13

Honda Civic 06-11 18.31 14.42 22.97 8.55

Honda Integra 86-88 26.57 22.12 31.55 9.42

Honda Integra 90-92 23.47 19.13 28.45 9.31

Honda Integra 93-01 22.46 18.44 27.05 8.61

Honda Integra 02-06 21.01 12.34 33.44 21.10

Honda Concerto 89-93 23.99 18.98 29.82 10.84

Peugeot 308 08-11 14.01 5.75 30.34 24.59

Peugeot 306 94-01 17.11 13.29 21.76 8.46

Peugeot 307 01-09 10.05 6.25 15.76 9.51

Proton Wira 95-96 25.11 20.63 30.19 9.56

Proton Gen 2 04-11 30.04 18.43 44.93 26.50


Renault 19 91-96 21.13 12.12 34.23 22.11

Renault Scenic 01-04 15.27 7.44 28.80 21.36

Rover Quintet 82-86 24.36 16.00 35.27 19.27

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 23.30 12.98 38.21 25.23

Subaru Impreza 93-00 25.81 23.47 28.30 4.82

Subaru Impreza 01-07 19.80 16.77 23.22 6.46

Subaru Impreza 07-11 18.08 11.18 27.90 16.72


Suzuki Liana 01-07 20.08 14.21 27.61 13.40

Toyota Corolla 82-84 25.41 23.71 27.18 3.46

Toyota Corolla 86-88 25.48 24.05 26.97 2.92




Toyota Corolla 02-07 20.43 18.93 22.02 3.09

Toyota Corolla 07-11 19.50 16.67 22.67 5.99

Toyota Tercel 83-88 24.03 17.85 31.52 13.67

Toyota MR2 87-90 30.01 22.85 38.29 15.44

Toyota MR2 91-00 21.32 14.71 29.87 15.16


Toyota MR2 00-05 25.51 9.76 52.02 42.25


Toyota Prius II 03-09 15.24 9.05 24.52 15.46

Volvo 300 Series 84-88 35.25 21.87 51.43 29.55


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 15.20 10.15 22.15 12.00

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 30.57 20.52 42.89 22.37

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 20.68 15.15 27.57 12.41




Light Cars 22.92 22.41 23.43 1.02

Citroen C3 02-10 14.93 6.09 32.19 26.10




Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 26.17 17.33 37.48 20.15

Daihatsu Move 97-99 21.56 10.84 38.33 27.49



Daihatsu Mira 90-96 29.92 25.02 35.32 10.30

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 19.38 15.66 23.75 8.09

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 29.16 21.53 38.19 16.67


Ford Ka 99-02 25.05 18.83 32.51 13.68

Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 8.95 2.27 29.38 27.11

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 23.66 14.06 36.99 22.93


Holden Barina SB 95-00 20.98 19.02 23.10 4.08

Holden Barina TK 05-11 21.85 18.57 25.52 6.95

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 23.70 21.39 26.18 4.80


Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 21.61 15.82 28.81 13.00




Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 24.91 20.37 30.07 9.70

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 18.09 13.68 23.53 9.85

Nissan Micra 95-97 27.33 21.88 33.55 11.66

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 20.53 17.13 24.40 7.27

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 18.97 11.64 29.39 17.75

Honda City 83-86 25.76 22.29 29.58 7.29

Honda City 09-11 11.79 3.70 31.76 28.06

Peugeot 205 87-94 24.00 15.53 35.16 19.63

Peugeot 207 07-11 15.15 4.94 38.03 33.09

Peugeot 206 99-07 25.18 18.89 32.71 13.81

Proton Satria 97-05 17.00 7.18 35.16 27.97

Renault Clio 01-08 27.41 17.24 40.65 23.41


Suzuki Swift 82-85 30.90 20.83 43.19 22.35




Suzuki Alto 85-00 31.19 24.94 38.22 13.28

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 25.79 20.01 32.56 12.55

Suzuki Swift 05-10 20.64 17.84 23.76 5.92


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota Starlet 96-99 25.48 22.97 28.15 5.18

Toyota Echo 99-05 23.62 21.61 25.75 4.14


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 18.29 12.69 25.64 12.96

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 19.81 13.02 28.97 15.96

APPENDIX 4

CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS OF 1982-2011 MODELS OF CARS INVOLVED IN

CRASHES DURING 1987-2011 with

(1) 95 % CONFIDENCE LIMITS (2) 90 % CONFIDENCE LIMITS

CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS (WITH 95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS)




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 5.20 4.12 6.56 2.44

Holden Cruze 02-06 5.19 4.07 6.62 2.55

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 4.16 2.46 7.02 4.56



Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 1.34 0.71 2.53 1.82

Kia Sportage 98-03 3.55 2.62 4.81 2.19

Kia Sportage KM 05-10 3.66 1.87 7.19 5.32

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 3.08 2.59 3.66 1.07

Nissan Dualis 07-11 3.82 1.77 8.26 6.49

Lada Niva 84-99 4.69 2.99 7.35 4.36

Honda HR-V 99-02 4.57 3.10 6.73 3.63



Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai / SJ410

/ SJ413

82-99 6.75 6.00 7.61 1.61

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 4.82 3.45 6.74 3.29

Suzuki SX4 07-11 3.04 1.63 5.67 4.04


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 4.27 2.66 6.85 4.19





Holden Adventra 03-06 1.67 0.79 3.52 2.73


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 2.99 1.97 4.53 2.56








Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 3.71 2.96 4.66 1.70

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 3.55 2.32 5.43 3.11

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 2.20 1.33 3.64 2.31

Jeep Wrangler 05-11 1.54 0.58 4.07 3.49



Mazda CX-7 06-11 0.78 0.25 2.42 2.17



Nissan Murano 05-08 1.73 0.71 4.20 3.49


Honda CR-V 97-01 3.04 2.52 3.68 1.16

Honda CR-V 02-06 2.57 2.05 3.23 1.19

Honda CR-V 07-11 2.80 1.89 4.16 2.27

Subaru Tribeca 06-11 2.42 0.81 7.19 6.38

Subaru Forester 08-11 2.23 1.25 3.98 2.74

Subaru Forester 97-02 2.98 2.43 3.64 1.21

Subaru Forester 02-08 2.58 2.09 3.20 1.11




Toyota RAV4 94-00 4.17 3.60 4.83 1.23

Toyota RAV4 01-06 3.13 2.64 3.70 1.06

Lexus RX330 03-05 2.77 1.47 5.22 3.75

Toyota RAV4 06-11 2.76 2.14 3.55 1.40


BMW X5 01-08 1.15 0.59 2.23 1.64

Ford Bronco 82-87 7.06 3.96 12.62 8.66

Ford Explorer 00-01 4.61 3.26 6.50 3.24

Ford Explorer 01-05 2.65 1.65 4.25 2.60




Kia Sorento 03-09 3.03 1.90 4.83 2.93
















Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Volvo XC90 03-11 1.61 0.65 3.96 3.31


Commercial - Utes 3.44 3.35 3.54 0.19


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 3.73 3.09 4.49 1.40




Ford F-Series 01-06 2.56 1.45 4.52 3.07





Holden Rodeo 96-98 3.69 3.13 4.36 1.23

Holden Rodeo 99-02 3.99 3.45 4.62 1.17

Holden WB Series 82-85 5.97 4.89 7.29 2.40




Holden Rodeo 03-08 2.90 2.51 3.35 0.84





Kia Ceres 92-00 6.22 5.02 7.70 2.69

Kia K2700 02-08 4.98 2.70 9.19 6.50




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 5.19 4.18 6.44 2.27

Nissan Navara 86-91 4.77 4.16 5.48 1.32

Nissan Navara 92-96 4.21 3.47 5.11 1.64

Nissan Navara 97-05 2.75 2.32 3.25 0.93

Nissan Navara 05-11 2.47 1.85 3.31 1.46

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 2.92 1.42 6.03 4.61

Subaru Brumby 82-92 7.50 6.41 8.79 2.38





Toyota Hilux 98-02 3.20 2.86 3.58 0.72

Toyota Hilux 03-04 2.91 2.40 3.54 1.14

Toyota Hilux 05-11 2.31 2.00 2.66 0.65

Commercial - Vans 3.93 3.74 4.13 0.39



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 14.35 9.88 20.86 10.98




Ford Transit 95-00 3.53 2.56 4.86 2.31

Ford Transit 01-07 1.47 0.96 2.24 1.28

Fiat Ducato 02-07 1.47 0.50 4.39 3.89


Hyundai iLoad 08-11 2.64 1.23 5.67 4.44


Kia Pregio 02-06 3.72 2.58 5.36 2.78





Honda Acty 83-86 4.64 2.81 7.66 4.84


Suzuki Carry 99-05 4.66 2.20 9.86 7.66





Toyota Hiace 05-11 4.13 2.96 5.78 2.83




Large Cars 3.61 3.54 3.68 0.13

Audi A8 95-03 2.63 0.99 6.94 5.94

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 1.95 0.86 4.45 3.59

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 3.83 2.68 5.46 2.79

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 3.51 2.53 4.86 2.33

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 2.38 1.65 3.44 1.79

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 2.97 1.35 6.54 5.20

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 4.90 3.07 7.81 4.73

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 1.76 0.76 4.09 3.34

Chrysler 300C 06-10 2.37 0.89 6.32 5.43

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 5.07 4.86 5.30 0.44








Ford Falcon FG 08-11 1.63 1.13 2.34 1.20

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 3.84 3.66 4.03 0.37

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 3.50 3.29 3.73 0.44

Ford Taurus 96-98 4.54 3.16 6.54 3.39


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 2.75 2.55 2.97 0.42









Holden Monaro 01-05 3.53 2.62 4.77 2.15





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 4.35 3.74 5.07 1.33



V3000

85-90 5.35 5.06 5.67 0.61



96-03 4.02 3.75 4.32 0.57


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 4.28 4.02 4.55 0.53


Mitsubishi 380 05-08 2.16 1.48 3.16 1.67

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 6.22 3.82 10.11 6.29

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 2.29 1.28 4.08 2.80

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 1.94 0.85 4.41 3.56

Kia Optima 01-06 2.60 0.97 6.99 6.02

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 5.48 4.75 6.33 1.58







Nissan Skyline 83-88 5.18 4.68 5.73 1.05


Nissan Maxima 90-94 4.41 3.50 5.57 2.07


Nissan Maxima 00-02 3.81 2.73 5.33 2.60

Nissan Maxima 06-09 2.82 1.86 4.25 2.39

Honda Legend 86-95 3.52 2.57 4.82 2.25

Rover 3500 82-87 2.57 0.97 6.83 5.86

Saab 9-5 98-05 2.44 1.12 5.34 4.23




Toyota Supra 82-90 6.50 4.77 8.87 4.11

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 4.03 2.91 5.60 2.69

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 2.19 1.01 4.77 3.77

Toyota Avalon 00-05 3.14 2.64 3.73 1.09


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota Aurion 06-11 2.24 1.63 3.06 1.43

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 3.45 2.70 4.41 1.71

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 3.16 2.44 4.09 1.65

Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 3.17 1.31 7.70 6.39

Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 1.56 0.61 4.00 3.39

Medium Cars 3.78 3.70 3.86 0.16

Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 4.72 2.05 10.85 8.79

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 3.79 2.33 6.14 3.81

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 3.03 1.53 6.03 4.50

Audi A4 95-01 3.56 2.57 4.92 2.35

Audi TT 99-06 3.16 1.29 7.75 6.46

Audi A4 01-08 1.73 0.97 3.09 2.12

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 3.18 1.73 5.86 4.14

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 1.80 1.09 2.97 1.88

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 4.33 3.72 5.04 1.32

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 3.66 3.20 4.18 0.98

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 3.26 2.71 3.93 1.23


Citroen C5 01-08 3.49 1.50 8.10 6.60

Daewoo Espero 95-97 6.65 5.17 8.55 3.38

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 4.20 3.10 5.70 2.61

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 8.35 4.93 14.14 9.21

Ford Mondeo 95-01 3.21 2.68 3.86 1.18

Ford Mondeo 07-11 2.90 1.55 5.43 3.88

Ford Probe 94-98 4.92 2.97 8.16 5.19

Ford Cougar 99-03 3.18 2.32 4.36 2.04

Holden Calibra 94-97 4.16 2.76 6.28 3.52

Holden Camira 82-89 6.40 5.99 6.84 0.85

Holden Vectra 97-03 3.30 2.83 3.86 1.04

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 2.50 1.61 3.90 2.29

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 3.89 2.86 5.29 2.44


Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 3.27 1.37 7.80 6.43



Lambda

82-84 5.64 5.22 6.10 0.88



Jaguar X-Type 02-10 1.59 0.65 3.90 3.25

Kia Credos 98-01 7.14 3.39 15.03 11.63




Cronos

92-97 4.28 3.87 4.74 0.88

Mazda 626 98-02 3.54 2.92 4.29 1.36

Mazda RX7 82-85 6.08 4.43 8.34 3.91

Mazda RX7 86-91 4.67 3.15 6.90 3.75

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 3.93 2.31 6.68 4.36

Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 3.00 1.21 7.46 6.25


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 2.63 2.16 3.20 1.04

Mazda RX-8 03-11 0.82 0.26 2.58 2.32

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 2.84 1.65 4.88 3.24








Nissan Pintara 86-88 5.19 4.61 5.85 1.23


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 6.35 5.90 6.82 0.92

Nissan 280ZX 82-84 5.96 2.91 12.19 9.28

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 3.90 3.31 4.59 1.28

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 3.80 2.95 4.88 1.93



Honda Accord 03-07 2.11 1.47 3.02 1.55

Honda Accord 82-85 6.15 5.38 7.05 1.67

Honda Accord 86-90 4.43 3.82 5.14 1.31

Honda Accord 91-93 3.92 3.21 4.79 1.58

Honda Accord 94-98 3.85 3.33 4.45 1.13

Honda Accord 99-02 2.82 2.02 3.93 1.91

Honda Accord 08-11 3.62 2.14 6.14 4.00


Honda Prelude 82-82 4.14 1.93 8.88 6.96

Honda Prelude 83-91 5.27 4.69 5.93 1.24

Honda Prelude 92-96 4.58 3.75 5.60 1.84

Honda Prelude 97-02 2.77 1.88 4.10 2.22

Peugeot 407 04-11 1.19 0.42 3.34 2.91

Peugeot 405 89-97 4.11 2.96 5.70 2.75

Peugeot 505 82-93 3.18 2.17 4.66 2.49

Peugeot 406 96-04 2.50 1.41 4.44 3.04

Porsche 944 82-91 6.45 2.99 13.91 10.92

Renault Feugo 82-87 4.53 2.72 7.56 4.83

Rover 75 01-05 3.50 1.49 8.24 6.75

Saab 900 Series 82-92 4.35 3.27 5.78 2.51

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 2.66 1.92 3.68 1.77

Saab 9000 86-97 2.54 1.73 3.74 2.01

Saab 9-3 03-11 3.31 1.81 6.04 4.23


Wagon

82-93 5.62 5.10 6.19 1.09





Toyota Corona 82-88 5.80 5.43 6.20 0.77

Toyota Camry 83-86 5.71 4.93 6.62 1.69



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Toyota Camry 98-02 3.60 3.33 3.90 0.56

Toyota Celica 81-85 5.03 4.21 6.00 1.78

Toyota Celica 86-89 5.00 4.14 6.04 1.90

Toyota Celica 90-93 5.10 4.31 6.03 1.72

Toyota Celica 94-99 4.23 3.36 5.31 1.95

Toyota Celica 00-05 3.52 2.29 5.43 3.14

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 1.57 0.82 3.02 2.20

Toyota Camry 02-06 2.96 2.64 3.32 0.68

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 1.91 0.87 4.17 3.30

Toyota Camry 06-11 2.55 2.06 3.16 1.09

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 3.90 3.21 4.73 1.52

Volvo S60 01-09 1.63 0.61 4.37 3.76

Volvo S40/V50 04-11 0.87 0.12 6.09 5.97



People Movers 4.09 3.89 4.30 0.42

Chrysler Voyager 97-01 2.34 1.31 4.20

Holden Zafira TT 01-05 3.11 1.81 5.36 3.55







Kia Carens 00-02 6.94 3.00 16.05 13.06

Kia Carnival 99-06 2.79 2.07 3.76 1.69

Kia Carnival 06-11 1.56 0.79 3.07 2.28

Mazda MPV 94-99 2.34 1.12 4.91 3.80

Mazda MPV 00-06 2.39 1.04 5.47 4.43

Nissan Prairie 84-86 5.55 3.91 7.89 3.98

Nissan Serena 92-95 3.18 1.94 5.22 3.29

Honda Odyssey 95-00 2.78 2.01 3.84 1.83

Honda Odyssey 00-02 3.27 1.75 6.12 4.37

Honda Odyssey 04-09 1.83 0.98 3.41 2.43

Toyota Tarago 83-89 6.90 6.14 7.75 1.61



Toyota Spacia 93-00 4.68 2.55 8.60 6.06


Toyota Tarago 06-11 2.36 1.21 4.60 3.38

Small Cars 4.43 4.35 4.52 0.17

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 5.35 3.77 7.59 3.82

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 3.56 1.40 9.05 7.65

Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 8.30 4.56 15.11 10.55



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Audi A3 04-09 2.24 0.97 5.17 4.20

Audi A3/S3 97-04 2.63 1.48 4.68 3.20

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 3.00 1.90 4.73 2.83

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 3.27 1.93 5.55 3.61

Chrysler Neon 96-99 4.77 3.26 6.96 3.70

Chrysler Neon 00-02 5.07 2.50 10.30 7.80

Citroen BX 86-94 1.03 0.32 3.35 3.03

Citroen C4 05-10 3.28 1.31 8.23 6.92

Citroen Xsara 00-05 3.34 1.14 9.84 8.71


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 7.25 3.92 13.42 9.50

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 5.46 4.79 6.21 1.42

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 4.23 3.63 4.95 1.32

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 5.66 5.08 6.30 1.22

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 3.93 2.05 7.55 5.50

Ford Laser 91-94 5.42 5.06 5.79 0.73

Ford Laser 95-97 5.15 4.59 5.78 1.20

Ford Capri 89-94 6.65 5.48 8.07 2.59

Ford Focus LR 02-05 3.34 2.69 4.13 1.44

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 2.96 2.40 3.66 1.27

Ford Focus LV 09-11 2.09 0.74 5.95 5.21

Fiat Regata 84-88 5.56 2.92 10.56 7.64

Holden Gemini 82-84 6.49 5.87 7.18 1.30

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 6.78 5.42 8.48 3.05

Holden Astra TR 96-98 4.05 3.18 5.16 1.98

Holden Astra TS 98-06 3.35 3.05 3.68 0.63

Holden Astra AH 04-09 3.01 2.46 3.67 1.21

Holden Viva JF 05-09 3.69 2.85 4.78 1.93


Hyundai Excel 86-90 7.55 6.69 8.53 1.84

Hyundai Excel 90-94 6.82 6.30 7.38 1.09


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 4.28 3.64 5.02 1.39

Hyundai Accent 06-09 3.42 1.96 5.97 4.01

Hyundai i30 07-11 3.61 2.67 4.89 2.22

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 6.69 5.38 8.32 2.94

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 5.87 4.92 7.00 2.08

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 5.08 4.50 5.74 1.24

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 5.11 3.89 6.72 2.83

Hyundai Accent 00-06 5.12 4.58 5.74 1.16









Kia Rio 00-05 4.87 4.20 5.66 1.46


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Kia Spectra 01-04 4.75 3.09 7.31 4.22

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 3.61 2.55 5.11 2.56

Kia Rio JB 05-11 4.61 3.68 5.76 2.08




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 3.68 3.30 4.11 0.81




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 4.44 3.03 6.50 3.47

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 3.02 2.67 3.42 0.75

Mazda MX-5 05-11 4.29 1.97 9.33 7.36

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 2.72 1.79 4.12 2.33






Nissan Stanza 82-83 5.16 3.40 7.84 4.43


Nissan Exa 83-86 8.95 6.57 12.18 5.61

Nissan Exa 87-91 6.69 4.22 10.59 6.36

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 7.42 5.87 9.39 3.52


Nissan Tiida 06-11 5.11 3.68 7.11 3.43

Honda Civic 82-83 6.57 5.34 8.09 2.74



Honda Civic 92-95 4.81 4.29 5.40 1.11

Honda Civic 96-00 4.47 3.96 5.05 1.09

Honda CRX 87-91 8.05 6.29 10.31 4.02

Honda CRX 92-98 5.17 3.25 8.23 4.98

Honda S2000 99-09 1.82 0.73 4.52 3.79

Honda Civic 01-05 3.43 2.76 4.27 1.51

Honda Civic 06-11 2.96 2.30 3.81 1.51

Honda Integra 86-88 6.10 4.84 7.69 2.85

Honda Integra 90-92 4.93 3.87 6.28 2.41

Honda Integra 93-01 4.45 3.56 5.56 1.99

Honda Integra 02-06 4.01 2.34 6.88 4.54

Honda Concerto 89-93 4.94 3.75 6.51 2.75

Peugeot 308 08-11 2.44 0.98 6.06 5.09

Peugeot 306 94-01 3.15 2.41 4.13 1.72

Peugeot 307 01-09 1.42 0.88 2.32 1.45

Proton Wira 95-96 5.41 4.39 6.67 2.29

Proton Gen 2 04-11 6.79 4.04 11.39 7.35


Renault 19 91-96 4.68 2.65 8.27 5.62

Renault Scenic 01-04 2.92 1.42 6.01 4.59

Rover Quintet 82-86 6.00 3.82 9.43 5.61


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 3.27 1.76 6.07 4.31

Subaru Impreza 93-00 5.25 4.72 5.84 1.12

Subaru Impreza 01-07 3.08 2.58 3.67 1.10

Subaru Impreza 07-11 2.71 1.66 4.45 2.79


Suzuki Liana 01-07 3.66 2.54 5.29 2.75

Toyota Corolla 82-84 6.47 5.99 6.98 0.99

Toyota Corolla 86-88 6.05 5.67 6.44 0.77




Toyota Corolla 02-07 3.66 3.37 3.98 0.60

Toyota Corolla 07-11 3.26 2.75 3.86 1.10

Toyota Tercel 83-88 5.69 4.11 7.89 3.78

Toyota MR2 87-90 7.53 5.41 10.49 5.08

Toyota MR2 91-00 4.78 3.07 7.44 4.37


Toyota MR2 00-05 5.29 2.13 13.18 11.06


Toyota Prius II 03-09 2.04 1.18 3.50 2.32

Volvo 300 Series 84-88 6.24 3.62 10.76 7.14

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 2.39 1.57 3.62 2.05

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 6.90 4.43 10.75 6.32

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 3.64 2.63 5.02 2.38




Light Cars 5.31 5.18 5.44 0.26

Citroen C3 02-10 3.01 1.24 7.31 6.06




Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 5.62 3.68 8.58 4.90

Daihatsu Move 97-99 5.78 2.80 11.95 9.16



Daihatsu Mira 90-96 10.91 8.99 13.23 4.24

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 6.09 4.87 7.63 2.76

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 5.96 4.30 8.26 3.96


Ford Ka 99-02 5.71 4.19 7.76 3.57

Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 1.64 0.43 6.35 5.92

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 4.09 2.37 7.05 4.68


Holden Barina SB 95-00 5.13 4.62 5.69 1.07

Holden Barina TK 05-11 4.38 3.68 5.22 1.55

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 4.71 4.22 5.27 1.05



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 4.30 3.06 6.06 3.00




Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 4.74 3.81 5.90 2.09

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 3.26 2.42 4.40 1.98

Nissan Micra 95-97 6.84 5.39 8.66 3.27

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 3.54 2.91 4.31 1.40

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 3.31 1.98 5.55 3.58

Honda City 83-86 8.65 7.10 10.55 3.45

Honda City 09-11 1.68 0.52 5.49 4.97

Peugeot 205 87-94 4.99 3.09 8.04 4.95

Peugeot 207 07-11 1.93 0.63 5.95 5.32

Peugeot 206 99-07 4.57 3.38 6.18 2.80

Proton Satria 97-05 4.03 1.74 9.33 7.59

Renault Clio 01-08 5.77 3.55 9.36 5.80


Suzuki Swift 82-85 9.33 6.15 14.17 8.03




Suzuki Alto 85-00 10.78 8.26 14.07 5.81

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 6.65 5.07 8.73 3.66

Suzuki Swift 05-10 4.14 3.53 4.85 1.32

Toyota Starlet 96-99 6.00 5.36 6.71 1.34

Toyota Echo 99-05 4.86 4.41 5.35 0.94


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 4.03 2.76 5.89 3.13

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 3.49 2.24 5.44 3.20

CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS (WITH 90% CONFIDENCE LIMITS)




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 5.20 4.28 6.31 2.03

Holden Cruze 02-06 5.19 4.23 6.37 2.13

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 4.16 2.68 6.44 3.76



Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 1.34 0.79 2.28 1.49

Kia Sportage 98-03 3.55 2.76 4.58 1.82

Kia Sportage KM 05-10 3.66 2.08 6.44 4.36

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 3.08 2.66 3.56 0.89

Nissan Dualis 07-11 3.82 2.01 7.28 5.27

Lada Niva 84-99 4.69 3.22 6.83 3.61

Honda HR-V 99-02 4.57 3.30 6.32 3.01




/ SJ413

82-99 6.75 6.11 7.46 1.35

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 4.82 3.65 6.39 2.74

Suzuki SX4 07-11 3.04 1.80 5.12 3.31


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 4.27 2.87 6.34 3.47





Holden Adventra 03-06 1.67 0.89 3.11 2.22


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 2.99 2.11 4.23 2.13







Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 3.71 3.07 4.49 1.42


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 3.55 2.49 5.07 2.58

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 2.20 1.44 3.35 1.91

Jeep Wrangler 05-11 1.54 0.68 3.47 2.79



Mazda CX-7 06-11 0.78 0.30 2.01 1.71



Nissan Murano 05-08 1.73 0.82 3.63 2.81


Honda CR-V 97-01 3.04 2.60 3.57 0.97

Honda CR-V 02-06 2.57 2.12 3.11 0.99

Honda CR-V 07-11 2.80 2.01 3.90 1.88

Subaru Tribeca 06-11 2.42 0.97 6.02 5.05

Subaru Forester 08-11 2.23 1.37 3.62 2.25

Subaru Forester 97-02 2.98 2.51 3.52 1.01

Subaru Forester 02-08 2.58 2.16 3.09 0.93




Toyota RAV4 94-00 4.17 3.69 4.71 1.03

Toyota RAV4 01-06 3.13 2.72 3.60 0.89

Lexus RX330 03-05 2.77 1.63 4.70 3.08

Toyota RAV4 06-11 2.76 2.23 3.40 1.17


BMW X5 01-08 1.15 0.66 2.00 1.34

Ford Bronco 82-87 7.06 4.35 11.48 7.13

Ford Explorer 00-01 4.61 3.45 6.15 2.70

Ford Explorer 01-05 2.65 1.78 3.93 2.15




Kia Sorento 03-09 3.03 2.05 4.48 2.43

















Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Volvo XC90 03-11 1.61 0.76 3.42 2.66


