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Variants of

ChristianityCatholicism

ProtestantismAnglicanismOrthodoxy

Pentecostalism

Karen Devine 2008


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What is Catholicism?

For Catholicsworship issacramental.

Teachings are drawnfrom scriptures andreligious traditions.

It is hierarchical andstructured and underthe authority of thePope.


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Catholicism is dividedinto 8 Catholic Rites:

a) Armenian

b) Byzantinec) Coptic

d) Ethiopian

e) Chaldean

f) Maronite

g) Roman

h) West Syrian


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The Eucharist is the focus ofworship and Catholicsbelieve thatTransubstantiationoccurs to

make Jesus physicallypresent in the bread andwine.

Catholics believe that faithand good deeds are

necessary for salvation. There is an increased focus

on Mary and the saints.


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Catholic belief includes 7 sacramental areas:

a) Baptism

b) Eucharist

c) Reconciliation

d) Confirmation

e) Marriage

f) Holy Orders

g) Anointing of the Sick


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There is a strong belief inheaven and hell.

Catholicism has a Latin

tradition in the liturgy. There is a strong tradition ofmonasticismin the priesthoodand convents.

There has been a special roleof Catholics in the history ofsociety through educationand social reforms.


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What is Protestantism?

Protestantism evolved out ofthe Reformation period.

The 2 major contributors to the

Reformation were:a) Martin Luther (1483-1546)

b) John Calvin (1509- 1564)

Martin Luther especially

denounced the corruptionswhich existed in the CatholicChurch and the supremacy ofthe Pope.


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The Bible became thesource of authority foreach denomination of

Protestantism Eg:

a)Lutheran

b)Calvinists

c) Methodist

d)Presbyterians

e)Baptists


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These denominationsdeveloped unique Christiantraditions out of thetheology of their founders.

Protestants believe in thetranscendenceof God.

Protestantism is lessliturgical and sacramental

than Catholicism. Protestantism places more

emphasis on preaching thewordof Jesus.


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What is Anglicanism?

Protestantism allows anincreased role for womenleaders than Catholicism.

It developed as a variation to

Catholicism during the reign ofHenry VIII in the 16thCentury.

Theology and politics werebehind the separation from

the Roman Church and thePope.

It was influenced by thetheology of Martin Luther.


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What is Anglicanism?

Anglicanism does not have thePope as a central authority.

The focus in on Biblicalauthority with a special place

held for the Archbishop ofCanterbury.

Anglicans are often dividedinto:

a) Low Anglican: this includes avariety of Protestant faiths.

b) High Anglican: This group isclosely affiliated with theCatholic Church and is known

as Anglo- Catholic.


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Anglicans and women priests?

Anglicans allow agreater role forwomen in the

priesthood,although this isnot universally

accepted throughall denominations.


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What is Orthodoxy?

The heart of orthodoxy is thecelebration of the Eucharist.

In orthodoxy there is a heavyuse of icons.

The liturgical celebration isoften very long and usesincense.

The liturgy is often whollysung.

Parts of the celebration arehidden from the view of thecongregation.

Greek is the language of

orthodoxy.


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What is Orthodoxy?

There is a profoundview ofsacramentalism.

Orthodoxy places

emphasis onmonasticism.

Orthodoxy did notdevelop monastic orreligious orders for a

specific purpose. Only men may

become priests, yetthey may be married.


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What is Pentecostalism?

Pentecostalism originated in the USA in the

Methodist movement of the 19th Century. They are Christian Charismatic Churches and

seek to restore the Holy Spirit to the Church.

Emphasis is on a group response in worship.


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What is Pentecostalism?

There is greatspontaneity in thecelebration which isexhibited by thefollowers.

Baptism of theSpirit occurs when abaptized personreceived the gift of

tongues.(Glossolalia) Pentecostalists value

healing andprophesy.


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Question Time

What are the majordistinguishingfeatures between the

variants ofChristianity?

Are there any othervariants of

Christianity? Namethem?

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