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  • Using Data for QualityImprovementUsing Data for QualityImprovementTRISASI LESTARI - 2017

    Using Data for QualityImprovementUsing Data for QualityImprovement

  • Puskesmas mana diYogyakarta yang

    pelayanankesehatannya paling

    bermutu?

    Puskesmas mana diYogyakarta yang

    pelayanankesehatannya paling

    bermutu?

    Puskesmas mana diYogyakarta yang

    pelayanankesehatannya paling

    bermutu?

    Puskesmas mana diYogyakarta yang

    pelayanankesehatannya paling

    bermutu?

  • Rumah Sakit mana yangpaling baik untuk

    penanganan pasienDemam Berdarah?

    Rumah Sakit mana yangpaling baik untuk

    penanganan pasienDemam Berdarah?

    Rumah Sakit mana yangpaling baik untuk

    penanganan pasienDemam Berdarah?

    Rumah Sakit mana yangpaling baik untuk

    penanganan pasienDemam Berdarah?

  • Spesialis Bedah manayang operasinya palingaman dan outcomenya

    baik?

    Spesialis Bedah manayang operasinya palingaman dan outcomenya

    baik?

    Spesialis Bedah manayang operasinya palingaman dan outcomenya

    baik?

    Spesialis Bedah manayang operasinya palingaman dan outcomenya

    baik?

  • USNEWSRANKING

    2016-2017

    USNEWSRANKING

    2016-2017

    http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/rankings

  • PAST FOCUS

  • CURRENT FOCUSCURRENT FOCUS

  • http://www.who.int/healthinfo/indicators/2015/en/

  • Pertanyaan 2: Bagaimana kita tahu bahwaperubahan yang terjadi adalah suatuperbaikan?

    Pertanyaan 2: Bagaimana kita tahu bahwaperubahan yang terjadi adalah suatuperbaikan?

  • Sulitnya mengukur mutu

    Makan waktu, menambah pekerjaanMakan waktu, menambah pekerjaan

    Harus memastikan akurasi data dan konsistensi metode pengambilan dataHarus memastikan akurasi data dan konsistensi metode pengambilan data

    Terlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepatTerlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepatTerlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepatTerlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepat

    Indikator terima jadi, tanpa ada proses diskusiIndikator terima jadi, tanpa ada proses diskusi

    Bagaimana menggunakan data yg sudah dikumpulkanBagaimana menggunakan data yg sudah dikumpulkan

    Pengumpulan data manual atau otomatisPengumpulan data manual atau otomatis

    Hasil analisis tidak sesuai dengan pendapat manajemenHasil analisis tidak sesuai dengan pendapat manajemen

    Sulitnya mengukur mutu

    Makan waktu, menambah pekerjaan

    Harus memastikan akurasi data dan konsistensi metode pengambilan dataHarus memastikan akurasi data dan konsistensi metode pengambilan data

    Terlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepatTerlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepatTerlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepatTerlalu banyak indikator, tapi bukan indikator yang tepat

    Indikator terima jadi, tanpa ada proses diskusiIndikator terima jadi, tanpa ada proses diskusi

    Bagaimana menggunakan data yg sudah dikumpulkanBagaimana menggunakan data yg sudah dikumpulkan

    Pengumpulan data manual atau otomatisPengumpulan data manual atau otomatis

    Hasil analisis tidak sesuai dengan pendapat manajemenHasil analisis tidak sesuai dengan pendapat manajemen

  • Manfaat Pengumpulan DataMembantu mengidentifikasi masalah yang sebenarnya

    Membantu pengambilan keputusan

    Meningkatkan kepercayaan diri manajerMeningkatkan kepercayaan diri manajer

    Menjadi petunjuk apa yang sedang terjadi : karakteristik masalah, kapanterjadinya, pola dan trend

    Menunjukkan peluang perbaikan mutu

    Menunjukkan seberapa jauh proses untuk mencapai target

    Manfaat Pengumpulan DataMembantu mengidentifikasi masalah yang sebenarnya

    Meningkatkan kepercayaan diri manajerMeningkatkan kepercayaan diri manajer

    Menjadi petunjuk apa yang sedang terjadi : karakteristik masalah, kapanterjadinya, pola dan trend