Commercial- Utes 3.44 3.36 3.52 0.16


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 3.73 3.19 4.36 1.17




Ford F-Series 01-06 2.56 1.59 4.12 2.53





Holden Rodeo 96-98 3.69 3.21 4.24 1.03

Holden Rodeo 99-02 3.99 3.53 4.51 0.98

Holden WB Series 82-85 5.97 5.06 7.06 2.00




Holden Rodeo 03-08 2.90 2.57 3.27 0.70





Kia Ceres 92-00 6.22 5.19 7.44 2.24

Kia K2700 02-08 4.98 2.98 8.32 5.34




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 5.19 4.33 6.22 1.89

Nissan Navara 86-91 4.77 4.25 5.36 1.11

Nissan Navara 92-96 4.21 3.58 4.95 1.37

Nissan Navara 97-05 2.75 2.39 3.16 0.77

Nissan Navara 05-11 2.47 1.94 3.15 1.22

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 2.92 1.59 5.35 3.76

Subaru Brumby 82-92 7.50 6.57 8.56 1.99





Toyota Hilux 98-02 3.20 2.91 3.51 0.60

Toyota Hilux 03-04 2.91 2.48 3.43 0.95

Toyota Hilux 05-11 2.31 2.05 2.60 0.55

Commercial - Vans 3.93 3.77 4.10 0.32


Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 14.35 10.50 19.62 9.12


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval




Ford Transit 95-00 3.53 2.69 4.61 1.92

Ford Transit 01-07 1.47 1.03 2.09 1.06

Fiat Ducato 02-07 1.47 0.59 3.67 3.08


Hyundai iLoad 08-11 2.64 1.39 5.01 3.61


Kia Pregio 02-06 3.72 2.74 5.05 2.31





Honda Acty 83-86 4.64 3.05 7.06 4.00


Suzuki Carry 99-05 4.66 2.49 8.72 6.23





Toyota Hiace 05-11 4.13 3.12 5.47 2.35




Large Cars 3.61 3.55 3.67 0.11

Audi A8 95-03 2.63 1.17 5.92 4.75

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 1.95 0.98 3.89 2.91

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 3.83 2.84 5.15 2.32

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 3.51 2.67 4.61 1.94

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 2.38 1.75 3.24 1.49

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 2.97 1.53 5.75 4.22

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 4.90 3.32 7.23 3.92

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 1.76 0.87 3.57 2.70

Chrysler 300C 06-10 2.37 1.04 5.38 4.34

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 5.07 4.89 5.26 0.37








Ford Falcon FG 08-11 1.63 1.20 2.20 1.00

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 3.84 3.69 4.00 0.31

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 3.50 3.32 3.69 0.37

Ford Taurus 96-98 4.54 3.35 6.16 2.82

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 2.75 2.59 2.94 0.35


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval









Holden Monaro 01-05 3.53 2.75 4.54 1.79





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 4.35 3.83 4.95 1.12



V3000

85-90 5.35 5.10 5.61 0.51



96-03 4.02 3.79 4.27 0.47


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 4.28 4.06 4.50 0.44


Mitsubishi 380 05-08 2.16 1.58 2.97 1.39

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 6.22 4.14 9.34 5.20

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 2.29 1.41 3.71 2.30

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 1.94 0.98 3.86 2.88

Kia Optima 01-06 2.60 1.14 5.95 4.81

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 5.48 4.86 6.18 1.32







Nissan Skyline 83-88 5.18 4.76 5.64 0.88


Nissan Maxima 90-94 4.41 3.63 5.36 1.73


Nissan Maxima 00-02 3.81 2.88 5.05 2.17

Nissan Maxima 06-09 2.82 1.99 3.98 1.98

Honda Legend 86-95 3.52 2.71 4.58 1.87

Rover 3500 82-87 2.57 1.14 5.83 4.69

Saab 9-5 98-05 2.44 1.27 4.70 3.43




Toyota Supra 82-90 6.50 5.01 8.43 3.42

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 4.03 3.07 5.31 2.24

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 2.19 1.14 4.20 3.06

Toyota Avalon 00-05 3.14 2.72 3.63 0.91

Toyota Aurion 06-11 2.24 1.72 2.91 1.19


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 3.45 2.81 4.24 1.43

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 3.16 2.55 3.93 1.38

Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 3.17 1.51 6.66 5.15

Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 1.56 0.71 3.43 2.72

Medium Cars 3.78 3.72 3.85 0.13

Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 4.72 2.35 9.47 7.12

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 3.79 2.52 5.68 3.15

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 3.03 1.71 5.39 3.68

Audi A4 95-01 3.56 2.71 4.67 1.96

Audi TT 99-06 3.16 1.49 6.69 5.20

Audi A4 01-08 1.73 1.07 2.81 1.75

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 3.18 1.91 5.31 3.40

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 1.80 1.19 2.74 1.55

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 4.33 3.81 4.92 1.10

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 3.66 3.27 4.09 0.82

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 3.26 2.79 3.81 1.02


Citroen C5 01-08 3.49 1.72 7.06 5.34

Daewoo Espero 95-97 6.65 5.39 8.21 2.82

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 4.20 3.25 5.43 2.17

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 8.35 5.37 12.97 7.60

Ford Mondeo 95-01 3.21 2.76 3.74 0.99

Ford Mondeo 07-11 2.90 1.72 4.90 3.18

Ford Probe 94-98 4.92 3.22 7.51 4.29

Ford Cougar 99-03 3.18 2.44 4.14 1.70

Holden Calibra 94-97 4.16 2.95 5.87 2.92

Holden Camira 82-89 6.40 6.06 6.77 0.71

Holden Vectra 97-03 3.30 2.90 3.77 0.87

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 2.50 1.73 3.63 1.90

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 3.89 3.00 5.03 2.03


Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 3.27 1.58 6.77 5.19



Lambda

82-84 5.64 5.29 6.02 0.73



Jaguar X-Type 02-10 1.59 0.75 3.37 2.61

Kia Credos 98-01 7.14 3.83 13.31 9.48




Cronos

92-97 4.28 3.93 4.66 0.73

Mazda 626 98-02 3.54 3.02 4.15 1.14

Mazda RX7 82-85 6.08 4.67 7.92 3.26

Mazda RX7 86-91 4.67 3.36 6.47 3.11

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 3.93 2.52 6.12 3.60

Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 3.00 1.40 6.43 5.03

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 2.63 2.23 3.10 0.87


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda RX-8 03-11 0.82 0.31 2.14 1.83

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 2.84 1.80 4.47 2.67








Nissan Pintara 86-88 5.19 4.70 5.73 1.03


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 6.35 5.97 6.74 0.77

Nissan 280ZX 82-84 5.96 3.27 10.84 7.57

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 3.90 3.40 4.47 1.07

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 3.80 3.08 4.69 1.61



Honda Accord 03-07 2.11 1.56 2.85 1.29

Honda Accord 82-85 6.15 5.50 6.89 1.40

Honda Accord 86-90 4.43 3.92 5.02 1.10

Honda Accord 91-93 3.92 3.31 4.63 1.32

Honda Accord 94-98 3.85 3.41 4.35 0.94

Honda Accord 99-02 2.82 2.14 3.72 1.59

Honda Accord 08-11 3.62 2.33 5.63 3.30


Honda Prelude 82-82 4.14 2.18 7.84 5.66

Honda Prelude 83-91 5.27 4.78 5.81 1.03

Honda Prelude 92-96 4.58 3.88 5.42 1.54

Honda Prelude 97-02 2.77 2.00 3.85 1.85

Peugeot 407 04-11 1.19 0.50 2.82 2.32

Peugeot 405 89-97 4.11 3.12 5.41 2.29

Peugeot 505 82-93 3.18 2.31 4.38 2.07

Peugeot 406 96-04 2.50 1.55 4.04 2.50

Porsche 944 82-91 6.45 3.39 12.27 8.88

Renault Feugo 82-87 4.53 2.96 6.95 3.99

Rover 75 01-05 3.50 1.71 7.16 5.45

Saab 900 Series 82-92 4.35 3.42 5.52 2.09

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 2.66 2.02 3.49 1.47

Saab 9000 86-97 2.54 1.84 3.51 1.67

Saab 9-3 03-11 3.31 2.00 5.48 3.48


Wagon

82-93 5.62 5.18 6.09 0.92





Toyota Corona 82-88 5.80 5.49 6.14 0.65

Toyota Camry 83-86 5.71 5.05 6.46 1.41




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota Camry 98-02 3.60 3.38 3.85 0.47

Toyota Celica 81-85 5.03 4.34 5.83 1.49

Toyota Celica 86-89 5.00 4.27 5.86 1.59

Toyota Celica 90-93 5.10 4.43 5.86 1.43

Toyota Celica 94-99 4.23 3.49 5.12 1.63

Toyota Celica 00-05 3.52 2.45 5.06 2.61

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 1.57 0.91 2.72 1.80

Toyota Camry 02-06 2.96 2.69 3.26 0.57

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 1.91 0.99 3.67 2.68

Toyota Camry 06-11 2.55 2.14 3.05 0.91

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 3.90 3.32 4.58 1.27

Volvo S60 01-09 1.63 0.72 3.72 3.00

Volvo S40/V50 04-11 0.87 0.17 4.43 4.26



People Movers 4.09 3.92 4.27 0.35


Holden Zafira TT 01-05 3.11 1.97 4.91







Kia Carens 00-02 6.94 3.44 14.00 10.56

Kia Carnival 99-06 2.79 2.17 3.58 1.41

Kia Carnival 06-11 1.56 0.89 2.75 1.86

Mazda MPV 94-99 2.34 1.26 4.35 3.09

Mazda MPV 00-06 2.39 1.19 4.78 3.59

Nissan Prairie 84-86 5.55 4.14 7.45 3.31

Nissan Serena 92-95 3.18 2.10 4.82 2.72

Honda Odyssey 95-00 2.78 2.12 3.64 1.52

Honda Odyssey 00-02 3.27 1.94 5.52 3.59

Honda Odyssey 04-09 1.83 1.09 3.08 1.99

Toyota Tarago 83-89 6.90 6.26 7.61 1.35



Toyota Spacia 93-00 4.68 2.81 7.79 4.98


Toyota Tarago 06-11 2.36 1.35 4.12 2.77

Small Cars 4.43 4.36 4.50 0.14

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 5.35 3.99 7.17 3.18

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 3.56 1.63 7.77 6.14

Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 8.30 5.02 13.70 8.67




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Audi A3 04-09 2.24 1.11 4.51 3.40

Audi A3/S3 97-04 2.63 1.62 4.26 2.64

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 3.00 2.05 4.39 2.34

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 3.27 2.11 5.09 2.98

Chrysler Neon 96-99 4.77 3.47 6.55 3.08

Chrysler Neon 00-02 5.07 2.81 9.18 6.37

Citroen BX 86-94 1.03 0.39 2.76 2.38

Citroen C4 05-10 3.28 1.52 7.09 5.56

Citroen Xsara 00-05 3.34 1.35 8.25 6.90


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 7.25 4.33 12.14 7.80

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 5.46 4.90 6.08 1.18

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 4.23 3.72 4.82 1.10

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 5.66 5.17 6.19 1.02

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 3.93 2.28 6.79 4.51

Ford Laser 91-94 5.42 5.12 5.73 0.61

Ford Laser 95-97 5.15 4.67 5.67 1.00

Ford Capri 89-94 6.65 5.66 7.82 2.16

Ford Focus LR 02-05 3.34 2.79 3.99 1.20

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 2.96 2.48 3.54 1.06

Ford Focus LV 09-11 2.09 0.87 5.01 4.14

Fiat Regata 84-88 5.56 3.24 9.51 6.27

Holden Gemini 82-84 6.49 5.97 7.06 1.09

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 6.78 5.63 8.17 2.55

Holden Astra TR 96-98 4.05 3.30 4.96 1.65

Holden Astra TS 98-06 3.35 3.09 3.62 0.53

Holden Astra AH 04-09 3.01 2.54 3.56 1.01

Holden Viva JF 05-09 3.69 2.97 4.58 1.61


Hyundai Excel 86-90 7.55 6.82 8.36 1.54

Hyundai Excel 90-94 6.82 6.38 7.29 0.91


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 4.28 3.73 4.89 1.16

Hyundai Accent 06-09 3.42 2.15 5.45 3.30

Hyundai i30 07-11 3.61 2.81 4.65 1.85

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 6.69 5.58 8.03 2.45

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 5.87 5.06 6.80 1.74

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 5.08 4.59 5.63 1.04

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 5.11 4.07 6.43 2.36

Hyundai Accent 00-06 5.12 4.66 5.63 0.97









Kia Rio 00-05 4.87 4.30 5.52 1.22

Kia Spectra 01-04 4.75 3.31 6.81 3.50


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 3.61 2.70 4.83 2.13

Kia Rio JB 05-11 4.61 3.82 5.55 1.73




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 3.68 3.36 4.04 0.68




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 4.44 3.23 6.11 2.88

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 3.02 2.73 3.35 0.63

Mazda MX-5 05-11 4.29 2.24 8.22 5.98

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 2.72 1.92 3.85 1.93






Nissan Stanza 82-83 5.16 3.64 7.32 3.68


Nissan Exa 83-86 8.95 6.91 11.59 4.67

Nissan Exa 87-91 6.69 4.55 9.82 5.27

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 7.42 6.10 9.03 2.93


Nissan Tiida 06-11 5.11 3.88 6.74 2.85

Honda Civic 82-83 6.57 5.53 7.82 2.29



Honda Civic 92-95 4.81 4.37 5.30 0.93

Honda Civic 96-00 4.47 4.04 4.95 0.91

Honda CRX 87-91 8.05 6.55 9.90 3.35

Honda CRX 92-98 5.17 3.51 7.63 4.12

Honda S2000 99-09 1.82 0.85 3.90 3.05

Honda Civic 01-05 3.43 2.86 4.12 1.26

Honda Civic 06-11 2.96 2.39 3.65 1.26

Honda Integra 86-88 6.10 5.03 7.41 2.38

Honda Integra 90-92 4.93 4.03 6.04 2.01

Honda Integra 93-01 4.45 3.70 5.36 1.66

Honda Integra 02-06 4.01 2.56 6.30 3.74

Honda Concerto 89-93 4.94 3.93 6.22 2.29

Peugeot 308 08-11 2.44 1.14 5.23 4.09

Peugeot 306 94-01 3.15 2.51 3.95 1.44

Peugeot 307 01-09 1.42 0.95 2.14 1.20

Proton Wira 95-96 5.41 4.54 6.45 1.91

Proton Gen 2 04-11 6.79 4.40 10.47 6.07


Renault 19 91-96 4.68 2.91 7.54 4.63

Renault Scenic 01-04 2.92 1.60 5.35 3.75

Rover Quintet 82-86 6.00 4.11 8.76 4.65

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 3.27 1.95 5.49 3.54


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Subaru Impreza 93-00 5.25 4.80 5.74 0.94

Subaru Impreza 01-07 3.08 2.65 3.57 0.92

Subaru Impreza 07-11 2.71 1.80 4.10 2.30


Suzuki Liana 01-07 3.66 2.69 4.98 2.29

Toyota Corolla 82-84 6.47 6.06 6.90 0.83

Toyota Corolla 86-88 6.05 5.73 6.38 0.64




Toyota Corolla 02-07 3.66 3.42 3.92 0.50

Toyota Corolla 07-11 3.26 2.83 3.75 0.92

Toyota Tercel 83-88 5.69 4.33 7.48 3.14

Toyota MR2 87-90 7.53 5.71 9.94 4.23

Toyota MR2 91-00 4.78 3.30 6.92 3.62


Toyota MR2 00-05 5.29 2.47 11.36 8.89


Toyota Prius II 03-09 2.04 1.29 3.21 1.92

Volvo 300 Series 84-88 6.24 3.95 9.84 5.89

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 2.39 1.68 3.38 1.70

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 6.90 4.76 10.00 5.24

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 3.64 2.78 4.76 1.98




Light Cars 5.31 5.20 5.42 0.22

Citroen C3 02-10 3.01 1.44 6.32 4.89




Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 5.62 3.94 8.01 4.07

Daihatsu Move 97-99 5.78 3.15 10.62 7.47



Daihatsu Mira 90-96 10.91 9.28 12.82 3.54

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 6.09 5.05 7.35 2.31

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 5.96 4.54 7.83 3.30


Ford Ka 99-02 5.71 4.41 7.38 2.97

Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 1.64 0.53 5.09 4.56

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 4.09 2.59 6.45 3.86


Holden Barina SB 95-00 5.13 4.70 5.60 0.89

Holden Barina TK 05-11 4.38 3.78 5.08 1.29

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 4.71 4.29 5.17 0.88


Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 4.30 3.23 5.73 2.49


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval




Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 4.74 3.95 5.69 1.74

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 3.26 2.54 4.19 1.65

Nissan Micra 95-97 6.84 5.61 8.34 2.73

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 3.54 3.00 4.17 1.17

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 3.31 2.15 5.11 2.95

Honda City 83-86 8.65 7.33 10.21 2.88

Honda City 09-11 1.68 0.63 4.53 3.90

Peugeot 205 87-94 4.99 3.34 7.44 4.10

Peugeot 207 07-11 1.93 0.75 4.95 4.20

Peugeot 206 99-07 4.57 3.55 5.88 2.33

Proton Satria 97-05 4.03 1.99 8.13 6.14

Renault Clio 01-08 5.77 3.85 8.64 4.80


Suzuki Swift 82-85 9.33 6.58 13.24 6.66




Suzuki Alto 85-00 10.78 8.63 13.47 4.84

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 6.65 5.30 8.35 3.05

Suzuki Swift 05-10 4.14 3.63 4.73 1.10

Toyota Starlet 96-99 6.00 5.46 6.59 1.12

Toyota Echo 99-05 4.86 4.48 5.26 0.78


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 4.03 2.93 5.54 2.60

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 3.49 2.41 5.06 2.65

APPENDIX 5

AGGRESSIVITY INJURY RISK AGGRESSIVITY INJURY SEVERITY AND RATINGS OF VEHICLE AGGRESSIVITY

(with 95% and 90% CONFIDENCE LIMITS), TOWARDS OTHER VEHICLE DRIVERS

AND UNPROTECTED ROAD USERS

AGGRESSIVITY INJURY RISK RATINGS

New South Wales Data (1987-2011), South Australia Data (1995-2011),

Queensland Data (1991-2010) and Western Australia Data (1991-2011)


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 15.04 12.11 18.52 6.41

Holden Cruze 02-06 15.53 12.43 19.24 6.81

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 14.69 10.51 20.16 9.65


Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 18.68 14.67 23.48 8.81

Kia Sportage 98-03 19.88 16.71 23.48 6.77

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 15.81 14.06 17.75 3.69

Lada Niva 84-99 18.04 13.74 23.32 9.58

Honda HR-V 99-02 15.97 12.46 20.23 7.78




/ SJ413

82-99 16.04 14.54 17.66 3.12

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 17.28 12.96 22.66 9.69

Suzuki SX4 07-11 11.06 6.84 17.42 10.58


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 12.87 8.80 18.44 9.64





Holden Adventra 03-06 16.52 12.03 22.27 10.24


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 21.13 16.93 26.05 9.12







Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 20.51 18.17 23.07 4.90

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 23.57 19.32 28.44 9.12

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 21.94 17.55 27.07 9.52



Mazda CX-7 06-11 17.64 12.62 24.11 11.49




Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Honda CR-V 97-01 15.65 13.90 17.57 3.67

Honda CR-V 02-06 14.49 12.65 16.55 3.90

Honda CR-V 07-11 16.66 12.86 21.30 8.44

Subaru Forester 08-11 15.54 11.55 20.58 9.03

Subaru Forester 97-02 14.97 12.94 17.27 4.34

Subaru Forester 02-08 15.67 13.67 17.90 4.23



Toyota RAV4 94-00 17.02 15.40 18.77 3.37

Toyota RAV4 01-06 17.78 16.01 19.69 3.67

Lexus RX330 03-05 12.89 8.22 19.64 11.43

Toyota RAV4 06-11 12.65 10.66 14.95 4.29


BMW X5 01-08 14.62 11.58 18.28 6.69

Ford Bronco 82-87 28.07 20.38 37.31 16.93

Ford Explorer 00-01 21.16 16.66 26.48 9.81

Ford Explorer 01-05 17.16 12.50 23.11 10.61




Kia Sorento 03-09 18.40 13.54 24.49 10.95
















Commercial - Utes 17.95 17.66 18.23 0.57


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 20.36 18.43 22.45 4.02




Ford F-Series 01-06 24.05 18.80 30.23 11.43





Holden Rodeo 96-98 19.34 17.71 21.08 3.37

Holden Rodeo 99-02 20.52 18.89 22.24 3.35


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Holden WB Series 82-85 19.59 17.22 22.20 4.98




Holden Rodeo 03-08 21.52 20.12 22.98 2.86





Kia Ceres 92-00 14.09 11.85 16.67 4.82

Kia K2700 02-08 16.11 10.76 23.41 12.65




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 18.99 16.36 21.93 5.57

Nissan Navara 86-91 19.66 18.04 21.39 3.36

Nissan Navara 92-96 20.62 18.49 22.94 4.45

Nissan Navara 97-05 19.26 17.69 20.93 3.24

Nissan Navara 05-11 17.42 14.89 20.28 5.40

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 12.45 7.97 18.94 10.97

Subaru Brumby 82-92 15.67 13.15 18.56 5.40





Toyota Hilux 98-02 19.61 18.49 20.79 2.30

Toyota Hilux 03-04 18.58 16.79 20.52 3.74

Toyota Hilux 05-11 17.77 16.56 19.04 2.49

Commercial - Vans 19.95 19.40 20.51 1.11





Ford Transit 95-00 23.17 20.24 26.39 6.15

Ford Transit 01-07 19.85 16.79 23.30 6.51



Kia Pregio 02-06 23.54 20.17 27.29 7.12




Honda Acty 83-86 13.32 8.31 20.67 12.37






Toyota Hiace 05-11 20.44 17.18 24.13 6.95





Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Large Cars 16.41 16.23 16.59 0.37

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 15.21 10.42 21.67 11.25

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 17.67 14.30 21.65 7.35

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 15.23 12.22 18.83 6.61

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 16.00 13.15 19.33 6.18

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 17.76 11.73 25.98 14.25

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 18.79 12.86 26.61 13.75

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 23.63 16.83 32.11 15.28

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 18.33 17.80 18.87 1.07








Ford Falcon FG 08-11 14.34 12.03 16.99 4.96

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 18.62 18.12 19.12 1.00

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 18.34 17.72 18.98 1.26

Ford Taurus 96-98 19.49 15.45 24.27 8.81

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 17.74 17.06 18.45 1.40









Holden Monaro 01-05 19.62 16.34 23.38 7.04





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 16.75 15.28 18.32 3.05



V3000

85-90 16.85 16.20 17.52 1.31



96-03 17.76 17.11 18.43 1.32


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 17.99 17.38 18.62 1.24


Mitsubishi 380 05-08 15.25 12.73 18.17 5.44

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 20.50 14.80 27.67 12.87

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 22.38 17.65 27.94 10.29

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 21.85 15.35 30.13 14.77

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 18.05 16.20 20.06 3.86






Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Mercedes Benz S-Class C140 93-98 17.61 11.94 25.21 13.27



Nissan Skyline 83-88 18.76 17.33 20.27 2.94


Nissan Maxima 90-94 17.05 14.05 20.53 6.48


Nissan Maxima 00-02 16.23 12.61 20.64 8.03

Nissan Maxima 06-09 15.21 11.49 19.85 8.36

Honda Legend 86-95 21.20 17.70 25.18 7.47

Rover 3500 82-87 19.54 12.12 29.94 17.82

Saab 9-5 98-05 14.50 10.05 20.49 10.44




Toyota Supra 82-90 23.54 18.78 29.07 10.29

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 19.05 15.36 23.39 8.02

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 14.64 9.72 21.47 11.76

Lexus GS300 97-04 15.76 10.20 23.55 13.36

Toyota Avalon 00-05 18.50 16.92 20.19 3.27

Toyota Aurion 06-11 15.10 13.02 17.44 4.42

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 18.69 16.53 21.07 4.54

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 17.27 15.10 19.68 4.57

Medium Cars 15.14 14.94 15.34 0.41

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 11.63 8.51 15.70 7.19

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 9.62 6.08 14.89 8.81

Audi A4 95-01 15.04 12.24 18.35 6.12

Audi A4 01-08 13.71 10.97 17.01 6.04

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 16.30 10.73 23.99 13.26

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 14.43 11.57 17.85 6.28

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 14.93 13.31 16.70 3.39

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 13.86 12.67 15.15 2.48

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 15.20 13.68 16.87 3.19


Daewoo Espero 95-97 17.95 15.03 21.29 6.26

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 17.82 14.85 21.22 6.37

Ford Cortina 82-82 17.38 15.63 19.29 3.65

Ford Mondeo 95-01 15.77 14.00 17.72 3.73

Ford Mondeo 07-11 14.49 9.34 21.81 12.47

Ford Probe 94-98 16.27 11.26 22.92 11.66

Ford Cougar 99-03 11.26 8.88 14.17 5.30

Holden Calibra 94-97 18.56 14.25 23.81 9.56

Holden Camira 82-89 17.59 16.69 18.53 1.85

Holden Vectra 97-03 15.94 14.54 17.44 2.90

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 17.87 14.08 22.41 8.34

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 16.89 14.41 19.70 5.29




Lambda

82-84 16.13 15.26 17.04 1.78



Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Jaguar X-Type 02-10 15.36 10.20 22.48 12.28




Cronos

92-97 14.17 13.10 15.32 2.22

Mazda 626 98-02 14.10 12.39 16.00 3.61

Mazda RX7 82-85 14.02 10.01 19.30 9.29

Mazda RX7 86-91 18.57 13.51 24.98 11.47

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 17.41 13.04 22.87 9.83

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 14.52 12.89 16.32 3.43

Mazda RX-8 03-11 20.03 14.56 26.89 12.33

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 18.53 13.36 25.11 11.74







Nissan Pintara 86-88 16.17 14.90 17.54 2.64


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 15.36 14.37 16.40 2.03

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 15.57 13.57 17.82 4.25

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 15.34 12.74 18.37 5.63



Honda Accord 03-07 15.36 12.88 18.21 5.34

Honda Accord 82-85 14.35 12.17 16.85 4.68

Honda Accord 86-90 15.11 13.23 17.19 3.96

Honda Accord 91-93 17.58 15.35 20.05 4.70

Honda Accord 94-98 17.59 16.06 19.23 3.17

Honda Accord 99-02 17.64 14.54 21.25 6.71

Honda Accord 08-11 17.19 12.09 23.86 11.77

Honda Prelude 82-82 11.78 6.25 21.09 14.84

Honda Prelude 83-91 14.85 13.24 16.62 3.38

Honda Prelude 92-96 14.36 12.19 16.83 4.64

Honda Prelude 97-02 16.17 13.09 19.82 6.73

Peugeot 405 89-97 12.93 9.57 17.23 7.66

Peugeot 505 82-93 14.68 11.01 19.30 8.28

Peugeot 406 96-04 8.81 5.25 14.40 9.14

Renault Feugo 82-87 13.59 8.32 21.41 13.09

Saab 900 Series 82-92 13.34 10.63 16.62 5.99

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 14.79 12.54 17.36 4.83

Saab 9000 86-97 15.39 12.72 18.50 5.78

Saab 9-3 03-11 18.45 13.28 25.05 11.78


Wagon

82-93 15.30 14.04 16.64 2.60





Toyota Corona 82-88 15.73 15.02 16.47 1.46

Toyota Camry 83-86 17.43 15.72 19.28 3.56




Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota Camry 98-02 17.58 16.90 18.29 1.39

Toyota Celica 81-85 19.56 17.49 21.82 4.33

Toyota Celica 86-89 18.38 16.29 20.67 4.38

Toyota Celica 90-93 18.57 16.65 20.67 4.02

Toyota Celica 94-99 16.62 14.40 19.11 4.71

Toyota Celica 00-05 14.63 11.44 18.52 7.08

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 15.91 12.90 19.47 6.57

Toyota Camry 02-06 16.74 15.76 17.76 1.99

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 14.74 10.67 20.00 9.33

Toyota Camry 06-11 13.61 12.07 15.31 3.23

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 15.87 14.10 17.83 3.73

Volvo S60 01-09 18.99 13.24 26.47 13.23


People Movers 17.71 17.15 18.29 1.14


Holden Zafira TT 01-05 13.66 9.92 18.52 8.60







Kia Carnival 99-06 21.83 19.05 24.89 5.85

Kia Carnival 06-11 18.52 14.09 23.95 9.86

Mazda MPV 94-99 22.10 17.23 27.88 10.65

Mazda MPV 00-06 15.10 10.15 21.88 11.72

Nissan Prairie 84-86 14.33 9.67 20.73 11.06

Nissan Serena 92-95 14.99 9.28 23.30 14.02

Honda Odyssey 95-00 19.21 15.43 23.66 8.23

Honda Odyssey 00-02 19.27 13.89 26.11 12.22

Honda Odyssey 04-09 15.92 12.27 20.40 8.13

Toyota Tarago 83-89 18.12 16.56 19.79 3.22




Toyota Tarago 06-11 15.11 11.24 20.00 8.76

Small Cars 13.43 13.26 13.59 0.33

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 7.89 5.09 12.03 6.94

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 21.54 14.55 30.68 16.13

Audi A3/S3 97-04 14.77 10.81 19.85 9.04

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 15.04 10.85 20.49 9.64

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 16.47 12.23 21.81 9.58

Chrysler Neon 96-99 16.60 13.10 20.82 7.71


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 19.73 13.82 27.36 13.54

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 14.08 12.83 15.43 2.60

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 15.07 13.67 16.58 2.92

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 16.60 15.40 17.86 2.46

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 17.07 11.61 24.40 12.80

Ford Laser 91-94 14.46 13.75 15.21 1.46


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford Laser 95-97 13.50 12.38 14.72 2.34