    Menunjukkan peluang perbaikan mutu

    Menunjukkan seberapa jauh proses untuk mencapai target

  • Manfaat Pengumpulan Data (lanjutan)Sebagai pembanding terhadap standar

    Membantu tim fokus dan memilih prioritas masalah yang harus ditangani

    Membantu tim menjual ide perbaikan mutu pada manajemen/direksiMembantu tim menjual ide perbaikan mutu pada manajemen/direksi

    Membantu memahami hubungan antar bagian

    Menghindari tim menyelesaikan masalah hasil dugaan seseorang saja.

    Membantu tim mengidentifikasi apakah sudah terjadi perubahan kepada perbaikan atau belum

    Manfaat Pengumpulan Data (lanjutan)

    Membantu tim fokus dan memilih prioritas masalah yang harus ditangani

    Membantu tim menjual ide perbaikan mutu pada manajemen/direksiMembantu tim menjual ide perbaikan mutu pada manajemen/direksi

    Membantu memahami hubungan antar bagian

    Menghindari tim menyelesaikan masalah hasil dugaan seseorang saja.

    Membantu tim mengidentifikasi apakah sudah terjadi perubahan kepada perbaikan atau belum

  • The more effort you put into understandingand utilizing data, the more you will berewarded in terms of solving the right

    problem in the right way.(The Victorian Quality Council Safety and Quality in Health)

    The more effort you put into understandingand utilizing data, the more you will berewarded in terms of solving the right

    problem in the right way.(The Victorian Quality Council Safety and Quality in Health)

    The more effort you put into understandingand utilizing data, the more you will berewarded in terms of solving the right

    problem in the right way.(The Victorian Quality Council Safety and Quality in Health)

    The more effort you put into understandingand utilizing data, the more you will berewarded in terms of solving the right

    problem in the right way.(The Victorian Quality Council Safety and Quality in Health)

  • Quality improvement bisa reactive dan proactive.Reaktif terhadap masalah yang ditemukan dalam data/laporan rutin.Proaktif dengan menganalisis data untuk mencari celah untuk perbaikan.

    Quality improvement bisa reactive dan proactive.Reaktif terhadap masalah yang ditemukan dalam data/laporan rutin.Proaktif dengan menganalisis data untuk mencari celah untuk perbaikan.

  • Sumber data?

    DataInternal

    DataInternal

    DataInternal

    DataInternal

    DataEksternal

    DataEksternal

    DataEksternal

    DataEksternal

  • Jenis data

    AdministrativeAdministrative

    Demografi Statistik

    pelayanan Data finansial Readmission Length of stay

    Demografi Statistik

    pelayanan Data finansial Readmission Length of stay

    ClinicalClinical

    Adverse event Risk factor Mortalitas Morbiditas Infection rates

    Adverse event Risk factor Mortalitas Morbiditas Infection rates

  • Data

    Bangsal

    HRD

    Gizi

    Data

    Rawat Jalan

    Keuangan

    HRD Data

    Farmasi

    PendaftaranData Pendaftaran

    IGD

    Rawat Jalan

  • Pengumpulan Data

    SamplingSampling

    Populasi Sample size Sampling

    teknik Bias

    Data entryData entry

    checking Cleaning

    Populasi Sample size Sampling

    teknik Bias

    checking Cleaning

    Pengumpulan Data

    Data entryData entry

    checking Cleaning

    Storing andmanaging

    Storing andmanaging

    Spreadsheet Database

    program Statistical

    program

    checking Cleaning

    Spreadsheet Database

    program Statistical

    program

  • Bias Sampling

  • Good Data

    ReliableReliableReliableReliable

    UnbiasedUnbiased

    ValidValidValidValid

    UnbiasedUnbiased

  • If I had to reduce mymessage for

    management to just afew words, Id say it all

    had to do withreducing variation.

    (W.E. Deming)

    If I had to reduce mymessage for

    management to just afew words, Id say it all

    had to do withreducing variation.