Ford Escort 82-82 16.91 14.78 19.27 4.49

Ford Capri 89-94 17.14 14.93 19.60 4.67

Ford Focus LR 02-05 15.89 13.94 18.05 4.11

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 13.15 11.40 15.13 3.72

Fiat Regata 84-88 12.86 7.24 21.83 14.60

Holden Gemini 82-84 14.07 12.80 15.44 2.65

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 13.60 11.12 16.53 5.40

Holden Astra TR 96-98 14.04 11.88 16.52 4.64

Holden Astra TS 98-06 14.05 13.29 14.85 1.56

Holden Astra AH 04-09 15.37 13.73 17.17 3.44

Holden Viva JF 05-09 13.16 10.99 15.67 4.68


Hyundai Excel 86-90 16.81 15.10 18.66 3.56

Hyundai Excel 90-94 14.86 13.97 15.78 1.81


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 15.84 14.42 17.37 2.96

Hyundai Accent 06-09 13.19 9.24 18.48 9.24

Hyundai i30 07-11 11.04 8.55 14.13 5.57

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 13.37 11.18 15.91 4.72

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 16.34 14.51 18.35 3.84

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 15.72 14.50 17.02 2.51

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 17.13 14.39 20.28 5.89

Hyundai Accent 00-06 16.67 15.53 17.87 2.33








Kia Rio 00-05 13.70 12.27 15.27 3.00

Kia Spectra 01-04 15.18 11.10 20.41 9.31

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 14.23 11.49 17.50 6.00

Kia Rio JB 05-11 11.44 9.45 13.79 4.34




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 13.57 12.66 14.53 1.88




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 13.94 10.65 18.06 7.41

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 13.87 12.86 14.96 2.10

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 11.93 8.73 16.10 7.36






Nissan Stanza 82-83 17.83 13.17 23.69 10.52


Nissan Exa 83-86 21.53 16.40 27.73 11.33

Nissan Exa 87-91 18.37 12.36 26.42 14.06


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 21.77 18.45 25.51 7.06


Nissan Tiida 06-11 12.49 9.37 16.46 7.09

Honda Civic 82-83 11.20 7.98 15.52 7.54



Honda Civic 92-95 15.18 13.96 16.48 2.52

Honda Civic 96-00 16.01 14.85 17.24 2.39

Honda CRX 87-91 15.38 10.42 22.11 11.69

Honda CRX 92-98 17.51 11.73 25.33 13.60

Honda Civic 01-05 13.78 11.93 15.87 3.94

Honda Civic 06-11 12.49 10.60 14.67 4.07

Honda Integra 86-88 14.81 11.28 19.21 7.94

Honda Integra 90-92 19.26 15.63 23.48 7.85

Honda Integra 93-01 16.29 13.66 19.32 5.67

Honda Integra 02-06 16.08 11.84 21.46 9.63

Honda Concerto 89-93 12.34 9.12 16.48 7.37

Peugeot 306 94-01 13.35 11.01 16.11 5.10

Peugeot 307 01-09 12.85 10.05 16.30 6.25

Proton Wira 95-96 13.64 11.69 15.85 4.16

Renault 19 91-96 16.05 11.11 22.63 11.52

Renault Scenic 01-04 13.06 8.51 19.51 11.00

Rover Quintet 82-86 13.17 7.74 21.52 13.77

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 9.00 5.33 14.78 9.44

Subaru Impreza 93-00 15.35 14.08 16.72 2.64

Subaru Impreza 01-07 14.17 12.72 15.75 3.03

Subaru Impreza 07-11 11.38 8.41 15.24 6.83


Suzuki Liana 01-07 11.93 8.92 15.79 6.87

Toyota Corolla 82-84 13.58 12.66 14.54 1.88

Toyota Corolla 86-88 14.19 13.47 14.94 1.47




Toyota Corolla 02-07 13.95 13.25 14.68 1.44

Toyota Corolla 07-11 14.22 12.76 15.82 3.05

Toyota Tercel 83-88 17.91 13.64 23.15 9.50

Toyota MR2 87-90 13.91 8.86 21.17 12.31

Toyota MR2 91-00 14.99 9.06 23.80 14.75



Toyota Prius II 03-09 11.12 8.04 15.18 7.13

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 15.77 12.90 19.13 6.22

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 15.13 10.15 21.94 11.79

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 13.33 10.99 16.07 5.09




Light Cars 12.33 12.10 12.56 0.46





Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 10.26 7.03 14.73 7.70


Daihatsu Mira 90-96 12.47 9.75 15.81 6.06

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 12.41 10.25 14.94 4.69

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 13.29 10.02 17.41 7.39


Ford Ka 99-02 11.71 8.80 15.43 6.63

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 21.59 15.48 29.28 13.80


Holden Barina SB 95-00 13.65 12.72 14.64 1.92

Holden Barina TK 05-11 12.59 10.96 14.41 3.45

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 14.28 13.18 15.44 2.26


Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 12.38 8.95 16.87 7.92




Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 12.11 10.09 14.48 4.38

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 12.63 10.14 15.63 5.48

Nissan Micra 95-97 13.42 11.04 16.21 5.17

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 11.97 10.32 13.85 3.53

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 13.57 9.25 19.47 10.22

Honda City 83-86 11.15 7.09 17.11 10.02

Peugeot 205 87-94 12.82 7.76 20.43 12.66

Peugeot 206 99-07 12.87 10.13 16.20 6.07

Proton Satria 97-05 13.76 8.82 20.84 12.02

Renault Clio 01-08 11.68 7.21 18.36 11.14


Suzuki Swift 82-85 14.73 8.70 23.84 15.14




Suzuki Alto 85-00 16.27 11.02 23.36 12.35

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 12.17 9.37 15.66 6.29

Suzuki Swift 05-10 13.69 12.12 15.42 3.30

Toyota Starlet 96-99 12.80 11.68 14.00 2.32

Toyota Echo 99-05 11.93 11.04 12.88 1.84


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 11.75 8.86 15.43 6.57

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 15.43 11.58 20.26 8.68

AGGRESSIVITY INJURY SEVERITY RATINGS




Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 21.97 15.65 29.95 14.30

Holden Cruze 02-06 23.24 16.13 32.28 16.15

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 19.77 10.96 33.04 22.08


Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 16.07 9.85 25.11 15.26

Kia Sportage 98-03 20.22 15.15 26.45 11.29

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 23.42 19.81 27.46 7.64

Lada Niva 84-99 25.55 16.90 36.69 19.79

Honda HR-V 99-02 31.06 22.03 41.80 19.77




/ SJ413

82-99 23.06 19.64 26.89 7.25

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 23.12 14.12 35.49 21.37

Suzuki SX4 07-11 32.03 17.71 50.79 33.08


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 36.11 25.13 48.76 23.63





Holden Adventra 03-06 24.13 16.00 34.68 18.67


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 25.45 18.76 33.55 14.79







Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 24.79 20.31 29.88 9.57

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 24.77 18.10 32.91 14.80

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 24.45 16.93 33.94 17.01



Mazda CX-7 06-11 22.00 13.24 34.26 21.02




Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Honda CR-V 97-01 23.19 19.61 27.19 7.58

Honda CR-V 02-06 22.44 18.30 27.19 8.89

Honda CR-V 07-11 20.55 14.06 29.04 14.98

Subaru Forester 08-11 24.29 15.38 36.15 20.77

Subaru Forester 97-02 20.73 16.97 25.07 8.10

Subaru Forester 02-08 21.12 17.19 25.68 8.50



Toyota RAV4 94-00 25.21 22.00 28.72 6.73

Toyota RAV4 01-06 25.22 21.62 29.20 7.59

Lexus RX330 03-05 34.08 19.97 51.72 31.75

Toyota RAV4 06-11 26.63 21.23 32.83 11.60


BMW X5 01-08 22.23 16.27 29.60 13.33

Ford Bronco 82-87 26.87 16.39 40.79 24.40

Ford Explorer 00-01 21.22 14.03 30.77 16.73

Ford Explorer 01-05 21.13 13.35 31.78 18.43




Kia Sorento 03-09 18.51 9.88 31.99 22.11
















Commercial - Utes 25.24 24.64 25.86 1.22


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 25.03 21.02 29.53 8.50




Ford F-Series 01-06 27.88 18.68 39.41 20.73





Holden Rodeo 96-98 25.63 22.21 29.37 7.16

Holden Rodeo 99-02 28.60 25.24 32.22 6.98


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Holden WB Series 82-85 26.70 21.94 32.07 10.13




Holden Rodeo 03-08 24.24 21.56 27.14 5.58





Kia Ceres 92-00 24.75 18.56 32.19 13.63

Kia K2700 02-08 29.76 16.62 47.37 30.75




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 20.74 16.41 25.86 9.45

Nissan Navara 86-91 26.98 24.08 30.10 6.02

Nissan Navara 92-96 24.64 21.06 28.61 7.55

Nissan Navara 97-05 25.50 22.48 28.76 6.28

Nissan Navara 05-11 24.35 19.11 30.47 11.36

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 11.83 3.75 31.64 27.90

Subaru Brumby 82-92 27.68 21.98 34.20 12.22





Toyota Hilux 98-02 27.61 25.15 30.20 5.05

Toyota Hilux 03-04 26.82 22.73 31.35 8.62

Toyota Hilux 05-11 26.01 23.35 28.86 5.51

Commercial - Vans 24.95 23.99 25.93 1.95





Ford Transit 95-00 20.51 15.97 25.95 9.99

Ford Transit 01-07 22.46 17.99 27.67 9.68



Kia Pregio 02-06 24.31 18.49 31.26 12.76




Honda Acty 83-86 14.00 6.62 27.20 20.57






Toyota Hiace 05-11 24.64 18.43 32.12 13.69





Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Large Cars 22.97 22.57 23.37 0.80

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 28.97 17.22 44.43 27.21

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 24.71 18.15 32.69 14.54

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 26.23 20.60 32.76 12.16

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 18.35 13.06 25.16 12.10

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 13.91 5.83 29.64 23.81

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 22.27 13.20 35.05 21.85

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 19.27 10.29 33.19 22.91

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 24.43 23.42 25.46 2.04








Ford Falcon FG 08-11 18.09 14.03 23.01 8.98

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 23.81 22.81 24.83 2.03

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 23.41 22.19 24.68 2.49

Ford Taurus 96-98 23.32 16.41 32.01 15.60

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 24.01 22.63 25.45 2.82









Holden Monaro 01-05 25.18 19.56 31.77 12.22





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 24.57 21.22 28.27 7.05



V3000

85-90 24.04 22.66 25.48 2.83



96-03 22.68 21.22 24.21 2.99


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 22.66 21.41 23.97 2.56


Mitsubishi 380 05-08 26.60 20.36 33.95 13.59

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 28.53 18.84 40.71 21.87

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 19.08 11.92 29.12 17.20

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 18.68 9.96 32.30 22.34

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 20.24 17.09 23.81 6.72






Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Nissan Skyline 83-88 23.83 21.45 26.39 4.94


Nissan Maxima 90-94 24.93 20.44 30.02 9.58


Nissan Maxima 00-02 25.44 19.52 32.43 12.91

Nissan Maxima 06-09 23.47 17.07 31.36 14.28

Honda Legend 86-95 23.94 18.26 30.72 12.46

Rover 3500 82-87 31.84 17.30 51.06 33.76

Saab 9-5 98-05 11.23 4.71 24.45 19.74




Toyota Supra 82-90 26.31 19.06 35.13 16.07

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 15.34 10.60 21.70 11.10

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 33.51 20.64 49.39 28.75

Lexus GS300 97-04 23.28 10.24 44.66 34.42

Toyota Avalon 00-05 25.04 21.76 28.63 6.87

Toyota Aurion 06-11 21.59 16.80 27.30 10.50

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 26.32 21.76 31.45 9.69

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 22.60 18.08 27.86 9.78

Medium Cars 22.24 21.79 22.69 0.90

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 17.15 9.85 28.18 18.33

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 25.86 14.35 42.07 27.72

Audi A4 95-01 20.03 14.64 26.79 12.14

Audi A4 01-08 23.49 17.19 31.22 14.02

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 20.75 11.39 34.79 23.40

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 27.64 20.40 36.28 15.88

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 21.95 18.76 25.51 6.75

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 24.31 21.55 27.30 5.75

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 22.05 18.62 25.92 7.30


Daewoo Espero 95-97 23.24 16.73 31.32 14.59

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 29.85 22.44 38.49 16.05

Ford Cortina 82-82 24.03 20.62 27.82 7.20

Ford Mondeo 95-01 23.34 20.15 26.86 6.71

Ford Mondeo 07-11 22.47 13.18 35.62 22.44

Ford Probe 94-98 32.51 20.04 48.07 28.03

Ford Cougar 99-03 21.77 15.47 29.74 14.27

Holden Calibra 94-97 29.22 21.47 38.41 16.93

Holden Camira 82-89 22.91 21.15 24.77 3.63

Holden Vectra 97-03 24.15 21.18 27.39 6.21

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 18.92 12.91 26.86 13.95

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 17.98 12.81 24.66 11.86




Lambda

82-84 23.38 21.60 25.27 3.67



Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Jaguar X-Type 02-10 29.38 16.60 46.50 29.90




Cronos

92-97 22.03 19.83 24.39 4.56

Mazda 626 98-02 24.99 21.11 29.31 8.21

Mazda RX7 82-85 37.56 27.40 48.95 21.55

Mazda RX7 86-91 23.75 15.57 34.47 18.90

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 19.13 10.96 31.25 20.30

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 19.40 15.93 23.41 7.48

Mazda RX-8 03-11 15.36 7.82 27.97 20.15

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 26.44 17.76 37.43 19.67







Nissan Pintara 86-88 23.33 20.50 26.41 5.92


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 22.60 20.71 24.60 3.89

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 20.68 17.75 23.95 6.20

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 27.74 21.18 35.42 14.24



Honda Accord 03-07 23.36 17.67 30.21 12.54

Honda Accord 82-85 19.36 16.14 23.04 6.91

Honda Accord 86-90 25.18 21.98 28.66 6.68

Honda Accord 91-93 19.73 16.00 24.07 8.07

Honda Accord 94-98 20.93 18.14 24.02 5.88

Honda Accord 99-02 24.83 19.27 31.37 12.10

Honda Accord 08-11 24.28 14.97 36.85 21.88

Honda Prelude 82-82 17.62 6.75 38.70 31.94

Honda Prelude 83-91 23.25 20.52 26.23 5.71

Honda Prelude 92-96 21.40 17.27 26.21 8.93

Honda Prelude 97-02 25.64 19.19 33.37 14.18

Peugeot 405 89-97 22.46 16.63 29.60 12.97

Peugeot 505 82-93 27.34 18.85 37.85 19.00

Peugeot 406 96-04 24.48 15.82 35.87 20.05

Renault Feugo 82-87 14.36 6.80 27.80 21.00

Saab 900 Series 82-92 16.75 11.38 23.98 12.60

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 19.97 15.14 25.88 10.75

Saab 9000 86-97 20.64 14.99 27.72 12.73

Saab 9-3 03-11 27.95 17.36 41.74 24.38


Wagon

82-93 20.17 17.82 22.75 4.92





Toyota Corona 82-88 23.88 22.26 25.58 3.31

Toyota Camry 83-86 20.95 17.65 24.69 7.04




Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota Camry 98-02 23.44 21.88 25.07 3.19

Toyota Celica 81-85 22.09 18.49 26.18 7.70

Toyota Celica 86-89 23.07 19.12 27.57 8.46

Toyota Celica 90-93 24.06 20.30 28.27 7.97

Toyota Celica 94-99 21.04 16.48 26.47 10.00

Toyota Celica 00-05 24.78 16.62 35.26 18.64

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 24.24 15.94 35.07 19.13

Toyota Camry 02-06 22.15 19.93 24.55 4.62

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 20.45 11.56 33.57 22.01

Toyota Camry 06-11 25.30 21.20 29.91 8.71

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 23.40 19.49 27.83 8.34

Volvo S60 01-09 18.98 9.87 33.37 23.51


People Movers 23.94 22.87 25.05 2.18


Holden Zafira TT 01-05 26.77 16.90 39.67 22.77







Kia Carnival 99-06 26.60 20.96 33.12 12.16

Kia Carnival 06-11 31.41 20.67 44.59 23.92

Mazda MPV 94-99 26.17 16.16 39.46 23.30

Mazda MPV 00-06 31.00 18.33 47.36 29.03

Nissan Prairie 84-86 24.46 17.62 32.91 15.29

Nissan Serena 92-95 17.82 12.26 25.17 12.91

Honda Odyssey 95-00 25.78 21.02 31.18 10.17

Honda Odyssey 00-02 29.31 18.40 43.26 24.86

Honda Odyssey 04-09 20.38 13.73 29.17 15.44

Toyota Tarago 83-89 27.28 24.05 30.77 6.72




Toyota Tarago 06-11 14.94 8.08 26.00 17.92

Small Cars 21.41 21.00 21.83 0.82

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 24.93 16.59 35.69 19.10

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 24.08 11.16 44.47 33.31

Audi A3/S3 97-04 26.07 16.84 38.05 21.22

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 25.43 17.06 36.13 19.07

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 19.19 11.98 29.30 17.32

Chrysler Neon 96-99 20.12 13.20 29.42 16.21


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 13.13 3.39 39.47 36.08

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 20.95 17.60 24.75 7.14

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 21.29 17.76 25.30 7.53

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 20.96 18.30 23.90 5.61

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 23.36 11.40 41.92 30.52

Ford Laser 91-94 21.71 20.03 23.49 3.46


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford Laser 95-97 23.75 20.77 27.00 6.22

Ford Escort 82-82 18.65 13.72 24.85 11.13

Ford Capri 89-94 18.02 13.85 23.11 9.26

Ford Focus LR 02-05 23.40 19.08 28.36 9.28

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 27.29 22.43 32.75 10.32

Fiat Regata 84-88 30.74 17.51 48.14 30.63

Holden Gemini 82-84 22.04 19.11 25.27 6.15

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 20.90 15.03 28.29 13.26

Holden Astra TR 96-98 24.65 19.39 30.79 11.39

Holden Astra TS 98-06 22.17 20.24 24.22 3.98

Holden Astra AH 04-09 22.14 18.31 26.50 8.19

Holden Viva JF 05-09 24.69 18.56 32.05 13.49


Hyundai Excel 86-90 21.38 17.88 25.36 7.48

Hyundai Excel 90-94 22.23 19.85 24.80 4.95


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 21.63 17.96 25.82 7.86

Hyundai Accent 06-09 24.39 12.40 42.37 29.97

Hyundai i30 07-11 28.14 20.85 36.81 15.96

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 21.21 15.36 28.53 13.17

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 21.73 16.94 27.43 10.49

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 22.82 19.90 26.03 6.13

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 17.59 12.01 25.02 13.01

Hyundai Accent 00-06 20.39 17.67 23.41 5.73








Kia Rio 00-05 25.63 21.39 30.38 8.99

Kia Spectra 01-04 25.27 15.48 38.42 22.94

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 23.54 16.08 33.09 17.02

Kia Rio JB 05-11 18.38 13.20 25.00 11.80




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 20.43 18.10 22.99 4.89




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 18.79 10.86 30.52 19.66

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 19.29 16.79 22.06 5.27

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 20.52 13.89 29.25 15.36






Nissan Stanza 82-83 32.85 22.25 45.55 23.30


Nissan Exa 83-86 26.00 17.64 36.56 18.91

Nissan Exa 87-91 34.56 22.08 49.61 27.53


Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 25.57 19.63 32.59 12.96


Nissan Tiida 06-11 16.53 10.39 25.27 14.88

Honda Civic 82-83 23.11 17.41 30.00 12.59



Honda Civic 92-95 23.60 20.96 26.46 5.50

Honda Civic 96-00 18.28 15.82 21.04 5.22

Honda CRX 87-91 21.77 16.06 28.82 12.77

Honda CRX 92-98 27.31 16.23 42.15 25.93

Honda Civic 01-05 21.40 17.15 26.37 9.22

Honda Civic 06-11 21.19 16.58 26.67 10.08

Honda Integra 86-88 17.05 12.20 23.33 11.13

Honda Integra 90-92 24.38 19.01 30.69 11.68

Honda Integra 93-01 19.25 15.07 24.27 9.20

Honda Integra 02-06 32.60 19.87 48.55 28.68

Honda Concerto 89-93 27.34 20.58 35.33 14.75

Peugeot 306 94-01 20.57 15.78 26.35 10.57

Peugeot 307 01-09 21.46 15.28 29.28 14.01

Proton Wira 95-96 27.92 21.63 35.22 13.59

Renault 19 91-96 20.50 11.60 33.63 22.02

Renault Scenic 01-04 22.00 12.44 35.88 23.44

Rover Quintet 82-86 10.52 3.82 25.81 21.99

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 24.58 12.73 42.14 29.41

Subaru Impreza 93-00 25.71 22.94 28.69 5.75

Subaru Impreza 01-07 21.24 17.56 25.45 7.89

Subaru Impreza 07-11 27.73 18.68 39.05 20.37


Suzuki Liana 01-07 18.78 11.29 29.59 18.30

Toyota Corolla 82-84 21.19 19.28 23.23 3.95

Toyota Corolla 86-88 23.32 21.63 25.10 3.47




Toyota Corolla 02-07 22.22 20.36 24.20 3.83

Toyota Corolla 07-11 24.27 20.73 28.20 7.47

Toyota Tercel 83-88 17.85 11.20 27.23 16.03

Toyota MR2 87-90 22.47 14.53 33.06 18.53

Toyota MR2 91-00 28.84 19.45 40.50 21.05



Toyota Prius II 03-09 22.34 15.28 31.45 16.16

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 22.00 15.32 30.54 15.22

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 28.50 18.75 40.76 22.00

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 25.76 19.36 33.41 14.05




Light Cars 20.90 20.28 21.54 1.26





Manufacture

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 26.19 16.06 39.70 23.64


Daihatsu Mira 90-96 21.97 16.11 29.23 13.12

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 20.52 14.34 28.46 14.12

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 19.62 11.40 31.64 20.24


Ford Ka 99-02 18.64 11.74 28.30 16.56

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 25.17 14.65 39.74 25.09


Holden Barina SB 95-00 22.95 20.22 25.92 5.70

Holden Barina TK 05-11 19.17 14.75 24.54 9.80

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 28.38 25.19 31.81 6.62


Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 24.22 16.53 34.05 17.52




Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 26.75 20.28 34.41 14.13

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 27.00 20.09 35.24 15.15

Nissan Micra 95-97 19.23 12.86 27.75 14.89

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 23.30 18.74 28.59 9.86

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 10.51 4.95 20.95 16.00

Honda City 83-86 24.88 19.18 31.62 12.44

Peugeot 205 87-94 16.75 7.66 32.79 25.13

Peugeot 206 99-07 19.17 12.96 27.41 14.46

Proton Satria 97-05 37.28 17.70 62.16 44.46

Renault Clio 01-08 30.28 16.83 48.25 31.42


Suzuki Swift 82-85 23.03 11.07 41.81 30.74




Suzuki Alto 85-00 29.61 21.16 39.74 18.58

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 16.24 10.44 24.38 13.94

Suzuki Swift 05-10 21.82 17.89 26.33 8.44

Toyota Starlet 96-99 21.36 18.22 24.88 6.66

Toyota Echo 99-05 22.55 19.82 25.53 5.71


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 19.73 13.61 27.73 14.13

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 22.73 14.71 33.40 18.69

AGGRESSIVITY RATINGS (WITH 95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS)




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 3.30 2.24 4.87 2.64

Holden Cruze 02-06 3.61 2.39 5.45 3.05

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 2.90 1.52 5.54 4.02


Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 3.00 1.77 5.08 3.31

Kia Sportage 98-03 4.02 2.90 5.57 2.68

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 3.70 3.03 4.53 1.50

Lada Niva 84-99 4.61 2.88 7.39 4.51

Honda HR-V 99-02 4.96 3.31 7.42 4.11




/ SJ413

82-99 3.70 3.07 4.45 1.38

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 4.00 2.32 6.87 4.55

Suzuki SX4 07-11 3.54 1.74 7.21 5.47


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 4.65 2.82 7.65 4.83





Holden Adventra 03-06 3.99 2.43 6.55 4.12


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 5.38 3.74 7.73 3.99







Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 5.08 4.05 6.38 2.33

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 5.84 4.09 8.34 4.26

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 5.36 3.56 8.09 4.54



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Mazda CX-7 06-11 3.88 2.18 6.92 4.75




Honda CR-V 97-01 3.63 2.97 4.44 1.47

Honda CR-V 02-06 3.25 2.56 4.13 1.57

Honda CR-V 07-11 3.42 2.20 5.33 3.14

Subaru Forester 08-11 3.77 2.25 6.34 4.09

Subaru Forester 97-02 3.10 2.43 3.96 1.52

Subaru Forester 02-08 3.31 2.60 4.22 1.62



Toyota RAV4 94-00 4.29 3.63 5.07 1.43

Toyota RAV4 01-06 4.48 3.74 5.38 1.65

Lexus RX330 03-05 4.39 2.29 8.41 6.12

Toyota RAV4 06-11 3.37 2.56 4.44 1.88


BMW X5 01-08 3.25 2.23 4.74 2.51

Ford Bronco 82-87 7.54 4.35 13.08 8.74

Ford Explorer 00-01 4.49 2.84 7.09 4.25

Ford Explorer 01-05 3.63 2.13 6.19 4.06




Kia Sorento 03-09 3.40 1.75 6.61 4.86
















Commercial - Utes 4.53 4.40 4.66 0.26


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 5.10 4.19 6.20 2.02




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Ford F-Series 01-06 6.71 4.30 10.46 6.16





Holden Rodeo 96-98 4.96 4.20 5.84 1.64

Holden Rodeo 99-02 5.87 5.07 6.80 1.73

Holden WB Series 82-85 5.23 4.16 6.57 2.41




Holden Rodeo 03-08 5.22 4.57 5.96 1.39





Kia Ceres 92-00 3.49 2.52 4.82 2.30

Kia K2700 02-08 4.79 2.48 9.25 6.77




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 3.94 3.00 5.16 2.16

Nissan Navara 86-91 5.31 4.61 6.11 1.50

Nissan Navara 92-96 5.08 4.21 6.13 1.92

Nissan Navara 97-05 4.91 4.23 5.70 1.47

Nissan Navara 05-11 4.24 3.20 5.61 2.41

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 1.47 0.46 4.77 4.32

Subaru Brumby 82-92 4.34 3.28 5.74 2.47





Toyota Hilux 98-02 5.41 4.86 6.04 1.18

Toyota Hilux 03-04 4.98 4.12 6.03 1.90

Toyota Hilux 05-11 4.62 4.07 5.25 1.18

Commercial - Vans 4.98 4.74 5.22 0.48





Ford Transit 95-00 4.75 3.60 6.27 2.67

Ford Transit 01-07 4.46 3.40 5.85 2.44



Kia Pregio 02-06 5.72 4.23 7.75 3.53




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Honda Acty 83-86 1.86 0.80 4.36 3.56






Toyota Hiace 05-11 5.03 3.63 6.98 3.35




Large Cars 3.77 3.69 3.85 0.16

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 4.41 2.41 8.05 5.64

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 4.37 3.04 6.26 3.22

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 3.99 2.91 5.49 2.58

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 2.94 2.01 4.30 2.29

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 2.47 0.99 6.18 5.19

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 4.18 2.27 7.72 5.45

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 4.55 2.32 8.94 6.62

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 4.48 4.25 4.71 0.46








Ford Falcon FG 08-11 2.59 1.92 3.51 1.59

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 4.43 4.21 4.66 0.45

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 4.29 4.03 4.57 0.54

Ford Taurus 96-98 4.54 3.03 6.81 3.78

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 4.26 3.97 4.57 0.60









Holden Monaro 01-05 4.94 3.65 6.68 3.03





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 4.11 3.47 4.88 1.41


Mitsubishi Magna TM/TN/TP / Sigma / 85-90 4.05 3.77 4.35 0.57


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

V3000



96-03 4.03 3.73 4.34 0.61


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 4.08 3.82 4.36 0.54


Mitsubishi 380 05-08 4.06 2.97 5.54 2.57

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 5.85 3.55 9.63 6.08

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 4.27 2.58 7.07 4.50

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 4.08 2.06 8.09 6.03

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 3.65 3.00 4.45 1.45









Nissan Skyline 83-88 4.47 3.93 5.09 1.16


Nissan Maxima 90-94 4.25 3.24 5.57 2.33


Nissan Maxima 00-02 4.13 2.90 5.88 2.99

Nissan Maxima 06-09 3.57 2.37 5.38 3.01

Honda Legend 86-95 5.07 3.70 6.95 3.25

Rover 3500 82-87 6.22 3.05 12.68 9.62

Saab 9-5 98-05 1.63 0.66 4.03 3.38




Toyota Supra 82-90 6.19 4.25 9.03 4.78

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 2.92 1.93 4.43 2.51

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 4.91 2.71 8.88 6.17

Lexus GS300 97-04 3.67 1.55 8.67 7.12

Toyota Avalon 00-05 4.63 3.93 5.45 1.52

Toyota Aurion 06-11 3.26 2.46 4.33 1.87

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 4.92 3.95 6.14 2.19

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 3.90 3.03 5.03 2.00

Medium Cars 3.37 3.29 3.45 0.16

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 2.00 1.08 3.68 2.60

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 2.49 1.23 5.03 3.81

Audi A4 95-01 3.01 2.09 4.34 2.25

Audi A4 01-08 3.22 2.22 4.67 2.45

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 3.38 1.69 6.77 5.08

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 3.99 2.78 5.73 2.95

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 3.28 2.71 3.97 1.26

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 3.37 2.91 3.91 1.00

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 3.35 2.76 4.08 1.32


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval


Daewoo Espero 95-97 4.17 2.91 5.98 3.07

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 5.32 3.85 7.35 3.51

Ford Cortina 82-82 4.18 3.48 5.02 1.54

Ford Mondeo 95-01 3.68 3.06 4.43 1.38

Ford Mondeo 07-11 3.26 1.69 6.29 4.60

Ford Probe 94-98 5.29 3.00 9.32 6.32

Ford Cougar 99-03 2.45 1.64 3.67 2.03

Holden Calibra 94-97 5.42 3.68 8.00 4.33

Holden Camira 82-89 4.03 3.66 4.43 0.77

Holden Vectra 97-03 3.85 3.29 4.51 1.22

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 3.38 2.19 5.22 3.04

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 3.04 2.11 4.37 2.26




Lambda

82-84 3.77 3.43 4.15 0.72


Jaguar X-Type 02-10 4.51 2.35 8.68 6.34




Cronos

92-97 3.12 2.74 3.55 0.81

Mazda 626 98-02 3.52 2.86 4.34

Mazda RX7 82-85 5.27 3.39 8.17 4.78

Mazda RX7 86-91 4.41 2.66 7.30 4.64

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 3.33 1.83 6.06 4.23

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 2.82 2.25 3.53 1.28

Mazda RX-8 03-11 3.08 1.51 6.28 4.77

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 4.90 3.00 8.00 5.00







Nissan Pintara 86-88 3.77 3.24 4.39 1.14


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 3.47 3.11 3.87 0.75

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 3.22 2.63 3.94 1.31

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 4.26 3.10 5.84 2.74



Honda Accord 03-07 3.59 2.61 4.94 2.34

Honda Accord 82-85 2.78 2.18 3.54 1.35

Honda Accord 86-90 3.80 3.16 4.58 1.43

Honda Accord 91-93 3.47 2.72 4.43 1.71

Honda Accord 94-98 3.68 3.12 4.35 1.23

Honda Accord 99-02 4.38 3.21 5.97 2.75

Honda Accord 08-11 4.17 2.37 7.36 4.99

Honda Prelude 82-82 2.08 0.70 6.12 5.42


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Prelude 83-91 3.45 2.92 4.08 1.16

Honda Prelude 92-96 3.07 2.36 4.00 1.64

Honda Prelude 97-02 4.15 2.93 5.86 2.93

Peugeot 405 89-97 2.90 1.92 4.39 2.46

Peugeot 505 82-93 4.01 2.56 6.29 3.73

Peugeot 406 96-04 2.16 1.12 4.14 3.02

Renault Feugo 82-87 1.95 0.83 4.59 3.76

Saab 900 Series 82-92 2.24 1.45 3.46 2.01

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 2.95 2.16 4.04 1.89

Saab 9000 86-97 3.18 2.21 4.56 2.34

Saab 9-3 03-11 5.16 2.99 8.89 5.90


Wagon

82-93 3.09 2.66 3.58 0.92





Toyota Corona 82-88 3.76 3.46 4.08 0.63

Toyota Camry 83-86 3.65 3.00 4.45 1.45



Toyota Camry 98-02 4.12 3.81 4.46 0.65

Toyota Celica 81-85 4.32 3.52 5.31 1.80

Toyota Celica 86-89 4.24 3.41 5.28 1.87

Toyota Celica 90-93 4.47 3.67 5.45 1.78

Toyota Celica 94-99 3.50 2.65 4.61 1.96

Toyota Celica 00-05 3.63 2.32 5.68 3.36

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 3.86 2.47 6.03 3.56

Toyota Camry 02-06 3.71 3.29 4.18 0.89

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 3.01 1.62 5.62 4.00

Toyota Camry 06-11 3.44 2.79 4.24 1.45

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 3.71 3.00 4.60 1.60

Volvo S60 01-09 3.60 1.78 7.31 5.53


People Movers 4.24 4.01 4.48 0.47


Holden Zafira TT 01-05 3.66 2.15 6.22 4.07







Kia Carnival 99-06 5.81 4.45 7.57 3.12

Kia Carnival 06-11 5.82 3.64 9.30 5.66

Mazda MPV 94-99 5.78 3.47 9.63 6.16

Mazda MPV 00-06 4.68 2.53 8.66 6.13

Nissan Prairie 84-86 3.51 2.14 5.75 3.61


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Nissan Serena 92-95 2.67 1.49 4.80 3.32

Honda Odyssey 95-00 4.95 3.70 6.63 2.93

Honda Odyssey 00-02 5.65 3.31 9.64 6.33

Honda Odyssey 04-09 3.24 2.06 5.12 3.06

Toyota Tarago 83-89 4.94 4.25 5.75 1.51




Toyota Tarago 06-11 2.26 1.17 4.35 3.18

Small Cars 2.87 2.81 2.94 0.13

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 1.97 1.10 3.51 2.40

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 5.19 2.34 11.51 9.17

Audi A3/S3 97-04 3.85 2.31 6.42 4.11

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 3.83 2.34 6.27 3.93

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 3.16 1.85 5.40 3.55

Chrysler Neon 96-99 3.34 2.10 5.31 3.22


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 2.59 0.70 9.65 8.96

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 2.95 2.43 3.58 1.15

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 3.21 2.62 3.92 1.30

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 3.48 2.99 4.05 1.07

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 3.99 1.87 8.52 6.65

Ford Laser 91-94 3.14 2.86 3.45 0.59

Ford Laser 95-97 3.21 2.74 3.75 1.01

Ford Escort 82-82 3.15 2.28 4.37 2.09

Ford Capri 89-94 3.09 2.31 4.13 1.82

Ford Focus LR 02-05 3.72 2.93 4.71 1.78

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 3.59 2.83 4.55 1.71

Fiat Regata 84-88 3.95 1.86 8.41 6.55

Holden Gemini 82-84 3.10 2.62 3.67 1.05

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 2.84 1.96 4.13 2.18

Holden Astra TR 96-98 3.46 2.60 4.60 1.99

Holden Astra TS 98-06 3.11 2.80 3.46 0.66

Holden Astra AH 04-09 3.40 2.74 4.22 1.48

Holden Viva JF 05-09 3.25 2.34 4.50 2.16


Hyundai Excel 86-90 3.59 2.93 4.41 1.48

Hyundai Excel 90-94 3.30 2.91 3.75 0.84


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 3.43 2.79 4.20 1.41

Hyundai Accent 06-09 3.22 1.58 6.56 4.99

Hyundai i30 07-11 3.11 2.12 4.54 2.42

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 2.84 1.98 4.05 2.07

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 3.55 2.71 4.64 1.93

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 3.59 3.07 4.19 1.13

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 3.01 2.01 4.53 2.52

Hyundai Accent 00-06 3.40 2.90 3.98 1.07



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval







Kia Rio 00-05 3.51 2.86 4.32 1.46

Kia Spectra 01-04 3.84 2.21 6.65 4.44

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 3.35 2.20 5.09 2.89

Kia Rio JB 05-11 2.10 1.45 3.05 1.60




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 2.77 2.41 3.18 0.77




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 2.62 1.46 4.70 3.24

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 2.68 2.29 3.13 0.84

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 2.45 1.51 3.97 2.46






Nissan Stanza 82-83 5.86 3.68 9.33 5.65


Nissan Exa 83-86 5.60 3.57 8.79 5.22

Nissan Exa 87-91 6.35 3.63 11.09 7.46

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 5.57 4.12 7.53 3.41


Nissan Tiida 06-11 2.06 1.22 3.50 2.28

Honda Civic 82-83 2.59 1.68 3.98 2.30



Honda Civic 92-95 3.58 3.10 4.13 1.03

Honda Civic 96-00 2.93 2.49 3.44 0.95

Honda CRX 87-91 3.35 2.08 5.40 3.32

Honda CRX 92-98 4.78 2.58 8.87 6.29

Honda Civic 01-05 2.95 2.28 3.82 1.54

Honda Civic 06-11 2.65 1.98 3.53 1.55

Honda Integra 86-88 2.53 1.66 3.85 2.19

Honda Integra 90-92 4.70 3.43 6.43 3.00

Honda Integra 93-01 3.14 2.33 4.21 1.88

Honda Integra 02-06 5.24 3.05 8.99 5.94

Honda Concerto 89-93 3.37 2.26 5.04 2.78

Peugeot 306 94-01 2.75 1.99 3.78 1.79

Peugeot 307 01-09 2.76 1.84 4.14 2.30

Proton Wira 95-96 3.81 2.85 5.08 2.22

Renault 19 91-96 3.29 1.73 6.27 4.54


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Renault Scenic 01-04 2.87 1.46 5.66 4.20

Rover Quintet 82-86 1.39 0.46 4.16 3.69

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 2.21 1.00 4.89 3.89

Subaru Impreza 93-00 3.95 3.43 4.55 1.12

Subaru Impreza 01-07 3.01 2.43 3.73 1.30

Subaru Impreza 07-11 3.16 1.96 5.08 3.12


Suzuki Liana 01-07 2.24 1.28 3.94 2.66

Toyota Corolla 82-84 2.88 2.56 3.23 0.67

Toyota Corolla 86-88 3.31 3.02 3.62 0.60




Toyota Corolla 02-07 3.10 2.80 3.43 0.62

Toyota Corolla 07-11 3.45 2.86 4.16 1.30

Toyota Tercel 83-88 3.20 1.90 5.37 3.47

Toyota MR2 87-90 3.13 1.71 5.71 3.99

Toyota MR2 91-00 4.32 2.35 7.96 5.61



Toyota Prius II 03-09 2.48 1.53 4.02 2.49

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 3.47 2.33 5.17 2.84

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 4.31 2.49 7.47 4.98

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 3.43 2.46 4.79 2.33




Light Cars 2.58 2.49 2.67 0.18




Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 2.69 1.49 4.84 3.34


Daihatsu Mira 90-96 2.74 1.87 4.02 2.16

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 2.55 1.72 3.77 2.05

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 2.61 1.45 4.67 3.22


Ford Ka 99-02 2.18 1.29 3.69 2.40

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 5.44 2.99 9.87 6.88


Holden Barina SB 95-00 3.13 2.72 3.61 0.90

Holden Barina TK 05-11 2.41 1.81 3.22 1.42

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 4.05 3.52 4.67 1.15


Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 3.00 1.85 4.86 3.01





Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 3.24 2.35 4.47 2.11

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 3.41 2.39 4.87 2.47

Nissan Micra 95-97 2.58 1.68 3.97 2.30

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 2.79 2.16 3.61 1.46

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 1.43 0.63 3.23 2.60

Honda City 83-86 2.78 1.67 4.61 2.94

Peugeot 205 87-94 2.15 0.89 5.19 4.30

Peugeot 206 99-07 2.47 1.58 3.84 2.26

Proton Satria 97-05 5.13 2.38 11.08 8.71

Renault Clio 01-08 3.54 1.74 7.19 5.45


Suzuki Swift 82-85 3.39 1.46 7.89 6.43




Suzuki Alto 85-00 4.82 2.94 7.88 4.94

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 1.98 1.20 3.25 2.05

Suzuki Swift 05-10 2.99 2.38 3.75 1.37

Toyota Starlet 96-99 2.73 2.28 3.27 0.99

Toyota Echo 99-05 2.69 2.32 3.12 0.80


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 2.32 1.47 3.65 2.17

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 3.51 2.13 5.77 3.64

AGGRESSIVITY RATINGS (WITH 90% CONFIDENCE LIMITS)




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval





Daihatsu Terios 97-05 3.30 2.39 4.57 2.19

Holden Cruze 02-06 3.61 2.56 5.09 2.53

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 2.90 1.69 4.99 3.29


Mitsubishi /

Peugeot

Outlander / 4007 06-11 3.00 1.93 4.66 2.73

Kia Sportage 98-03 4.02 3.06 5.28 2.23

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 3.70 3.13 4.38 1.25

Lada Niva 84-99 4.61 3.11 6.84 3.73

Honda HR-V 99-02 4.96 3.54 6.95 3.41




/ SJ413

82-99 3.70 3.17 4.32 1.15

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 4.00 2.54 6.29 3.75

Suzuki SX4 07-11 3.54 1.96 6.42 4.46


Daewoo /

Ssangong

Musso 98-02 4.65 3.06 7.05 3.99





Holden Adventra 03-06 3.99 2.63 6.04 3.41


Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 5.38 3.97 7.29 3.31







Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 5.08 4.20 6.15 1.94

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 5.84 4.33 7.87 3.54

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 5.36 3.80 7.57 3.77




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda CX-7 06-11 3.88 2.39 6.30 3.91




Honda CR-V 97-01 3.63 3.07 4.29 1.23

Honda CR-V 02-06 3.25 2.66 3.97 1.31

Honda CR-V 07-11 3.42 2.36 4.96 2.60

Subaru Forester 08-11 3.77 2.44 5.82 3.38

Subaru Forester 97-02 3.10 2.53 3.80 1.27

Subaru Forester 02-08 3.31 2.70 4.05 1.35



Toyota RAV4 94-00 4.29 3.73 4.93 1.20

Toyota RAV4 01-06 4.48 3.85 5.22 1.38

Lexus RX330 03-05 4.39 2.55 7.56 5.01

Toyota RAV4 06-11 3.37 2.67 4.25 1.57


BMW X5 01-08 3.25 2.37 4.45 2.08

Ford Bronco 82-87 7.54 4.76 11.96 7.20

Ford Explorer 00-01 4.49 3.06 6.58 3.52

Ford Explorer 01-05 3.63 2.32 5.67 3.35




Kia Sorento 03-09 3.40 1.95 5.93 3.98
















Commercial - Utes 4.53 4.42 4.64 0.22


Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 5.10 4.32 6.01 1.68





Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford F-Series 01-06 6.71 4.62 9.73 5.10





Holden Rodeo 96-98 4.96 4.32 5.69 1.37

Holden Rodeo 99-02 5.87 5.19 6.64 1.45

Holden WB Series 82-85 5.23 4.32 6.33 2.01




Holden Rodeo 03-08 5.22 4.67 5.83 1.16





Kia Ceres 92-00 3.49 2.66 4.58 1.92

Kia K2700 02-08 4.79 2.76 8.31 5.55




Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 3.94 3.14 4.94 1.80

Nissan Navara 86-91 5.31 4.72 5.97 1.25

Nissan Navara 92-96 5.08 4.34 5.94 1.60

Nissan Navara 97-05 4.91 4.33 5.56 1.23

Nissan Navara 05-11 4.24 3.35 5.36 2.01

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 1.47 0.55 3.94 3.39

Subaru Brumby 82-92 4.34 3.43 5.48 2.05





Toyota Hilux 98-02 5.41 4.94 5.93 0.99

Toyota Hilux 03-04 4.98 4.25 5.84 1.59

Toyota Hilux 05-11 4.62 4.15 5.14 0.98

Commercial - Vans 4.98 4.78 5.18 0.40





Ford Transit 95-00 4.75 3.77 6.00 2.23

Ford Transit 01-07 4.46 3.55 5.59 2.04



Kia Pregio 02-06 5.72 4.44 7.38 2.94





Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Acty 83-86 1.86 0.92 3.79 2.88






Toyota Hiace 05-11 5.03 3.83 6.62 2.78




Large Cars 3.77 3.70 3.83 0.13

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 4.41 2.66 7.30 4.64

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 4.37 3.23 5.91 2.68

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 3.99 3.06 5.21 2.15

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 2.94 2.13 4.04 1.91

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 2.47 1.15 5.32 4.17

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 4.18 2.51 6.99 4.48

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 4.55 2.59 8.01 5.42

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 4.48 4.29 4.67 0.38








Ford Falcon FG 08-11 2.59 2.01 3.34 1.33

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 4.43 4.25 4.62 0.37

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 4.29 4.07 4.53 0.45

Ford Taurus 96-98 4.54 3.24 6.37 3.13

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 4.26 4.02 4.52 0.50









Holden Monaro 01-05 4.94 3.84 6.36 2.52





Hyundai Sonata 89-97 4.11 3.57 4.74 1.17



V3000

85-90 4.05 3.82 4.30 0.48


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval



96-03 4.03 3.78 4.29 0.51


V3000 / Diamante

91-96 4.08 3.86 4.31 0.45


Mitsubishi 380 05-08 4.06 3.13 5.27 2.14

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 5.85 3.85 8.88 5.02

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 4.27 2.80 6.51 3.72

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 4.08 2.30 7.23 4.93

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 3.65 3.10 4.31 1.21









Nissan Skyline 83-88 4.47 4.01 4.98 0.97


Nissan Maxima 90-94 4.25 3.39 5.33 1.94


Nissan Maxima 00-02 4.13 3.07 5.55 2.48

Nissan Maxima 06-09 3.57 2.53 5.03 2.50

Honda Legend 86-95 5.07 3.90 6.60 2.70

Rover 3500 82-87 6.22 3.43 11.29 7.86

Saab 9-5 98-05 1.63 0.76 3.48 2.72




Toyota Supra 82-90 6.19 4.52 8.49 3.97

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 2.92 2.06 4.14 2.08

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 4.91 2.99 8.06 5.07

Lexus GS300 97-04 3.67 1.79 7.53 5.75

Toyota Avalon 00-05 4.63 4.04 5.31 1.27

Toyota Aurion 06-11 3.26 2.57 4.13 1.56

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 4.92 4.09 5.92 1.83

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 3.90 3.16 4.83 1.67

Medium Cars 3.37 3.30 3.44 0.14

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 2.00 1.20 3.33 2.13

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 2.49 1.38 4.49 3.11

Audi A4 95-01 3.01 2.22 4.09 1.87

Audi A4 01-08 3.22 2.36 4.39 2.03

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 3.38 1.89 6.04 4.15

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 3.99 2.95 5.40 2.45

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 3.28 2.79 3.84 1.05

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 3.37 2.98 3.81 0.84

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 3.35 2.85 3.95 1.10



Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Daewoo Espero 95-97 4.17 3.09 5.64 2.55

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 5.32 4.05 6.98 2.92

Ford Cortina 82-82 4.18 3.58 4.87 1.29

Ford Mondeo 95-01 3.68 3.15 4.30 1.15

Ford Mondeo 07-11 3.26 1.88 5.65 3.77

Ford Probe 94-98 5.29 3.29 8.50 5.21

Ford Cougar 99-03 2.45 1.75 3.43 1.68

Holden Calibra 94-97 5.42 3.92 7.51 3.59

Holden Camira 82-89 4.03 3.72 4.36 0.64

Holden Vectra 97-03 3.85 3.37 4.39 1.02

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 3.38 2.35 4.87 2.52

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 3.04 2.24 4.12 1.88




Lambda

82-84 3.77 3.48 4.09 0.61


Jaguar X-Type 02-10 4.51 2.61 7.80 5.19




Cronos

92-97 3.12 2.80 3.48 0.68

Mazda 626 98-02 3.52 2.96 4.19 1.23

Mazda RX7 82-85 5.27 3.65 7.61 3.96

Mazda RX7 86-91 4.41 2.89 6.73 3.84

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 3.33 2.02 5.50 3.48

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 2.82 2.33 3.40 1.07

Mazda RX-8 03-11 3.08 1.69 5.59 3.90

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 4.90 3.25 7.38 4.13







Nissan Pintara 86-88 3.77 3.33 4.28 0.95


Nissan Bluebird 82-86 3.47 3.17 3.80 0.63

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 3.22 2.72 3.81 1.10

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 4.26 3.27 5.55 2.28



Honda Accord 03-07 3.59 2.74 4.69 1.94

Honda Accord 82-85 2.78 2.27 3.40 1.13

Honda Accord 86-90 3.80 3.25 4.45 1.19

Honda Accord 91-93 3.47 2.83 4.25 1.43

Honda Accord 94-98 3.68 3.20 4.23 1.03

Honda Accord 99-02 4.38 3.38 5.67 2.29

Honda Accord 08-11 4.17 2.60 6.71 4.11

Honda Prelude 82-82 2.08 0.84 5.13 4.29

Honda Prelude 83-91 3.45 3.00 3.97 0.97


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Prelude 92-96 3.07 2.46 3.83 1.37

Honda Prelude 97-02 4.15 3.10 5.54 2.44

Peugeot 405 89-97 2.90 2.06 4.10 2.05

Peugeot 505 82-93 4.01 2.76 5.84 3.09

Peugeot 406 96-04 2.16 1.25 3.72 2.47

Renault Feugo 82-87 1.95 0.95 3.99 3.04

Saab 900 Series 82-92 2.24 1.55 3.22 1.67

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 2.95 2.27 3.84 1.57

Saab 9000 86-97 3.18 2.35 4.30 1.95

Saab 9-3 03-11 5.16 3.27 8.13 4.86


Wagon

82-93 3.09 2.73 3.49 0.77





Toyota Corona 82-88 3.76 3.50 4.03 0.52

Toyota Camry 83-86 3.65 3.10 4.30 1.21



Toyota Camry 98-02 4.12 3.86 4.40 0.54

Toyota Celica 81-85 4.32 3.64 5.14 1.50

Toyota Celica 86-89 4.24 3.53 5.09 1.56

Toyota Celica 90-93 4.47 3.79 5.27 1.49

Toyota Celica 94-99 3.50 2.78 4.41 1.63

Toyota Celica 00-05 3.63 2.49 5.28 2.78

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 3.86 2.65 5.61 2.95

Toyota Camry 02-06 3.71 3.35 4.10 0.75

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 3.01 1.79 5.08 3.29

Toyota Camry 06-11 3.44 2.89 4.10 1.21

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 3.71 3.11 4.44 1.33

Volvo S60 01-09 3.60 1.99 6.51 4.52


People Movers 4.24 4.05 4.44 0.40


Holden Zafira TT 01-05 3.66 2.34 5.71 3.36







Kia Carnival 99-06 5.81 4.65 7.25 2.60

Kia Carnival 06-11 5.82 3.93 8.61 4.69

Mazda MPV 94-99 5.78 3.77 8.86 5.09

Mazda MPV 00-06 4.68 2.80 7.83 5.03

Nissan Prairie 84-86 3.51 2.32 5.30 2.99

Nissan Serena 92-95 2.67 1.63 4.36 2.73


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Odyssey 95-00 4.95 3.88 6.32 2.44

Honda Odyssey 00-02 5.65 3.61 8.83 5.22

Honda Odyssey 04-09 3.24 2.21 4.75 2.54

Toyota Tarago 83-89 4.94 4.35 5.61 1.26




Toyota Tarago 06-11 2.26 1.30 3.91 2.61

Small Cars 2.87 2.82 2.93 0.11

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 1.97 1.21 3.19 1.98

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 5.19 2.66 10.10 7.44

Audi A3/S3 97-04 3.85 2.51 5.90 3.39

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 3.83 2.53 5.78 3.25

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 3.16 2.02 4.95 2.93

Chrysler Neon 96-99 3.34 2.26 4.93 2.66


Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 2.59 0.86 7.79 6.92

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 2.95 2.51 3.47 0.96

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 3.21 2.71 3.80 1.09

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 3.48 3.06 3.95 0.89

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 3.99 2.11 7.52 5.41

Ford Laser 91-94 3.14 2.90 3.40 0.50

Ford Laser 95-97 3.21 2.81 3.66 0.85

Ford Escort 82-82 3.15 2.40 4.14 1.74

Ford Capri 89-94 3.09 2.42 3.94 1.52

Ford Focus LR 02-05 3.72 3.05 4.53 1.48

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 3.59 2.95 4.37 1.43

Fiat Regata 84-88 3.95 2.10 7.44 5.33

Holden Gemini 82-84 3.10 2.69 3.57 0.88

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 2.84 2.08 3.89 1.81

Holden Astra TR 96-98 3.46 2.73 4.39 1.66

Holden Astra TS 98-06 3.11 2.85 3.40 0.55

Holden Astra AH 04-09 3.40 2.84 4.08 1.24

Holden Viva JF 05-09 3.25 2.47 4.27 1.80


Hyundai Excel 86-90 3.59 3.03 4.26 1.24

Hyundai Excel 90-94 3.30 2.97 3.67 0.70


Hyundai Elantra 00-06 3.43 2.89 4.06 1.18

Hyundai Accent 06-09 3.22 1.77 5.84 4.07

Hyundai i30 07-11 3.11 2.26 4.27 2.01

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 2.84 2.10 3.82 1.72

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 3.55 2.84 4.44 1.61

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 3.59 3.15 4.09 0.94

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 3.01 2.15 4.24 2.09

Hyundai Accent 00-06 3.40 2.98 3.88 0.90




Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval






Kia Rio 00-05 3.51 2.95 4.17 1.22

Kia Spectra 01-04 3.84 2.42 6.08 3.66

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 3.35 2.36 4.76 2.40

Kia Rio JB 05-11 2.10 1.54 2.87 1.33




Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 2.77 2.47 3.11 0.64




Autozam AZ-3

90-97 2.62 1.61 4.27 2.66

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 2.68 2.35 3.05 0.70

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 2.45 1.63 3.67 2.04






Nissan Stanza 82-83 5.86 3.97 8.64 4.68


Nissan Exa 83-86 5.60 3.84 8.16 4.32

Nissan Exa 87-91 6.35 3.98 10.13 6.15

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 5.57 4.33 7.16 2.84


Nissan Tiida 06-11 2.06 1.33 3.21 1.89

Honda Civic 82-83 2.59 1.81 3.71 1.91



Honda Civic 92-95 3.58 3.18 4.04 0.86

Honda Civic 96-00 2.93 2.56 3.35 0.79

Honda CRX 87-91 3.35 2.25 5.00 2.75

Honda CRX 92-98 4.78 2.85 8.02 5.16

Honda Civic 01-05 2.95 2.38 3.66 1.29

Honda Civic 06-11 2.65 2.08 3.37 1.29

Honda Integra 86-88 2.53 1.78 3.59 1.81

Honda Integra 90-92 4.70 3.61 6.11 2.50

Honda Integra 93-01 3.14 2.45 4.02 1.57

Honda Integra 02-06 5.24 3.34 8.24 4.90

Honda Concerto 89-93 3.37 2.41 4.72 2.31

Peugeot 306 94-01 2.75 2.10 3.59 1.49

Peugeot 307 01-09 2.76 1.96 3.88 1.91

Proton Wira 95-96 3.81 2.99 4.85 1.85

Renault 19 91-96 3.29 1.92 5.64 3.72

Renault Scenic 01-04 2.87 1.63 5.06 3.43


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Rover Quintet 82-86 1.39 0.55 3.47 2.92