    (W.E. Deming)

  • Principles of variation1. No two things are exactly alike.

    2. Variation in a product or process can be measured

    3. Things vary according to a definite pattern.

    4. Whenever things of the same kind are measured, a large group of themeasurements will tend to cluster around the middle

    5. It's possible to determine the shape of the distribution curve formeasurements obtained from any process.

    6. Variations due to assignable causes tend to distort the normal distributioncurve

    1. No two things are exactly alike.

    2. Variation in a product or process can be measured

    3. Things vary according to a definite pattern.

    4. Whenever things of the same kind are measured, a large group of themeasurements will tend to cluster around the middle

    5. It's possible to determine the shape of the distribution curve formeasurements obtained from any process.

    6. Variations due to assignable causes tend to distort the normal distributioncurve

    Principles of variation1. No two things are exactly alike.

    2. Variation in a product or process can be measured

    3. Things vary according to a definite pattern.

    4. Whenever things of the same kind are measured, a large group of themeasurements will tend to cluster around the middle

    5. It's possible to determine the shape of the distribution curve formeasurements obtained from any process.

    6. Variations due to assignable causes tend to distort the normal distributioncurve

    1. No two things are exactly alike.

    2. Variation in a product or process can be measured

    3. Things vary according to a definite pattern.

    4. Whenever things of the same kind are measured, a large group of themeasurements will tend to cluster around the middle

    5. It's possible to determine the shape of the distribution curve formeasurements obtained from any process.

    6. Variations due to assignable causes tend to distort the normal distributioncurve

  • Cause of variation

    Insidental

    Cause of variation

    Sistemik

  • Type of variation

  • Common Source of VariationCommon Source of Variation

  • Basic Data Presentation

    1. Deskriptif Statistik

    Basic Data Presentation

  • 2. Percentage changePrevalence of pressure ulcers before and after intervention

    2. Percentage changePrevalence of pressure ulcers before and after intervention

  • 3. Measures of centre3. Measures of centre

  • Satisfaction survey (response rate)Satisfaction survey (response rate)

  • Satisfaction Survey ResultsSatisfaction Survey Results

  • 4. Pie Chart

  • 5. Using bar for comparison5. Using bar for comparison

  • 6. Box Plots

  • 2. Histogram

  • HistogramShows relative frequenciesProduced from grouped dataDetermine the number of classes 2a1 < n 2a

    n=100, 26 < n 27 = 7 classes

    Get insight into the shape of of the distribution of population

    Shows relative frequenciesProduced from grouped dataDetermine the number of classes 2a1 < n 2a

    n=100, 26 < n 27 = 7 classes

    Get insight into the shape of of the distribution of population

    Shows relative frequenciesProduced from grouped dataDetermine the number of classes 2a1 < n 2a

    n=100, 26 < n 27 = 7 classes

    Get insight into the shape of of the distribution of population

    Shows relative frequenciesProduced from grouped dataDetermine the number of classes 2a1 < n 2a

    n=100, 26 < n 27 = 7 classes

    Get insight into the shape of of the distribution of population

  • 3. Pareto Chart

  • ParetoChart

    Show

    loss

    /N

    egat

    ive

    outc

    ome

    Vital Few

    Show

    loss

    /N

    egat

    ive

    outc

    ome

    ParetoChart

    Trivial many

  • Control ChartControl ChartControl ChartControl Chart

  • BasicControl

    Chart

    BasicControl

    Chart

  • Control chart representingnosocomial infections in the EDControl chart representingnosocomial infections in the ED

  • Performance improvement DataChest Pain in EmergencyDepartment. Slide courtesy of IHI

  • Average CABG MortalityBefore and After implementation of a new Protocol(Slide courtesy of IHI)

    Average CABG MortalityBefore and After implementation of a new Protocol(Slide courtesy of IHI)

  • A second look at the Data

    2%

    A second look at the Data

    7%

    2%

  • Angka rata-rata tidakmenggambarkan situasisesungguhnya

    Hasil

    peng

    ukur

    anHa

    silpe

    nguk

    uran

    Waktu

    Angka rata-rata tidakmenggambarkan situasisesungguhnya

    (CL)

    Waktu

    (CL)

  • Bagaimana variasi dalam sebuahsistem dengan berjalannya waktu?