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 2.21 1.14 4.29 3.16

Subaru Impreza 93-00 3.95 3.51 4.44 0.94

Subaru Impreza 01-07 3.01 2.52 3.60 1.08

Subaru Impreza 07-11 3.16 2.12 4.70 2.58


Suzuki Liana 01-07 2.24 1.40 3.59 2.19

Toyota Corolla 82-84 2.88 2.61 3.17 0.56

Toyota Corolla 86-88 3.31 3.07 3.57 0.50




Toyota Corolla 02-07 3.10 2.85 3.37 0.52

Toyota Corolla 07-11 3.45 2.95 4.04 1.09

Toyota Tercel 83-88 3.20 2.07 4.94 2.87

Toyota MR2 87-90 3.13 1.89 5.17 3.28

Toyota MR2 91-00 4.32 2.60 7.20 4.61



Toyota Prius II 03-09 2.48 1.66 3.72 2.06

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 3.47 2.48 4.84 2.36

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 4.31 2.72 6.83 4.11

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 3.43 2.60 4.54 1.94




Light Cars 2.58 2.50 2.65 0.15




Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 2.69 1.64 4.39 2.75


Daihatsu Mira 90-96 2.74 1.99 3.78 1.79

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 2.55 1.83 3.53 1.70

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 2.61 1.60 4.25 2.65


Ford Ka 99-02 2.18 1.41 3.39 1.98

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 5.44 3.30 8.95 5.65


Holden Barina SB 95-00 3.13 2.78 3.53 0.75

Holden Barina TK 05-11 2.41 1.89 3.07 1.18

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 4.05 3.60 4.56 0.96


Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 3.00 2.00 4.49 2.49




Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 3.24 2.48 4.24 1.76


Manufacture

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 3.41 2.53 4.59 2.06

Nissan Micra 95-97 2.58 1.80 3.70 1.90

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 2.79 2.25 3.46 1.21

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 1.43 0.72 2.83 2.11

Honda City 83-86 2.78 1.81 4.25 2.43

Peugeot 205 87-94 2.15 1.03 4.50 3.47

Peugeot 206 99-07 2.47 1.70 3.57 1.87

Proton Satria 97-05 5.13 2.69 9.77 7.08

Renault Clio 01-08 3.54 1.95 6.40 4.45


Suzuki Swift 82-85 3.39 1.67 6.87 5.20




Suzuki Alto 85-00 4.82 3.19 7.27 4.08

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 1.98 1.30 3.00 1.69

Suzuki Swift 05-10 2.99 2.47 3.61 1.15

Toyota Starlet 96-99 2.73 2.35 3.18 0.83

Toyota Echo 99-05 2.69 2.38 3.05 0.67


Volkswagen Polo 96-00 2.32 1.59 3.39 1.80

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 3.51 2.31 5.32 3.01

APPENDIX 6

TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY INDEX OF

1982-2011 MODELS OF CARS INVOLVED IN

CRASHES DURING 1987-2011

with

90 % CONFIDENCE LIMITS

TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY INDEX

(WITH 90% CONFIDENCE LIMITS)

Victoria and New South Wales Data (1987-2011), Queensland Data (1991-2010), Western Australia

and New Zealand Data (1991-2011) Make Model of Car Years of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

ALL VEHICLE AVERAGE 17.39 22.83 3.97

Small Sports Utility Vehicles 18.98 23.04 4.37 4.13 4.63 0.50

Daihatsu Feroza / Rocky 89-97 21.36 23.89 5.10 4.31 6.04 1.72

Daihatsu Rocky / Rugger 85-98 22.29 30.49 6.80 5.60 8.25 2.65

Daihatsu Terios 97-05 22.34 20.99 4.69 3.96 5.55 1.59

Holden Cruze 02-06 19.94 23.97 4.78 4.01 5.70 1.69

Hyundai Tucson 04-10 14.25 24.91 3.55 2.49 5.06 2.57

Mitsubishi Pajero iO 99-03 17.18 32.37 5.56 3.49 8.86 5.37

Mitsubishi Outlander 03-06 16.24 22.38 3.63 2.85 4.63 1.79

Mitsubishi / Peugeot Outlander / 4007 06-11 14.22 13.84 1.97 1.41 2.75 1.35

Kia Sportage 98-03 18.92 19.74 3.73 3.10 4.50 1.40

Kia Sportage KM 05-10 17.00 29.43 5.00 3.43 7.30 3.87

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 16.47 21.11 3.48 3.12 3.87 0.75

Nissan Dualis 07-11 14.98 30.16 4.52 2.87 7.11 4.24

Lada Niva 84-99 20.09 24.33 4.89 3.71 6.44 2.73

Honda HR-V 99-02 17.04 29.82 5.08 4.05 6.38 2.33

Land Rover Freelander 98-06 16.47 25.59 4.21 3.09 5.75 2.66

Suzuki Vitara / Escudo 88-98 20.96 25.51 5.35 4.91 5.83 0.92

Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai / SJ410 / SJ413 82-99 24.26 23.25 5.64 5.18 6.14 0.95

Suzuki Jimny 98-10 21.74 22.03 4.79 3.78 6.07 2.29

Suzuki SX4 07-11 13.65 25.57 3.49 2.36 5.16 2.79


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Medium Sports Utility Vehicles 15.79 22.86 3.61 3.43 3.80 0.37

BMW X3 E83 04-10 7.33 21.28 1.56 0.74 3.28 2.55

Daewoo / Ssangong Musso 98-02 13.60 36.12 4.91 3.72 6.48 2.75

Ssangyong Rexton 03-06 24.14 13.88 3.35 1.29 8.72 7.44

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 82-91 22.59 21.85 4.93 4.19 5.82 1.63



Holden Frontera / Mu 95-03 17.64 24.62 4.34 3.43 5.50 2.07

Holden Adventra 03-06 15.78 18.41 2.91 2.08 4.06 1.98

Holden Captiva CG 06-11 15.20 16.83 2.56 2.01 3.26 1.26

Hyundai Santa Fe 00-06 17.49 22.75 3.98 3.18 4.97 1.79

Hyundai Terracan 01-07 16.56 30.73 5.09 3.73 6.94 3.21

Mitsubishi Pajero 82-90 20.81 26.68 5.55 5.00 6.17 1.17

Mitsubishi Pajero 92-99 17.15 25.00 4.29 3.93 4.68 0.76

Mitsubishi Pajero NM / NP 00-06 13.81 23.35 3.23 2.78 3.74 0.96

Mitsubishi Pajero NS / NT / NW 07-11 11.86 28.24 3.35 2.40 4.67 2.28

Mitsubishi Challenger 98-06 17.56 21.68 3.81 3.09 4.69 1.60

Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 17.90 24.93 4.46 3.90 5.11 1.21

Jeep Wrangler 96-04 19.82 24.17 4.79 3.82 6.01 2.20

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 16.17 21.69 3.51 2.68 4.58 1.90

Jeep Wrangler 05-11 16.37 15.36 2.51 1.46 4.33 2.88

Land Rover Defender 92-11 16.10 25.76 4.15 3.16 5.44 2.28

Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 01-06 15.63 23.33 3.65 3.20 4.15 0.95

Mazda CX-7 06-11 14.20 15.88 2.26 1.50 3.39 1.89

Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 06-11 / 06-08 10.67 8.51 0.91 0.28 2.95 2.67

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano 88-94 17.87 22.64 4.05 3.43 4.78 1.35

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano / Regulus 95-05 15.17 22.80 3.46 2.96 4.04 1.08

Nissan Murano 05-08 13.88 18.48 2.56 1.60 4.10 2.50


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Nissan Pathfinder 05-11 12.82 17.36 2.23 1.53 3.24 1.72

Honda CR-V 97-01 15.14 22.04 3.34 2.98 3.74 0.76

Honda CR-V 02-06 15.76 19.28 3.04 2.65 3.48 0.82

Honda MDX 03-06 11.64 25.63 2.98 1.70 5.22 3.52

Honda CR-V 07-11 13.04 22.49 2.93 2.29 3.75 1.45

Subaru Tribeca 06-11 16.72 24.34 4.07 2.45 6.76 4.31

Subaru Forester 08-11 14.79 19.80 2.93 2.13 4.03 1.91

Subaru Forester 97-02 15.52 19.96 3.10 2.72 3.52 0.80

Subaru Forester 02-08 14.22 20.10 2.86 2.50 3.26 0.76

Suzuki Grand Vitara 99-05 17.21 20.83 3.58 3.00 4.29 1.29

Suzuki Grand Vitara / Escudo 05-08 16.14 17.72 2.86 2.07 3.95 1.88

Suzuki Grand Vitara JT 08-11 16.78 26.87 4.51 2.82 7.20 4.37

Toyota RAV4 94-00 17.90 24.19 4.33 3.95 4.75 0.80

Toyota RAV4 01-06 16.04 22.74 3.65 3.29 4.04 0.75

Lexus RX330 03-05 10.95 31.90 3.49 2.43 5.03 2.60

Toyota RAV4 06-11 13.13 23.72 3.11 2.67 3.63 0.96

Large Sports Utility Vehicles 15.56 25.58 3.98 3.79 4.17 0.38

BMW X5 01-08 11.43 19.33 2.21 1.71 2.86 1.16

Ford Bronco 82-87 22.23 31.98 7.11 5.06 9.98 4.92

Ford Explorer 00-01 20.01 23.61 4.72 3.76 5.94 2.19

Ford Explorer 01-05 14.14 21.94 3.10 2.31 4.16 1.85

Ford Territory SX/SY 04-11 13.49 21.51 2.90 2.53 3.33 0.80

Jeep Grand Cherokee ZG 96-99 17.41 22.93 3.99 3.03 5.27 2.24

Jeep Grand Cherokee WG 99-05 14.26 26.07 3.72 2.90 4.77 1.87

Jeep Grand Cherokee WH 05-10 15.46 17.07 2.64 1.38 5.05 3.67

Kia Sorento 03-09 14.34 21.70 3.11 2.26 4.29 2.04

Land Rover Discovery 91-02 15.98 21.01 3.36 2.88 3.92 1.05

Land Rover Discovery 02-04 14.72 21.43 3.15 1.75 5.67 3.91


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda CX-9 07-11 10.20 19.68 2.01 1.07 3.75 2.68

Mercedes Benz M-Class W163 98-05 13.43 19.47 2.61 2.00 3.43 1.43

Mercedes Benz M-Class W164 05-11 10.13 17.89 1.81 1.10 2.99 1.89

Nissan Patrol / Safari 82-87 19.71 27.81 5.48 4.80 6.27 1.47

Nissan / Ford Patrol / Maverick / Safari 88-97 16.62 25.86 4.30 4.04 4.57 0.53

Nissan Patrol / Safari 98-11 14.87 25.72 3.83 3.55 4.12 0.56

Porsche Cayenne 03-10 15.82 8.16 1.29 0.47 3.53 3.05

Land Rover Range Rover 82-94 19.17 23.85 4.57 3.80 5.50 1.69



Toyota Landcruiser 82-89 19.59 30.29 5.93 5.61 6.28 0.67



Toyota Kluger / Highlander 03-07 14.87 21.58 3.21 2.63 3.92 1.29

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 96-03 15.34 25.41 3.90 3.40 4.47 1.07


Lexus RX350/400h/450h 06-11 9.55 16.08 1.54 0.85 2.77 1.92

Toyota Kluger / Highlander 07-11 12.91 17.48 2.26 1.72 2.97 1.25

Toyota Landcruiser 200 Series 07-11 11.60 20.00 2.32 1.56 3.45 1.89


Volvo XC90 03-11 10.97 20.92 2.29 1.47 3.57 2.10

Volkswagen Touareg 03-10 14.62 30.17 4.41 2.82 6.89 4.07

Commercial - Utes 16.52 24.56 4.06 3.88 4.25 0.37

Ford / Nissan Falcon Ute / XFN Ute 82-95 18.81 25.08 4.72 4.45 5.00 0.56

Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 18.70 23.56 4.41 3.93 4.94 1.00

Ford Falcon Ute AU 00-02 16.94 23.04 3.90 3.54 4.31 0.77

Ford Falcon Ute BA/BF 03-08 14.79 21.59 3.19 2.87 3.55 0.68

Ford Ford F-Series 82-92 19.17 26.72 5.12 4.31 6.09 1.77


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford F-Series 01-06 14.25 27.98 3.99 2.96 5.37 2.42

Holden Commodore Ute VG/VP 90-93 17.58 25.44 4.47 3.92 5.10 1.18

Holden / Isuzu Rodeo / Pickup 82-85 20.17 27.29 5.50 4.54 6.67 2.13



Holden Rodeo 96-98 18.05 23.59 4.26 3.86 4.69 0.83

Holden Rodeo 99-02 17.80 26.48 4.71 4.32 5.14 0.82

Holden WB Series 82-85 18.74 30.35 5.69 5.01 6.45 1.44

Holden Commodore Ute VR/VS 94-00 17.65 26.84 4.74 4.45 5.04 0.58

Holden Commodore VU Ute 00-02 15.48 25.19 3.90 3.47 4.38 0.91

Holden Commodore VY/VZ Ute 02-07 15.29 24.25 3.71 3.43 4.01 0.57

Holden Rodeo 03-08 17.08 22.02 3.76 3.46 4.09 0.62

Holden Commodore VE Ute 07-11 14.63 21.71 3.18 2.51 4.02 1.51

Holden Colorado RC 08-11 17.64 20.22 3.57 2.66 4.78 2.12

Mitsubishi Triton MK 96-06 15.78 22.48 3.55 3.07 4.10 1.04

Mitsubishi Triton ML / MN 06-11 15.16 20.31 3.08 2.59 3.66 1.06

Isuzu D-Max 08-11 14.65 17.60 2.58 1.17 5.68 4.51

Kia Ceres 92-00 18.98 27.79 5.27 4.54 6.13 1.58

Kia K2700 02-08 15.48 32.29 5.00 3.45 7.25 3.80

Ford / Mazda Courier / B-Series / Bounty 98-02 16.24 23.61 3.83 3.42 4.30 0.88

Ford / Mazda Courier / Bravo / Bounty 03-06 17.06 21.54 3.67 3.23 4.18 0.95

Ford / Mazda Ranger / BT-50 06-11 14.59 21.74 3.17 2.78 3.62 0.85

Nissan 720 Ute 82-85 19.56 22.39 4.38 3.79 5.05 1.26

Nissan Navara 86-91 18.62 25.92 4.83 4.44 5.25 0.81

Nissan Navara 92-96 18.50 24.98 4.62 4.12 5.17 1.05

Nissan Navara 97-05 14.64 25.20 3.69 3.36 4.05 0.69

Nissan Navara 05-11 14.07 22.96 3.23 2.73 3.83 1.10

Proton Jumbuck 03-10 16.00 14.97 2.40 1.43 4.01 2.59

Subaru Brumby 82-92 20.66 30.22 6.24 5.56 7.01 1.45

Suzuki Mighty Boy 85-88 29.87 26.66 7.96 6.42 9.87 3.44


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 82-85 20.09 27.40 5.50 5.12 5.91 0.79



Toyota Hilux 98-02 16.71 23.85 3.99 3.73 4.26 0.53

Toyota Hilux 03-04 16.07 23.64 3.80 3.39 4.25 0.86

Toyota Hilux 05-11 14.23 22.56 3.21 2.97 3.48 0.51

Commercial - Vans 18.48 24.14 4.46 4.24 4.70 0.46

Citroen Berlingo 99-08 16.94 24.02 4.07 2.36 7.01 4.65

Daihatsu Handivan 82-90 27.99 27.37 7.66 6.47 9.07 2.60

Daihatsu Hi-Jet 82-90 35.85 27.88 10.00 7.43 13.44 6.00

Daihatsu Handivan / Cuore 99-03 23.18 26.66 6.18 4.49 8.51 4.02

Ford Falcon Panel Van 82-95 18.60 23.64 4.40 3.95 4.89 0.94

Ford Falcon Panel Van 96-99 16.76 25.27 4.24 3.25 5.53 2.28

Ford Transit 95-00 18.26 22.34 4.08 3.42 4.87 1.46

Ford Transit 01-07 14.10 19.45 2.74 2.27 3.32 1.05

Fiat Ducato 02-07 13.42 22.56 3.03 1.73 5.31 3.59

Holden Shuttle / WFR Van 82-87 23.58 23.92 5.64 4.40 7.23 2.82

Hyundai iLoad 08-11 11.88 25.82 3.07 2.00 4.71 2.72

Mitsubishi Commercial - Van 94-11 19.60 27.33 5.36 4.27 6.72 2.44

Kia Pregio 02-06 20.66 22.62 4.67 3.84 5.69 1.84

Mercedes Benz MB100 / MB140 99-04 15.39 21.76 3.35 2.46 4.55 2.09

Mercedes Benz Vito 99-04 16.38 22.63 3.71 2.88 4.77 1.89

Mercedes Benz Sprinter 98-06 17.50 20.89 3.66 2.89 4.62 1.73

Mercedes Benz Sprinter 06-11 17.45 20.99 3.66 2.03 6.61 4.58

Mercedes Benz Vito / Viano 04-11 12.26 25.27 3.10 1.98 4.85 2.88

Honda Acty 83-86 16.70 20.76 3.47 2.41 4.99 2.58

Holden / Suzuki Scurry / Carry 82-00 29.55 27.71 8.19 6.72 9.98 3.26

Suzuki Carry 99-05 17.57 23.33 4.10 2.43 6.92 4.49


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Suzuki APV 05-11 17.98 12.38 2.23 1.00 4.97 3.98

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 82-86 23.00 27.95 6.43 5.97 6.92 0.96




Toyota Hiace 05-11 17.53 25.36 4.45 3.63 5.44 1.80

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 88-94 17.78 23.03 4.10 2.73 6.14 3.41

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 95-04 19.41 20.91 4.06 3.28 5.02 1.74

Volkswagen Transporter 04-11 14.85 20.55 3.05 1.78 5.23 3.45

Volkswagen Caddy 05-11 20.62 20.55 4.24 2.92 6.16 3.24

Large Cars 16.88 23.35 3.94 3.77 4.12 0.35

Audi A8 95-03 11.05 25.66 2.84 1.43 5.61 4.18

BMW 5 Series E60 / E61 03-10 14.09 23.91 3.37 2.28 4.98 2.70

BMW 5 Series E28 82-88 16.56 24.42 4.04 3.26 5.02 1.75

BMW 5 Series E34 89-95 16.41 24.40 4.00 3.32 4.82 1.49

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 13.60 19.93 2.71 2.16 3.39 1.23

BMW 7 Series E23 82-86 15.51 19.94 3.09 1.88 5.09 3.21

BMW 7 Series E32 87-94 18.09 26.18 4.74 3.48 6.45 2.97

BMW 7 Series E38 95-01 15.65 18.57 2.91 1.84 4.58 2.74

BMW 7 Series E65 02-08 12.07 34.29 4.14 2.16 7.92 5.76

Chrysler 300C 06-10 12.81 26.10 3.34 2.11 5.31 3.21

Ford Falcon XE/XF 82-88 19.30 25.55 4.93 4.79 5.07 0.28

Ford Fairlane Z & LTD F 82-87 18.84 25.49 4.80 4.45 5.18 0.73

Ford Falcon EA / Falcon EB Series I 88-Mar 92 18.74 24.83 4.65 4.51 4.80 0.29

Ford Falcon EB Series II / Falcon ED Apr 92-94 17.97 24.69 4.44 4.25 4.63 0.38

Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 88-94 16.13 24.06 3.88 3.57 4.22 0.66

Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 95-98 17.51 23.84 4.17 3.69 4.72 1.03

Ford Fairlane & LTD AU 99-02 17.14 21.19 3.63 3.03 4.35 1.32


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Ford Fairlane & LTD BA/BF 03-07 13.71 21.01 2.88 2.22 3.74 1.52

Ford Falcon FG 08-11 12.77 16.07 2.05 1.69 2.49 0.79

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 18.05 23.24 4.19 4.07 4.32 0.25

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 17.50 22.58 3.95 3.80 4.10 0.30

Ford Taurus 96-98 19.48 24.33 4.74 3.77 5.95 2.18

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 15.89 21.61 3.43 3.29 3.59 0.30

Holden / Toyota Commodore VN/VP / Lexcen 89-93 18.60 25.44 4.73 4.60 4.86 0.26

Holden Statesman/Caprice WB 82-85 20.25 43.37 8.78 6.30 12.25 5.95

Holden Stateman/Caprice VQ 90-93 16.88 28.66 4.84 3.90 5.99 2.09

Holden Stateman/Caprice VR/VS 94-98 16.69 24.65 4.11 3.76 4.49 0.73

Holden / Toyota Commodore VR/VS / Lexcen 93-97 17.76 24.35 4.32 4.20 4.45 0.24

Holden Commodore VT/VX 97-02 17.98 23.05 4.14 4.02 4.27 0.25

Holden Statesman/Caprice WH 99-03 17.67 23.46 4.15 3.57 4.81 1.24

Holden Commodore VY/VZ 02-07 16.69 20.34 3.40 3.23 3.57 0.33

Holden Monaro 01-05 17.48 24.80 4.34 3.62 5.20 1.58

Holden Statesman/Caprice WK/WL 03-06 15.39 22.61 3.48 2.75 4.40 1.66

Holden Commodore VB-VL 82-88 19.89 26.20 5.21 5.06 5.36 0.30

Holden Commodore VE 06-11 16.21 20.08 3.25 3.02 3.51 0.49

Holden Statesman/Caprice WM 06-11 14.69 19.09 2.81 1.78 4.43 2.65

Hyundai Sonata 89-97 19.14 23.31 4.46 4.06 4.91 0.85

Hyundai Grandeaur / XG 99-00 18.58 18.32 3.40 2.43 4.77 2.35

Mitsubishi Magna TM/TN/TP / Sigma / V3000 85-90 19.53 25.37 4.96 4.77 5.15 0.38



96-03 17.93 23.14 4.15 3.97 4.34 0.36

Mitsubishi Magna TR/TS / Verada KR/KS / V3000 /

Diamante

91-96 18.66 23.35 4.36 4.19 4.53 0.34

Mitsubishi Magna TL/TW / Verada KL/KW 03-05 16.92 20.40 3.45 3.00 3.97 0.96

Mitsubishi 380 05-08 15.17 20.29 3.08 2.52 3.76 1.24

Jaguar XJ6 82-86 20.48 32.10 6.57 4.95 8.73 3.77

Jaguar XJ6 87-94 17.64 18.19 3.21 2.33 4.41 2.08

Jaguar XJ6 95-97 13.11 32.41 4.25 2.50 7.21 4.71


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Jaguar XJS 82-96 20.21 16.48 3.33 1.28 8.66 7.38

Jaguar S-Type 99-08 14.22 17.49 2.49 1.56 3.97 2.42

Kia Optima 01-06 18.30 18.28 3.35 1.91 5.86 3.95

Mazda 929 / Luce 82-90 20.55 23.94 4.92 4.46 5.43 0.96

Mazda 929 / Sentia / Efini MS-9 92-96 17.99 32.40 5.83 4.26 7.97 3.70

Mercedes Benz E-Class W123 82-85 17.30 22.52 3.89 2.84 5.34 2.50



Mercedes Benz S-Class W126 82-92 16.38 19.71 3.23 2.57 4.06 1.49

Mercedes Benz S-Class R129 93-02 13.49 10.45 1.41 0.43 4.63 4.20

Mercedes Benz S-Class C140 93-98 12.42 27.74 3.45 2.22 5.34 3.11

Mercedes Benz S-Class W220 99-06 15.56 18.02 2.80 1.61 4.89 3.29


Nissan Skyline 83-88 19.67 24.92 4.90 4.57 5.25 0.68

Nissan 300ZX / Fairlady Z 90-95 20.61 25.35 5.23 4.21 6.48 2.27

Nissan Maxima 90-94 18.63 23.45 4.37 3.75 5.09 1.34

Nissan Maxima / Cefiro 95-99 18.01 22.09 3.98 3.48 4.55 1.07

Nissan Maxima 00-02 17.77 24.09 4.28 3.50 5.23 1.73

Nissan 300C / Laurel 85-87 22.32 27.51 6.14 3.47 10.86 7.39

Nissan Maxima 06-09 14.89 19.78 2.94 2.29 3.79 1.51

Honda Legend 86-95 17.45 23.72 4.14 3.43 5.00 1.57

Honda Legend 96-98 10.42 19.13 1.99 0.90 4.41 3.51

Honda Legend 99-04 17.21 40.71 7.01 3.91 12.57 8.67

Rover 3500 82-87 21.44 18.55 3.98 2.41 6.56 4.15

Saab 9-5 98-05 16.48 13.61 2.24 1.37 3.69 2.32

Saab 9-5 06-10 19.71 24.46 4.82 2.49 9.32 6.82

Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 82-85 20.36 26.64 5.42 4.83 6.08 1.25

Toyota Crown / Cressida / Mark II 86-88 16.15 29.27 4.73 3.90 5.73 1.84

Toyota Cressida / Mark II 89-93 16.09 20.31 3.27 2.84 3.76 0.92

Toyota Supra 82-90 21.63 28.38 6.14 4.99 7.56 2.57


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Lexus ES300 / Windom 92-01 18.25 19.97 3.64 2.92 4.55 1.63

Lexus LS400 / Celsior 90-00 14.97 24.03 3.60 2.46 5.26 2.80

Lexus GS300 97-04 13.25 22.17 2.94 1.63 5.29 3.66

Toyota Avalon 00-05 16.92 22.59 3.82 3.46 4.22 0.76

Lexus ES300 01-05 10.61 33.34 3.54 1.93 6.48 4.55

Lexus GS300/450h/460 05-11 12.90 23.07 2.98 1.37 6.49 5.12

Toyota Aurion 06-11 14.46 18.91 2.73 2.29 3.26 0.97

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 17.52 23.37 4.09 3.57 4.70 1.14

Volvo 700/900 Series 84-92 17.39 21.03 3.66 3.15 4.25 1.10

Volvo 960/S90/V90 90-98 18.81 26.31 4.95 3.12 7.86 4.75

Volvo S80 98-06 15.39 15.10 2.33 1.09 4.94 3.85

Volvo V70 / XC70 00-07 14.15 12.40 1.75 0.97 3.17 2.20

Medium Cars 17.17 22.77 3.91 3.74 4.09 0.36

Alfa Romeo 164 89-92 18.30 34.24 6.26 3.86 10.16 6.29

Alfa Romeo 156 99-06 15.27 20.96 3.20 2.33 4.40 2.06

Alfa Romeo GTV / Spider 98-04 14.68 26.67 3.91 2.18 7.02 4.83

Alfa Romeo 147 / GT 01-10 14.29 22.53 3.22 2.17 4.78 2.61

Audi A4 / S4 B8 08-11 16.55 13.02 2.16 1.03 4.51 3.48

Audi A6/S6/AllRoad 95-04 16.40 15.89 2.61 0.99 6.86 5.86

Audi A4 95-01 15.48 22.26 3.44 2.81 4.23 1.43

Audi TT 99-06 15.33 21.39 3.28 1.92 5.59 3.66

Audi A4 01-08 13.85 19.69 2.73 2.12 3.50 1.38

BMW Z3 E36 97-03 13.90 24.49 3.40 2.33 4.98 2.65

BMW Z4 E85 03-09 15.57 29.37 4.57 2.33 8.97 6.64

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 14.96 19.58 2.93 2.31 3.73 1.42