    Shewhart 1920: variasi terkontrol dantidak terkontrol (special cause)

    Bagaimana variasi dalam sebuahsistem dengan berjalannya waktu?

    Shewhart 1920: variasi terkontrol dantidak terkontrol (special cause)

  • Jenis VariasiTerkontrol (common cause) Terkait dengan desain proses Akibat proses regular, penyebab

    natural, atau biasa. Mempengaruhi semua outcome

    proses Hasilnya stabil Bisa diprediksikan

    Tidak terkontrol (special cause) Bukan disebabkan karena desain

    proses Akibat proses ireguler atau tidak

    alami Mempengaruhi sebagian outcome

    tapi tidak seluruhnya Hasilnya tidak stabil Tidak bisa diprediksikan

    Terkontrol (common cause) Terkait dengan desain proses Akibat proses regular, penyebab

    natural, atau biasa. Mempengaruhi semua outcome

    proses Hasilnya stabil Bisa diprediksikan

    Tidak terkontrol (special cause) Bukan disebabkan karena desain

    proses Akibat proses ireguler atau tidak

    alami Mempengaruhi sebagian outcome

    tapi tidak seluruhnya Hasilnya tidak stabil Tidak bisa diprediksikan

    Tidak terkontrol (special cause) Bukan disebabkan karena desain

    proses Akibat proses ireguler atau tidak

    alami Mempengaruhi sebagian outcome

    tapi tidak seluruhnya Hasilnya tidak stabil Tidak bisa diprediksikan

    Tidak terkontrol (special cause) Bukan disebabkan karena desain

    proses Akibat proses ireguler atau tidak

    alami Mempengaruhi sebagian outcome

    tapi tidak seluruhnya Hasilnya tidak stabil Tidak bisa diprediksikan

  • Shewharts Control ChartHa

    silpe

    nguk

    uran

    Hasil

    peng

    ukur

    an

    Waktu

    Biasanya diperlukan 15-20 data points

    Shewharts Control Chart

    (CL)

    UCLUpper Control Limit

    Sigma Limit

    (CL)LCLLower Control Limit

    Biasanya diperlukan 15-20 data points

  • Note: For sample size of

  • Average and Range(Xbar-R) ChartAverage and Range(Xbar-R) ChartAverage and Range(Xbar-R) ChartAverage and Range(Xbar-R) Chart

  • Characteristics of Xbar-R chart

    1. It comprised of two charts used in tandem

    2. It is used when you can collect measurements in subgroups of between twoand 10 observations.

    3. The data is in time-order

    4. The Xbar chart is used to evaluate consistency of process averages

    5. It is efficient at detecting relatively large shifts (typically plus or minus 1.5 ? orlarger)

    6. The R chart is used to evaluate the consistency of process variation.

    7. Look at the R chart first; if the R chart is out of control, then the control limitson the Xbar chart are meaningless.

    1. It comprised of two charts used in tandem

    2. It is used when you can collect measurements in subgroups of between twoand 10 observations.

    3. The data is in time-order

    4. The Xbar chart is used to evaluate consistency of process averages

    5. It is efficient at detecting relatively large shifts (typically plus or minus 1.5 ? orlarger)

    6. The R chart is used to evaluate the consistency of process variation.

    7. Look at the R chart first; if the R chart is out of control, then the control limitson the Xbar chart are meaningless.

    Characteristics of Xbar-R chart

    1. It comprised of two charts used in tandem

    2. It is used when you can collect measurements in subgroups of between twoand 10 observations.

    3. The data is in time-order

    4. The Xbar chart is used to evaluate consistency of process averages

    5. It is efficient at detecting relatively large shifts (typically plus or minus 1.5 ? orlarger)

    6. The R chart is used to evaluate the consistency of process variation.

    7. Look at the R chart first; if the R chart is out of control, then the control limitson the Xbar chart are meaningless.

    1. It comprised of two charts used in tandem

    2. It is used when you can collect measurements in subgroups of between twoand 10 observations.

    3. The data is in time-order

    4. The Xbar chart is used to evaluate consistency of process averages

    5. It is efficient at detecting relatively large shifts (typically plus or minus 1.5 ? orlarger)

    6. The R chart is used to evaluate the consistency of process variation.

    7. Look at the R chart first; if the R chart is out of control, then the control limitson the Xbar chart are meaningless.

  • Ice Cream Shop

    2 scoops = + 6 ounces (~170grams)

    Control : weigh fivesamples every 30 minutes

    Sum average range

    Ice Cream Shop

    2 scoops = + 6 ounces (~170grams)

    Control : weigh fivesamples every 30 minutes

    Sum average range

  • Rule: a point between UCL and LCL is a NORMAL VARIATION orcontrolled variation in the processRule: a point between UCL and LCL is a NORMAL VARIATION orcontrolled variation in the process

  • When the average isoutside the limitsthe process is out ofcontrol

    Something hashappened, you maybe able to identifythe cause and youhave to correct it.

    When the average isoutside the limitsthe process is out ofcontrol

    Something hashappened, you maybe able to identifythe cause and youhave to correct it.

  • When the range isoutside the limitsthe process is out ofcontrol

    R-chart is used toevaluate consistencyof the process

    If R-chart is out ofcontrol the averagechart is meaningless

    When the range isoutside the limitsthe process is out ofcontrol

    R-chart is used toevaluate consistencyof the process

    If R-chart is out ofcontrol the averagechart is meaningless

  • Determine control limit for RangeUCL=See table constanta control chartChoose D4 factor that corresponds tothe sample sizeUCL = D4 x RUCL=2.114 x 1.35 = 2.854LCL = 0 , sample size

  • Decision chartfor workingwith range

  • SAMPLE SIZE=5UCL=See table constanta controlchartFind A2 factor that correspondsto the sample sizeUCL = X + (A2xR)UCL= 4.795 + (0.577x1.35)UCL= 4.795 + 0.779UCL= 5.574

    LCL = X-(A2xR)LCL = 4.795-0.779LCL 4.016

    Determine controllimit for Average

    SAMPLE SIZE=5UCL=See table constanta controlchartFind A2 factor that correspondsto the sample sizeUCL = X + (A2xR)UCL= 4.795 + (0.577x1.35)UCL= 4.795 + 0.779UCL= 5.574

    LCL = X-(A2xR)LCL = 4.795-0.779LCL 4.016

  • Decision chart for working with average

    Once you have established the control limits and startusing them in regular operations, a different rule applies: Ifeven a single point, either range (R) or average (X), goesoutside a control limit, do not throw out the point. This is aclear indication that an assignable cause is present. Youmust find the assignable cause, and correct it.

    Once you have established the control limits and startusing them in regular operations, a different rule applies: Ifeven a single point, either range (R) or average (X), goesoutside a control limit, do not throw out the point. This is aclear indication that an assignable cause is present. Youmust find the assignable cause, and correct it.

    Decision chart for working with average

    Once you have established the control limits and startusing them in regular operations, a different rule applies: Ifeven a single point, either range (R) or average (X), goesoutside a control limit, do not throw out the point. This is aclear indication that an assignable cause is present. Youmust find the assignable cause, and correct it.

    Once you have established the control limits and startusing them in regular operations, a different rule applies: Ifeven a single point, either range (R) or average (X), goesoutside a control limit, do not throw out the point. This is aclear indication that an assignable cause is present. Youmust find the assignable cause, and correct it.

  • Median and Range(Xbar-R) ChartMedian and Range(Xbar-R) ChartMedian and Range(Xbar-R) ChartMedian and Range(Xbar-R) Chart

  • MEDIAN ANDRANGE CHART

    It is a good chart to use when youknow that the process fordelivering or producing a service(1) follows a normal (bell-shaped) distribution, (2) is notvery often disturbed byassignable causes, and (3) can beeasily adjusted by the employee.If the process does not meetthese requirements, you shoulduse an average and range chart.