BMW 3 Series E30 82-91 17.42 23.56 4.10 3.72 4.53 0.82

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 16.97 22.28 3.78 3.48 4.11 0.63

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 16.94 20.45 3.47 3.10 3.88 0.78


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Chrysler PT Cruiser 00-10 14.60 21.28 3.11 2.02 4.77 2.75

Citroen Xantia 94-00 15.61 27.84 4.35 2.48 7.62 5.15

Citroen C5 01-08 13.46 21.45 2.89 1.62 5.16 3.54

Daewoo Espero 95-97 22.23 25.93 5.77 4.85 6.85 2.00

Daewoo Leganza 97-02 18.96 25.33 4.80 3.98 5.79 1.80

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 19.03 37.53 7.14 4.96 10.28 5.32

Ford Cortina 82-82 20.45 25.67 5.25 4.60 6.00 1.40

Ford Mondeo 95-01 16.59 21.33 3.54 3.17 3.95 0.78

Ford Mondeo 07-11 16.20 19.36 3.14 2.14 4.60 2.46

Ford Probe 94-98 20.31 26.76 5.44 4.00 7.40 3.40

Ford Cougar 99-03 15.37 19.80 3.04 2.47 3.74 1.27

Holden Calibra 94-97 18.58 26.43 4.91 3.87 6.23 2.35

Holden Camira 82-89 23.01 24.48 5.63 5.38 5.90 0.52

Holden Vectra 97-03 17.29 21.13 3.65 3.33 4.01 0.68

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 16.99 17.83 3.03 2.34 3.92 1.57

Hyundai Sonata 98-01 18.30 19.96 3.65 3.00 4.45 1.45

Hyundai Sonata EF 02-05 19.51 18.89 3.69 2.56 5.30 2.74

Hyundai Tiburon 02-10 18.54 25.62 4.75 2.99 7.54 4.54

Hyundai Sonata NF 05-10 20.82 22.77 4.74 3.28 6.85 3.57

Mitsubishi Sigma / Galant / Sapporo / Lambda 82-84 20.36 24.57 5.00 4.75 5.27 0.52

Mitsubishi Starion 82-87 20.59 36.50 7.51 5.49 10.28 4.79

Mitsubishi Galant 95-96 19.46 21.81 4.25 3.74 4.82 1.08

Jaguar X-Type 02-10 13.35 19.19 2.56 1.62 4.06 2.44

Kia Credos 98-01 23.72 31.26 7.42 4.71 11.67 6.96

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 83-86 19.94 23.10 4.61 4.36 4.86 0.50

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella 88-91 18.18 24.73 4.50 4.23 4.78 0.55

Ford / Mazda Telstar / 626 / MX6 / Capella / Cronos 92-97 16.27 24.54 3.99 3.73 4.27 0.54

Mazda 626 98-02 16.44 22.59 3.71 3.30 4.18 0.88

Mazda RX7 82-85 20.89 29.76 6.22 5.06 7.65 2.59

Mazda RX7 86-91 18.42 22.75 4.19 3.19 5.51 2.33


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda RX7 92-98 17.04 25.49 4.34 2.39 7.91 5.52

Mazda Eunos 500 93-99 21.58 19.24 4.15 3.00 5.74 2.74

Mazda Eunos 800 94-00 18.95 27.48 5.21 3.32 8.16 4.83

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 16.01 17.74 2.84 2.51 3.22 0.71

Mazda RX-8 03-11 15.31 11.58 1.77 1.08 2.91 1.83

Mazda 6 / Atenza 08-11 16.62 22.80 3.79 2.79 5.14 2.34

Mercedes Benz C-Class W201 87-93 16.95 25.34 4.30 3.54 5.21 1.67


Mercedes Benz CLK C208 97-03 15.40 25.26 3.89 2.72 5.56 2.85

Mercedes Benz SLK R170 97-04 17.03 17.60 3.00 1.76 5.11 3.35


Mercedes Benz CLK C209 03-09 14.03 18.53 2.60 1.71 3.94 2.23


Nissan Pintara 86-88 19.05 24.71 4.71 4.35 5.09 0.74

Nissan / Ford Pintara / Corsair / Bluebird 89-92 20.15 25.75 5.19 4.91 5.48 0.57

Nissan Bluebird 82-86 20.71 25.69 5.32 5.05 5.60 0.55

Nissan 280ZX 82-84 18.11 32.61 5.91 3.67 9.49 5.82

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 16.43 23.22 3.82 3.42 4.25 0.83

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 15.79 25.73 4.06 3.45 4.79 1.34

Nissan 350Z / Fairlady 03-09 18.74 27.13 5.08 3.67 7.05 3.38

Honda Accord Euro 03-08 15.81 20.37 3.22 2.78 3.73 0.95

Honda Accord 03-07 15.54 18.23 2.83 2.32 3.46 1.14

Honda Accord 82-85 20.65 24.31 5.02 4.54 5.55 1.00

Honda Accord 86-90 17.72 25.06 4.44 4.03 4.89 0.86

Honda Accord 91-93 16.34 23.95 3.91 3.43 4.46 1.03

Honda Accord 94-98 16.91 23.20 3.92 3.58 4.30 0.73

Honda Accord 99-02 16.88 21.30 3.59 2.96 4.36 1.40

Honda Accord 08-11 14.21 27.05 3.85 2.79 5.30 2.51

Honda Accord Euro 08-11 15.85 20.69 3.28 2.06 5.22 3.16

Honda Prelude 82-82 17.62 19.29 3.40 2.03 5.69 3.66


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Prelude 83-91 18.48 25.49 4.71 4.35 5.11 0.76

Honda Prelude 92-96 16.72 24.30 4.06 3.55 4.65 1.10

Honda Prelude 97-02 17.24 21.02 3.62 2.93 4.49 1.56

Peugeot 407 04-11 10.55 15.05 1.59 0.88 2.88 2.00

Peugeot 405 89-97 15.59 24.53 3.82 3.09 4.73 1.64

Peugeot 505 82-93 14.37 23.43 3.37 2.62 4.32 1.70

Peugeot 406 96-04 10.62 23.80 2.53 1.77 3.60 1.83

Porsche 944 82-91 17.29 38.85 6.72 4.07 11.08 7.01

Renault Feugo 82-87 17.82 20.15 3.59 2.49 5.18 2.70

Rover 75 01-05 16.18 22.01 3.56 2.05 6.20 4.15

Saab 900 Series 82-92 16.84 21.20 3.57 2.92 4.36 1.44

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 15.41 18.41 2.84 2.35 3.43 1.08

Saab 9000 86-97 16.66 18.11 3.02 2.43 3.75 1.32

Saab 9-3 03-11 18.56 22.96 4.26 3.05 5.95 2.90

Subaru 1800 / Leone / Omega / 4WD Wagon 82-93 20.30 22.97 4.66 4.35 5.00 0.65

Subaru Liberty / Legacy 89-93 18.56 23.03 4.27 3.98 4.59 0.60

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 94-98 16.66 24.29 4.05 3.70 4.43 0.73



Toyota Corona 82-88 20.30 25.07 5.09 4.87 5.32 0.45

Toyota Camry 83-86 20.40 24.34 4.97 4.50 5.48 0.98

Holden / Toyota Apollo JK/JL / Camry / Vista 88-92 18.95 23.80 4.51 4.36 4.67 0.31

Holden / Toyota Apollo JM/JP / Camry / Sceptor 93-97 19.17 24.42 4.68 4.51 4.86 0.36

Toyota Camry 98-02 17.56 22.55 3.96 3.78 4.15 0.37

Toyota Celica 81-85 21.64 22.41 4.85 4.33 5.43 1.10

Toyota Celica 86-89 19.23 24.26 4.66 4.13 5.27 1.14

Toyota Celica 90-93 19.67 25.59 5.03 4.52 5.61 1.09

Toyota Celica 94-99 19.59 20.77 4.07 3.50 4.73 1.22

Toyota Celica 00-05 16.05 23.73 3.81 2.95 4.92 1.98

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 15.71 18.00 2.83 2.09 3.82 1.73


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Toyota Camry 02-06 17.01 19.88 3.38 3.15 3.63 0.47

Lexus IS350 / IS250 / IS F 05-11 13.37 18.83 2.52 1.69 3.74 2.05

Toyota Camry 06-11 14.45 21.11 3.05 2.70 3.45 0.76

Volvo 200 Series 82-93 15.83 24.41 3.86 3.43 4.35 0.92

Volvo S60 01-09 14.58 17.75 2.59 1.61 4.16 2.55

Volvo S40/V50 04-11 15.74 11.06 1.74 0.87 3.50 2.64

Volkswagen Passat 98-06 14.00 23.07 3.23 2.49 4.19 1.70

Volkswagen Passat 06-11 12.73 17.24 2.19 1.38 3.50 2.12

People Movers 18.07 23.81 4.30 4.08 4.54 0.46

Chrysler Voyager 97-01 17.13 18.54 3.18 2.34 4.31 1.97

Chrysler Grand Voyager RG 01-07 17.01 10.68 1.82 0.78 4.21 3.43

Ford Spectron 86-90 23.99 19.85 4.76 2.41 9.42 7.01

Holden Zafira TT 01-05 15.62 23.66 3.70 2.72 5.03 2.32

Hyundai Trajet 00-07 17.96 32.43 5.82 3.14 10.82 7.68

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot / Spacewagon 85-91 20.63 21.47 4.43 3.55 5.53 1.98

Mitsubishi Nimbus / Chariot 92-98 18.31 24.75 4.53 3.80 5.41 1.62

Mitsubishi Nimbus 99-03 12.95 17.98 2.33 1.57 3.46 1.89

Mitsubishi Starwagon / L300 83-86 25.44 28.26 7.19 6.58 7.86 1.27

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Starwagon 87-93 21.85 24.59 5.37 5.00 5.77 0.77

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Spacegear 95-03 21.02 23.50 4.94 4.35 5.60 1.25

Mitsubishi Grandis 04-11 13.67 24.18 3.30 1.88 5.80 3.92

Kia Carens 00-02 21.93 23.15 5.08 2.70 9.55 6.86

Kia Carnival 99-06 16.36 23.85 3.90 3.30 4.61 1.31

Kia Carnival 06-11 13.76 22.91 3.15 2.29 4.34 2.06

Mazda MPV 94-99 17.14 22.89 3.92 2.77 5.56 2.79

Mazda MPV 00-06 12.07 25.63 3.09 2.03 4.70 2.67

Nissan Prairie 84-86 21.74 24.28 5.28 4.18 6.66 2.48

Nissan Serena 92-95 15.66 19.80 3.10 2.24 4.30 2.06


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Honda Odyssey 95-00 16.59 21.82 3.62 2.99 4.38 1.40

Honda Odyssey 00-02 14.88 28.70 4.27 3.05 5.99 2.94

Honda Odyssey 04-09 14.51 17.41 2.53 1.87 3.41 1.53

Toyota Tarago 83-89 22.47 27.60 6.20 5.74 6.70 0.95

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 91-99 16.45 23.87 3.93 3.53 4.37 0.84

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 00-06 14.18 24.63 3.49 2.91 4.19 1.28

Toyota Spacia 93-00 17.77 24.00 4.27 2.76 6.60 3.84

Toyota Avensis Verso 01-10 14.04 35.70 5.01 3.36 7.48 4.12

Toyota Tarago 06-11 14.87 15.23 2.27 1.53 3.35 1.82

Small Cars 18.10 22.70 4.11 3.93 4.30 0.37

Alfa Romeo 33 83-92 17.21 24.82 4.27 3.34 5.46 2.12

Alfa Romeo 75 86-92 20.76 21.48 4.46 2.70 7.37 4.67

Alfa Romeo 90 85-88 13.55 44.21 5.99 3.23 11.13 7.90

Alfa Romeo GTV 82-84 17.94 47.99 8.61 5.81 12.74 6.93

Alfa Romeo Sprint 82-88 20.39 21.28 4.34 2.45 7.69 5.24

Alfa Romeo Alfasud 82-84 23.66 33.58 7.95 4.90 12.88 7.97

Alfa Romeo Alfetta 82-88 23.68 50.29 11.91 7.03 20.16 13.13

Audi A3 04-09 12.12 17.76 2.15 1.24 3.75 2.51

Audi A3/S3 97-04 16.48 20.95 3.45 2.52 4.73 2.20

Mini Mini Cooper 02-11 16.38 20.45 3.35 2.53 4.43 1.90

BMW 1 Series E81 / E82 / E87 / E88 04-11 16.91 19.97 3.38 2.47 4.62 2.15

Chrysler Neon 96-99 18.35 22.67 4.16 3.24 5.33 2.09

Chrysler Neon 00-02 18.00 25.52 4.59 2.86 7.37 4.51

Citroen BX 86-94 6.73 17.88 1.20 0.60 2.41 1.81

Citroen C4 05-10 15.55 21.48 3.34 1.96 5.68 3.72

Citroen Xsara 00-05 24.48 20.49 5.02 2.84 8.88 6.04

Daihatsu Applause 89-99 20.64 22.64 4.67 4.19 5.21 1.02

Daewoo 1.5i 94-95 25.62 21.60 5.53 3.45 8.87 5.42


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 20.77 21.99 4.57 4.17 5.00 0.83

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 18.21 21.89 3.99 3.60 4.42 0.82

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 20.32 23.62 4.80 4.46 5.17 0.72

Daewoo Lacetti 03-04 18.99 22.10 4.20 2.78 6.33 3.55

Ford Laser 91-94 19.72 23.26 4.59 4.38 4.81 0.43

Ford Laser 95-97 18.43 24.32 4.48 4.14 4.85 0.71

Ford Escort 82-82 19.49 19.15 3.73 2.85 4.90 2.05

Ford Capri 89-94 23.68 22.04 5.22 4.56 5.98 1.42

Ford Focus LR 02-05 17.85 20.59 3.67 3.22 4.20 0.98

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 14.73 23.07 3.40 2.98 3.87 0.89

Ford Focus LV 09-11 15.22 12.26 1.87 0.95 3.65 2.69

Fiat Regata 84-88 16.47 31.71 5.22 3.55 7.70 4.15

Holden / Isuzu Piazza 86-88 17.65 21.95 3.87 1.88 7.97 6.09

Holden Gemini 82-84 21.71 24.40 5.30 4.93 5.69 0.77

Holden Gemini RB 86-87 23.40 22.92 5.36 4.57 6.30 1.73

Holden Astra TR 96-98 17.29 22.66 3.92 3.35 4.57 1.22

Holden Astra TS 98-06 16.81 20.03 3.37 3.17 3.57 0.40

Holden Astra AH 04-09 16.57 19.97 3.31 2.93 3.74 0.80

Holden Viva JF 05-09 16.75 22.36 3.74 3.17 4.43 1.26

Holden Tigra 05-06 23.04 22.05 5.08 2.80 9.20 6.39

Holden Cruze JG / JH 09-11 17.14 16.31 2.80 2.09 3.75 1.66

Hyundai Excel 86-90 23.47 25.97 6.09 5.58 6.66 1.08

Hyundai Excel 90-94 21.68 25.27 5.48 5.18 5.80 0.63

Hyundai Excel / Accent 95-00 21.09 24.02 5.07 4.88 5.25 0.37

Hyundai Elantra 00-06 18.34 21.97 4.03 3.62 4.48 0.86

Hyundai Elantra Lavita 01-03 11.96 9.84 1.18 0.56 2.49 1.93

Hyundai Accent 06-09 17.18 20.26 3.48 2.41 5.02 2.60

Hyundai i30 07-11 14.14 25.46 3.60 2.96 4.38 1.41

Hyundai Elantra 07-10 23.58 22.87 5.39 2.48 11.73 9.26

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 21.43 24.99 5.36 4.59 6.25 1.66


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Hyundai Lantra 91-95 20.56 24.56 5.05 4.46 5.72 1.26

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 18.50 24.86 4.60 4.24 4.99 0.75

Hyundai Coupe 96-00 18.81 22.89 4.31 3.55 5.21 1.66

Hyundai Accent 00-06 19.36 23.21 4.49 4.16 4.85 0.69

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CA 89-90 18.51 23.32 4.32 4.00 4.66 0.66

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CB 91-92 20.96 25.50 5.35 4.58 6.23 1.65

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CC 93-95 18.72 23.06 4.32 4.04 4.62 0.58

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CE 96-03 19.26 22.76 4.38 4.20 4.58 0.38

Mitsubishi Cordia 83-87 23.07 27.80 6.41 5.74 7.16 1.42

Mitsubishi Lancer CE / CG / Cedia 02-03 26.21 27.23 7.14 4.50 11.31 6.81

Mitsubishi Lancer CH 03-07 16.73 22.58 3.78 3.40 4.19 0.79

Mitsubishi Lancer CJ 08-11 15.73 22.51 3.54 2.86 4.38 1.52

Kia Rio 00-05 18.70 24.21 4.53 4.09 5.01 0.92

Kia Spectra 01-04 18.40 24.15 4.44 3.34 5.91 2.57

Kia Cerato LD 04-08 18.13 20.56 3.73 2.99 4.66 1.67

Kia Rio JB 05-11 16.93 22.01 3.73 3.17 4.37 1.20

Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 / Familia 82-88 22.34 24.38 5.45 5.29 5.60 0.31

Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 90-93 18.98 22.24 4.22 3.92 4.54 0.63

Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 95-98 18.60 22.24 4.14 3.82 4.48 0.66

Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 17.05 20.34 3.47 3.23 3.73 0.50

Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 89-97 20.73 22.83 4.73 3.59 6.25 2.66

Mazda MX5 / Eunos Roadster 98-05 17.86 17.65 3.15 2.27 4.38 2.11

Mazda Eunos 30X / Presso / MX-3 / Autozam

AZ-3

90-97 17.54 22.34 3.92 3.00 5.11 2.11

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 15.38 19.42 2.99 2.75 3.24 0.49

Mazda MX-5 05-11 16.58 28.69 4.76 2.92 7.74 4.81

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 13.56 18.85 2.56 1.96 3.33 1.37

Mercedes Benz A-Class W168 98-04 17.35 23.34 4.05 3.02 5.44 2.43

Mercedes Benz A-Class W169 05-11 21.00 27.06 5.68 3.35 9.63 6.27

Mercedes Benz B-Class W245 05-11 8.44 20.49 1.73 0.87 3.46 2.59

Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Langley 84-86 22.20 26.55 5.89 5.58 6.22 0.64


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Holden / Nissan Astra / Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 88-90 20.33 25.57 5.20 4.96 5.45 0.50

Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 92-95 18.51 22.80 4.22 3.96 4.50 0.54

Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 96-99 18.63 23.30 4.34 4.11 4.58 0.46

Nissan Stanza 82-83 21.81 25.91 5.65 4.38 7.29 2.91

Nissan Gazelle / Silvia 84-86 20.64 28.59 5.90 4.96 7.02 2.07

Nissan Exa 83-86 27.92 28.86 8.06 6.52 9.96 3.43

Nissan Exa 87-91 21.19 29.83 6.32 4.64 8.61 3.96

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 22.97 29.54 6.79 5.81 7.93 2.12

Nissan Pulsar / Bluebird Sylphy 00-05 17.50 21.77 3.81 3.56 4.07 0.51

Nissan Tiida 06-11 18.13 21.96 3.98 3.14 5.04 1.90

Honda Civic 82-83 20.44 26.01 5.32 4.54 6.22 1.68

Honda Civic / Ballade / Shuttle 84-87 22.40 26.99 6.05 5.55 6.59 1.04

Honda Civic / Shuttle 88-91 20.10 23.35 4.69 4.36 5.05 0.70

Honda Civic 92-95 19.31 22.65 4.37 4.05 4.72 0.67

Honda Civic 96-00 18.91 20.81 3.93 3.62 4.27 0.65

Honda CRX 87-91 22.95 27.38 6.28 5.20 7.60 2.40

Honda CRX 92-98 19.69 26.06 5.13 3.75 7.03 3.28

Honda S2000 99-09 12.65 16.07 2.03 1.11 3.74 2.63

Honda Civic 01-05 15.94 21.17 3.37 2.93 3.88 0.95

Honda Civic 06-11 15.12 19.82 3.00 2.56 3.51 0.95

Honda Integra 86-88 20.28 24.46 4.96 4.18 5.88 1.70

Honda Integra 90-92 20.48 24.28 4.97 4.23 5.85 1.62

Honda Integra 93-01 18.88 21.92 4.14 3.56 4.81 1.25

Honda Integra 02-06 18.32 26.02 4.77 3.48 6.53 3.05

Honda Concerto 89-93 17.90 26.31 4.71 3.91 5.68 1.77

Peugeot 308 08-11 17.04 11.50 1.96 1.05 3.67 2.63

Peugeot 306 94-01 16.88 18.74 3.16 2.66 3.76 1.10

Peugeot 307 01-09 13.88 15.26 2.12 1.65 2.72 1.07

Proton Wira 95-96 18.81 26.09 4.91 4.26 5.66 1.40

Proton Gen 2 04-11 16.54 26.04 4.31 2.85 6.51 3.65


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Renault Megane Cabriolet 01-03 12.00 6.59 0.79 0.15 4.07 3.92

Renault Megane II 03-10 17.41 21.99 3.83 2.41 6.08 3.67

Renault 19 91-96 20.16 21.16 4.27 2.98 6.10 3.12

Renault Scenic 01-04 17.40 17.11 2.98 1.97 4.50 2.53

Rover Quintet 82-86 21.03 20.64 4.34 3.04 6.19 3.14

MG MGF / MG TF 99-05 12.42 25.59 3.18 2.14 4.73 2.60

Subaru Vortex 85-89 26.32 21.14 5.56 3.33 9.30 5.97

Subaru Impreza 93-00 18.88 25.89 4.89 4.55 5.26 0.71

Subaru Impreza 01-07 15.30 21.00 3.21 2.87 3.60 0.73

Subaru Impreza 07-11 14.00 22.26 3.12 2.36 4.12 1.76

Suzuki Baleno / Cultus Crescent 95-02 17.54 20.22 3.55 3.05 4.13 1.08

Suzuki Liana 01-07 16.22 20.66 3.35 2.59 4.33 1.73

Toyota Corolla 82-84 21.21 23.41 4.97 4.70 5.25 0.55

Toyota Corolla 86-88 20.51 24.80 5.09 4.87 5.32 0.45

Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 89-93 19.62 23.89 4.69 4.52 4.85 0.33

Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 94-97 18.30 22.85 4.18 4.00 4.37 0.37

Toyota Corolla / Allex 98-01 17.16 20.53 3.52 3.27 3.79 0.52

Toyota Corolla 02-07 16.71 21.58 3.61 3.42 3.80 0.39

Toyota Corolla 07-11 16.08 21.72 3.49 3.15 3.88 0.73

Toyota Tercel 83-88 21.83 22.48 4.91 3.88 6.21 2.33

Toyota MR2 87-90 21.67 26.05 5.64 4.38 7.27 2.89

Toyota MR2 91-00 20.44 25.91 5.30 3.95 7.09 3.13

Toyota Paseo / Cynos 91-99 18.85 24.74 4.66 4.05 5.37 1.32

Toyota MR2 00-05 16.96 18.66 3.16 1.58 6.35 4.78

Toyota Corolla 4WD Wagon 92-96 19.14 25.82 4.94 3.80 6.43 2.64

Toyota Prius II 03-09 12.85 18.30 2.35 1.74 3.18 1.43

Volvo 300 Series 84-88 15.57 31.37 4.89 3.30 7.23 3.93

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 15.87 18.54 2.94 2.31 3.75 1.43

Volkswagen Golf 82-94 20.06 26.60 5.34 3.88 7.35 3.47

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 16.26 24.29 3.95 3.27 4.77 1.50


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Volkswagen Golf / Bora 99-04 16.75 17.58 2.94 2.56 3.39 0.84

Volkswagen New Beetle 00-11 16.88 22.88 3.86 2.94 5.07 2.12

Volkswagen Golf / Jetta 04-11 14.63 18.79 2.75 2.34 3.22 0.88

Light Cars 19.48 23.35 4.55 4.34 4.77 0.42

Citroen C3 02-10 17.58 14.48 2.54 1.33 4.86 3.53

Daihatsu Charade 82-86 25.14 28.64 7.20 6.51 7.96 1.46



Daihatsu Pyzar 97-01 17.82 27.65 4.93 3.72 6.52 2.80

Daihatsu Move 97-99 21.39 18.53 3.96 2.23 7.05 4.82

Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 98-04 19.40 22.42 4.35 3.79 5.00 1.21


Daihatsu Mira 90-96 28.46 27.31 7.77 6.71 9.01 2.29

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 24.56 20.23 4.97 4.22 5.84 1.62

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 18.14 26.49 4.80 3.78 6.10 2.32

Ford Festiva WD/WH/WF 94-01 22.26 24.03 5.35 5.11 5.60 0.49

Ford Ka 99-02 18.92 23.46 4.44 3.55 5.54 1.99

Ford Fiesta WP/WQ 04-08 17.07 10.06 1.72 0.68 4.32 3.64

Ford Fiesta WS 09-11 18.58 25.27 4.69 3.36 6.56 3.20

Holden Barina XC / Combo 01-11 18.23 20.07 3.66 3.29 4.06 0.77

Holden Barina SB 95-00 20.63 21.81 4.50 4.19 4.83 0.63

Holden Barina TK 05-11 17.53 21.51 3.77 3.32 4.28 0.95

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 18.01 25.51 4.59 4.27 4.94 0.67

Mitsubishi Mirage / Colt 82-88 22.70 24.53 5.57 5.30 5.85 0.56

Mitsubishi Colt 04-11 17.58 22.95 4.04 3.19 5.10 1.91

Ford / Mazda Festiva WA / 121 87-90 22.27 24.81 5.52 5.18 5.89 0.71

Mazda 121 / Autozam Review 94-96 20.74 23.22 4.82 4.39 5.29 0.90

Mazda 121 Metro / Demio 97-02 18.45 22.57 4.16 3.75 4.62 0.86


Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

road users

involved

%

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Lower 90%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 16.76 25.87 4.33 3.73 5.04 1.31

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 16.26 21.42 3.48 2.88 4.21 1.33

Nissan Micra 95-97 20.79 24.91 5.18 4.35 6.17 1.82

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 15.48 21.97 3.40 2.98 3.88 0.90

Honda Jazz GE / Fit 08-11 16.23 15.17 2.46 1.70 3.56 1.86

Honda City 83-86 26.94 25.00 6.73 5.75 7.88 2.13

Honda City 09-11 12.00 12.00 1.44 0.61 3.41 2.80

Peugeot 205 87-94 18.25 21.15 3.86 2.68 5.55 2.87

Peugeot 207 07-11 12.14 10.02 1.22 0.52 2.85 2.33

Peugeot 206 99-07 16.60 22.28 3.70 2.99 4.58 1.60

Proton Satria 97-05 20.45 25.17 5.15 3.23 8.20 4.97

Proton Savvy 06-11 16.29 18.34 2.99 1.58 5.65 4.07

Renault Clio 01-08 18.39 29.74 5.47 3.96 7.55 3.59

Lada Samara 88-90 19.24 44.18 8.50 4.95 14.59 9.64

Subaru Sherpa / Fiori / 700 / Rex 89-92 30.83 25.90 7.99 6.84 9.32 2.48

Suzuki Swift 82-85 25.47 28.65 7.30 5.32 10.00 4.68

Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 86-88 25.20 25.80 6.50 6.01 7.03 1.02

Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 89-99 21.41 24.06 5.15 4.92 5.39 0.47

Suzuki Hatch / Alto 82-84 31.22 28.24 8.82 7.62 10.20 2.59

Suzuki Alto 85-00 28.32 29.67 8.40 6.84 10.32 3.47

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 21.19 22.41 4.75 3.87 5.82 1.94

Suzuki Swift 05-10 17.95 21.24 3.81 3.42 4.25 0.84

Suzuki Alto 09-11 17.19 28.90 4.97 2.71 9.10 6.39

Toyota Starlet 96-99 19.83 24.28 4.81 4.44 5.22 0.78

Toyota Echo 99-05 17.73 23.54 4.17 3.90 4.47 0.57

Toyota Yaris / Vitz 05-11 16.52 19.21 3.17 2.87 3.51 0.64

Volkswagen Polo 96-00 18.40 19.15 3.52 2.76 4.49 1.72

Volkswagen Polo 01-02 17.35 27.46 4.77 2.87 7.91 5.04

Volkswagen Polo 02-10 16.84 21.35 3.59 2.73 4.74 2.01

APPENDIX 7

PRESENTATION OF CRASHWORTHINESS, AGGRESSIVITY AND TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY RATINGS FOR CONSUMER INFORMATION

CRASHWORTHINESS, AGGRESSIVITY AND TOTAL SECONDARY SAFETY

Victoria and New South Wales Data (1987-2011), South Australia Data (1995-2011),


Criteria

Latest Year of Manufacture 1996 Benchmark CWR 2.19% AGG 2.69% TSS 2.77%

Confidence Limit Width 0.02

1.6

Percentile 11.00% 11.00% 11.00%

Coefficient of Variation Increment 30.00% 20.00% 20.00%

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture

CRASHWORTHINESS RATING

Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 6

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 9

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

ctro

nic

Sta

bil

ity

Co

ntr

ol

Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Small Sports Utility Vehicles

Daihatsu Feroza / Rocky 89-97 5.22 4.22 6.47 2.24 0.43 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 x

Daihatsu Rocky / Rugger 85-98 7.24 5.74 9.15 3.41 0.47 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx

Daihatsu Terios 97-05 5.20 4.28 6.31 2.03 0.39 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 x

Holden Cruze 02-06 5.19 4.23 6.37 2.13 0.41 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 x

Mitsubishi / Peugeot Outlander / 4007 06-11 1.34 0.79 2.28 1.49 1.11 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 1 ++

Kia Sportage 98-03 3.55 2.76 4.58 1.82 0.51 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 +

Nissan X-Trail 01-07 3.08 2.66 3.56 0.89 0.29 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Suzuki Vitara / Escudo 88-98 5.84 5.26 6.49 1.23 0.21 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 o xx

Holden / Suzuki Drover / Sierra / Samurai /

SJ410 / SJ413

82-99 6.75 6.11 7.46 1.35 0.20 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + xx

Medium Sports Utility Vehicles

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 92-97 3.23 2.51 4.15 1.63 0.51 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 6

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 9

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

ctro

nic

Sta

bil

ity

Co

ntr

ol

Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Holden / Isuzu Jackaroo / Bighorn 98-02 3.48 2.74 4.43 1.69 0.48 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Holden Captiva CG 06-11 1.90 1.31 2.75 1.44 0.76 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Mitsubishi Pajero 92-99 3.43 3.02 3.90 0.89 0.26 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x

Mitsubishi Pajero NM / NP 00-06 2.51 2.02 3.13 1.11 0.44 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x +

Jeep Cherokee XJ 96-00 3.71 3.07 4.49 1.42 0.38 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x x

Jeep Cherokee KJ 01-07 2.20 1.44 3.35 1.91 0.87 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 2 ++

Ford / Mazda Escape / Tribute 01-06 3.30 2.76 3.95 1.19 0.36 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Nissan Pathfinder / Terrano / Regulus 95-05 2.26 1.77 2.89 1.12 0.49 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 xx +

Nissan Pathfinder 05-11 1.18 0.64 2.18 1.55 1.31 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 3 ++

Honda CR-V 97-01 3.04 2.60 3.57 0.97 0.32 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Honda CR-V 02-06 2.57 2.12 3.11 0.99 0.38 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++ ++

Honda CR-V 07-11 2.80 2.01 3.90 1.88 0.67 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Subaru Forester 97-02 2.98 2.51 3.52 1.01 0.34 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Subaru Forester 02-08 2.58 2.16 3.09 0.93 0.36 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 4 + ++

Suzuki Grand Vitara 99-05 3.32 2.63 4.19 1.56 0.47 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 +

Toyota RAV4 94-00 4.17 3.69 4.71 1.03 0.25 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 o x

Toyota RAV4 01-06 3.13 2.72 3.60 0.89 0.28 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 +

Toyota RAV4 06-11 2.76 2.23 3.40 1.17 0.43 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Large Sports Utility Vehicles

BMW X5 01-08 1.15 0.66 2.00 1.34 1.17 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 5 ++

Ford Territory SX/SY 04-11 1.89 1.49 2.39 0.89 0.47 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y o ++

Land Rover Discovery 91-02 2.90 2.31 3.63 1.32 0.46 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Mercedes Benz M-Class W163 98-05 2.11 1.35 3.31 1.97 0.93 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Nissan / Ford Patrol / Maverick / Safari 88-97 3.03 2.75 3.34 0.58 0.19 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx x

Nissan Patrol / Safari 98-11 2.38 2.11 2.68 0.57 0.24 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Toyota Landcruiser 90-97 3.39 3.16 3.64 0.49 0.14 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 xx xx

Toyota Landcruiser 98-07 2.77 2.53 3.03 0.50 0.18 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Toyota Kluger / Highlander 03-07 3.15 2.42 4.11 1.70 0.54 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 96-03 2.67 2.19 3.25 1.06 0.40 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 6

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 9

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

ctro

nic

Sta

bil

ity

Co

ntr

ol

Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Toyota Landcruiser Prado 03-09 2.01 1.69 2.39 0.70 0.35 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 xx +

Toyota Kluger / Highlander 07-11 1.57 0.98 2.51 1.54 0.98 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Commercial - Vans

Daihatsu Handivan / Cuore 99-03 8.04 5.67 11.41 5.74 0.71 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx

Ford Transit 95-00 3.53 2.69 4.61 1.92 0.54 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o

Ford Transit 01-07 1.47 1.03 2.09 1.06 0.72 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++

Mercedes Benz Sprinter 98-06 2.15 1.46 3.16 1.70 0.79 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Holden / Suzuki Scurry / Carry 82-00 11.13 8.93 13.87 4.94 0.44 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx

Toyota Hiace/Liteace 96-04 3.45 3.09 3.86 0.77 0.22 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 xx x

Volkswagen Caravelle / Transporter 95-04 2.23 1.51 3.29 1.78 0.80 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 xx +

Commercial - Utes

Ford Falcon Ute 96-99 3.73 3.19 4.36 1.17 0.31 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 xx x

Ford Falcon Ute AU 00-02 2.86 2.47 3.33 0.86 0.30 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Ford Falcon Ute BA/BF 03-08 2.48 2.13 2.88 0.75 0.30 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Holden Rodeo 96-98 3.69 3.21 4.24 1.03 0.28 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 xx o

Holden Rodeo 99-02 3.99 3.53 4.51 0.98 0.25 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 xx x

Holden Commodore Ute VR/VS 94-00 4.44 4.10 4.80 0.71 0.16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 xx xx

Holden Commodore VU Ute 00-02 3.38 2.91 3.93 1.03 0.30 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x o

Holden Commodore VY/VZ Ute 02-07 2.86 2.57 3.19 0.62 0.22 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Holden Rodeo 03-08 2.90 2.57 3.27 0.70 0.24 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Holden Commodore VE Ute 07-11 2.37 1.66 3.38 1.72 0.72 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Mitsubishi Triton MK 96-06 2.92 2.37 3.61 1.24 0.42 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Mitsubishi Triton ML / MN 06-11 2.36 1.85 3.01 1.16 0.49 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 6 ++

Kia Ceres 92-00 6.22 5.19 7.44 2.24 0.36 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Ford / Mazda Courier / B-Series / Bounty 98-02 3.24 2.76 3.80 1.04 0.32 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x o

Ford / Mazda Courier / Bravo / Bounty 03-06 3.24 2.72 3.87 1.16 0.36 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Ford / Mazda Ranger / BT-50 06-11 2.19 1.80 2.66 0.86 0.39 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x +

Nissan Navara 92-96 4.21 3.58 4.95 1.37 0.33 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 xx x

Nissan Navara 97-05 2.75 2.39 3.16 0.77 0.28 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 xx o

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

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rse

than

ben

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ark

At

lea

st 6

0%

wo

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than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 9

0%

wo

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than

ben

chm

ark

Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

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Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Nissan Navara 05-11 2.47 1.94 3.15 1.22 0.49 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 7 ++

Toyota 4Runner/Hilux 89-97 4.49 4.27 4.73 0.46 0.10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx xx

Toyota Hilux 98-02 3.20 2.91 3.51 0.60 0.19 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 xx o

Toyota Hilux 03-04 2.91 2.48 3.43 0.95 0.33 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x o

Toyota Hilux 05-11 2.31 2.05 2.60 0.55 0.24 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x +

Large Cars

BMW 5 Series E39 96-03 2.38 1.75 3.24 1.49 0.63 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++ ++

Ford Fairlane N & LTD D 95-98 3.68 3.10 4.37 1.28 0.35 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x o

Ford Fairlane & LTD AU 99-02 3.26 2.52 4.22 1.70 0.52 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Ford Falcon FG 08-11 1.63 1.20 2.20 1.00 0.61 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++ ++

Ford Falcon EF/EL 94-98 3.84 3.69 4.00 0.31 0.08 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 x x

Ford Falcon AU 98-02 3.50 3.32 3.69 0.37 0.11 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x o

Ford Falcon BA/BF 02-08 2.75 2.59 2.94 0.35 0.13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x +

Holden Stateman/Caprice VR/VS 94-98 3.93 3.50 4.42 0.92 0.23 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 o o

Holden / Toyota Commodore VR/VS / Lexcen 93-97 4.33 4.18 4.49 0.31 0.07 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 x x

Holden Commodore VT/VX 97-02 3.61 3.47 3.76 0.29 0.08 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 xx x

Holden Statesman/Caprice WH 99-03 3.17 2.54 3.97 1.43 0.45 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o

Holden Commodore VY/VZ 02-07 2.94 2.75 3.14 0.39 0.13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Holden Monaro 01-05 3.53 2.75 4.54 1.79 0.51 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o

Holden Statesman/Caprice WK/WL 03-06 2.82 2.00 3.98 1.98 0.70 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 8 ++

Holden Commodore VE 06-11 2.64 2.37 2.94 0.58 0.22 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Hyundai Sonata 89-97 4.35 3.83 4.95 1.12 0.26 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 o x



96-03 4.02 3.79 4.27 0.47 0.12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 x x

Mitsubishi Magna TR/TS / Verada KR/KS / V3000 / Diamante

91-96 4.28 4.06 4.50 0.44 0.10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 x x

Mitsubishi Magna TL/TW / Verada

KL/KW

03-05 2.92 2.40 3.55 1.15 0.39 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Mitsubishi 380 05-08 2.16 1.58 2.97 1.39 0.64 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

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At

lea

st 3

0%

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than

ben

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At

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than

ben

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ark

At

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0%

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Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

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Fit

men

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++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Mercedes Benz E-Class W210 96-02 2.36 1.64 3.41 1.77 0.75 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 9 ++

Nissan Maxima / Cefiro 95-99 4.19 3.53 4.98 1.45 0.35 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 + o

Nissan Maxima 06-09 2.82 1.99 3.98 1.98 0.70 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Toyota Avalon 00-05 3.14 2.72 3.63 0.91 0.29 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x o

Toyota Aurion 06-11 2.24 1.72 2.91 1.19 0.53 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++ ++

Volvo 850/S70/V70/C70 92-99 3.45 2.81 4.24 1.43 0.41 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x o

Medium Cars

Audi A4 95-01 3.56 2.71 4.67 1.96 0.55 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Audi A4 01-08 1.73 1.07 2.81 1.75 1.01 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

BMW 3 Series E90 /E91 /E92 /E93 05-11 1.80 1.19 2.74 1.55 0.86 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

BMW 3 Series E36 92-98 3.66 3.27 4.09 0.82 0.22 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + o

BMW 3 Series E46 99-06 3.26 2.79 3.81 1.02 0.31 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Daewoo Espero 95-97 6.65 5.39 8.21 2.82 0.42 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx

Daewoo Tacuma 00-04 8.35 5.37 12.97 7.60 0.91 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx

Ford Mondeo 95-01 3.21 2.76 3.74 0.99 0.31 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Ford Cougar 99-03 3.18 2.44 4.14 1.70 0.54 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Holden Vectra 97-03 3.30 2.90 3.77 0.87 0.26 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 o o

Holden Vectra ZC 03-05 2.50 1.73 3.63 1.90 0.76 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++

Mitsubishi Galant 95-96 4.83 4.13 5.64 1.50 0.31 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ o


Cronos

92-97 4.28 3.93 4.66 0.73 0.17 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 + o

Mazda 626 98-02 3.54 3.02 4.15 1.14 0.32 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + +

Mazda 6 / Atenza 02-07 2.63 2.23 3.10 0.87 0.33 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Mercedes Benz C-Class W202 95-00 3.00 2.36 3.81 1.45 0.48 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Mercedes Benz C-Class W203 00-07 2.74 2.04 3.67 1.63 0.60 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++ ++

Nissan Bluebird 93-97 3.90 3.40 4.47 1.07 0.27 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + o

Nissan 200SX / Silvia 94-02 3.80 3.08 4.69 1.61 0.42 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 o

Honda Accord Euro 03-08 2.67 2.14 3.33 1.19 0.44 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Honda Accord 03-07 2.11 1.56 2.85 1.29 0.61 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N + ++

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

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than

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At

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0%

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Old0 NewNeD0

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++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Honda Accord 94-98 3.85 3.41 4.35 0.94 0.24 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + o

Honda Accord 99-02 2.82 2.14 3.72 1.59 0.56 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Honda Prelude 92-96 4.58 3.88 5.42 1.54 0.34 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ o

Honda Prelude 97-02 2.77 2.00 3.85 1.85 0.67 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Saab 900/9-3 94-02 2.66 2.02 3.49 1.47 0.55 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++ ++

Saab 9000 86-97 2.54 1.84 3.51 1.67 0.66 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++ ++

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 94-98 3.65 3.24 4.11 0.87 0.24 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x o

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 99-03 2.81 2.43 3.25 0.83 0.29 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Subaru Liberty / Legacy / Outback 03-09 2.72 2.24 3.29 1.05 0.39 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Holden / Toyota Apollo JM/JP / Camry / Sceptor 93-97 4.91 4.67 5.16 0.49 0.10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 o xx

Toyota Camry 98-02 3.60 3.38 3.85 0.47 0.13 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 x o

Toyota Celica 94-99 4.23 3.49 5.12 1.63 0.39 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + o

Lexus IS200 / IS300 99-04 1.57 0.91 2.72 1.80 1.15 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 10 ++

Toyota Camry 02-06 2.96 2.69 3.26 0.57 0.19 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o +

Toyota Camry 06-11 2.55 2.14 3.05 0.91 0.36 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 11 + ++

Volkswagen Passat 98-06 2.27 1.49 3.45 1.96 0.87 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 12 ++

People Movers

Mitsubishi Starwagon / Delica Spacegear 95-03 4.80 4.06 5.68 1.62 0.34 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 xx x

Kia Carnival 99-06 2.79 2.17 3.58 1.41 0.51 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 xx +

Kia Carnival 06-11 1.56 0.89 2.75 1.86 1.19 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Honda Odyssey 95-00 2.78 2.12 3.64 1.52 0.55 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Honda Odyssey 04-09 1.83 1.09 3.08 1.99 1.09 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 13 ++

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 91-99 3.54 3.04 4.13 1.10 0.31 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 o

Toyota Tarago / Previa / Estima 00-06 2.71 2.06 3.57 1.51 0.56 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Small Cars

Daihatsu Applause 89-99 5.62 4.94 6.41 1.47 0.26 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ x

Daewoo Cielo 95-97 5.46 4.90 6.08 1.18 0.22 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ x

Daewoo Nubira 97-03 4.23 3.72 4.82 1.10 0.26 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 + o

Daewoo Lanos 97-03 5.66 5.17 6.19 1.02 0.18 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + xx

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

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At

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st 6

0%

wo

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than

ben

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ark

At

lea

st 9

0%

wo

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than

ben

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Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

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Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Ford Laser 95-97 5.15 4.67 5.67 1.00 0.19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Ford Focus LR 02-05 3.34 2.79 3.99 1.20 0.36 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Ford Focus LS / LT 05-09 2.96 2.48 3.54 1.06 0.36 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Holden Astra TR 96-98 4.05 3.30 4.96 1.65 0.41 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + o

Holden Astra TS 98-06 3.35 3.09 3.62 0.53 0.16 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + +

Holden Astra AH 04-09 3.01 2.54 3.56 1.01 0.34 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Holden Viva JF 05-09 3.69 2.97 4.58 1.61 0.44 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 +

Holden Cruze JG / JH 09-11 2.23 1.47 3.39 1.92 0.86 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Hyundai Excel / Accent 95-00 6.03 5.77 6.30 0.53 0.09 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + xx

Hyundai Elantra 00-06 4.28 3.73 4.89 1.16 0.27 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 + o

Hyundai i30 07-11 3.61 2.81 4.65 1.85 0.51 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 +

Hyundai S Coupe 90-96 6.69 5.58 8.03 2.45 0.37 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Hyundai Lantra 96-00 5.08 4.59 5.63 1.04 0.20 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Hyundai Accent 00-06 5.12 4.66 5.63 0.97 0.19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Mitsubishi Lancer / Mirage CE 96-03 5.02 4.75 5.30 0.54 0.11 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Mitsubishi Lancer CE / CG / Cedia 02-03 9.95 6.08 16.29 10.22 1.03 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 #N/A xx

Mitsubishi Lancer CH 03-07 3.99 3.50 4.55 1.04 0.26 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ++ o

Kia Rio 00-05 4.87 4.30 5.52 1.22 0.25 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Kia Rio JB 05-11 4.61 3.82 5.55 1.73 0.38 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ +

Mazda 323 / Familia / Lantis 95-98 4.98 4.53 5.49 0.96 0.19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ o

Ford / Mazda Laser / 323 99-03 3.68 3.36 4.04 0.68 0.18 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Mazda 3 / Axela 03-09 3.02 2.73 3.35 0.63 0.21 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Mazda 3 / Axela 09-11 2.72 1.92 3.85 1.93 0.71 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y ++

Nissan Pulsar / Vector / Sentra 96-99 4.77 4.47 5.09 0.63 0.13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Nissan NX/NX-R 91-96 7.42 6.10 9.03 2.93 0.40 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx xx

Nissan Pulsar / Bluebird Sylphy 00-05 4.31 3.98 4.68 0.70 0.16 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ o

Honda Civic 96-00 4.47 4.04 4.95 0.91 0.20 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ o

Honda Civic 01-05 3.43 2.86 4.12 1.26 0.37 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Honda Civic 06-11 2.96 2.39 3.65 1.26 0.43 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

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than

ben

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At

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0%

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than

ben

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At

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st 9

0%

wo

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than

ben

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Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

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ity

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Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Honda Integra 93-01 4.45 3.70 5.36 1.66 0.37 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ o

Peugeot 306 94-01 3.15 2.51 3.95 1.44 0.46 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ ++

Peugeot 307 01-09 1.42 0.95 2.14 1.20 0.84 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 14 ++ ++

Proton Wira 95-96 5.41 4.54 6.45 1.91 0.35 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 x

Proton Gen 2 04-11 6.79 4.40 10.47 6.07 0.89 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Subaru Impreza 93-00 5.25 4.80 5.74 0.94 0.18 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 o xx

Subaru Impreza 01-07 3.08 2.65 3.57 0.92 0.30 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Suzuki Baleno / Cultus Crescent 95-02 4.93 4.16 5.84 1.69 0.34 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ +

Toyota / Holden Corolla / Nova 94-97 4.84 4.59 5.11 0.52 0.11 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Toyota Corolla / Allex 98-01 3.41 3.10 3.75 0.65 0.19 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + +

Toyota Corolla 02-07 3.66 3.42 3.92 0.50 0.14 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + o

Toyota Corolla 07-11 3.26 2.83 3.75 0.92 0.28 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + +

Toyota Paseo / Cynos 91-99 5.17 4.34 6.16 1.83 0.35 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + x

Toyota Prius II 03-09 2.04 1.29 3.21 1.92 0.94 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 15 ++

Volvo S40/V40 97-04 2.39 1.68 3.38 1.70 0.71 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 N ++

Volkswagen Golf 95-98 3.64 2.78 4.76 1.98 0.55 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Volkswagen Golf / Bora 99-04 2.46 2.00 3.04 1.04 0.42 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 16 ++ ++

Volkswagen Golf / Jetta 04-11 2.28 1.81 2.87 1.06 0.47 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Y 17 ++ ++

Light Cars

Daihatsu Charade 93-00 7.27 6.67 7.91 1.24 0.17 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 98-04 5.55 4.74 6.50 1.76 0.32 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ o

Daihatsu Charade 03-05 7.14 4.22 12.08 7.86 1.10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Daihatsu Mira 90-96 10.91 9.28 12.82 3.54 0.32 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Daewoo Matiz 99-04 6.09 5.05 7.35 2.31 0.38 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ x

Daewoo Kalos 03-04 5.96 4.54 7.83 3.30 0.55 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Ford Festiva WD/WH/WF 94-01 6.82 6.47 7.19 0.72 0.11 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + xx

Ford Ka 99-02 5.71 4.41 7.38 2.97 0.52 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ o

Holden Barina XC / Combo 01-11 3.74 3.26 4.28 1.02 0.27 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 + +

Holden Barina SB 95-00 5.13 4.70 5.60 0.89 0.17 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 x

Make Model Years

of

Manufacture


Best

pick

Aggressivity

Rating

Total Secondary

Safety Rating

CWR Lower

90%

CL

Upper

90%

CL

90%

CL

Width

CoV

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

to

ben

chm

ark

W

ors

e th

an

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 3

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

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At

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st 6

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

At

lea

st 9

0%

wo

rse

than

ben

chm

ark

Old0 NewNeD0

Ele

ctro

nic

Sta

bil

ity

Co

ntr

ol

Fit

men

t

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

++ =

+ =

o =

x =

xx =

Equivalent to

benchmark

Worse than

benchmark

At least 20%

worse than

benchmark

At least 40%

worse than

benchmark

At least 60%

worse than

benchmark

Holden Barina TK 05-11 4.38 3.78 5.08 1.29 0.30 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ +

Hyundai Getz / TB 02-11 4.71 4.29 5.17 0.88 0.19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 o x

Mazda 121 / Autozam Review 94-96 6.29 5.66 6.99 1.33 0.21 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ x

Mazda 121 Metro / Demio 97-02 5.14 4.54 5.80 1.26 0.25 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ o

Mazda 2 / Demio 02-07 4.74 3.95 5.69 1.74 0.37 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ++ o

Mazda 2 / Demio 07-11 3.26 2.54 4.19 1.65 0.50 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 +

Nissan Micra 95-97 6.84 5.61 8.34 2.73 0.40 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ x

Honda Jazz / Fit 02-08 3.54 3.00 4.17 1.17 0.33 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Holden / Suzuki Barina / Swift / Cultus 89-99 6.70 6.36 7.05 0.69 0.10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Suzuki Alto 85-00 10.78 8.63 13.47 4.84 0.45 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 xx

Suzuki Ignis 00-02 6.65 5.30 8.35 3.05 0.46 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ o

Suzuki Swift 05-10 4.14 3.63 4.73 1.10 0.27 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 o

Toyota Starlet 96-99 6.00 5.46 6.59 1.12 0.19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Toyota Echo 99-05 4.86 4.48 5.26 0.78 0.16 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ x

Toyota Yaris / Vitz 05-11 3.43 3.03 3.89 0.86 0.25 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ++ +

Daihatsu Charade 93-00 7.27 6.67 7.91 1.24 0.17 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ xx

Daihatsu Sirion / Storia 98-04 5.55 4.74 6.50 1.76 0.32 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ++ o

Number of vehicles rated 57 52 33 23 51 40 32

Electronic Stability Control Fitment qualifier

1 Outlander 2007=>, Peugot - Only 2009 model available

2 2006 =>

3 2007 = >

4 2008 =>

5 2001 =>

6 As option/standard on 2011 variants, option/standard on 2010 variants. Not available prior to 2010.

7 Standard on some variants 2010 =>

8 2005 =>

9 2000 = >

10 IS300- Yes from 2001, IS200 - No

11 Standard on some 2006, Standard 2007 =>

12 2003 >=

13 2009

14 2006 =>

15 2008 =>

16 Golf 2009. Jetta 2006 =>

17 Standard/optional from 2005.

APPENDIX 8

CRASHWORTHINESS, INJURY RISK AND INJURY SEVERITY ESTIMATES BY YEAR OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURE FOR THE AUSTRALIAN VEHICLE

FLEET

INJURY RISK BY YEAR OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURE

Year of

Manufacture

Coefficient of

Car Year

Standard

Error of

Coefficient

Pr(Risk)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

AVERAGE -1.5274 17.84

1964 0.4264 0.0506 24.95 23.14 26.86 3.71

1965 0.4887 0.0538 26.14 24.16 28.23 4.07

1966 0.3489 0.0479 23.53 21.88 25.26 3.38

1967 0.4214 0.0382 24.86 23.49 26.29 2.80

1968 0.3769 0.0343 24.04 22.83 25.29 2.46

1969 0.3778 0.0306 24.06 22.98 25.17 2.19

1970 0.3709 0.0232 23.93 23.11 24.77 1.66

1971 0.3212 0.0209 23.04 22.32 23.77 1.45

1972 0.3438 0.02 23.44 22.74 24.15 1.41

1973 0.369 0.0182 23.90 23.25 24.55 1.30

1974 0.3223 0.0147 23.06 22.55 23.57 1.02

1975 0.2312 0.0146 21.48 21.00 21.97 0.97

1976 0.2223 0.0131 21.33 20.90 21.76 0.86

1977 0.1781 0.0134 20.60 20.17 21.03 0.86

1978 0.1579 0.0118 20.27 19.90 20.65 0.75

1979 0.0916 0.0109 19.22 18.89 19.55 0.66

1980 0.1336 0.0105 19.88 19.55 20.21 0.66

1981 0.1179 0.00985 19.63 19.33 19.94 0.61

1982 0.1113 0.00923 19.53 19.24 19.81 0.57

1983 0.1179 0.00942 19.63 19.34 19.92 0.58

1984 0.0605 0.00847 18.74 18.49 19.00 0.51

1985 0.0713 0.00789 18.91 18.67 19.14 0.47

1986 0.0106 0.00875 17.99 17.74 18.25 0.51

1987 -0.0105 0.00912 17.68 17.43 17.95 0.52

1988 -0.0299 0.00827 17.40 17.17 17.64 0.47

1989 -0.0662 0.00777 16.89 16.67 17.10 0.43

1990 -0.0509 0.00767 17.10 16.89 17.32 0.43

1991 -0.0712 0.00822 16.82 16.59 17.04 0.45

1992 -0.0929 0.00808 16.52 16.30 16.74 0.44

1993 -0.1397 0.00806 15.88 15.67 16.09 0.42

1994 -0.1327 0.00774 15.97 15.77 16.18 0.41

1995 -0.1525 0.00776 15.71 15.51 15.91 0.40

1996 -0.1313 0.00804 15.99 15.78 16.21 0.42

1997 -0.1474 0.00785 15.78 15.57 15.98 0.41

1998 -0.1644 0.0077 15.55 15.36 15.75 0.40

1999 -0.1946 0.00827 15.16 14.95 15.37 0.42

2000 -0.2355 0.00863 14.64 14.43 14.86 0.42

2001 -0.2908 0.00935 13.96 13.75 14.19 0.44

2002 -0.2925 0.0096 13.94 13.72 14.17 0.45

2003 -0.3171 0.00976 13.65 13.43 13.88 0.45

2004 -0.3555 0.0104 13.21 12.97 13.44 0.47

2005 -0.3548 0.0109 13.21 12.97 13.46 0.49

2006 -0.4017 0.0121 12.68 12.42 12.95 0.53

2007 -0.4198 0.0132 12.49 12.21 12.77 0.57

2008 -0.4473 0.0156 12.19 11.86 12.52 0.65

2009 -0.4374 0.0199 12.29 11.88 12.72 0.84

2010 -0.4306 0.0251 12.37 11.84 12.91 1.07

2011 -0.3042 0.0469 13.80 12.75 14.94 2.19

INJURY SEVERITY BY YEAR OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURE

Year of

Manufacture

Coefficient of

Car Year

Standard

Error of

Coefficient

Pr(Severity)

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

AVERAGE -1.1570 23.92

1964 0.3103 0.0852 30.01 26.63 33.63 7.01

1965 0.0723 0.0977 25.26 21.82 29.04 7.22

1966 0.1842 0.0812 27.43 24.38 30.71 6.33

1967 0.1976 0.0655 27.70 25.20 30.34 5.14

1968 0.1632 0.0595 27.02 24.78 29.38 4.60

1969 0.3851 0.0505 31.61 29.51 33.78 4.28

1970 0.2747 0.0393 29.27 27.70 30.89 3.19

1971 0.2404 0.0363 28.56 27.14 30.04 2.90

1972 0.2541 0.0344 28.85 27.48 30.25 2.77

1973 0.2735 0.0311 29.25 28.00 30.52 2.52

1974 0.1626 0.0265 27.00 25.99 28.04 2.05

1975 0.2187 0.0258 28.12 27.11 29.16 2.04

1976 0.1316 0.0241 26.40 25.49 27.33 1.84

1977 0.1509 0.0247 26.77 25.84 27.73 1.90

1978 0.1093 0.022 25.97 25.15 26.80 1.66

1979 0.1304 0.0204 26.37 25.61 27.16 1.55

1980 0.0879 0.0202 25.56 24.81 26.32 1.51

1981 0.0994 0.0191 25.78 25.07 26.50 1.43

1982 0.1188 0.0179 26.15 25.48 26.83 1.36

1983 0.0665 0.0185 25.15 24.48 25.84 1.37

1984 0.0723 0.0168 25.26 24.64 25.89 1.24

1985 0.0736 0.0159 25.29 24.70 25.88 1.18

1986 0.066 0.0174 25.14 24.51 25.79 1.28

1987 0.0725 0.0183 25.27 24.59 25.95 1.35

1988 0.0674 0.0169 25.17 24.55 25.80 1.25

1989 0.0415 0.0162 24.68 24.10 25.28 1.18

1990 0.0184 0.0162 24.26 23.68 24.85 1.17

1991 0.0246 0.0176 24.37 23.74 25.01 1.27

1992 -0.0159 0.0177 23.63 23.01 24.26 1.25

1993 0.00388 0.0177 23.99 23.36 24.63 1.27

1994 -0.0225 0.0171 23.51 22.92 24.12 1.21

1995 -0.0775 0.0174 22.54 21.95 23.14 1.19

1996 -0.0911 0.0181 22.30 21.69 22.92 1.23

1997 -0.086 0.0178 22.39 21.79 23.00 1.21

1998 -0.1577 0.0181 21.17 20.58 21.77 1.18

1999 -0.1447 0.0193 21.39 20.76 22.03 1.27

2000 -0.1603 0.0202 21.13 20.47 21.79 1.32

2001 -0.1657 0.0211 21.04 20.36 21.73 1.37

2002 -0.1973 0.0223 20.52 19.81 21.24 1.43

2003 -0.2892 0.0231 19.06 18.37 19.77 1.40

2004 -0.2878 0.0246 19.08 18.35 19.84 1.49

2005 -0.2574 0.0254 19.55 18.78 20.35 1.57

2006 -0.3464 0.0293 18.19 17.35 19.06 1.71

2007 -0.3027 0.0321 18.85 17.91 19.83 1.93

2008 -0.3773 0.039 17.74 16.65 18.88 2.23

2009 -0.382 0.0538 17.67 16.19 19.25 3.07

2010 -0.3009 0.0698 18.88 16.87 21.06 4.19

2011 -0.4092 0.1514 17.28 13.44 21.93 8.50

CRASHWORTHINESS BY YEAR OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURE

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious injury

rate per 100

drivers

involved

Overall

rank

order

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

AVERAGE 17.84 23.92 4.27

1964 24.95 30.01 7.49 47 6.52 8.60 2.08

1965 26.14 25.26 6.60 42 5.61 7.77 2.16

1966 23.53 27.43 6.46 39 5.63 7.40 1.76

1967 24.86 27.70 6.89 44 6.18 7.68 1.50

1968 24.04 27.02 6.49 40 5.88 7.17 1.29

1969 24.06 31.61 7.60 48 7.01 8.25 1.24

1970 23.93 29.27 7.00 46 6.57 7.47 0.90

1971 23.04 28.56 6.58 41 6.20 6.99 0.79

1972 23.44 28.85 6.76 43 6.39 7.16 0.77

1973 23.90 29.25 6.99 45 6.64 7.35 0.71

1974 23.06 27.00 6.23 38 5.96 6.51 0.55

1975 21.48 28.12 6.04 37 5.79 6.30 0.52

1976 21.33 26.40 5.63 36 5.41 5.86 0.45

1977 20.60 26.77 5.51 35 5.29 5.75 0.45

1978 20.27 25.97 5.26 34 5.07 5.46 0.39

1979 19.22 26.37 5.07 31 4.90 5.24 0.35

1980 19.88 25.56 5.08 32 4.91 5.26 0.34

1981 19.63 25.78 5.06 30 4.90 5.22 0.32

1982 19.53 26.15 5.11 33 4.96 5.26 0.30

1983 19.63 25.15 4.94 29 4.79 5.09 0.31

1984 18.74 25.26 4.73 27 4.60 4.87 0.27

1985 18.91 25.29 4.78 28 4.66 4.91 0.25

1986 17.99 25.14 4.52 26 4.39 4.66 0.26

1987 17.68 25.27 4.47 25 4.33 4.61 0.27

1988 17.40 25.17 4.38 24 4.26 4.51 0.25

1989 16.89 24.68 4.17 23 4.06 4.28 0.23

1990 17.10 24.26 4.15 22 4.04 4.26 0.22

1991 16.82 24.37 4.10 21 3.98 4.22 0.24

1992 16.52 23.63 3.90 20 3.79 4.02 0.23

1993 15.88 23.99 3.81 19 3.70 3.92 0.23

1994 15.97 23.51 3.76 18 3.65 3.87 0.22

1995 15.71 22.54 3.54 16 3.44 3.65 0.21

1996 15.99 22.30 3.57 17 3.46 3.68 0.22

1997 15.78 22.39 3.53 15 3.43 3.64 0.21

1998 15.55 21.17 3.29 14 3.19 3.40 0.20

1999 15.16 21.39 3.24 13 3.14 3.35 0.21

2000 14.64 21.13 3.09 12 2.99 3.20 0.21

2001 13.96 21.04 2.94 11 2.83 3.05 0.21

2002 13.94 20.52 2.86 10 2.75 2.97 0.22

2003 13.65 19.06 2.60 9 2.50 2.71 0.21

2004 13.21 19.08 2.52 7 2.41 2.63 0.22

2005 13.21 19.55 2.58 8 2.47 2.70 0.23

2006 12.68 18.19 2.31 3 2.19 2.43 0.24

2007 12.49 18.85 2.35 5 2.23 2.49 0.26

2008 12.19 17.74 2.16 1 2.02 2.31 0.30

2009 12.29 17.67 2.17 2 1.98 2.38 0.41

2010 12.37 18.88 2.33 4 2.07 2.63 0.56

2011 13.80 17.28 2.38 6 1.84 3.09 1.24

APPENDIX 9

CRASHWORTHINESS, INJURY RISK AND INJURY SEVERITY ESTIMATES BY YEAR OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURE AND MARKET GROUP FOR THE

AUSTRALIAN VEHICLE FLEET

CRASHWORTHINESS BY YEAR OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURE AND MARKET

GROUP

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Small Sports Utility Vehicles

1982 32.85 15.33 5.04 4.15 6.11 1.95

1983 30.09 30.79 9.26 8.33 10.30 1.96

1984 29.44 27.38 8.06 7.51 8.64 1.13

1985 32.48 22.84 7.42 7.10 7.75 0.65

1986 30.10 19.69 5.93 5.16 6.80 1.64

1987 29.09 29.64 8.62 7.83 9.49 1.67

1988 26.53 19.96 5.29 4.86 5.77 0.91

1989 25.89 25.60 6.63 6.42 6.85 0.44

1990 23.59 24.30 5.73 5.56 5.91 0.34

1991 24.92 24.33 6.06 5.85 6.28 0.43

1992 24.40 24.46 5.97 5.75 6.20 0.45

1993 22.12 24.41 5.40 5.17 5.63 0.46

1994 20.67 22.76 4.70 4.48 4.94 0.47

1995 21.10 20.74 4.38 4.06 4.72 0.66

1996 21.49 23.25 5.00 4.69 5.32 0.64

1997 20.41 22.96 4.69 4.49 4.88 0.39

1998 18.54 24.61 4.56 4.33 4.81 0.48

1999 19.88 23.17 4.61 4.41 4.81 0.41

2000 19.55 23.45 4.58 4.31 4.88 0.57

2001 16.93 22.38 3.79 3.48 4.13 0.65

2002 18.50 21.93 4.06 3.93 4.19 0.26

2003 18.51 20.85 3.86 3.73 3.99 0.26

2004 17.73 23.85 4.23 4.11 4.35 0.25

2005 17.32 16.52 2.86 2.73 3.00 0.27

2006 16.04 20.48 3.29 3.09 3.50 0.41

2007 12.93 15.89 2.05 1.89 2.24 0.35

2008 11.13 20.07 2.23 1.95 2.55 0.60

2009 14.47 11.84 1.71 1.14 2.58 1.44

2010 14.47 15.15 2.19 1.47 3.27 1.81

Medium Sports Utility Vehicles

1982 33.56 30.67 10.29 7.83 13.53 5.70

1983 21.50 33.29 7.16 5.86 8.75 2.89

1984 21.73 16.48 3.58 2.94 4.37 1.43

1985 22.44 30.75 6.90 6.49 7.34 0.85

1986 17.97 11.70 2.10 1.50 2.96 1.46

1987 19.92 33.79 6.73 5.83 7.78 1.95

1988 17.39 38.38 6.67 6.16 7.24 1.08

1989 18.67 18.01 3.36 3.13 3.62 0.49

1990 18.49 22.25 4.11 3.84 4.41 0.57

1991 18.94 21.54 4.08 3.37 4.94 1.57

1992 14.89 22.12 3.29 3.14 3.46 0.32

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

1993 14.40 22.97 3.31 3.15 3.47 0.32

1994 14.38 24.32 3.50 3.36 3.64 0.29

1995 15.29 21.67 3.31 3.19 3.44 0.24

1996 15.48 21.06 3.26 3.16 3.36 0.20

1997 15.67 23.23 3.64 3.57 3.71 0.14

1998 16.20 21.09 3.42 3.36 3.47 0.11

1999 13.99 21.47 3.00 2.96 3.05 0.10

2000 14.66 19.38 2.84 2.79 2.89 0.10

2001 13.88 22.44 3.12 3.07 3.16 0.09

2002 14.63 17.79 2.60 2.56 2.65 0.09

2003 14.14 19.20 2.71 2.67 2.76 0.10

2004 14.12 19.82 2.80 2.75 2.85 0.10

2005 13.62 19.53 2.66 2.60 2.72 0.11

2006 12.89 19.13 2.47 2.41 2.52 0.11

2007 12.71 15.78 2.01 1.94 2.07 0.13

2008 12.72 14.82 1.88 1.79 1.99 0.20

2009 11.31 12.29 1.39 1.21 1.60 0.39

2010 11.79 21.16 2.49 2.22 2.80 0.58

Large Sports Utility Vehicles

1982 18.26 25.29 4.62 4.45 4.79 0.34

1983 16.93 27.72 4.69 4.52 4.88 0.36

1984 15.45 26.27 4.06 3.94 4.17 0.23

1985 17.76 30.23 5.37 5.28 5.46 0.18

1986 14.15 25.73 3.64 3.49 3.80 0.31

1987 16.52 25.96 4.29 4.09 4.49 0.40

1988 14.97 29.94 4.48 4.39 4.58 0.19

1989 13.92 25.53 3.55 3.50 3.61 0.12

1990 13.52 21.52 2.91 2.85 2.97 0.12

1991 12.85 23.55 3.03 2.96 3.10 0.14

1992 13.34 24.39 3.25 3.20 3.31 0.12

1993 12.71 24.25 3.08 3.02 3.14 0.12

1994 12.91 24.97 3.22 3.16 3.28 0.12

1995 12.72 25.62 3.26 3.19 3.33 0.14

1996 13.54 25.09 3.40 3.34 3.46 0.13

1997 12.50 21.21 2.65 2.60 2.70 0.10

1998 12.79 21.30 2.72 2.68 2.77 0.09

1999 12.39 22.35 2.77 2.72 2.82 0.09

2000 11.74 23.52 2.76 2.71 2.82 0.11

2001 11.18 22.23 2.49 2.42 2.56 0.14

2002 11.21 18.80 2.11 2.05 2.17 0.12

2003 11.07 15.98 1.77 1.72 1.82 0.10

2004 10.54 18.74 1.98 1.94 2.02 0.08

2005 10.57 23.52 2.49 2.43 2.55 0.12

2006 11.22 17.51 1.96 1.91 2.02 0.11

2007 11.12 15.57 1.73 1.66 1.80 0.14

2008 9.53 15.57 1.48 1.41 1.56 0.15

2009 11.25 23.74 2.67 2.40 2.98 0.58

2010 11.01 11.28 1.24 0.94 1.64 0.69

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Commercial - Utes

1982 20.30 27.38 5.56 5.47 5.65 0.17

1983 18.32 27.93 5.12 5.02 5.22 0.20

1984 19.59 26.57 5.20 5.15 5.26 0.11

1985 21.98 27.38 6.02 5.97 6.07 0.10

1986 19.68 25.18 4.96 4.90 5.01 0.11

1987 19.78 22.63 4.48 4.40 4.55 0.16

1988 19.03 26.97 5.13 5.08 5.18 0.10

1989 18.57 23.70 4.40 4.37 4.43 0.06

1990 18.61 24.20 4.50 4.47 4.54 0.07

1991 17.18 25.77 4.43 4.39 4.47 0.08

1992 18.19 24.73 4.50 4.46 4.53 0.07

1993 17.08 26.96 4.60 4.57 4.64 0.07

1994 17.02 25.99 4.42 4.39 4.45 0.06

1995 16.32 23.30 3.80 3.77 3.83 0.06

1996 16.98 23.34 3.96 3.93 3.99 0.06

1997 17.04 23.80 4.06 4.03 4.09 0.06

1998 15.47 20.95 3.24 3.21 3.27 0.05

1999 15.60 22.88 3.57 3.54 3.60 0.06

2000 15.36 21.48 3.30 3.27 3.33 0.06

2001 14.26 22.11 3.15 3.13 3.18 0.06

2002 13.16 21.29 2.80 2.78 2.83 0.05

2003 13.27 19.60 2.60 2.58 2.62 0.04

2004 13.79 20.90 2.88 2.86 2.90 0.04

2005 13.38 21.11 2.82 2.80 2.85 0.06

2006 11.94 18.30 2.19 2.16 2.21 0.06

2007 12.26 18.75 2.30 2.27 2.33 0.06

2008 12.34 13.78 1.70 1.66 1.74 0.08

2009 12.21 20.94 2.56 2.46 2.66 0.19

2010 13.66 20.00 2.73 2.53 2.95 0.42

2011 12.34 21.87 2.70 1.89 3.86 1.97

Commercial - Vans

1982 26.65 27.81 7.41 7.18 7.65 0.47

1983 27.51 30.38 8.36 8.13 8.59 0.46

1984 25.47 26.82 6.83 6.67 7.00 0.33

1985 23.53 25.62 6.03 5.87 6.19 0.32

1986 23.50 23.23 5.46 5.30 5.62 0.32

1987 23.31 20.52 4.78 4.57 5.00 0.43

1988 23.08 31.87 7.36 7.18 7.53 0.35

1989 22.16 26.54 5.88 5.66 6.11 0.45

1990 20.96 23.18 4.86 4.65 5.07 0.42

1991 18.04 30.18 5.44 5.18 5.72 0.53

1992 19.18 21.94 4.21 3.98 4.45 0.47

1993 17.84 26.85 4.79 4.54 5.05 0.52

1994 18.46 26.16 4.83 4.62 5.05 0.43

1995 18.72 25.48 4.77 4.60 4.94 0.34

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

1996 16.35 20.98 3.43 3.25 3.62 0.38

1997 17.23 28.18 4.86 4.65 5.07 0.42

1998 17.54 17.68 3.10 2.94 3.27 0.33

1999 16.03 20.91 3.35 3.20 3.51 0.31

2000 16.16 22.80 3.68 3.53 3.85 0.32

2001 14.78 20.47 3.03 2.85 3.21 0.36

2002 14.46 17.91 2.59 2.44 2.75 0.31

2003 12.08 18.17 2.19 2.07 2.33 0.27

2004 16.88 15.21 2.57 2.40 2.75 0.36

2005 13.46 22.30 3.00 2.79 3.23 0.44

2006 15.59 18.67 2.91 2.63 3.22 0.59

2007 15.14 24.87 3.76 3.44 4.12 0.68

2008 15.96 18.92 3.02 2.68 3.40 0.71

2009 8.86 29.81 2.64 2.00 3.48 1.48

Large Cars

1982 20.06 27.40 5.50 5.48 5.51 0.03

1983 20.64 26.75 5.52 5.50 5.54 0.04

1984 20.20 25.67 5.19 5.17 5.20 0.02

1985 19.86 25.18 5.00 4.99 5.01 0.02

1986 19.61 25.26 4.95 4.94 4.96 0.02

1987 19.34 25.76 4.98 4.97 4.99 0.02

1988 18.64 25.89 4.83 4.82 4.83 0.02

1989 18.26 25.63 4.68 4.67 4.69 0.01

1990 18.94 25.13 4.76 4.75 4.77 0.01

1991 18.48 24.54 4.54 4.53 4.54 0.02

1992 18.03 23.17 4.18 4.17 4.19 0.01

1993 17.04 24.07 4.10 4.09 4.11 0.01

1994 17.28 23.69 4.09 4.09 4.10 0.01

1995 17.01 22.36 3.80 3.80 3.81 0.01

1996 17.32 22.10 3.83 3.82 3.83 0.01

1997 16.78 21.53 3.61 3.60 3.62 0.01

1998 16.51 20.44 3.37 3.37 3.38 0.01

1999 16.74 20.66 3.46 3.45 3.47 0.02

2000 16.25 20.42 3.32 3.31 3.33 0.02

2001 16.18 21.97 3.55 3.54 3.56 0.02

2002 15.84 21.33 3.38 3.37 3.39 0.02

2003 14.93 18.47 2.76 2.75 2.77 0.02

2004 14.54 17.35 2.52 2.51 2.54 0.03

2005 13.67 18.42 2.52 2.50 2.53 0.03

2006 13.97 18.05 2.52 2.49 2.55 0.05

2007 13.14 17.38 2.28 2.25 2.32 0.07

2008 12.17 17.80 2.17 2.11 2.22 0.11

2009 11.85 15.01 1.78 1.69 1.88 0.19

2010 14.90 13.25 1.97 1.66 2.35 0.68

2011 15.86 16.80 2.66 1.46 4.88 3.42

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

Medium Cars

1982 22.94 25.62 5.88 5.86 5.89 0.03

1983 22.24 23.92 5.32 5.31 5.34 0.03

1984 22.11 25.08 5.54 5.53 5.56 0.03

1985 22.29 24.36 5.43 5.41 5.45 0.03

1986 21.20 25.96 5.50 5.48 5.53 0.05

1987 21.05 24.06 5.07 5.04 5.09 0.05

1988 20.45 25.19 5.15 5.14 5.17 0.03

1989 20.36 25.37 5.16 5.15 5.18 0.02

1990 19.44 24.04 4.67 4.66 4.69 0.02

1991 20.04 24.35 4.88 4.87 4.90 0.03

1992 18.37 23.50 4.32 4.30 4.33 0.03

1993 17.51 23.59 4.13 4.11 4.15 0.03

1994 17.50 22.56 3.95 3.93 3.96 0.03

1995 16.99 21.53 3.66 3.64 3.68 0.04

1996 17.44 21.88 3.81 3.79 3.84 0.04

1997 16.67 21.41 3.57 3.55 3.59 0.04

1998 17.30 19.79 3.42 3.40 3.44 0.04

1999 16.15 21.03 3.40 3.38 3.42 0.04

2000 16.14 19.87 3.21 3.18 3.23 0.04

2001 16.14 19.67 3.17 3.15 3.20 0.05

2002 15.55 19.20 2.99 2.96 3.02 0.06

2003 15.57 17.56 2.73 2.71 2.76 0.06

2004 15.61 17.36 2.71 2.68 2.74 0.06

2005 15.78 15.72 2.48 2.45 2.51 0.07

2006 13.41 17.66 2.37 2.33 2.41 0.08

2007 15.01 17.84 2.68 2.62 2.73 0.11

2008 14.21 18.54 2.64 2.56 2.71 0.15

2009 12.74 14.33 1.83 1.68 1.99 0.31

2010 11.76 17.12 2.01 1.72 2.36 0.65

People Movers

1982 28.39 36.71 10.42 10.09 10.76 0.67

1983 26.23 26.82 7.04 6.91 7.17 0.26

1984 26.28 30.18 7.93 7.82 8.05 0.23

1985 26.42 27.11 7.16 7.04 7.29 0.26

1986 25.96 25.99 6.75 6.50 7.00 0.50

1987 22.86 21.79 4.98 4.57 5.43 0.87

1988 21.74 21.94 4.77 4.56 4.98 0.42

1989 22.89 31.98 7.32 7.18 7.46 0.27

1990 19.76 27.13 5.36 5.18 5.55 0.37

1991 20.02 22.39 4.48 4.30 4.67 0.36

1992 19.50 18.37 3.58 3.42 3.75 0.33

1993 18.23 26.90 4.90 4.74 5.08 0.34

1994 17.41 24.47 4.26 4.08 4.45 0.37

1995 16.53 21.86 3.61 3.38 3.87 0.49

1996 15.85 17.03 2.70 2.45 2.97 0.51

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

1997 16.06 25.89 4.16 3.92 4.41 0.49

1998 15.75 18.36 2.89 2.66 3.14 0.48

1999 15.56 17.81 2.77 2.55 3.02 0.47

2000 13.54 27.92 3.78 3.57 4.01 0.44

2001 15.15 18.87 2.86 2.64 3.09 0.45

2002 13.62 18.23 2.48 2.25 2.74 0.49

2003 13.64 22.62 3.08 2.84 3.35 0.51

2004 12.85 20.24 2.60 2.38 2.84 0.45

2005 12.87 19.67 2.53 2.32 2.76 0.44

2006 13.45 24.53 3.30 2.94 3.70 0.77

2007 13.67 16.36 2.24 1.88 2.66 0.78

2008 11.00 16.92 1.86 1.15 3.01 1.85

Small Cars

1982 25.49 26.84 6.84 6.82 6.86 0.03

1983 26.20 25.41 6.66 6.64 6.67 0.04

1984 24.71 25.18 6.22 6.21 6.24 0.03

1985 25.51 25.74 6.57 6.55 6.58 0.03

1986 24.23 24.75 6.00 5.98 6.01 0.03

1987 24.14 26.23 6.33 6.31 6.35 0.04

1988 23.58 25.94 6.12 6.10 6.13 0.03

1989 22.58 25.82 5.83 5.82 5.84 0.02

1990 22.08 25.11 5.54 5.53 5.56 0.02

1991 21.93 24.47 5.36 5.35 5.38 0.02

1992 21.71 24.05 5.22 5.21 5.23 0.02

1993 21.36 24.03 5.13 5.12 5.15 0.02

1994 21.57 22.61 4.88 4.87 4.89 0.02

1995 20.85 24.35 5.08 5.07 5.09 0.02

1996 21.56 22.59 4.87 4.86 4.88 0.02

1997 21.11 24.00 5.07 5.06 5.08 0.02

1998 20.95 22.79 4.77 4.76 4.78 0.02

1999 20.29 23.06 4.68 4.67 4.69 0.02

2000 19.19 22.49 4.32 4.31 4.33 0.02

2001 18.21 20.85 3.80 3.79 3.81 0.02

2002 18.67 20.97 3.91 3.90 3.93 0.02

2003 18.54 19.91 3.69 3.68 3.70 0.03

2004 17.44 19.29 3.36 3.35 3.38 0.03

2005 17.80 20.60 3.67 3.65 3.68 0.03

2006 16.33 17.74 2.90 2.88 2.91 0.03

2007 16.08 20.37 3.27 3.25 3.30 0.04

2008 15.62 19.54 3.05 3.03 3.08 0.05

2009 15.05 19.10 2.87 2.82 2.93 0.11

2010 16.80 22.70 3.81 3.67 3.96 0.29

2011 16.80 18.64 3.13 2.60 3.77 1.18

Light Cars

1982 29.96 29.62 8.88 8.75 9.01 0.26

1983 31.38 23.75 7.45 7.36 7.55 0.19

Year of

Manufacture

Pr(Risk)

%

Pr(Severity)

%

Serious

injury rate

per 100

drivers

involved

%

Lower 95%

Confidence

Limit

Upper 95%

Confidence

Limit

Width of

Confidence

Interval

1984 28.00 23.52 6.59 6.52 6.66 0.13

1985 29.33 29.77 8.73 8.68 8.78 0.10

1986 28.18 29.08 8.19 8.12 8.27 0.15

1987 28.01 30.98 8.68 8.59 8.77 0.18

1988 28.53 22.59 6.44 6.36 6.53 0.17

1989 25.77 25.52 6.58 6.53 6.62 0.09

1990 27.02 27.52 7.44 7.39 7.48 0.09

1991 25.69 26.71 6.86 6.83 6.90 0.07

1992 26.05 27.06 7.05 7.02 7.08 0.06

1993 25.64 27.54 7.06 7.03 7.09 0.06

1994 24.89 25.04 6.23 6.20 6.26 0.06

1995 24.65 24.15 5.95 5.93 5.97 0.04

1996 24.44 23.47 5.74 5.71 5.76 0.06

1997 23.62 25.58 6.04 6.01 6.07 0.05

1998 23.50 24.07 5.66 5.63 5.68 0.05

1999 23.44 22.85 5.36 5.32 5.39 0.07

2000 22.78 22.02 5.02 4.97 5.06 0.09

2001 20.16 22.68 4.57 4.51 4.63 0.12

2002 20.07 23.38 4.69 4.64 4.75 0.11

2003 20.86 22.77 4.75 4.71 4.79 0.08

2004 18.94 21.16 4.01 3.97 4.05 0.08

2005 19.46 22.74 4.43 4.39 4.46 0.07

2006 18.29 20.96 3.83 3.80 3.87 0.07

2007 18.38 20.84 3.83 3.79 3.87 0.08

2008 18.10 19.62 3.55 3.50 3.60 0.11

2009 18.67 18.90 3.53 3.44 3.62 0.18

2010 20.01 23.40 4.68 4.50 4.88 0.38

2011 25.66 22.45 5.76 4.39 7.56 3.17

Documents

VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS RATINGS...The ratings were adjusted for the sex and age of the person whose injury outcome was being measured, speed limit at the crash location, number of