    It is a good chart to use when youknow that the process fordelivering or producing a service(1) follows a normal (bell-shaped) distribution, (2) is notvery often disturbed byassignable causes, and (3) can beeasily adjusted by the employee.If the process does not meetthese requirements, you shoulduse an average and range chart.

  • I-MR ChartIndividual and Moving Range ChartI-MR ChartIndividual and Moving Range ChartI-MR ChartIndividual and Moving Range ChartI-MR ChartIndividual and Moving Range Chart

  • Use if you are only able to take one reading during a time period.

    I chart

    one data point is collected at each point in time

    monitor the process average, process variation and time

    Is used to detects trend and shifts in the data

    The Individual data must be time-ordered

    MR chart

    is the difference between consecutive observations

    It shows short term variability in the data

    It is used to assess stability of the process

    Use if you are only able to take one reading during a time period.

    I chart

    one data point is collected at each point in time

    monitor the process average, process variation and time

    Is used to detects trend and shifts in the data

    The Individual data must be time-ordered

    MR chart

    is the difference between consecutive observations

    It shows short term variability in the data

    It is used to assess stability of the process

    Use if you are only able to take one reading during a time period.

    I chart

    one data point is collected at each point in time

    monitor the process average, process variation and time

    Is used to detects trend and shifts in the data

    The Individual data must be time-ordered

    MR chart

    is the difference between consecutive observations

    It shows short term variability in the data

    It is used to assess stability of the process

    Use if you are only able to take one reading during a time period.

    I chart

    one data point is collected at each point in time

    monitor the process average, process variation and time

    Is used to detects trend and shifts in the data

    The Individual data must be time-ordered

    MR chart

    is the difference between consecutive observations

    It shows short term variability in the data

    It is used to assess stability of the process

  • UCL RANGESee table constanta control chartFind A2 factor that corresponds to thesample sizeNumber of Sample = 2UCLR= (D4xRa)UCLR= 3.267 x RaRa= total R/number of sampleRa= 38.8 / 24 =1.616UCLR= 3.267 x 1.616UCLR= 5.28LCL = 0 (sample

  • Zone B

    Zone A

    Pembagian Zona dalam ControlChart

    Zone A

    Zone B

    Zone C

    Zone C (CL)

    UCLUpper Control Limit+2 SL

    +3 SL

    Pembagian Zona dalam ControlChart

    (CL)LCLLower Control Limit

    -3 SL

    -2 SL

    -1 SL

    +1 SL

  • Aturan Control Chart untukmengidentifikasi adanya variasi

    Rule 1: ada 1 point yang terletak di luar +/-3SL

    Rule 2: ada 8 point berturut-turut yang terletak diatas ataudibawah center lineRule 2: ada 8 point berturut-turut yang terletak diatas ataudibawah center line

    Rule 3: ada 6 atau lebih point yang terus naik/turun

    Rule 4: ada 2 dari 3 point berturut-turut yang terletak di zonaA atau melewati zona A

    Rule 5: ada 15 point berturut-turut yang terletak di zona Cpada kedua sisi

    Aturan Control Chart untukmengidentifikasi adanya variasi

    Rule 1: ada 1 point yang terletak di luar +/-3SL

    Rule 2: ada 8 point berturut-turut yang terletak diatas ataudibawah center lineRule 2: ada 8 point berturut-turut yang terletak diatas ataudibawah center line

    Rule 3: ada 6 atau lebih point yang terus naik/turun

    Rule 4: ada 2 dari 3 point berturut-turut yang terletak di zonaA atau melewati zona A

    Rule 5: ada 15 point berturut-turut yang terletak di zona Cpada kedua sisi

  • Variasi yang unik (specialcause) tidak selalu berarti

    jelek, bisa juga menunjukkanperbaikan dan harus

    dianalisis untuk membantupengambilan keputusan.

    Variasi yang unik (specialcause) tidak selalu berarti

    jelek, bisa juga menunjukkanperbaikan dan harus

    dianalisis untuk membantupengambilan keputusan.

    Variasi yang unik (specialcause) tidak selalu berarti

    jelek, bisa juga menunjukkanperbaikan dan harus

    dianalisis untuk membantupengambilan keputusan.

    Variasi yang unik (specialcause) tidak selalu berarti

    jelek, bisa juga menunjukkanperbaikan dan harus

    dianalisis untuk membantupengambilan keputusan.

  • Time to surfactantadministration of premature infantsTime to surfactantadministration of premature infants

  • Jenis-jenis control chart

    X bar and S X bar and R XmR

    X-Bar, Rb, Rw CUSUM EWMA

    StandardizedP C-chart

    Jenis-jenis control chart

    XmR Deviationfrom Nominal X-Bar, Rb, d

    EWMA Np P-chart

    U-chart Standardizedu

  • Bagaimana menilai variasi dalamproses perbaikan mutu?Bagaimana menilai variasi dalamproses perbaikan mutu?

  • Run ChartHa

    silpe

    nguk

    uran

    Plot the dots

    Hasil

    peng

    ukur

    an

    Waktu

    X (Median)

    Run adalah satu ataulebih data points padasalah satu sisi medianyang sama, tidaktermasuk data point yangterletak pada median.

    Waktu

    X (Median)

  • Non-random rules for run chartNon-random rules for run chart

  • If I had to reducemy message formanagement to justa few words, Id sayit all had to do withreducing variation.(W.Edwards Deming)

    If I had to reducemy message formanagement to justa few words, Id sayit all had to do withreducing variation.(W.Edwards Deming)

    If I had to reducemy message formanagement to justa few words, Id sayit all had to do withreducing variation.(W.Edwards Deming)

    If I had to reducemy message formanagement to justa few words, Id sayit all had to do withreducing variation.(W.Edwards Deming)

  • Tugas1. Identifikasi Gap dalam pelayanan kesehatan dan tantangannya

    2. Apa yang ingin anda ubah?

    3. Jawab 3 pertanyaan Nolan model

    4. Pilih intervensi yang ingin dilakukan (semakin spesifik semakin baik)

    5. Buat rencana (Plan)

    6. Pilih metode dan alat untuk implementasi perubahan

    7. Pilih metode pengumpulan data untuk observasi

    8. Pilih metode untuk penyajian data

    Maksimal 3 halaman, font Times New Roman 12, spasi 1.5

    1. Identifikasi Gap dalam pelayanan kesehatan dan tantangannya

    2. Apa yang ingin anda ubah?

    3. Jawab 3 pertanyaan Nolan model

    4. Pilih intervensi yang ingin dilakukan (semakin spesifik semakin baik)

    5. Buat rencana (Plan)

    6. Pilih metode dan alat untuk implementasi perubahan

    7. Pilih metode pengumpulan data untuk observasi

    8. Pilih metode untuk penyajian data

    Maksimal 3 halaman, font Times New Roman 12, spasi 1.5

    1. Identifikasi Gap dalam pelayanan kesehatan dan tantangannya

    2. Apa yang ingin anda ubah?

    3. Jawab 3 pertanyaan Nolan model

    4. Pilih intervensi yang ingin dilakukan (semakin spesifik semakin baik)

    5. Buat rencana (Plan)

    6. Pilih metode dan alat untuk implementasi perubahan

    7. Pilih metode pengumpulan data untuk observasi

    8. Pilih metode untuk penyajian data

    Maksimal 3 halaman, font Times New Roman 12, spasi 1.5

    1. Identifikasi Gap dalam pelayanan kesehatan dan tantangannya

    2. Apa yang ingin anda ubah?

    3. Jawab 3 pertanyaan Nolan model

    4. Pilih intervensi yang ingin dilakukan (semakin spesifik semakin baik)

    5. Buat rencana (Plan)

    6. Pilih metode dan alat untuk implementasi perubahan

    7. Pilih metode pengumpulan data untuk observasi

    8. Pilih metode untuk penyajian data

    Maksimal 3 halaman, font Times New Roman 12, spasi 1.5